16th century

Dagami Revolt (1565-1567)

Main article: Dagami Revolt
The Dagami Revolt was a revolt against Spanish colonial rule led by
the Lumad rebel, Dagami, in the island of Mactan in the Philippines, in 1567.
[1]

Lakandula and Soliman|Sulayman Revolt (1574)

The Lakandula and Soliman|Sulayman Revolt, also known as
the Tagalog Revolt, was an uprising in 1574 against Spanish colonial rule
led by Lakandula and Rajah Solimanin Tondo Manila. The revolt occurred in
the same year as the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet
poorly defended enclosure of Intramuros. This Revolt was caused by losing
Soliman and Lakandula's kingdom when they were defeated by Miguel Lopez
de Legazpi to accept the Spanish sovereignty on the promise that they would
be well-treated by the Spaniards and would still retain some of their royal
and political powers.
When Governor General Lavezaris replaced Legaspi, he revoked their
exemptions from paying tribute and confiscated their lands. Father Martin
convinced Lakandula and Soliman to abort the revolt and promised to grant
their privileges. Nevertheless, Solaiman continued his revolt which was
brutally crushed in 1574.
Pampanga Revolt (1585)
The Pampanga Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some
native Kapampangan leaders who resented the Spanish landowners,
or encomenderos who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances
as tribal chiefs|Datus. The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros, but the
conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to
a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and
Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera, and
the leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed by Christian
Cruz-Herrera.
Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (1587-1588)
Main article: Conspiracy of the Maharlikas
The Conspiracy of the Maharllikas, or the Tondo Conspiracy, of 15871588, was a plot against the Spanish colonial rule by the kin-related
noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga. It

was led by Agustin de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, and his first

cousin, Martin Panga. The datus swore to revolt. The uprising failed when
they were denounced to the Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao
(Susabau) of Calamianes, in Palawan.[2]
Revolts Against the Tribute (1589)
The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against the Tribute occurred on
Luzon in the present-day provinces of Cagayan and Ilocos Norte in
1589. Ilocanos, Ibanags and other Filipinos revolted against alleged abuses
by the tax collectors, including the collection of high taxes. It began when six
tax collectors who had arrived from Vigan were killed by the
natives. Governor-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial
troops to pacify the rebels. The rebels were eventually pardoned and the
Philippine tax system reformed.[3][4]
Magalat Revolt (1596)
Main article: Magalat Revolt
The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in 1596, led by Magalat, a rebel
from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against
the Spanish. He was later released after some urging by some Dominican
priests, and returned to Cagayan. Together with his brother, he urged the
entire country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities against his
fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon
controlled the countryside, and the Spanish eventually found themselves
besieged.
The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmn sent Pedro de
Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops. They fought
successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders
under Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified
headquarters by his own men.[5]
17th century
Igorot Revolt (1601)
Main article: Igorot Revolt
By order of then Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmn an
expedition was sent to the Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes
with the aid of Padre Esteban Marin. Marin, the curate of Ilocos at that time,
who tried to initially convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to
Catholicism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in Igorot

dialect to advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the
Governor-General sent Captain Aranda with Spanish and Lumad foot soldiers,
who used brute force and had the Igorot villages cooled in his rage for the
gain of the friar. The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of extreme
measures and executed them quickly to dispel the revolt in the Cordillera
region.[6]
The Chinese Revolt of 1603
Main article: Sangley Rebellion
In 1603, at least 30,000 Chinese merchants were slaughtered and in Luzon
Chinese officials and civilians were killed without authority by what The Ming
Shi-lu (, Mng shl) describes as the barbarian Spanish chieftain of
Luzon during that time. The surviving Chinese fled to Wawa, or what is now
known as Guagua, this atrocity is known in Chinese history as the Luzon
Tragedy (, L sng cn n). The Chinese inhabitants of Manila set fire
to Legarda and Binondo and for a time threatened to capture
theMoro stronghold in Intramuros.
Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622)
Main article: Tamblot Uprising
The Tamblot Revolt or Tamblot Uprising was a religious uprising in the
island of Bohol, led by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in
1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the Boholanos to the
Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow
Boholanos to return to the old belief of their forefathers.[7]
The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the
feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It was finally crushed on New Year's Day, in
1622. Tamblot was executed and his head was severed on a pike to serve as
a warning to the populace.
Bancao Revolt (1621-1622)
The Bancao Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led
by Bancao, the datu of Carigara, in the present-day Carigara Philippine
province of Leyte.
Bancao had warmly received Miguel Lpez de Legazpi as his guest, when he
first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a Catholic in his
youth, he abandoned this faith in later years. With a babaylan, or religious
leader named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and

pressed six towns to rise up in revolt. Similar to theTamblot Uprising, Pagali

used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the
Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them.
Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu,
Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops, to suppress
the rebellion. Bancao's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and
displayed to the public as a stern warning. One of his sons was also
beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other
followers were executed by firing squad which the Spanish already possessed
at that time. Other historical sources/accounts reports The Bancao Revolt as
the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (16211622)
dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was known only a decade after Magellan
landed in Limasawa in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards
the end of the 16th century.
Itneg Revolt (1625-1627)
The Itneg Revolt, or the Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising against
Spanish colonial rule led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan, the two was
previously baptized as Catholics against their will are from the Itneg or
Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The
region is now part of the landlocked province ofApayao. Miguel Lanab and
Alababan murdered, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries,
Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by the
Spanish colonial government to convert the Itneg people to Christianity. After
cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs.
Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Itnegs to loot, desecrate Catholic
images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the
mountains.
In 1626, Governor-General Fernndo de Silva sent Spanish and foot soldier
colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other
sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.
Ladia Revolt(1643)
Main article: Ladia Revolt
Pedro Ladia was a Moro Bornean and a self-claimed descendant
of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643. At that time, his land was
confiscated by the Spanish and he thought that it was about time that they
stage an uprising and put himself as King of the Tagalogs. This was despite

the fact that a parish priest tried to convince him not to pursue his plans.
Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.
Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50)
In the town of Palapag today in Northern Samar, Agustin Sumuroy, a Waray,
and some of his followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649 over the polo y
servicio or forced labor system being undertaken in Samar. This is known as
the Sumuroy Revolt, named after Agustin Sumuroy.
The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not
to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do their forced labor.
However, under orders of the various town alcaldes, or mayors,
The Waray were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo, which
sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the
revolt eventually spread to Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas,
especially in places such
as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay,Camarines and parts of
northern Mindanao, such as Surigao. A rebel government was successfully
established in the mountains of Samar.
The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big
setback to the revolt. His trusted co conspirator David Dula sustained the
quest for freedom with greater vigor but in one of a fierce battles several
years later, he was wounded, captured and later executed in Palapag,
Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants.
Maniago/Pampanga Revolt (1660-1661)
The Maniago Revolt was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660s. It was a
revolt against the Spanish during the colonial period and was named after its
leader, Francisco Maniago. During that time, Pampanga drew most of the
attention from the Spanish religious Orders because of its relative wealth.
They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation.
They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were
not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience
was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their
campsite on fire. The fight soon began and because the Spaniards were busy
fighting against the Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans.
Maniago was very clever and was able to make his fellows believe in the idea
of attaining freedom if they revolt. He succeeded not only in the attempt of
having his natives believe in his speeches but also the Pangasineses,

Cagayanons and the Ilocanos. But sometimes, Maniago lied and exaggerated
his claims to boost their confidence. He once told his followers that a group
of Pamapangos entered Manila and killed all the Spaniards there. However,
he was very confident that he can actually persuade the chieftains of each
town in Pampanga to kill the Spaniards and free the province from them.
Although their motives were already executed, a Spanish governor
named Sabiniano Manrique de Lara was able to neutralize the rebellion by
using the "divide and rule" trick. He began with a "show of force" directed at
Macabebe, one of the more affluent towns in the province at that time. The
Macabebe was intimidated and became friendly towards the Spaniards, who
responded in the same way. This strategy was also done to other towns in
the province and in the end, Maniago and his followers did not have a choice
but to agree in making peace with Governor de Lara. The Governor also
tricked Maniago into leaving Manila with a bribe of being appointed as a
master of camp in the Pampango regiment in the city. Maniago was never
heard from again and according to one account[by whom?], he was shot months
later in Mexico, Pampanga. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much
bigger and even bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man
named Andres Malong who had heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against
the Spaniards.
Malong Revolt (1660-1661)
The Revolt of Malong in 1660, under the leadership of Andres Malong, a
native of Binalatongan (San Carlos), the people rose up in arms.
Almazan Revolt (January 1661) See also: Pedro Almazan
A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was the Ilocos Revolt led by
Don Pedro Almazan, illustrious and wealthy leader from San Nicolas, Laoag,
Ilocos Norte. The letters sent by Don Andres Malong ("King of Pangasinan")
narrating the defeat of the Spaniards in his area and urging other provinces
to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives. During the
revolt, Don Pedro Almazan proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was later
captured and executed. He also had a son which the Ilocanos proclaimed
their prince
Chinese Revolt of 1662
Fearing an invasion of Chinese led by the famous pirate Koxinga, the
garrisons around Manila were reinforced. An increasing anti-Chinese
sentiment grew within much of the population. In the end, the invasion did

not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the

Manila.
Panay Revolt (1663)
The Panay Revolt was a religious uprising in 1663 that involved Tapar, a
native of the island of Panay, who wanted to establish a religious cult in the
town of Oton. He attracted some followers with his stories about his frequent
conversations with a demon. Tapar and his men were killed in a bloody
skirmish against Spanish and colonial foot soldier troops and their corpses
were impaled on stakes.
Zambal Revolt (1681-1683)
A group of chieftains from Zambales had refused to accept the authority of
the Crown over their realm and staged a revolt. The Spanish were very swift
to respond and sent a colonial force of 6,000 foot soldiers to suppress the
uprising. After 2 years of conflict, the Spanish had pacified the entire area of
Zambales and all of the chieftains who participated in the revolt were
executed.
18th century
Agrarian Revolt of 1745
The Agrarian Revolt was a revolt undertaken between the years 1745 and
1746 in much of the present-day CALABARZON (specifically
in Batangas, Laguna and Cavite) and in Bulacan, with its first sparks in the
towns of Lian and Nasugbu in Batangas. Indigenous landowners rose in arms
over the land-grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with
native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the
basis of ancestral domain. The refusal of the Spanish priests resulted in
much rioting, resulting in massive looting of convents and arson of churches
and ranches. The case was eventually investigated by Spanish officials and
was even heard in the court ofFerdinand VI in which he ordered the priests to
return the lands they seized. The priests were successfully able to appeal the
return of lands back to the natives, which resulted in no land being returned
to native landowners.
Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829)
Main article: Dagohoy Rebellion
In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as
the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and his followers.

This revolt is unique since it is the only revolt completely related to matters
of religious customs, although unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, it is not a
complete religious rebellion. After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died,
the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial,
since dueling is a mortal sin. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the
longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the
establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general,
from Juan Arrechederra toMariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca, failed to stop the
revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was
defeated by Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in
1828 and 1829, failed as well. Dagohoy died two years before the revolt
ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000
survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in
new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan,
Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian and Sevilla (Cabulao).
Silang Revolt (1762-1763)
Arguably one of the most famous revolts in Philippine history is the Silang
Revolt from 1762 to 1763, led by the couple of Diego Silang and Gabriela
Silang. Unlike the other revolts, this revolt took place during the British
invasion of Manila. On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang declared the
independence of Ilocandia, naming the state "Free Ilocos" and
proclaimed Vigan the capital of this newly independent state. The British
heard about this revolt in Manila and even asked the help of Silang in fighting
the Spanish. However, Silang was killed on May 28, 1763 by Miguel Vicos, a
friend of Silang. The Spanish authorities paid for his murder, leading to his
death in the arms of his wife, Gabriela. She continued her husband's
struggle, earning the title "Joan of Arc of the Ilocos" because of her many
victories in battle. The battles of the Silang revolt are a prime example of the
use of divide et impera, since Spanish troops largely used Kampampangan
soldiers to fight the Ilocanos. Eventually, the revolt ended with the defeat of
the Ilocanos. Gabriela Silang was executed by Spanish authorities in Vigan on
September 10, 1763.
Palaris Revolt (1762-1764)
During the British Invasion of the Philippines during the Seven Years' War, the
Spanish colonial government, including Villacorta, had relocated to Bacolor in
the province of Pampanga, which was then adjacent to Pangasinan. It was at
this time that the principalia of Binalatongan protested the abuses

committed by the provincial governor. The town leaders demanded that the
governor be removed and that the colonial government stop collecting taxes
since the islands were already under the British at that time. But GovernorGeneral Simon de Anda dismissed the demands and the revolt broke out in
November 1762. The name of de la Cruz, who began to be known as Palaris ,
emerged as one of the leaders of the revolt, along with his brother Colet,
Andrs Lpez, and Juan de Vera Oncantin.
By December, all Spanish officials, except the Dominican friars who were in
charge of the Catholic mission, had left Pangasinan. The Spanish colonial
government had to deal with the British invaders and the simultaneous
Silang Revolt, led by Diego Silang, in the neighboring province of Ilocos in the
north. (The present-day province of La Union was still part of Pangasinan and
Ilocos.)At the battle of Agno, he faced on March 1, 1763 the Spanish forces
under the command of Alfonso de Arayat, who led a composite troop of
Spanish soldiers and Indios loyal to Spain. Arayat withdrew after losing much
of his Indio loyalists.Pangasinenses took over all official functions and
controlled the province up to the Agno River, the natural boundary between
Pangasinan and neighboring Pampanga in the south. (The present-day
province of Tarlac was still part of Pampanga.)At the height of the uprising,
Palaris commanded 10,000 men. He was also in communication with Silang,
with whom he was coordinating a bigger offensive against the Spanish.
However, the Seven Years' War ended on February 10, 1763 with the signing
of the Treaty of Paris (1763) in Paris, France. Also, Silang was assassinated on
May 28, 1763 by an Indio under the employ of the friars. The Spanish were
then able to focus on the uprising and mustered forces to surround
Palaris.The Spanish friars, who were allowed to stay in the province, also
started a campaign to persuade Pangasinan residents of the futility of the
Palaris Revolt.
By March 1764, most of the province had already fallen, leaving Palaris no
escape route except through Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea in the
west. He chose to stay inPangasinan and hid among his supporters.But his
presence terrified his protectors and his own sister Simeona, who was
apparently threatened by the Spanish clergy, betrayed him to Agustn
Matias, the gobernadorcillo (mayor) of the razed Binalatongan.Palaris was
arrested on January 16, 1765 and brought to the provincial capital of
Lingayen for trial. While in detention, he confessed being the principal leader
of the revolt. He was convicted and hanged on February 26, 1765

19th century
Basi Revolt (1807)
Basi Revolt Monument with Marker 02
The Basi Revolt, also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, was a revolt
undertaken from September 16 to 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo and
Salarogo Ambaristo (though some sources refer to a single person named
Pedro Ambaristo), with its events occurring in the present-day town
of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the
Ilocanos' love for basi, or sugarcane wine. In 1786, the Spanish colonial
government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively
banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before
expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However,
wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the
revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish
led troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with
much force and loss of life on the losing side. A series of 14 paintings on the
Basi Revolt by Esteban Pichay Villanueva currently hangs at the Ilocos Sur
National Museum in Vigan City. The event is immortalized and
commemorated in the Basi Revolt Monument located along the highway of
Piddig.
Novales Revolt (1823)
Main article: Andrs Novales
Novales later grew discontented with the way Spanish authorities treated
the Creoles. His discontent climaxed when peninsulares were shipped to the
Philippines to replace Creole officers. He found sympathy of many Creoles,
including Luis Rodriguez Varela, the Conde Indio. As punishment to the rising
sense of discontentment, many military officers and public officials were
exiled. One of them was Novales, who was exiled to Mindanao to fight
the Moro. However, Novales was not stopped to secretly return to Manila. On
the night of June 1, 1823, Novales along with a certain sub-lieutenant Ruiz
and other subordinates in the King's Regiment, went out to start a revolt.
Along with 800 Indigenous natives in which his sergeants recruited, they
seized the royal palace (palacio del gobernador), the Manila Cathedral, the
city's cabildo (city hall) and other important government buildings in
Intramuros. Failing to find governor general Juan Antonio Martnez, they killed
the lieutenant governor and former governor general, Mariano Fernandez de

Folgueras. Folgueras was the one that suggested Spain to replace Creole
officers with peninsulars. The soldiers shouted, "Long live the Emperor
Novales!" (Viva el Emperador Novales).
Surprisingly, the townsfolk followed Novales and his troops as they marched
into Manila. They eventually failed to seize Fort Santiago because Antonio
Novales, his brother who commanded the citadel, refused to open its gates.
Learning that Fort Santiago was still holding out the rebels, soldiers were
rushed to the fort. Novales himself was caught hiding under Puerta Real by
Spanish led soldiers. At 5:00 pm of June 2, Novales was killed with Ruiz and
21 sergeants by firing squad in a garden near Puerta del Postigo. At his last
minute, he declared that he and his comrades shall set an example of
fighting for freedom. Antonio was also included in the execution, since he
was the brother of Andres. However, the people pleaded for his freedom for
he saved the government from being overthrown. Antonio went mad after
the ordeal, yet receiving a monthly pension of 14 pesos.
Palmero Conspiracy (1828)
Main article: Palmero Conspiracy
The Palmero Conspiracy in 1828 was a failed plot to overthrow the Spanish
colonial government in the Philippines. The Spanish government suppressed
further information on this conspiracy. In 1823, an order was from Spain
declared that military officers commissioned in the Peninsula (Spain) should
have precedence of all those appointed in the Colonies. This was the reaction
of Madrid to the series of wars against Spanish rule that was known as
the Spanish American wars of independence; Many Creole military officers
were outranked by their Peninsular counterparts.
In 1828, matters became worse when public officials, mainly provincial
governors, were also being replaced by Peninsulars. In the same year, two
Palmero brothers, members of a prominent clan in the Philippines, along with
other people from both the military and the civil service, planned to seize the
government. Such was the prominence of the Palmeros, one of whose most
famous descendants was Marcelo Azcrraga Palmero, that when the Spanish
government discovered the plan, they thought it would be wise not to report
it to the public. The plot itself would embarrass the government since the
conspirators were Spaniards themselves and it would seem that Spaniards
themselves would want to overthrow the power of Spain in the country. The
main conspirators were exiled.
Pule Revolt (1840-1843)

One of the most famous religious revolts is the Pule Revolt, more formally
known as the Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule. Undertaken between June
1840 and November 1841, this revolt was led by Apolinario de la Cruz,
otherwise known as "Hermano Pule". De la Cruz started his own religious
order, the Confraternity of Saint Joseph (Spanish: Confradia de San Jos) in
Lucban, located in the present-day province of Quezon (then called Tayabas),
in June 1840. However, there were two types of priests in the Philippines
then: secular priests, or parish priests, which were usually Indio, and
religious priests, or convent priests, which were usually Spanish. Due to the
concentration of Spanish religious power and authority in the alreadyestablished religious orders (the Augustinians, Jesuits and Franciscans to
name a few) and the concept that Filipino priests should only stay in the
church and not the convent and vice versa (although this was not always
followed), the Spanish government banned the new order, especially due to
its deviation from original Catholic rituals and teachings, such as prayers and
rituals suited for Filipinos. However, thousands of people in Tayabas,
Batangas, Laguna and even Manila already joined.
Because of this, the Spanish government sent in troops to forcibly break up
the order, forcing De la Cruz and his followers to rise in armed revolt in selfdefense. Many bloody battles were fought with the order's last stand in
Mount San Cristobal, near Mount Banahaw, in October 1841. The Spaniards
eventually won, and Apolinario de la Cruz was executed on November 4,
1841 in the then-provincial capital, Tayabas. It did not end there, though.
Many members of the Spanish armed forces' Tayabas regiment, based in
Malate in Manila, had relatives that were members of the order, of which
many of those relatives were also killed in the ensuing violence. On January
20, 1843, the regiment, led by Sergeant Irineo Samaniego, rose in mutiny,
eventually capturing Fort Santiago in Intramuros. The next day, however, the
gates of Fort Santiago were opened by loyalist soldiers. After a bloody battle,
the mutineers were defeated by loyalist troops, resulting in the execution of
Samaniego and 81 of his followers the same day.
Cavite Mutiny (1872)
Main article: Cavite Mutiny

See also: Gomburza

The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was an uprising of military personnel of Fort San
Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippines on January 20, 1872. Around

200 soldiers and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a
national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers
executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning
nationalist movement.