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IMPORTANT
SAFETY DISCLAIMER
AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or
systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly
recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with
nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this
standard/guideline.
AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry
practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
Note:
This is a new guideline.
This guideline supersedes AHRI Guideline W-2005.
For I-P, see AHRI Guideline W (I-P)-2014.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
Section 1.
Purpose...........................................................................................................................1
Section 2.
Scope ..............................................................................................................................1
Section 3.
Definitions......................................................................................................................1
Section 4.
Section 5.
Section 6.
Section 7.
Section 8.
Section 9.
Section 10.
TABLES
Table 1.
FIGURES
Figure 1.
APPENDICES
Appendix A. References - Normative ...............................................................................................12
Appendix B. References - Informative..............................................................................................12
Appendix C. Example Specification for Standalone System - Informative ......................................13
Appendix D. Example Specification for Standalone - Coupled System Informative ....................15
Appendix E. Example Specification for Unitized System Informative .........................................17
Appendix F.
Table D1.
Table E1.
Table F1.
Figure D1.
Figure E1.
Figure F1.
Integrated System.........................................................................................................20
Section 2. Scope
2.1
2.2
Applications. This guideline is intended to apply primarily to commercial and institutional applications.
2.3
Exclusions. This guideline does not apply to heat exchangers joined by circulated heat transfer medium (run-around
loop). A run-around loop employs liquid-containing coils connected in a closed loop and placed in each of two or more
airstreams.
Section 3. Definitions
All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminology website
(https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology) unless otherwise defined in this section.
3.1
Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Ventilation Equipment (AAERVE). Energy recovery components and packaged energy
recovery ventilation units which employ Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers to recover energy from exhaust air for the purpose of
pre-conditioning outdoor air prior to supplying the conditioned air to the space, either directly or as part of an airconditioning (to include air heating, air cooling, air circulating, air cleaning, humidifying and dehumidifying) system.
3.2
Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger. A device that transfers heat from an exhaust airstream to a separated supply airstream.
Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers are also referred to as energy recovery components.
3.2.1 Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger. A device employing tubes charged with a fluid for the purpose of transferring
sensible energy from one airstream to another. Heat transfer takes place through the vaporization of the fluid
exposed to the warmer airstream and condensation of the fluid in the cooler airstream.
3.2.2 Plate Heat Exchanger. A device for the purpose of transferring energy (sensible or total) from one airstream
to another with no moving parts. This exchanger may incorporate parallel, cross or counter flow construction or a
combination of these to achieve the energy transfer.
3.2.3 Rotary Heat Exchanger. A device incorporating a rotating cylinder or wheel for the purpose of transferring
energy (sensible or total) from one airstream to the other. It incorporates heat transfer material, a drive mechanism, a
casing or frame, and includes any seals, which are provided to retard the bypassing and leakage of air from one air
stream to the other.
3.3
Airflow.
1
3.4
Economizer. A system of controls and dampers that introduces outside air to a space when the space requires
cooling, and the heat of the outside air is lower than the heat of the space.
3.4.1
Sensible Only. A system that utilizes an outdoor air sensor that measures outdoor dry-bulb temperature
only. If the space has a cooling requirement, outside air will be used if the outdoor dry-bulb temperature is less than
or equal to the control setpoint.
3.4.2
Enthalpy. A system that utilizes an outdoor sensor that measures the total heat (both the sensible and
latent) of the outside air. If the space has a cooling requirement, outside air will be used to cool the space if the total
heat of the outside air is less than or equal to the control setpoint.
3.5
Effectiveness. A ratio of the actual energy transfer (sensible, latent, or total) to the product of the minimum energy
capacity rate and the maximum difference in temperature, humidity ratio, or enthalpy (refer to AHRI Standard 1061 (SI)).
3.6
Entering Air Conditions. The dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature that is entering the space on a standalone system,
or entering the air-conditioning system on integrated, standalone-coupled or unitized systems. These conditions typically
replace the outdoor air conditions in most design load software programs. These are also referred to as the Tempered
Outside Air conditions. On standalone systems these are also referred to as Supply Airflow conditions.
3.7
Exhaust Air Transfer Ratio (EATR). The tracer gas concentration difference between the Leaving Supply Airflow
and the Entering Supply Airflow divided by the tracer gas concentration difference between the Entering Exhaust Airflow
and the Entering Supply Airflow at the 100% rated airflows, expressed as a percentage (refer to AHRI Standard 1061 (SI)).
3.8
Net Building Load. The total calculated space conditioning energy required for a building including the impact of
energy recovery. This is the total building load less the total energy recovered from the exhaust air. The Net Building Load
may be calculated for both heating and cooling design conditions.
3.8.1 Example. Total building cooling load is 700 kW including outside air without the AAERVE. The AAERVE
reduced the outdoor air load by 250 kW. The Net Building Load is 450 kW (700 kW 250 kW).
3.9
Net Effectiveness. The Effectiveness adjusted to account for that portion of the psychrometric change in the Leaving
Supply Airflow that is the result of leakage of Entering Exhaust Airflow rather than exchange of heat or moisture between the
airstreams. The derivation of Net Effectiveness is given in AHRI Standard 1061 (SI) Appendix C.
3.10
Net Zone Load. The total space conditioning energy required for a particular Zone of a building including the
impact of energy recovery. This is the Total Zone Load less the total energy recovered from the exhaust air for the Zone by
the AAERVE. The Total Zone Load may be calculated for both cooling and heating design conditions.
3.10.1 Example. Total zone cooling load is 70 kW including outside air without the AAERVE. The AAERVE
reduced the outdoor air load by 25 kW. The Net Zone Load is 45 kW (70 kW 25 kW).
3.11
Net Supply Airflow. That portion of the Leaving Supply Airflow that originated as Entering Supply Airflow. The
Net Supply Airflow is determined by subtracting air transferred from the exhaust side of the heat exchanger from the gross
airflow measured at the Supply Airflow leaving the heat exchanger as shown in AHRI Standard 1061 (SI).
3.12
Outdoor Air Correction Factor (OACF). The ratio of the Entering Supply Airflow to the measured (gross) Leaving
Supply Airflow.
3.13
Published Rating. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics at stated Rating
Conditions, by which a unit may be chosen for its application. These values apply to all AAERVE of like size and type
(identification) produced by the same manufacturer. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance
characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer,
at stated Rating Conditions.
3.13.1 Application Rating. A rating based on tests performed at application Rating Conditions (other than Standard
Rating Conditions).
3.13.2 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions as defined in AHRI
Standard 1061 (SI).
3.14
Purge. The removal of exhaust air that may be carried to the supply (intake) airstream by a Rotary Heat Exchanger.
It is accomplished by shunting a portion of the supply air back into the exhaust air.
3.15
Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which
cause only that level of performance to occur.
3.15.1 Standard Rating Conditions.
characteristics.
3.16
Should. Should is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice.
3.17
Station. The location in the test apparatus at which conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure, or Airflow
are measured for each of the Airflows defined in Section 3.3 and shown in Figure 1. These locations are identified as
Station 1, Station 2, Station 3 and Station 4.
3.18
Tempered Outside Air. The leaving supply air from the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger. The Tempered Outside Air
conditions typically replace the outdoor air conditions in most design load software programs. This is also referred to as
Entering Air.
3.19
Total Building Load. The total calculated space conditioning requirements for a building.
3.20
Total Zone Load. The total calculated space conditioning requirements for a specific Zone, including its interior heat
sources and sinks (people, lights, computers, refrigerated cases, etc.), infiltration, outdoor air ventilation load, solar load, and
orientation. The Total Zone Load may be calculated for both cooling and heating design conditions.
3
Integrated Systems.
4.1.1
Air-handling System. An integrated air-handling system has the air-handling unit manufactured with the
Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger installed as part of the air handler. This system does not require a separate duct system
because it utilizes the air-conditioning units duct system.
4.1.2
Packaged System. An integrated packaged system has the air-conditioning unit manufactured with the Airto-Air Heat Exchanger component installed as part of the unit. This system does not require a separate duct system
because it utilizes the air-conditioning units duct system.
4.2
Standalone System. A standalone system utilizes the AAERVE in a configuration that has a totally separate duct
system (for the supply air and the exhaust air) from any other air-conditioning system in the building.
4.3
Standalone Coupled System. A standalone coupled system utilizes the AAERVE in a configuration that has part or
all of the AAERVE air (supply or exhaust) ducted to the duct system of an air-conditioning system.
4.4
Unitized System. A unitized system has an AAERVE accessory attached directly to the air-conditioning equipment,
typically in the field. This system does not require a separate duct system.
Re-circulation.
5.1.3.1 Return Air Re-circulation. Return air is substituted, in whole or in part, for outside air passing
through the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger for defrost purposes.
5.1.3.2 Exhaust Air Re-circulation. Exhaust air leaving the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger is substituted, in
whole or in part, for outside air passing through the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger for defrost purposes.
5.1.4.3 Tilt Mechanism. For Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers relying solely or in part on gravity for liquid
refrigerant transport. The tilt angle is changed, reducing Effectiveness until the frosting threshold is avoided;
or the tilt angle is reversed, effectively stopping heat transfer.
5.1.4.4 Cold Corner Damper or Traversing Defrost. For Plate Heat Exchangers, outdoor air is prevented
from entering a portion of the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger to enable the exhaust air energy to defrost that
section of the component.
5.2 Condensation Removal. Means of removing condensate may be required. If so, observe applicable codes for piping
and trapping of condensate drain(s).
Modulation. All the above methods can be controlled to provide partial or modulated Economizer function.
7.3 Exhaust Air Relief. Barometric relief or power exhaust is often provided in conjunction with Economizers. The
exhaust fan in the AAERVE may be able to provide or assist with this function. This should be considered in design.
7.4 AAERVE Shut Down. When a separate air economizer is provided, the control system should shut down the
AAERVEs supply air stream at a minimum and typically also the AAERVEs exhaust air stream.
Ventilation Standard. The designer is referred to the latest ventilation standard for information on:
8.2.2.1 Outside air ventilation volumes consistent with good indoor air quality for various building types
8.3.2.2 Consideration of equipment design and construction details which may have an impact on indoor air
quality, including removal of standing water, rain entrainment, and airstream surfaces.
8.2.3
Energy Standard. The designer is referred to the latest energy standard for information on:
8.2.3.1 Guidance on building and climate types for which application of AAERVE has been shown to be
both energy-saving and cost-effective.
8.2.3.2 Requirements for minimum effectiveness and maximum input fan power consistent with the above
guidance. The definition of effectiveness in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 is currently different than the definition
of Effectiveness in this guideline.
8.3
Climate. The location of the building may determine the type of AAERVE required. The temperature and humidity
conditions should be considered when determining the system to be used.
8.4
8.5
Building Air-conditioning System. The air-conditioning system type utilized in the building structure will influence
which AAERVE system will be easiest to install and maintain.
8.6
Building Outdoor Air Requirements. The required amount of outside air will affect the size and design of the
AAERVE.
8.7
Building Outdoor Air Intake Location. The location of the outdoor air intake should be considered. Never use
outdoor air from an area that generates contaminated air. Examples of this are (1) areas where idling cars, trucks, or buses
are abundant, (2) a processing facility that produces odors, and (3) restaurants kitchen (grease) exhaust areas.
8.8
Building Inside Air Conditions. The quality of the air inside the building may be important to the selection and
design of the AAERVE. If the quality of the exhaust air is objectionable, the EATR should be evaluated. The EATR may be
minimized through technology selection, mechanical purge, and/or pressure management. Separate spaces that must remain
absolutely separated due to concerns for smoking odor transfer, for example, should be treated with different systems. When
exhaust air presents a safety hazard and is not acceptable for recirculation in any amount, the use of AAERVE may not be
advisable. Table 1 provides a summary of classes of air as they are treated in ASHRAE Standard 62.1.
9.2
Determine Actual Airflow. After selecting the equipment to be used, determine the airflows required with
consideration of the EATR and OACF ratings. It should be noted that for a particular application the actual airflows may be
different than those determined in Section 9.1 above. The results are the final airflows for the selected equipment.
9.3
Determine Effectiveness and Fresh Air Delivery Conditions. After selecting the equipment to be used, determine the
Effectiveness and fresh air delivery conditions of the AAERVE as it will be applied.
Note: Consult published literature or software from the proposed manufacturer of the AAERVE for assistance.
AAERVE Requirements.
10.1.1 Energy Recovery Performance and Effectiveness. Specify either sensible or enthalpy type recovery device
with the desired Effectiveness. Enthalpy devices should be used where it is advantageous to conserve or reject
9
10
10.2.11 Outdoor Air Requirement. Specify the amount of outdoor air to be brought into the conditioned space. On
integrated, standalone-coupled, or unitized systems the outdoor air should not exceed the air-conditioning systems
standard m3/s capacities.
10.2.12 Airflow Verification. Specify the procedure for verifying the amount of outdoor air and exhaust air. This
information should be part of the commissioning of the building.
10.2.13 Electrical. Specify the voltage, phase, and amperage requirements for the AAERVE low voltage control
interface..
10.2.14 Ducts. Specify the type and size of ducts to be used, along with the method of insulating and sealing the
ducts. When tempered outside air or exhaust air leaving the AAERVE is ducted through a conditioned space, ducts
should be properly insulated and sealed to prevent energy loss and or formation of condensate or frost. Similar
cautions apply to ducts carrying conditioned air and located outside of the building envelope.
10.2.15 Agency Approvals. Specify the agency approvals required for the Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger and
AAERVE.
11
12
Summer Conditions
Winter Conditions
Supply
Exhaust
HRV-1
Class 2
ABC Inc.
A-1000
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
OACF
Supply Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Winter Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
Net Exhaust Airflow, m3/s
Gross Exhaust Airflow, m3/s
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
ERV-2
Library
ABC Inc.
B-2000
32
23
24
17
71
0
75
67
-17
-18
22
12
71
0
0.47
0.47
1
26 / 21
11 / 2
746
75
67
0.85
0.88
0.96
26 / 19
11 / 5
1,119
460
3 / 60
62
0.47
0.47
746
75
0.80
0.84
1,119
460
3 / 60
50
62
4.8
5.7
10
1, 2, 4
1, 3
13
14
Summer Conditions
Winter Conditions
Supply
Exhaust
HRV-1
AHU-1
ABC Inc.
A-1000
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
OACF
Supply Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Winter Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
ERV-2
RTU-1
ABC Inc.
B-2000
32
23
24
17
71
0
75
67
-17
-18
22
12
71
0
0.47
0.47
1
26 / 21
11 / 2
746
75
67
0.85
0.88
0.96
26 / 19
11 / 5
1,119
460
3 / 60
62
0.47
0.47
746
75
0.80
0.84
1,119
460
3 / 60
50
62
4.8
5.7
10
1, 2, 4
1, 3, 5
15
16
Summer Conditions
Winter Conditions
Supply
Exhaust
HRV-1
AHU-1
ABC Inc.
U-1000
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
OACF
Supply Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Winter Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
ERV-2
RTU-1
ABC Inc.
U-2000
32
23
2
17
71
0
75
67
-17
-18
22
12
71
0
0.47
0.47
1
26 / 21
11 / 2
746
75
67
0.85
0.88
0.96
26 / 19
11 / 5
1,119
460
3 / 60
62
0.47
0.47
746
75
0.80
0.84
1,119
460
3 / 60
50
62
4.8
5.7
10
1, 2, 4
1, 3, 5
17
18
Summer Conditions
Winter Conditions
Supply
Exhaust
HRV-1
Class 2
ABC Inc.
AB120-1000
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Outdoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Outdoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Dry-Bulb, C
Indoor Air Temperature, Wet-Bulb, C
Effectiveness Sensible, %
Effectiveness Latent, %
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
OACF
Supply Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Winter Conditions, Dry-Bulb / Wet-Bulb, C
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
Net Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Gross Outdoor Airflow, m3/s
Watts
Volts
Blower Motor
Phase / Hertz
External Static Pressure, Pa
ERV-2
Library
ABC Inc.
AB240-2000
32
23
24
17
71
0
75
67
-17
-18
22
12
71
0
0.47
0.47
1
26 / 21
11 / 2
746
75
67
0.85
0.88
0.96
26 / 19
11 / 5
1,119
460
3 / 60
62
0.47
0.47
746
75
0.80
0.84
1,119
460
3 / 60
50
62
4.8
5.7
10
1, 2, 4
1, 3, 4
19
20