Spring Final Notes & Equation Sheet

Algebra 2 Pre-AP

Unit 7 Logs:
Exponential Function:

ex=a
Natural

Exponential
Function

Logarithmic
Function

bk=N

logbN=k

Domain

(-, )

[0,)

Range

[0,)

(-, )

Asymptote

y=0 ( x-axis)

x=0 (y-axis)

X-int

NONE

(1,0)

Y-int

(0,1)

NONE

Logarithmic
Function:

lnea=
x

No x-intercept.Exp
Range of all real numbers....Log
Y-axis is an asymptote..Log
Has a y-intercept....Log
X-axis is an asymptote..Log
Range is [0,)..............................Exp

Unit 8 Logs 2:
Compound Interest Formula

A=P(1+r/n)nt

Continuously Compounded Interest Formula

A=Pert

Decibel Voltage Gain Formula

D=10logE
E
(E= the output voltage)
(E= the input voltage)

Unit 14:
Pascals Triangle:

*** starts with row 0

(n) denotes the r element in row n of Pascals triangle.

(r)
Synthetic Division:

The second method used to divide polynomials is called synthetic (short) division. This method is only used
when a polynomial is divided by a first degree binomial of the form x-k, where the coefficient of x is 1.

(n) =
(r)

Pascals Triangle
(n=row)
(r=element)

Is

i = I

i = -1

n!
r!(n-r)!
i = -I

i = 1

Unit 15:
Polynomial Functions- Rational Zeros Theorem: Let f be a polynomial with integral coefficients. The only
possible rational zeros of f are p/q where p is a factor of the constant term of f(x) and q is a factor of the
leading coefficient.
Rational Zeros Theorem

factors of constant
factors of leading coefficient

Even Degree & Positive Leading Coefficient

as x +; y +
as x -; y +

Even Degree & Negative Leading Coefficient

as x +; y -
as x -; y -

Odd Degree & Positive Leading Coefficient

as x +; y +
as x -; y -

Odd Degree & Negative Leading Coefficient

as x +; y -
as x -; y +

+ p
- q

Unit 16:
Rational Functions

f(x)=

N(x) & D(x) are POLYNOMIALS

Function

f(x)

Inverse of a function

f(x)

RF
RF

N(x)
D(x)

Vertical Asymptotes

the 0s of the denominator

Horizontal Asymptote: (h.a.)

..n < m h.a. is y=0
..n = m
..n > m NO h.a.

RF

Intercepts:
..y-int
..x-int
RF

Holes

h.a. is y= leading coefficient

leading coefficient
(slant asymptote)...long div. poly.

TO FIND:
let x=0, solve for y
(if any) are the 0s of the numerator
hole if a 0 in num. matches a 0 in denom.
To Determine: simplify func. & plug in the 0

Unit 12:
Distance Formula

d=(x - x) + (y - y)

Midpoint Formula

( (x + x), (y + y) )
2
2

Slope Formula

m= y - y
x - x

Point-Slope Formula (lin. eq.)

y - y = m(x - x)

Slope-Intercept Formula (lin. eq.)

y=mx+b

Name of Formula/Equation

Formula/Equation

Perpendicular Lines

slopes are - reciprocals of each other

Parallel Lines

same slope

Line Tangent to a Circle

touches circle at ONLY 1 point

(perpendicular to the radius at that 1 point)

Perpendicular Bisector Equation

must know midpoint of line and its slope

Standard Form of a Circle

(x - h) + (y - k) = r

center of circle is (h,k); radius of circle is r

Circle (radius r) @ Origin

x + y = r

Find Center of Circle & Radius?

Completing The Square

(in x+y+ax+by+c=0 form)

UNIT 12/13:

Standard Form of a Circle

center of circle is (h,k); radius of circle is r

(x - h) + (y - k) = r

Circle (radius r) @ Origin

x + y = r

Find Center of Circle & Radius?

Completing The Square

(in x+y+ax+by+c=0 form)

Center of Ellipse

midpoint of F and F

Ellipse Standard Form

x + y = 1
a b

Vertices of Ellipse (major axis)

(a,0) and (-a,0)

Co-Vertices of Ellipse (minor axis)

(b,0) and (-b,0)

Foci of Ellipse

(c,0) and (-c,0)

Ellipse Values (equation)

c = a - b

Equation for Conics:

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F =0

An ellipse if
B2 4 AC < 0
A parabola if
B2 4 AC = 0
A hyperbola if B2 4 AC > 0

Unit 17:

Sequence = (,) or (.)

Series = (+)
Arithmetic
Recursive:

a1 = ?

Explicit:

an = a1 + (n-1)d

Sum of the Series:

1)d)

an = an-1 + d

Sn = n/2(a1 + an)

OR

Sn = n/2(2a1 + (n-

Geometric
Recursive:

g1 = ?

Explicit:

gn = g1(rn-1)

Sum of a Finite/Infinite Series:

Sigma Notation:
7

gn = (gn-1)r

Sn = g1 (1-rn)
1-r

OR

Sn =

# of terms

3n + 8 arithmetic explicit
n=1
start term

Unit 18-Trig. Identities:

g1
1-r