Test 1

Question 1 (1621049):What phase of the Moon will result when the Moon passes between the
Sun and the earth? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): New
Correct answer(s): New
First Quarter
Full
Third Quarter
Question 2 (1621072):On what date or dates is the Suns altitude at its minimum for observers
located at 42 degrees north latitude? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): December 21
Correct answer(s): March 21
June 21
September 21
December 21
Question 3 (1621046):The Ecliptic crosses the Celestial Equator at two points, these are called
the Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Equinoxes
Correct answer(s): Solstices
Equinoxes
Nodes
None of the above
Question 4 (1621053):To account for the apparent retrograde motion of the planets, Ptolemy
included ____________ in his model of the Universe. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00
/ 1.00 Your Answer(s): epicycles
Correct answer(s): circles
epicycles
ellipses
heliocentricism
Question 5 (1621052):The model in which Earth occupies the center of the Universe is called the
____________ model. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
geocentric
Correct answer(s): heliocentric
Big Bang
Keplerien
geocentric
Question 6 (1621028):An Astronomical Unit (AU) is defined as Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the average distance between the Sun and the Earth.
Correct answer(s): the distance between the Sun and the nearest star, Proxima Centauri.
the average distance between the Sun and the Earth.
the average distance between the Sun and Pluto.
The distance light travels in one year.

Question 7 (1621081):About what time of day does a Waning Crescent set? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Just before Sunset
Correct answer(s): Just before Sunrise
Just after Sunrise
Just before Sunset
Just after Sunset
Question 8 (1621032):If the solar system were the size of your campus, how far away would the
nearest star be? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): An infinite
distance away.
Correct answer(s): An infinite distance away.
About a mile away.
About 100 miles away.
About 2,000 miles away.
Question 9 (1621014):From most northern hemisphere locations, like Michigan Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): All of the above are true.
Correct answer(s): some stars never set.
some stars never rise.
some stars rise in the east and set in the west.
All of the above are true.
Question 10 (1621079):Is the Full Moon visible during the day? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): No
Correct answer(s): Yes
No
Question 11 (1621077):What time does a Full Moon rise? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Sunset
Correct answer(s): Sunrise
Noon
Sunset
Midnight
Question 12 (1621068):The star Zeta Orionis is about 800 Light Years away from Earth. If you
observe that star exploding tonight, you can conclude that Zeta Orionis Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): actually exploded 800 years ago.
Correct answer(s): actually exploded 800 years ago.
will explode 800 years from now.
actually exploded 1,600 years ago.
will explode in 1,600 years.
Question 13 (1621075):Which of the following gives the correct geometry that results in a Full
Moon phase? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Earth is
between the Sun and the Moon.
Correct answer(s): The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth.
The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.

The Sun is between the Earth and the Moon.

The Moon and the Sun are separated by an angle of 90 degrees.
Question 14 (1621030):In a model of the solar system that was about as large as a college
campus, how large would the Sun be? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): About the size of a softball.
Correct answer(s): About the size of a small car.
About the size of a basketball.
About the size of a softball.
About the size of a marble.
Question 15 (1621019):Which planet (s) are never seen to far from the Sun? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Both Mercury and Venus
Correct answer(s): Mercury ?
Venus
Both Mercury and Venus
Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
Question 16 (1621010):Which is correct in order of size from smallest to largest? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Earth, Sun, Nebula, Galaxy, Universe
Correct answer(s): Universe, Galaxy, Nebula, Sun, Earth
Earth, Nebula, Sun, Universe, Galaxy
Universe, Nebula, Galaxy, Earth, Sun
Earth, Sun, Nebula, Galaxy, Universe
Question 17 (1621058):Which of the following is a consequence of Keplers Second Law?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): For any given orbiting planet,
when it is closer to the Sun it moves faster than when it is further from the Sun.
Correct answer(s): Planets closer to the Sun have shorter orbital periods than planets further from
the Sun.
Planets closer to the Sun have longer orbital periods than planets further from the Sun.
Planets move on epicycles while epicycles orbit the Sun.
For any given orbiting planet, when it is closer to the Sun it moves faster than when it is further
from the Sun.
Question 18 (1621020):Which motion will change the pole-star over time? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Rotation
Correct answer(s): Rotation
Revolution
Precession
Retrograde motion.
Question 19 (1621059):Which of the following is a consequence of Keplers Third Law?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Planets closer to the Sun have
shorter orbital periods than planets further from the Sun.
Correct answer(s): Planets closer to the Sun have shorter orbital periods than planets further from
the Sun.

Planets closer to the Sun have longer orbital periods than planets further from the Sun.
Planets move on epicycles while epicycles orbit the Sun.
For any given orbiting planet, when it is closer to the Sun it moves faster than when it is further
from the Sun.
Question 20 (1621015):When looking north, you see stars Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): move in arcs from east to west.
Correct answer(s): appear to move in circles.
move in arcs from east to west.
moving diagonally upward.
moving diagonally downward.
Question 21 (1621021):Epicycles explain Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): retrograde motion in both models.
Correct answer(s): retrograde motion in the geocentric model. ?
retrograde motion the heliocentric model.
retrograde motion in both models.
revolution of planets around the sun.
Question 22 (1621011):Put the events in order, from first to last Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Creation of Universe, Formation of Galaxy, Formation of
Solar System, Appearance of life
Correct answer(s): Creation of Universe, Formation of Solar System, Formation of Galaxy,
Appearance of life
Creation of Universe, Formation of Galaxy, Formation of Solar System, Appearance of life
Appearance of life, Formation of Solar System, Formation of Galaxy, Creation of Universe
Creation of Universe, Formation of Solar System, Appearance of life, Formation of Galaxy
Question 23 (1621064):Which of the following is the correct expression, in scientific notation, of
the number 3,750? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 3.75x103
Correct answer(s): 3.75x10-3
3.75x103
3.75x102
3,750
Question 24 (1621076):Which of the following gives the correct alignment that results in a New
Moon phase? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Moon is
between the Sun and the Earth.
Correct answer(s): The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth.
The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.
The Sun is between the Earth and the Moon.
The Moon and the Sun are separated by an angle of 90 degrees.
Question 25 (1621024):Which planetary property does not play a role in the laws of planetary
motion? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): mass
Correct answer(s): orbital period ?
orbital distance

mass
All of these are part of the laws of planetary motion.
Question 26 (1621060):The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observation was
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Galileo Galilei
Correct answer(s): Claudius Ptolemy
Tycho Brahe
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Question 27 (1621035):Which of the following correctly lists objects in order of their size, from
smallest to largest: Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): moon,
planet, star, galaxy, universe.
Correct answer(s): galaxy, moon, planet, star, universe.
moon, planet, star, galaxy, universe.
universe, galaxy, star, planet, moon.
star, planet, moon, galaxy, universe.
Question 28 (1621080):About what time of the day does a Waxing Gibbous Moon rise?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Just before Sunset
Correct answer(s): Just before Sunrise
Just after Sunrise
Just before Sunset
Just after Sunset.
Question 29 (1621042):The two coordinates that describe the location of an object on the
Celestial Sphere are Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Right
Ascension and Declination
Correct answer(s): Right Ascension and Declination
Latitude and Longitude
Altitude and Azimuth
Time of day and location.
Question 30 (1621054):Which of the following people developed the heliocentric model of the
Universe. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Copernicus
Correct answer(s): Aristotle
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Kepler
Question 31 (1621012):Polaris is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): near the north celestial pole.
Correct answer(s): the brightest star.
the closest star.
near the north celestial pole.
All of the above.

Question 32 (1621037):The two coordinates that describe the position of an object in your local
sky are Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Altitude and Azimuth
Correct answer(s): Right Ascension and Declination
Latitude and Longitude
Altitude and Azimuth
Time of day and location.
Question 33 (1621061):What was the significance of the discovery that Jupiter had its own moon
system? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): It was direct evidence
that not all celestial objects orbit the Earth and, therefore, supported the heliocentric model.
Correct answer(s): It revealed just how well telescopes could magnify things for us.
It enabled Galileo to determine the mass of Jupiter.
It was direct evidence that not all celestial objects orbit the Earth and, therefore, supported the
heliocentric model.
It was direct evidence that all planets have moon systems.
Question 34 (1621031):In a model of the solar system that was about as large as a college
campus, how large would the largest planet in the solar system be? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): About the size of a marble.
Correct answer(s): About the size of a basketball.
About the size of a softball.
About the size of a marble.
About the size of the head of a pin.
Question 35 (1621050):What phase of the Moon will set at noon? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Third Quarter
Correct answer(s): New
First Quarter
Full
Third Quarter
Question 36 (1621062):In both the geocentric and heliocentric systems, Venus would be
expected to go through phases. Which of the following distinguishes between the two systems?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): In the heliocentric system,
Venus would occasionally be near full phase and would appear smaller at that time. In the
geocentric system, Venus would never be near full phase.
Correct answer(s): In the geocentric system, Venus would occasionally be near full phase and
would appear larger at that time. In the heliocentric system, Venus would never be near full
phase.
In the heliocentric system, Venus would occasionally be near full phase and would appear larger
at that time. In the geocentric system, Venus would never be near full phase.
In the geocentric system, Venus would occasionally be near full phase and would appear smaller
at that time. In the heliocentric system, Venus would never be near full phase.
In the heliocentric system, Venus would occasionally be near full phase and would appear
smaller at that time. In the geocentric system, Venus would never be near full phase.

Question 37 (1621051):What two conditions must be met in order for a Solar Eclipse to occur?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Moon must be in the New
Moon phase and on the Ecliptic Plane.
Correct answer(s): The Moon must be in the Full Moon phase and above the Ecliptic Plane.
The Moon must be in the Full Moon phase and on the Ecliptic Plane.
The Moon must be in the New Moon phase and above the Ecliptic Plane.
The Moon must be in the New Moon phase and on the Ecliptic Plane.
Question 38 (1621043):What is the Declination of the North Celestial Pole? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 90 degrees
Correct answer(s): 0 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees
Zenith
Question 39 (1621017):Which is longer Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): A solar day.
Correct answer(s): A solar day.
A sidereal day.
Both are the same length of time.
It depends on the season.
Question 40 (1621047):What is the declination of the Sun at the time of the Autumnal Equinox?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 0 degrees
Correct answer(s): 0 degrees
23.5 degrees
12 hours
90 degrees
Question 41 (1621023):Planetary orbits are Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): Elliptical.
Correct answer(s): Circular.
Elliptical.
Parabolic.
Hyperbolic.
Question 42 (1621025):When planets are closer to the sun, they orbit Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): faster.?
Correct answer(s): faster.?
slower.
neither, orbital speed does not change.
It depends on a planets mass, not distance from the sun.
Question 43 (1621013):Which is not true about the celestial sphere? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): All of the above are true.
Correct answer(s): It rotates from west to east.
It is centered on Earth.

It is imaginary.
All of the above are true.
Question 44 (1621083):How does the Copernican model account for apparent retrograde
motion? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Inner planets orbit
faster than outer planets and overtake or pass them. When this occurs, the apparent motion of the
outer planet is backwards.
Correct answer(s): Copernicus proposed that planets move on epicycles as they orbit the Earth.
Inner planets orbit faster than outer planets and overtake or pass them. When this occurs, the
apparent motion of the outer planet is backwards.
When the Earth passes Mars in its orbit, the Earth and Mars are as close as they will be to one
another. When objects are close to each other, one appears to move backward.
The Copernican model does not account for apparent retrograde motion.
Question 45 (1621038):You observe the Sun rising directly in the East (due East). At the time of
the sunrise, which of the following coordinates would describe the location of the Sun in your
local sky? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Altitude 0 degrees
and Azimuth 90 degrees
Correct answer(s): Right Ascension 6 hours and Declination 0 degrees
Altitude 90 degrees and Azimuth 0 degrees
Altitude 0 degrees and Azimuth 90 degrees
Latitude 42 degrees and Longitude 83 degrees west
Question 46 (1621034):How large is the observable universe? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The observable universe has a radius of about 14 billion LY.
Correct answer(s): The observable universe has a radius of about 14 billion LY.
The observable universe has a diameter of about 100,000 LY.
The observable universe has a radius of about 1 LY.
The observable universe has a diameter of about 1 AU.
Question 47 (1621057):According to Keplers First Law, the orbit of each planet is what shape?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Elliptical
Correct answer(s): Parabolic
Elliptical
Circular
Spherical
Question 48 (1621055):In the heliocentric system, how is apparent retrograde motion explained?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Planets nearer to the Sun orbit
faster than planets further from the Sun. When an inner planet overtakes an outer planet, the
outer planet appears to move backward.
Correct answer(s): Each planet is on a rotating epicycle, which in turn orbits the Sun.
Each planets orbit is in the shape of an ellipse.
Planets nearer to the Sun orbit faster than planets further from the Sun. When an inner planet
overtakes an outer planet, the outer planet appears to move backward.
The Earth occasionally travels slower in its orbit and when this happens, the other planets appear
to move backward.

Question 49 (1621022):Who invented the telescope? Type:Multiple Choice Points

awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): None of the above.
Correct answer(s): Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
None of the above.
Question 50 (1621040):What is the latitude of the North Pole? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 90 degrees North Latitude
Correct answer(s): 0 degrees
45 degrees North Latitude
90 degrees North Latitude
Zenith

Test 2
Question 1 (1739631):Why is direct detection so difficult? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Because exoplanets are so far away and therefore very dim.
Also, their host stars outshine them.
Correct answer(s): Because planets emit the same kind of light as the stars.
Because exoplanets are so far away and therefore very dim. Also, their host stars outshine them.
Actually, direct detection is not that difficult. Most of the exoplanets discovered to date have
been detected using this method.
Both a and b are correct.
Question 2 (1739607):Venus has a thicker atmosphere than Earth. Type:True or False Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): True
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 3 (1739608):Only the Earth has aurora. Type:True or False Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): False
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 4 (1739600):Why are there no impact craters on the surface of Io? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Any impact craters on Io would have been
erased by volcanic activity.
Correct answer(s): Any craters that existed have been eroded through the strong winds on Io's
surface.
It is too small to have been bombarded by planetesimals in the early solar system.
Io's thick atmosphere obscures the view of the craters.
Jupiter's strong gravity attracted the planetesimals more strongly than Io and thus none landed on

its surface.
Any impact craters on Io would have been erased by volcanic activity.
Question 5 (1739639):What are the two main reasons for a comets interesting behavior?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Their composition, mostly
ices, and their highly eccentric orbits.
Correct answer(s): Their composition, mostly rock and metal, and their nearly circular orbits.
Their composition, mostly ices, and their highly eccentric orbits.
Their composition, mostly ices, and their nearly circular orbits.
Their composition, mostly rock and metal, and their highly eccentric orbits that bring them close
to Jupiter.
Question 6 (1739617):Where did the Terrestrial planets form? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Between the Rock/Metal Condensation Line and the Frost
Line.
Correct answer(s): Inside the Rock/Metal Condensation Line.
Between the Rock/Metal Condensation Line and the Frost Line.
Beyond the Frost Line
None of the above.
Question 7 (1739604):A spacecraft traveling through the asteroid belt has a high risk of being
destroyed through a collision. Type:True or False Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
False
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 8 (1739594):What are the processes that erase impact craters on the Earth over time?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): All of the above
Correct answer(s): Tectonic Activity
Volcanic Activity
Erosion
All of the above
Question 9 (1739675):What theory explains why the Uranian system is on its side?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Perhaps a major collision with
a large body knocked Uranus on its side. Uranuss moons show evidence of major impacts.
Correct answer(s): It most likely formed that way.
Uranus was probably captured by the solar system as it passed too closely in interstellar space.
Jupiters large gravitational pull rolled Uranus on its side.
Perhaps a major collision with a large body knocked Uranus on its side. Uranuss moons show
evidence of major impacts.
Question 10 (1739583):The diagram below demonstrates what method for the search for
exoplanets?

Ty
pe:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Eclipsing or Transit
Correct answer(s): Direct Optical
Eclipsing or Transit
Astrometry
Doppler or Radial Velocity
None of the above

Question 11 (1739629):The Transit method works only in cases where Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The planet or planets actually pass in front of the
star (from our point of view).
Correct answer(s): The planet or planets actually pass in front of the star (from our point of
view).
The planet or planets completely block the stars light from reaching us.
We are looking at the star/planet system from a face-on vantage point.
Kuiper Belt Object
Question 12 (1739579):Which of the following has not been detected around another star outside
of our Solar System? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 100s of
exoplanets
Correct answer(s): multi-planet extrasolar systems
100s of exoplanets
flattened, spinning disks
Jovian planets
all of the above have been observed or found
Question 13 (1739606):Mars has a very strong magnetic field. Type:True or False Points
awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): True
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 14 (1739667):What is Jupiters Great Red Spot? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): A long lasting, possibly permanent, storm.
Correct answer(s): A massive impact crater on the surface of Jupiter.
A large hole in the atmosphere of Jupiter revealing lower level atmospheric gases.
A large fire burning in Jupiters upper atmosphere.
A long lasting, possibly permanent, storm.

Question 15 (1739578):Accretion is a term used during the formation of the Solar System to
describe Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): one of the major
processes that was involved in the formation of the planets.
Correct answer(s): one of the major processes that was involved in the formation of the planets.
the Paulding light.
the explanation for the energy source that drives the geysers on the moon Io.
the formation of Earths moon.
Question 16 (1739576):By increasing distance from the center, what is the type of objects you
find in our Solar System? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): A
Star, Terrestrial Planets, Jovian Planets, Asteroid Belt, and the Kuiper Belt
Correct answer(s): A Star, Terrestrial Planets, Jovian Planets, Asteroid Belt, and the Kuiper Belt
Terrestrial Planets, Asteroid Belt, Jovian Planets, a Star, and the Kuiper Belt
A Star, Terrestrial Planets, Asteroid Belt, Jovian Planets, and the Kuiper Belt
the Kuiper Belt, Terrestrial Planets, Asteroid Belt, and the Jovian Planets, a Star
Asteroid Belt, a Star, Terrestrial Planets, Jovian Planets, and the Kuiper Belt
Question 17 (1739626):Which of the following detection methods has resulted in the most
exoplanet discoveries? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
Doppler
Correct answer(s): Direct Detection
Astrometry
Doppler
Transit
Question 18 (1739616):Which planet type tends to have few or no satellites? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Terrestrial
Correct answer(s): Jovian
Asteroid
Terrestrial
Kuiper Belt Object
Question 19 (1739656):Why is Mars no longer geologically active? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Marss thin atmosphere has halted all geological activity.
Correct answer(s): Mars has a hot, molten interior, but its thick crust may be prohibiting any
geological activity.
Due to its small size, Marss interior has cooled to a solid state.
Marss thin atmosphere has halted all geological activity.
Marss magnetosphere has almost disappeared.
Question 20 (1739593):Which planet could an astronaut visit without the need for a spacesuit
(and survive)? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): None; an
astronaut would need a spacesuit to survive a visit to any other planet in the Solar System.
Correct answer(s): Mars
Venus
Mercury
the Moon

None; an astronaut would need a spacesuit to survive a visit to any other planet in the Solar
System.
Question 21 (1739664):How was the position of planet Uranus predicted? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): According to the Titus-Bode law, a planet should
exist with an orbital radius of about 19.2 AU. This matches what was discovered by Herschel to
be the precise location of the planet Uranus.
Correct answer(s): According to the Titus-Bode law, a planet should exist with an orbital radius
of about 19.2 AU. This matches what was discovered by Herschel to be the precise location of
the planet Uranus.
Astronomers had noticed that the motion of Saturn did not agree with what was predicted by
Newtons laws of motion. To account for these perturbations in the motion of Saturn,
astronomers posited a massive planet at a particular place in its orbit beyond saturn. Subsequent
observations of that place reveled the presence of the planet Uranus.
The position of the planet Uranus was predicted by Ptolemy when he observed a large object
beyond the orbit of Saturn.
The planet Uranus was predicted by astrologers who felt a presence while computing
horoscopes.
Question 22 (1739627):Most of the exoplanets discovered so far tend to be Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): high-mass.
Correct answer(s): high-mass.
low-mass.
Earth-like.
none of the above.
Question 23 (1739612):What is the term used for the type of planet that is similar in many ways
to Jupiter? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Jovian
Correct answer(s): Jovian
Asteroid
Terrestrial
Kuiper Belt Object
Question 24 (1739649):What are the two main factors that control how a Terrestrial planets
surface will evolve? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Size and
distance from the Sun (temperature)
Correct answer(s): Size and distance from the Sun (temperature)
Density and distance from the Sun (temperature)
Size and thickness of atmosphere.
None of the above.
Question 25 (1739575):What do we call the area of astronomy that studies the comparison of
information about the planets and other large bodies in our Solar System? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): comparative planetology
Correct answer(s): comparative astronomy
astro-planetology
astrobiology

comparative planetology
extrasolar astronomy
Question 26 (1739602):The name for the early Sun at the time of the formation of the Solar
System is protosun. Type:True or False Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): False
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 27 (1739638):What is the difference between a comet and a meteor? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): A comet is an asteroid-sized chunk of rock
and ices in orbit around the Sun while a meteor is a small chunk of debris burning up in the
Earths atmosphere.
Correct answer(s): A comet is a small chunk of debris burning up in the Earths atmosphere while
a meteor is a small chunk of debris that has survived the plunge through Earths atmosphere and
can be recovered.
A comet is a small chunk of debris burning up in the Earths atmosphere while a meteor is an
asteroid-sized chunk of rock and ices in orbit around the Sun.
A comet is an asteroid-sized chunk of rock and ices in orbit around the Sun while a meteor is a
small chunk of debris burning up in the Earths atmosphere.
None of the above.
Question 28 (1739580):Based on our theory of how our own Solar System formed,
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): we would expect that other
Solar Systems would be quite common.
Correct answer(s): we would expect that other Solar Systems would be quite common.
ours should be the only one.
any other star system would be exactly like ours.
it is located at the center of the universe.
Question 29 (1739585):What do asteroids and comets have in common? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Most are unchanged since their formation in the
solar nebula.
Correct answer(s): They have similar orbital radii.
They both consist mainly of ices.
They have nothing in common with each other.
They have similar densities.
Most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula.
Question 30 (1739588):Which of the following is furthest from the Sun? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): a comet in the Oort cloud
Correct answer(s): an asteroid in the asteroid belt
the dwarf planet Pluto
a comet in the Oort cloud
Neptune
a comet in the Kuiper belt

Question 31 (1739601):Which Jovian moon may have an ocean of liquid water beneath its ice
crust? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Europa
Correct answer(s): Titan
Io
Callisto
Europa
Ganymede
Question 32 (1739581):The diagram below demonstrates what method for the search for
exoplanets?

Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 /

1.00 Your Answer(s): Doppler or Radial Velocity
Correct answer(s): Direct Optical
Eclipsing or Transit
Astrometry
Doppler or Radial Velocity
None of the above
Question 33 (1739595):How do we think the moons of Mars came to be? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Lava from the Olympus Mons volcano on Mars that
erupted into space and cooled to form two moons
Correct answer(s): Captured asteroids from the asteroid belt
Formed along with Mars while in orbit of Mars
In the Kuiper Belt and then captured by Mars as they passed through the inner Solar System
Mars does not actually have moons
Lava from the Olympus Mons volcano on Mars that erupted into space and cooled to form two
moons
Question 34 (1739651):Which factor controls whether or not a planet will have geological
activity and how long it will last? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): Size

Correct answer(s): Distance from the Sun

Density
Size
Existence of an atmosphere
Question 35 (1739598):What are the main constituents of the Jovian planets? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): hydrogen and helium
Correct answer(s): ammonia and methane
nitrogen and methane
hydrogen and helium
rocky minerals and water, as on Earth
ammonia and water
Question 36 (1739586):How do asteroids differ from comets? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Asteroids are made of rocky material. Comets are primarily
made of icy material.
Correct answer(s): Asteroids are made of rocky material. Comets are primarily made of icy
material.
Asteroids and comets are both made of rocky and icy material, but asteroids are smaller in size
than comets.
Asteroids and comets are both made of rocky and icy material, but asteroids are larger in size
than comets.
Asteroids are made of icy material. Comets are primarily made of rocky material.
Question 37 (1739577):What formed out of the solar nebula? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): All of the above
Correct answer(s): The Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
The Asteroid Belt
The Kuiper Belt
The Sun
All of the above
Question 38 (1739603):A planet orbits a star around the center of the star. Type:True or False
Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): True
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 39 (1739652):Since the surface of Mercury and Earths Moon are so similar, which
factor was likely most important in shaping their surfaces? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Size
Correct answer(s): Size
Distance from the Sun
Orbital Period
Rotational Period
Question 40 (1739590):The planet closest in size to Earth is Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Venus.

Correct answer(s): Venus.

the Moon.
Mercury.
Pluto.
Mars.
Question 41 (1739605):The Moon probably formed at the same time that Earth formed, rather
like the formation of a double planet. Type:True or False Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): True
Correct answer(s): True
False
Question 42 (1739591):Which of the following is not a characteristic of the inner planets?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): They all have substantial
atmospheres.
Correct answer(s): They all have substantial atmospheres.
They are relatively smaller than the outer planets.
They have very few, if any, satellites.
They all have solid, rocky surfaces.
Question 43 (1739592):Which planet has the highest average surface temperature, and why?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Venus, because of its dense
carbon dioxide atmosphere
Correct answer(s): Mercury, because it is closest to the Sun
Mercury, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere
Mars, because of its red color
Jupiter, because it is so big
Venus, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere
Question 44 (1739589):How does the size of an impact crater compare to the size of the object
that creates it? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): much larger in
size
Correct answer(s): smaller in size
the same size
much larger in size
there are never impact craters since all impactors are vaporized by our atmosphere
there are never impact craters since NASA now has a way of deflecting the impactor
Question 45 (1739643):Where do most meteorites come from? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): From the outer crusts of asteroids freed during collisions.
Correct answer(s): From the outer crusts of asteroids freed during collisions.
From the inner cores of asteroids freed during major asteroid collisions.
From deep within the Earths crust.
From the debris left in a comets orbit.
Question 46 (1739637):What is the Kuiper Belt? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): A collection of many small icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune.

Correct answer(s): A collection of rocky-metallic objects between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
A collection of many small icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune.
The gases escaping from a comet nucleus and stretching out in space.
None of the above.
Question 47 (1739666):Of what two gases are the Jovian planets primarily composed?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Hydrogen and Helium
Correct answer(s): Hydrogen and Methane
Methane and Nitrogen
Hydrogen and Helium
Nitrogen and Helium.
Question 48 (1739596):What property/properties does/do Mars and Venus have in common?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Atmospheric composition and
pressure
Correct answer(s): Atmospheric composition
Size and Mass
Tectonics
Active volcanoes
Atmospheric composition and pressure
Question 49 (1739587):Why aren't small asteroids spherical in shape? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The strength of gravity on small asteroids is less
than the strength of the rock.
Correct answer(s): Small asteroids have odd shapes because they were all chipped off larger
objects.
There are no asteroids that are spherical in shape. They are all too small to be spherical.
The strength of gravity on small asteroids is less than the strength of the rock.
Large asteroids became spherical because many small collisions chipped off pieces until only a
sphere was left; this did not occur with small asteroids.
Question 50 (1739614):Which planet type tends to be high mass? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Jovian
Correct answer(s): Jovian
Asteroid
Terrestrial
Kuiper Belt Object

Test 3
Question 1 (1803052):A star of apparent magnitude +1 appears Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): brighter than a star of apparent magnitude +2.
Correct answer(s): fainter than a star of apparent magnitude +2.

farther away than a star of apparent magnitude +2.

either brighter or fainter than a star of apparent magnitude +2, depending on the distance to the
stars.
brighter than a star of apparent magnitude +2.
Question 2 (1803102):Which type of spectrum do stars produce? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Absorption.
Correct answer(s): Thermal or continuous.
Absorption.
Emission.
Reflection.
Question 3 (1803065):What is the defining characteristic of a Main Sequence star? A) B) C) D)
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): It is fusing hydrogen into
helium in its core.
Correct answer(s): It is fusing hydrogen into helium in its core.
It is fusing helium into carbon in its core.
There are no longer any fusion reactions in its core..
It is yellow.
Question 4 (1803117):What is the temperature of the Suns photosphere? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): About 6,000 C
Correct answer(s): We have no idea, since we are unable to descend to the core to measure the
temperature.
About 6,000 C
15 million degrees C
Question 5 (1803112):How is the mass of a star determined directly? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): By observing its orbital period about its companion
star.
Correct answer(s): By measuring the absolute magnitude. The brighter the star, the more
massive.
By measuring its temperature. The hotter the star, the more massive.
By observing its orbital period about its companion star.
It is not possible to directly determine the mass of a star.
Question 6 (1803113):How do the masses of stars on the upper-left corner of the H-R diagram
compare to the masses of stars at the lower-right of the H-R diagram? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): They are more massive.
Correct answer(s): They are more massive.
They are less massive.
They are about the same mass.
There is no way to tell the difference.
Question 7 (1803101):What is meant by the size of a telescope? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The diameter of the objective lens or primary mirror.
Correct answer(s): The diameter of the objective lens or primary mirror.

The storage capacity of the electronic sensors.

The length of the tube.
The distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens.
Question 8 (1803131):Massive stars will end their lives in an explosion called a
______________. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Supernova
Correct answer(s): Planetary Nebula
Supernova
Big Bang
Neutron Star
Question 9 (1803077):Which of the following lists the layers of the Sun in order from innermost
to outermost. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Core, Radiation
Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona.
Correct answer(s): Nucleus, Convection Zone, Radiation Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere,
Corona.
Core, Photosphere, Radiation Zone, Convection Zone, Chromosphere, Corona.
Corona, Chromosphere, Photosphere, Convective Zone, Radiative Zone, Core.
Core, Radiation Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona.
Question 10 (1803087):An event horizon is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): the barrier around a black hole through which no information about the black
hole can pass.
Correct answer(s): the barrier around a black hole through which no information about the black
hole can pass.
the sphere around a black hole that demarks the point at which the escape velocity is equivalent
to the speed of light.
the region around a black hole that is located one Schwarzchild radius from the center of the
black hole.
All of the above.
Question 11 (1803104):Which of the following lists the spectral-types of the four most common
colors of stars in order from coolest to hottest? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): M, K, A, B
Correct answer(s): B, A, K, M
M, K, B, A
M, K, A, B
B, K, M, A
Question 12 (1803085):A Pulsar is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): A Neutron star is emitting radio waves while rapidly rotating.
Correct answer(s): An accretion disk around a Black Hole
A Neutron star is emitting radio waves while rapidly rotating.
A rapidly rotating White Dwarf
A Red Giant as it progresses through the various stages of core fusion.

Question 13 (1803076):What is the energy source for Main Sequence stars? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Thermonuclear fusion of Hydrogen into
Helium.
Correct answer(s): Thermonuclear fusion of Helium into Carbon.
Thermonuclear fusion of Hydrogen into Helium.
Chemical burning of coal and/or oil.
Supernova explosions in their cores.
Question 14 (1803057):About how many Earths could fit across the diameter of the Sun?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 100
Correct answer(s): 10
100
1000
One Million.
Question 15 (1803093):What type of electromagnetic wave comes from the highest temperature
sources? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): X-Rays
Correct answer(s): X-Rays
Visible
Infrared
Radio
Question 16 (1803126):When core Hydrogen fusion stops and the Helium core contracts, the star
becomes a Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Red Giant
Correct answer(s): Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Red Dwarf
Red Giant
Question 17 (1803106):If other stars in table 9.1 (textbook) are more luminous than Sirius, how
can Sirius appear the brightest of all stars? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): It is closer than most stars.
Correct answer(s): It is much further away than most stars.
It must be much bigger than the other stars.
It is closer than most stars.
The question does not make sense because Sirius does NOT appear bright.
Question 18 (1803050):Two stars in our sky have the same apparent magnitude. We know that
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): they may be at different
distances, in which case the farther one must have the greater luminosity.
Correct answer(s): they must have the same temperature.
they must be at the same distance away from us.
they may be at different distances, in which case the farther one must have the greater
luminosity.
they may be at different distances, in which case the nearer one must have the greater luminosity.

Question 19 (1803056):Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of spectra?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Photon
Correct answer(s): Thermal or Continuous
Emission
Photon
Absorption
Question 20 (1803103):What two things can be learned from examining the spectrum of a star?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Its temperature and
composition.
Correct answer(s): Its mass and its distance from us.
Its mass and its temperature.
Its distance from us and its composition.
Its temperature and composition.
Question 21 (1803067):What type of star is the Sun? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Main Sequence.
Correct answer(s): Red Giant.
White Dwarf.
Main Sequence.
Planet.
Question 22 (1803048):Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic types of binary star
systems? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Planetary
Correct answer(s): Eclipsing
Visual
Planetary
Spectroscopic
Question 23 (1803081):Which of the following lists five stellar corpses (objects that are the final
stage of a stars life). Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): White
Dwarf, Black Dwarf, Neutron Star, Pulsar, Black Hole
Correct answer(s): Planetary Nebula, Brown Dwarf, Black Hole, Pulsar, Red Dwarf
White Dwarf, Protostar, Red Giant, Red Dwarf, Brown Dwarf
Neutron Star, Pulsar, Black Hole, Charcoal, Carbon
White Dwarf, Black Dwarf, Neutron Star, Pulsar, Black Hole
Question 24 (1803129):For stars with a high enough mass, the core fusion of heavier and heavier
elements will end with the production of Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): Iron
Correct answer(s): Hydrogen
Carbon
Iron
Lead
Question 25 (1803051):Where are the most massive stars to be found in the main sequence of a
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):

The upper, left end.

Correct answer(s): Main sequence stars all have approximately the same mass, by definition.
The lower, right end.
In the center section near to the Sun's position, with lower mass stars on either side.
The upper, left end.
Question 26 (1803124):Main Sequence stars like the Sun are composed mostly of Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Hydrogen
Correct answer(s): Hydrogen
Helium
Carbon
Iron
Question 27 (1803089):Which of the following lists, in correct chronological order, the life
stages of a high-mass star? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Supergiant, Supernova, Neutron Star or Black Hole
Correct answer(s): Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Giant, White Dwarf
Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Supergiant, Supernova, Neutron Star or Black Hole
Brown Dwarf, Main Sequence, Red Giant, White Dwarf
Main Sequence, Red Giant, Neutron Star, Black Hole
Question 28 (1803099):What are the factors involved in good seeing for a telescope?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): All of the above.
Correct answer(s): Low atmospheric turbulence
Minimal light pollution
Thin atmosphere.
All of the above.
Question 29 (1803053):When the spectrum of light from a star is Redshifted, the star must be
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): moving away from you
Correct answer(s): moving toward you
moving away from you
cooling off
ready to explode
Question 30 (1803138):In general, stars that have an Apparent Magnitude that is lower than their
Absolute Magnitude must be Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
closer than 10 parsecs away.
Correct answer(s): closer than 10 parsecs away.
further than 10 parsecs away.
(not enough information to finish this sentence)
Question 31 (1803071):How do we know what processes are occurring at the center of the Sun?
A. B. C. D. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): We construct an
explanation by applying physical laws and theories and we check these theories by performing
experiments in the laboratory as well as analyzing data from Solar observations.
Correct answer(s): We have sent probes into the Sun.

We construct an explanation by applying physical laws and theories and we check these theories
by performing experiments in the laboratory as well as analyzing data from Solar observations.
We simply make a good guess and hope that we are right.
We consult the Oracle at Delphi.
Question 32 (1803061):Why is a sunflower yellow? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): It reflects yellow light.
Correct answer(s): It emits yellow light.
It absorbs yellow light.
It reflects yellow light.
It is hot enough to emit electromagnetic radiation that has its peak wavelength in the yellow part
of the visible spectrum..
Question 33 (1803100):Why must some types of telescopes be placed in orbit? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): To get above the atmospheric absorption.
Correct answer(s): To get closer to the objects being observed.
Because it is darker there.
To get above the atmospheric absorption.
All of the above.
Question 34 (1803059):What is a photon? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): A particle or packet of light.
Correct answer(s): A vibrating electron.
A protostar.
A particle or packet of light.
A kind of spectrum.
Question 35 (1803091):What is the longest wavelength electromagnetic wave? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Radio
Correct answer(s): X-Rays
Visible
Infrared
Radio
Question 36 (1803060):In the full wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation, visible light
occupies what proportion of this possible range? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): a very narrow range.
Correct answer(s): almost the full range between radio and X-rays.
two narrow but separate ranges between ultra-violet and infra-red radiations, the red and the
blue, which mix to give all the other colors.
about half of the possible range.
a very narrow range.
Question 37 (1803119):___________ are examples of quiet solar features. Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Sunspots
Correct answer(s): Sunspots
Solar Prominences

Solar Flares
Granules
Question 38 (1803047):The light-gathering power of a telescope is related directly to
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the area of its primary mirror
or lens.
Correct answer(s): the focal length of its primary mirror or lens.
the image quality of its optics (resolution).
the ratio of the focal lengths of its primary element (mirror or lens) and its eyepiece.
the area of its primary mirror or lens.
Question 39 (1803070):The eventual fate of our Sun is to Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): become a steadily cooling white dwarf.
Correct answer(s): continue life as a main-sequence star for ever.
become a planet.
become a steadily cooling white dwarf.
explode as a supernova, leaving no remnant.
Question 40 (1803110):On the H-R diagram, __________________ stars are hot and bright.
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Blue Giant
Correct answer(s): Middle of the Main Sequence (the Sun)
Red Giant
White Dwarf
Blue Giant
Red Dwarf
Question 41 (1803063):Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding regions of the Sun because
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): they are cooler than the
surrounding surface.
Correct answer(s): they are actually holes in the surface of the Sun.
they are composed of darker substances such as rocks and dirt.
they are cooler than the surrounding surface.
they only appear in our eyes when we stair directly at the Sun. They actually have nothing to do
with the Sun itself.
Question 42 (1803137):Two stars, A and B, have the same Absolute Magnitude. Star A is closer
than star B. Which star has a lower Apparent Magnitude (i.e. which appears brighter)?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Star A.
Correct answer(s): Star A.
Star B.
Question 43 (1803086):How do we detect black holes? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): By examining surrounding material that is affected by the
strong gravitational pull of a black hole.
Correct answer(s): By sending space probes into their vicinity and measuring their motion.
By direct observation.
By examining surrounding material that is affected by the strong gravitational pull of a black

hole.
We cannot detect Black Holes.
Question 44 (1803068):Regarding the lifetime of the Sun Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Sun is half-way through a 10 billion year lifespan.
Correct answer(s): The Sun is half-way through a 10 billion year lifespan.
The Sun is near the end of a 10 billion year lifespan.
The Sun is near the end of a 5 billion year lifespan.
The Sun is about 6 thousand years old.
Question 45 (1803111):On the H-R diagram, __________________ stars are between hot and
cool and between dim and bright. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): Middle of the Main Sequence (the Sun)
Correct answer(s): Middle of the Main Sequence (the Sun)
Red Giant
White Dwarf
Blue Giant
Red Dwarf
Question 46 (1803082):What type of object could be described as almost, but not quite a star?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Brown Dwarf
Correct answer(s): Planet
Red Dwarf
Brown Dwarf
None of the above
Question 47 (1803097):Which is more energetic, a red or a violet photon? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Red
Correct answer(s): Red
Violet
Both are equally energetic.
Question 48 (1803083):When a Red Giant finally throws off about half of its mass into space, it
forms a Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Planetary Nebula
Correct answer(s): Planetary Nebula
Supernova Explosion
Black Hole
Protostar
Question 49 (1803046):Apparent magnitude is a measure of Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the brightness of a star, as seen from the Earth.
Correct answer(s): the luminosity (actual light output) of a star.
the size (diameter) of a star.
the temperature of a star.
the brightness of a star, as seen from the Earth.

Question 50 (1803054):Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages provided by

telescopes? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): They help us get
closer to astronomical objects.
Correct answer(s): They magnify.
They help us get closer to astronomical objects.
They gather more light
They give us the ability to see in wavelengths other than visible.

Test 4.
Question 1 (1872623):The Milky Way galaxy Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): is unique in the Universe in showing definite spiral structure.
Correct answer(s): is one of many billions of galaxies in the Universe.
is unique in the Universe in showing definite spiral structure.
contains the whole Universe; everything observable is within its volume.
is one of only a few spiral galaxies; most other galaxies in the Universe are amorphous
collections of stars shaped like ellipsoids.
Question 2 (1872628):Because of the expansion of space, we see all distant galaxies moving
away from us, with more distant galaxies moving faster. An observer in one of these distant
galaxies would see Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): all
galaxies moving towards the observer, with more distant galaxies moving faster.
Correct answer(s): all galaxies on one side of the observer moving towards the observer and all
galaxies on the other side moving away from the observer, with more distant galaxies moving
faster.
all galaxies moving away from the observer, with more distant galaxies moving faster.
all galaxies moving away from the observer, with closer galaxies moving faster.
all galaxies moving towards the observer, with more distant galaxies moving faster.
Question 3 (1872624):Cepheid-stars, which are examples of Standard Candles, are useful to
astronomers as indicators of Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
distance, particularly to nearby galaxies.
Correct answer(s): the existence of black holes.
distance, particularly to nearby galaxies.
white dwarf star behavior.
stars with very high speed motion.
Question 4 (1872636):Hubbles observation that galaxies farther away from us are moving faster
implies that Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the universe is
expanding.
Correct answer(s): the universe is expanding.
the universe is contracting.

we are located at the center of the universe.

our Galaxy repels other galaxies.
Question 5 (1872643):An underlying theme of astronomy is that Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the fundamental physical laws differ randomly from galaxy
to galaxy, but they can be learned for a given galaxy by detailed observation.
Correct answer(s): the Universe is a hodgepodge of unrelated things, behaving in arbitrary and
unexplainable ways.
the fundamental physical laws which govern the Universe change in a predictable way with
increasing distance from the Earth.
the entire Universe is governed by a single set of fundamental physical laws.
the fundamental physical laws differ randomly from galaxy to galaxy, but they can be learned for
a given galaxy by detailed observation.
Question 6 (1872654):What are found at the centers of most galaxies? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Supermassive Black Holes.
Correct answer(s): Supermassive Black Holes.
Nothing.
Extremely massive, bright stars.
Pulsars
Question 7 (1872650):The Milky Way galaxy is most likely an example of which type of galaxy?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Barred Spiral
Correct answer(s): Spiral
Barred Spiral
Elliptical
Irregular
Question 8 (1872670):Is there life on Mars? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): There is no definitive evidence that life exists or has ever existed on Mars.
Correct answer(s): There is no definitive evidence that life exists or has ever existed on Mars.
Yes, but only in the form of micro-organisms.
There is currently no life on Mars, but there was in the past.
Yes. There is a civilization which has built clearly visible canals to bring water from the melting
ice-caps to the cities and towns speckled across the surface of the planet.
Question 9 (1872663):A quasar is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): an infant galaxy, observed with a long look-back time as it was forming.
Correct answer(s): a supernova explosion in a distant galaxy.
an infant galaxy, observed with a long look-back time as it was forming.
a galaxy that formed purely from dark matter.
The force responsible for the increased expansion rate of the Universe.
Question 10 (1872651):The shape of our galaxy was determined on the inside looking out by
surveying the Milky Way using ____________ telescopes. Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Radio
Correct answer(s): Optical

X-Ray
Radio
Infrared
Question 11 (1872649):Which of the following lists the four types of galaxies identified by
Edwin Hubble. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Spiral,
Barred-Spiral, Elliptical and Irregular
Correct answer(s): Spiral, Barred-Spiral, Elliptical and Irregular
Spiral, Milky Way, Elliptical and Irregular
Elliptical, Quasar, Spiral and Irregular
Elliptical, Irregular, Nebular, Spiral
Question 12 (1872671):In addition to earth and Mars, _________ and _________ are considered
to be promising places in our solar system where life might develop. Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Titan, Europa
Correct answer(s): Mars, Europa
Titan, Europa
Europa, Jupiter
Mars, Venus
Question 13 (1872669):What was produced in the Miller-Urey experiment? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Amino acids
Correct answer(s): Single-celled micro-organisms
Bacteria
Amino acids
Nothing
Question 14 (1872662):What evidence is there for the Big Bang theory? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The presence of Cosmic Microwave Background
radiation, the behavior of subatomic particles in particle physics experiments and the information
received from distant quasars.
Correct answer(s): There is no evidence to support the Big Bang theory.
We can actually witness the moment of the Big Bang by examining images collected by the
Hubble Space Telescope.
The fact that life has emerged on at least one planet is evidence enough that the Big Bang theory
is correct.
The presence of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, the behavior of subatomic particles
in particle physics experiments and the information received from distant quasars.
Question 15 (1872631):What are the Large and Small Magellanic clouds, and the Sagittarius and
Canis Major Dwarfs? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The
nearest galactic neighbors to our own Milky Way Galaxy.
Correct answer(s): The most distant galaxies yet discovered.
The nearest galactic neighbors to our own Milky Way Galaxy.
Supernovae Remnants.
The names of professional womens water polo teams.

Question 16 (1872667):Based on current data, the ultimate fate of the Universe is that
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the Universe will continue to
expand and the expansion rate will continue to increase.
Correct answer(s): the expansion will halt and then reverse, with the Universe ending in a Big
Crunch.
the expansion will eventually halt in an infinite amount of time.
the Universe will continue to expand at the same rate that has been since the Big Bang.
the Universe will continue to expand and the expansion rate will continue to increase.
Question 17 (1872647):The Chapley-Curtis Debate concerned the location of Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Spiral Nebulae.
Correct answer(s): The Milky Way galaxy.
Spiral Nebulae.
The Sun within the Milky Way galaxy.
Center of the Universe.
Question 18 (1872642):The Drake equation attempts to predict Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): the number of intelligent civilizations that exist in the
whole Universe.
Correct answer(s): the probability of primitive life existing elsewhere in our galaxy.
the number of technically advanced civilizations in our galaxy.
the number of inhabitable planets around stars in our galaxy.
the number of intelligent civilizations that exist in the whole Universe.
Question 19 (1872672):The Drake Equation Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): Provides an estimate of how many planets there are in our galaxy that may
harbor technically communicative life-forms.
Correct answer(s): Provides an estimate of how many planets there are in the Universe that may
harbor technically communicative life-forms.
Provides an estimate of how many planets there are in the Solar System that may harbor
technically communicative life-forms.
Provides an estimate of how many planets there are in our galaxy that may harbor life-forms of
any kind, no matter how primitive they may be.
Provides an estimate of how many planets there are in our galaxy that may harbor technically
communicative life-forms.
Question 20 (1872657):The Universe is ______________ years old. Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): 13.7 billion
Correct answer(s): 18 billion
13.7 billion
6,000
an infinite number of
Question 21 (1872630):The Hubble relation links which two characteristics of distant objects in
the universe? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Distance and
velocity of recession.
Correct answer(s): Stellar mass and luminosity.

State of organization and age of clusters of stars.

Distance and velocity of recession.
Luminosity and surface temperature.
Question 22 (1872629):To an astronomer, what is a "standard candle"? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Any type of object whose absolute magnitude is
known.
Correct answer(s): Any type of object whose absolute magnitude is known.
A standard light source that is placed in a telescope, to which the brightness of stars and other
objects can be compared.
An accurately defined brightness scale for stars and galaxies, such as the magnitude scale.
Any galaxy whose mass has been measured accurately.
Question 23 (1872653):On the Hubble distance ladder, which technique is useful for determining
the distance to an object located beyond 15 million parsecs away. Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Measuring the period of variable stars and applying the
Period-Luminosity relationship.
Correct answer(s): Radar
Hubbles Law
Measuring the period of variable stars and applying the Period-Luminosity relationship.
Parallax
Question 24 (1872640):What is the cosmological principal? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The idea that the matter in the Universe is more or less
evenly distributed, without a center or an edge and it should appear the same when viewed from
anywhere within it.
Correct answer(s): The idea that we are located at the center of the Universe.
The idea that the Universe is quite boring.
The idea that we can never understand the Universe.
The idea that the matter in the Universe is more or less evenly distributed, without a center or an
edge and it should appear the same when viewed from anywhere within it.
Question 25 (1872627):What is an elliptical galaxy? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): A galaxy with an elliptical outline and a smooth distribution of brightness
(no spiral arms).
Correct answer(s): A galaxy with an elliptical outline and a smooth distribution of brightness (no
spiral arms).
A spiral galaxy seen from an angle, giving it an elliptical profile.
Any galaxy with an elliptical halo when observed at radio wavelengths.
A spiral galaxy with an elliptically shaped nuclear bulge and the spiral arms starting from the
ends of the ellipse.
Question 26 (1872634):Consider three widely separated galaxies in an expanding universe.
Imagine that you are located in galaxy 1 and observe that both galaxies 2 and 3 are moving away
from you. If you asked an observer in galaxy 3 to describe how galaxy 2 appears to move, what
would he or she say? (Hint: You may find it helpful to refer to the activity titled Expansion of

the Universe, which you will find on pages 133-134 in your activity workbook, Lecture
Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy by Prather et. al.)

Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Galaxy 2 is moving toward
me.
Correct answer(s): Galaxy 2 is not moving.
Galaxy 2 is moving toward me.
Galaxy 2 is moving away from me.
Question 27 (1872664):The inflation period was proposed Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): because the Universe has a very uniform temperature
profile and matter seems to have clumped into galaxies leaving mostly empty space.
Correct answer(s): to account for the observed expansion of the Universe.
as a joke to ridicule those scientists who insist that the Universe is steady state.
because the Universe has a very uniform temperature profile and matter seems to have clumped
into galaxies leaving mostly empty space.
to counteract Einsteins cosmological constant.
Question 28 (1872668):Why do some believe that the Universe is fine-tuned for life?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Because many of the
fundamental constants of nature, in a Universe where life emerged, are fine-tuned to the extent
that if they were different by even a very small amount, life would not have emerged at all.
Correct answer(s): Because we humans must have a reason for being here.
Because intelligent life must be the ultimate goal of any Universe designed by a supreme being.
Because many of the fundamental constants of nature, in a Universe where life emerged, are
fine-tuned to the extent that if they were different by even a very small amount, life would not
have emerged at all.
Because many of the fundamental constants of nature are changing as the Universe gets older
and we know that these constants changed right at the time that life was emerging on Earth.
Question 29 (1872660):According to the Big Bang Theory, the density and temperature of the
Universe is ___________ now than in the past. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00
Your Answer(s): lower
Correct answer(s): higher
lower
about the same
(all of the above)
Question 30 (1872625):The one component of the material of the Milky Way Galaxy that
prevents us from seeing and photographing the galactic center at optical wavelengths is
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): interstellar dust.
Correct answer(s): very cold hydrogen gas.
interstellar dust.

the glare of light from nearby stars.

hot hydrogen gas.
Question 31 (1872641):To what do the letters SETI refer? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence.
Correct answer(s): Search for Extra-Terrestrial Invaders.
Sourcebook of Extrasensory Transient Incidents.
Search for Evidence of Terrestrial-planet Inhabitants.
Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence.
Question 32 (1872638):According to modern ideas and observations, what can be said about the
location of the center of our expanding universe? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): The universe does not have a center.
Correct answer(s): Earth is at the center.
The Sun is at the center.
The Milky Way Galaxy is at the center.
The universe does not have a center.
Question 33 (1872645):Where was the Sun located in the first maps of the Milky Way Galaxy?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): At the center.
Correct answer(s): At the center.
Near the Edge of the disk.
In the galactic halo.
Near the top of the nuclear bulge.
Question 34 (1872674):The letters SETI stand for the Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00
/ 1.00 Your Answer(s): Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence
Correct answer(s): Search for Extra-Terrestrial Invaders.
Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence
Sourcebook of Extrasensory Transient Incidents.
Search for Evidence of Terrestrial-planet Inhabitants.
Question 35 (1872633):There are two galaxies shown here. Are they the same type?

Type:Multiple

Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Yes

Correct answer(s): Yes
No
Question 36 (1872661):What happened before the Big Bang? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): From a theoretical standpoint, the question is meaningless
since time itself was created at the Big Bang.
Correct answer(s): There was a Big Crunch of the previous Universe.
Something exploded.
From a theoretical standpoint, the question is meaningless since time itself was created at the Big
Bang.
A black hole formed followed by its disintegration and subsequent explosion.
Question 37 (1872675):Project SETI has been ongoing for about ________ years and has so far
communicated with __________ other civilizations. Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 /
1.00 Your Answer(s): 50, zero
Correct answer(s): 10, zero
2,000, several
50, zero
100, 2
Question 38 (1872626):How was the Suns location in the galaxy determined? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:0.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): By counting the stars in all directions.
Correct answer(s): By mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galactic halo.
By counting the stars in all directions.
It was a guess.
By examining photographs of the galaxy from above and locating the Sun in that photograph.
Question 39 (1872655):What is the cosmological redshift? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The stretching of the wavelength of light that occurs by
virtue of the fact that cosmic background photons have been traveling through space, which is
itself expanding, for billions of years.
Correct answer(s): The redshifting of light due to the motion of the emitting object away from
the observer.
The redshifting of light due to the motion of the emitting object away from the observer.
The stretching of the wavelength of light that occurs by virtue of the fact that cosmic background
photons have been traveling through space, which is itself expanding, for billions of years.
The slope of the plot of galaxy recessional velocity vs. distance.
Question 40 (1872639):According to recent data, what is the fate of the Universe? Type:Multiple
Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Universe will continue to expand and its
expansion rate will continue to increase.
Correct answer(s): The Universe will continue to expand and its expansion rate will continue to
increase.
The expansion will slowly stop and reverse and the Universe will end in a Big Crunch.
The Universe is not actually expanding. Everything will remain as it is forever.
Gosh, I dont know.

Question 41 (1872644):Where are we? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): On a small planet orbiting an average star half way out from the center of an average
galaxy traveling in an expanding Universe among many hundreds of billions of other galaxies.
Correct answer(s): At the center of the Universe.
At the edge of the Universe.
On a small planet orbiting an average star half way out from the center of an average galaxy
traveling in an expanding Universe among many hundreds of billions of other galaxies.
Nowhere.
Question 42 (1872637):What is the name of the theory that describes the history and fate of the
Universe?? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): The Big Bang
Theory.
Correct answer(s): The Nebular Theory.
The General Theory of Relativity.
The Big Bang Theory.
The Theory of Everything.
Question 43 (1872673):The most likely method of communication with extra-terrestrial lifeforms is probably through Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s):
Radio
Correct answer(s): Radio
Interstellar space travel (spacecraft).
Smoke Signals.
Question 44 (1872632):Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of galaxies?
Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Hubble
Correct answer(s): Spiral
Hubble
Elliptical
Irregular
Question 45 (1872666):Dark Energy is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): the repulsive force responsible for the increasing expansion rate of the Universe.
Correct answer(s): the repulsive force responsible for the increasing expansion rate of the
Universe.
The attractive force, like gravity, that will eventually pull everything together in a Big Crunch.
unseen mass that accounts for the observed orbital velocities of stars in rotating galaxies and in
the behavior of galactic clusters.
not real. There is no evidence for its existence.
Question 46 (1872665):Dark matter is Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your
Answer(s): unseen mass that accounts for the observed orbital velocities of stars in rotating
galaxies and in the behavior of galactic clusters.
Correct answer(s): anything that reflects very little light or no light at all.
composed of atoms and molecules that are inside gaseous nebulae.
not real. There is no evidence for its existence.

unseen mass that accounts for the observed orbital velocities of stars in rotating galaxies and in
the behavior of galactic clusters.
Question 47 (1872676):What are the chances that radio transmissions from Earth or messages
sent on distant space probes will ever be received by living beings? Type:Multiple Choice Points
awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Very low.
Correct answer(s): About 50%.
Extremely high.
Very low.
Question 48 (1872648):How was the Shapley-Curtis Debate resolved? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): Astronomer Edwin Hubble was able to determine
that the distance to a variable star in the Andromeda nebula was over a million light-years away.
Correct answer(s): The debate has yet to be resolved.
Harlow Shapley won the debate stating that the Spiral Nebulae were within our own Milky way
galaxy.
Herber Curtis won the debate by stating that the Spiral Nebulae were independent galaxies.
Astronomer Edwin Hubble was able to determine that the distance to a variable star in the
Andromeda nebula was over a million light-years away.
Question 49 (1872658):How do we estimate the age of the Universe? Type:Multiple Choice
Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): By measuring the recession velocities and the
distances of distant galaxies and noticing that these parameters are intimately related to time.
Correct answer(s): By observing the rotation rate of spiral galaxies and determining when they
must have begun to rotate.
By reading ancient texts, which instruct us on the origin of the Universe.
By examining the spectra of Cepheid Variable stars in neighboring galaxies.
By measuring the recession velocities and the distances of distant galaxies and noticing that these
parameters are intimately related to time.
Question 50 (1872635):How do we know that galaxies farther away from us are moving faster
than nearby galaxies? Type:Multiple Choice Points awarded:1.00 / 1.00 Your Answer(s): by
measuring the redshifts of galaxies
Correct answer(s): by measuring the masses of galaxies
by measuring the redshifts of galaxies
by measuring the brightness of galaxies
by measuring the sizes of galaxies