Histria da Alemanha

A regio da Alemanha foi inicialmente habitada por tribos finesas e, em seguida, pelos celtas. Porm, estes ltimos foram expulsos
para regies ocidentais pelas tribas germnicas (brbaros) que chegaram ao territrio por volta de 800 AC.
O mais poderoso dos estados, fundado na Glia pelos germnicos no incio da Idade Mdia, o reino dos francos, foi erguido por
Carlos Magno.
Aps o tratado de Verdun (845), passou a existir o reino da Germnia. Independente, este reino tornou-se uma monarquia eletiva.
Em 936, o imperador germnico Otho, o Grande, conquistou regies na Itlia, aumentando sua influncia junto ao estado papal.
Usou este poder para fazer-se coroar imperador. A Alemanha passou a ser chamada de sacro Imprio Romano Germnico.
A autoridade dos imperadores germnicos, na Idade Mdia, era apenas simblica, pois a Alemanha passou a ser apenas uma
espcie de estado feudal. Os senhores feudais possuiam o poder de fato na regio, decidindo sobre as aes polticas, jurdicas e
econmicas em seus feudos.
No sculo XVI, durante a reforma protestante, a Alemanha foi abalada pelas lutas religiosas. Seu territrio foi praticamente
dividido em duas partes: Alemanha do Norte (protestante) e Alemanha do Sul (catlica).
No comeo do sculo XIX a regio foi conquistada pelos franceses sob o comando de Napoleo Bonaparte. O sacro Imprio
Romano Germnico foi abolido e em seu lugar foi criada a Confederao do Reno, que foi dissolvida pelo Congresso de Viena e
reconstituda em novas bases com o nome de Confederao Germnica (1815).
No final do sculo XIX a Alemanha foi unificada, formando um estado, com a atuao diplomtica do chanceler Otto von
Bismarck.
Entre os anos de 1914 e 1918, a Alemanha, em conjunto com o Imprio Austro-Hngaro e Itlia, formaram a Trplice Aliana na
Primeira Guerra Mundial. Derrotada, a Alemanha condenada, pelo Tratado de Versalhes, a pagar os prejuzos de guerra, perdeu
territrios e teve suas foras armadas reduzidas.
Na dcada de 1930, Hitler assumiu o poder na Alemanha e implanta o nazismo. Investiu pesado no militarismo, conduzindo a
Alemanha, em 1939, Segunda Guerra Mundial, em conjunto com Itlia e Japo. Mais uma vez derrotada, a Alemanha saiu
arrasada do conflito.
Aps a Segunda Guerra, a Alemanha foi dividida em duas partes: Alemanha Ocidental (capitalista) e Oriental (socialista). A
reunificao ocorreu apenas em 1990, com a queda do Muro de Berlim e a crise do socialismo.
Although the formal reunification was officially completed on 3 October 1990, the "inner reunification" of the formerly divided country is still
an ongoing process to this very day.
The Germans are known for many things; one of them is beer. Beer is an important part of their culture and
heritage, with over 1300 different breweries spread across the country. As far as per capita beer consumption, the
German people are only behind the Czechs and the Irish. The history of German beer goes back to the beginnings
of the country when monks began to experiment with brewing around 1000 A.D. Eventually, brewing became very
profitable for the monks and the country's leaders began to legislate the production of the beer. The most famous
and influential factor to effect German brewing came in 1516 with the Bavarian Reinheitsgebot, or the purity
requirement. The Bavarian Reinheitsgebot was ordered by Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria to help
ensure that Bavarian beers were only of the highest quality. The regulation states that beers
should only be made of barley, hops, and water. The Reinheitsgebot is the oldest regulation put
on food in the world and has not been changed in nearly 500 years. The only addition to the
act is the adding of yeast to the list of vital ingredients. Brewers in the past before that had just
used the yeast found naturally in the air. Because of the strict code of quality followed by the
purity requirement, Bavarian breweries were soon considered the superior producers of beer.
As the news about the Bavarian breweries spread across the country other manufacturers
began to adhere to the act as well. As a result of the Reinheitsgebot, German beers have a
long-standing reputation of making quality beers made from only the purest ingredients. As
time went on and Germany began to export beer, some cities became famous brewing spots.
The city of Bremen had over 600 breweries in it by 1500 and was the leading exporter of beer
to Holland, Scandinavia, England, and even as far as India. Einbeck and
Braunschweig were two more famous brewing cities. In modern Germany,
most of the nation's beer-drinking citizens still prefer fabbier, or draught beer, over bottled
beer because of it's robust taste and perfect amount of head foam. Used still today, German
beer steins came into use about the time the purity requirement came along in an effort to
prevent further outbreaks of the bubonic plague.
During the time of the black plague, Germany started many laws to prevent its citizens from
getting sick. Large amounts of infected flies would land in people's food and spread the

disease. This led to the stein, a beverage container with a hinged lid that could be operated with the thumb so a
person could prevent disease and still be able to drink with one hand. As people began to realize the plague
spread in unsanitary conditions with stagnant water, beer consumption went up exponentially. German beer
steins were originally made of stoneware with pewter lids. As the pewter guild grew, steins began to be made
entirely of pewter and stayed that way for over 300 years. Eventually, porcelain and silver steins were introduced
and are still manufactured today.The Germans are known for many things; one of them is beer. Beer is an
important part of their culture and heritage, with over 1300 different breweries spread across the country. As far
as per capita beer consumption, the German people are only behind the Czechs and the Irish. The history of
German beer goes back to the beginnings of the country when monks began to experiment with brewing around
1000 A.D. Eventually, brewing became very profitable for the monks and the country's leaders began to legislate
the production of the beer. The most famous and influential factor to effect German brewing came in 1516 with
the Bavarian Reinheitsgebot, or the purity requirement.
DADOS PRINCIPAIS
REA: 356.733 km
CAPITAL DA ALEMANHA: Berlim
POPULAO ALEM: 82,4 milhes (estimativa 2005)
MOEDA: Euro - EUR
NOME OFICIAL: REPBLICA FEDERAL DA ALEMANHA (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
NACIONALIDADE: alem
DATA NACIONAL: 3 de outubro (Reunificao da Alemanha).
HINO DA ALEMANHA
GEOGRAFIA DA ALEMANHA:
MAPA DA ALEMANHA
LOCALIZAO: centro-norte da Europa
FUSO HORRIO: + 4 horas em relao Braslia
CLIMA DA ALEMANHA: temperado
CIDADES DA ALEMANHA (PRINCIPAIS): Berlim, Hamburgo, Munique, Colnia, Frankfurt-am-Main, Dusseldorf, Hanver,
Stuttgart, Dortmund, Bremen
COMPOSIO DA POPULAO: alemes e outros europeus 96,3%, turcos 2,1%, asiticos 1%, africanos 0,3% e americanos
0,2% (estimativa de 2007).
IDIOMAS: alemo (oficial) e dialetos regionais.
RELIGIO: cristianismo 85,1% (catlicos 42,9%, luteranos 41,6%, calvinistas 0,6%), islamismo 2,7%, judasmo 0,1%, outras
12,1% (censo de 1993) (ex-Alemanha Ocidental) (1987); cristianismo 54% (protestantes 47%, catlicos 7%), sem filiao 46% (exAlemanha Oriental) (censo de 1990)
DENSIDADE DEMOGRFICA: 230,9 hab./km2 (estimativa de 2005)
CRESCIMENTO DEMOGRFICO: 0,1% ao ano (1995-2000)
TAXA DE ANALFABETISMO: menor do que 5% (censo de 2000).
RENDA PER CAPITA: US$ 33.854 (estimativa 2005).
ECONOMIA DA ALEMANHA :
Produtos Agrcolas: batata, beterraba, cevada, trigo
Pecuria: bovinos, sunos, ovinos, aves
Minerao: carvo, linhito, sais de potssio, turfa.
Indstria: equipamentos de transporte, mquinas (no eltricas), alimentcia, qumica e automobilstica.