.

BEF 25903 SEM 2 2013/2014

MECHANICAL SCIENCES PROJECT ASSESMENT
GROUP

MEMBERS

1) ..

2) ..
3) ..
4) ..
5) ..
SECTION
: .
..

LECTURER

1. PLO 1 - Project Report

1
2

Project description
Experimental procedure and
set-up

/ 10
/ 20

Discussion

/ 10

Conclusion

/5

References

/5
Include responsibility of each group

Attachments

/5

member and group planning, and group

member assessment forms.

/55

2. PLO 2 Modern Tool Usage

1

Tools used/ fabrication

/5

Instrumentation involved

/5

Experimental set-up
Technique/tech used in video
capturing
TOTAL

/5

/5
/20

3. PLO 8 Ethics
1

Ethical Behavior

/5

Determining Decision

/5

Impact of decision
Practice ethical behavior as well as have sense of
responsibility towards society
TOTAL

/5

/5
/20

GROUP MEMBER ASSESMENT FORM

BEF 25903 SEM 2 2013/2014
Evaluater Name

Matric No.

..

Group Member

Ethical
Behavior

Determi
ning
Decision

5 4

3 2

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

Signature :
**

5 -

Impact
of
decision

Practice ethical behavior as

well as have sense of
responsibility towards society

..............................................................
Very good

4 - Good

Date :

3 - Moderate

Total/20

.......................................

2 - Weak

1 - Very weak

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GROUP MEMBER ASSESMENT FORM

BEF 25903 SEM 2 2013/2014
Evaluater Name

Matric No.

..

Ethical
Behavior

Determi
ning
Decision

5 4

3 2

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

5 4

3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5

Group Member

Signature :
**

5 -

Impact
of
decision

..............................................................
Very good

INTRODUCTION

4 - Good

3 - Moderate

Practice ethical behavior as

well as have sense of
responsibility towards society

Date :
2 - Weak

.......................................
1 - Very weak

Total/20

A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.
Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, there is a force upon each of the objects.
When the interaction ceases, the two objects no longer experience the force. Forces only exist as a
result of an interaction.
When an object all of a sudden changes its velocity and/or direction, we can always find
an interaction between that object and its surroundings that is responsible for this change. We state
that the surroundings exert a force on the object studied. Under the influence of a force, an object
will accelerate. The force laws allow us to calculate the force acting on a body from the properties
of the body and its environment. The laws of motion are subsequently used to calculate the
acceleration of the object under influence of the force. Force can influence in the change of speed,
velocity, motion, body at rest and shaped.

Newtons Law
1. First Law
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an
external force is applied to it.
2. Second Law (F = ma)
The vector sum of the forces (F) on an object is equal to the mass in of that object
multiplied by the acceleration vector of the object.
3. Third Law
For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Objective

To determine the relationship between acceleration and mass if

force is constant due to Second Law of Newtons.

Hypothesis

If mass of an object becomes bigger thus the object tend to accelerate at

lower rate when the force applied to it is constant.

Constant

: Force applied (F), unit in Newton

Manipulated Variable

: Mass of object (m), unit in kg

Responded Variable

: Acceleration (a), unit in ms-2

Apparatus:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Transformer
Timer
Ticker tape
Trolley
Elastic straps
Wooden block (1kg, 1.5kg, 2.0kg, 2.5kg and 3kg)

Procedure:
1. The apparatus was set up as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1
2. Start the transformer to run the timer.

3. Pull the elastic straps with a constant force to make the trolley accelerate along the runway
to the last point marked.
4. Observe the result on ticker tape.
5. Based on ticker
tape above:

v
Determine the final velocity,

u
0
t (1
Determine initial velocity,

Determine the time of acceleration,

Calculate the acceleration,

6. Fill up the Table 1 as shown below and repeat the experiment by changing the mass of the
wooden block with 1kg, 1.5kg, 2.0kg, 2.5kg and 3kg.
7. Plot the acceleration versus mass graph.

Result:

Force (N)
Mass (kg)
Acceleration
(ms-2)

1.0
10.25

Force is constant. Assume force = 1N

1.5
2.0
2.5

3.0

8.18

4.82

7.08

5.77

Calculation:
When mass = 1.0kg
v1 = L2/0.02

u1 = L1/ 0.02

= 0.053/ 0.02

= 0.012/ 0.02

= 2.65ms-1

= 0.6ms-1

= 0.2s (from ticker tape)

Then, a = (2.65 - 0.6) / 0.2 = 10.25ms-2

When mass = 1.5kg

v2 = L2/0.02

u2 = L1/ 0.02

= 0.047/ 0.02

= 0.011/ 0.02

= 2.35ms-1

= 0.55ms-1

= 0.22s (from ticker tape)

Then, a = (2.35 - 0.55) / 0.22 = 8.18ms-2

When mass = 2.0kg

v3 = L2/0.02

u3 = L1/ 0.02

= 0.044/ 0.02

= 0.01/ 0.02

= 2.20ms-1

= 0.5ms-1

= 0.24s (from ticker tape)

Then, a = (2.20 - 0.5) / 0.24 = 7.08ms-2

When mass = 2.5kg

v4 = L2/0.02

u4 = L1/ 0.02

= 0.039/ 0.02

= 0.009/ 0.02

= 1.95ms-1

= 0.45ms-1

= 0.26s (from ticker tape)

Then, a = (1.95 0.45) / 0.26 = 5.77ms-2

When mass = 3.0kg

v5 = L2/0.02

u5 = L1/ 0.02

= 0.035/ 0.02

= 0.008/ 0.02

= 1.75ms-1

= 0.4ms-1

= 0.28s (from ticker tape)

Then, a = (1.75 0.4) / 0.28 = 4.82ms-2

DISCUSSION
1. Precautions:

a.
b.
c.

Make sure the load (wooden block) that used in the experiment is in correct quantity.
Give the same forces when pulling the trolley by using elastic straps.
The runway must be smooth to avoid the frictional that will cause error to the

d.

experiment.
Start the experiment as soon as the timer started.

2. Sources of error:
a.
b.
c.

Error due to the reaction time for pressing the timer.

Inaccurate mass of the load due to random error.
Different forces act to the trolley when pulling the trolley.

3. Steps to overcome the weakness of the experiment:

a.
b.

Repeat the experiment for a several times to increase the accuracy of the result.
Use the countdown method when conducting the experiment to reduce reaction time
error.

CONCLUSION
a (ms-2)

1/m (kg)

Figure 2: Graph of acceleration versus mass

Based on the graph that we get from the experiment, we can conclude that acceleration is
inversely proportional with mass if the F is constant a
Based on the experiment above, relationship betweent a, F and m:
aF
a
then,
a
a
but the force is 1N measures on the mass which is 1kg, the acceleration is ms-2
a
then, k = 1
Then, F

= ma

Relationship betweent acceleration a, force f, and mass m, using Newtons Second Law.
Force is change on 1kg load, and the acceleration is 1ms-2.
1

= k (1) (1)

= k

Then F

= ma

REFERENCES
1. "Static Equilibrium". Physics Static Equilibrium (forces and torques). University of the
Virgin Islands. Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
2. Fitzpatrick, Richard (2007-01-07). "Newton's third law of motion". Retrieved 2008-01-04.

3. Nave, Carl Rod. "Newton's 2nd Law: Rotation". HyperPhysics. University of Guelph.
Retrieved 2013-10-28.
4. Verma,

H.C.

(2004). Concepts

of

Physics

Vol

1. (2004

Reprint

of

Physics.

Ohio:

ed.).

Bharti

Bhavan. ISBN 8177091875.

5. Parker,

Sybil

(1993).

"Force". Encyclopedia

p. 107. ISBN 0-07-051400-3.

McGraw-Hill.