Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Siklus Penagihan:
Pengujian Pengendalian
dan Tes Substantif
Transaksi
Chapter 14
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Learning Objective 1
Mengidentifikasi akun
dan kelas transaksi
di penjualan dan siklus penagihan.
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Kas di Bank
Piutang Dagang
Saldo Awal Penerimaan kas
Penjualan
Kredit
Retur penjualan
dan potongan
Diskon Kas
diambil
Retur penjualan
dan potongan
Biaya kerugian
piutang
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Cadangan untuk
Piutang tidak tertagih
Penghapusan Saldo Awal
Piutang tidak
tertagih
Retur penjualan
dan cadangan
Estimasi kerugian
Piutang tidak
tertagih
Saldo Akhir
Biaya kerugian
piutang
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Learning Objective 2
Jelaskan fungsi bisnis
dan dokumen yang terkait dan
catatan dalam penjualan dan
siklus penagihan.
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Sales Transaction
Accounts
Sales
Accounts
receivable
Processing
customer orders
Granting credit
Shipping goods
Billing customers
and recording
sales
Customer order
Sales order
Customer order or
sales order
Shipping document
Sales invoice
Sales transaction file
Sales journal or listing
Accounts receivable
master file
Accounts receivable
trial balance
Monthly statements
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Remittance advice
Prelisting of cash
receipts
Cash receipts
transaction file
Cash receipts journal
or listing
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Sales returns
and
allowances
Accounts
receivable
Processing and
recording sales
returns and
allowances
Credit memo
Sales and returns and
allowances journal
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Write-off of Uncollectible
Accounts Transaction
Accounts
Accounts
Writing off
receivable
uncollectible
Allowance for
accounts
uncollectible receivable
accounts
Uncollectible account
authorization from
general journal
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Bad debt
Providing for bad
expense
debts
Allowance for
uncollectible
accounts
General journal
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Granting Credit
Before goods are shipped, a properly
authorized person must approve credit
to the customer for sales on account
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Shipping Goods
This is the first point in the cycle
where company assets are given up
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Learning Objective 3
Memahami pengendalian intern, dan
merancang dan melakukan pengujian
kontrol dan substantif tes
transaksi untuk penjualan.
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Existence (Keberadaan)
Transaksi Penjualan
Test of control (Pengujian Pengendalian) examine
(telaah) sales invoice apakah sesuai dengan bill of
lading dan customer order yang terkait.
Substantive test Auditor harus memperhatikan tiga
jenis misstatements yang sering terjadi:
1. Pencatatan penjualan tanpa pengiriman barang
trace (lacak) dari sales journal entry ke shipping
document
2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Completeness (Kelengkapan)
Transaksi Penjualan
Test of control teliti jumlah dan urutan shipping
documents (yang prenumbered).
Substantive test salah satu prosedur yang efektif
adalah men-trace dari shipping documents (dokumen
pengangkutan) ke sales invoice dan entry dalam sales
journal.
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Classification (Klasifikasi)
Transaksi Penjualan
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Form #36
Sales Adjustment Form
Discount for Damaged
Merchandise
$5
Approval
RS
General Journal
Sales Allowance $5
Acc. Rec.
$5
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A. Existence
B. Completeness
C. Accuracy
D. Classification
E. Timing
F. Posting and Summarization
2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Completeness Transaksi
Penerimaan Kas
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Accuracy Transaksi
Penerimaan Kas
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Classification Transaksi
Penerimaan Kas
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TimingTransaksi Penerimaan
Kas
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Monthly statements
Internal verification procedures
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Transaction-related Audit
Objectives for Sales
Occurrence:
Recorded sales are for shipments actually made.
Completeness:
Existing sales transactions are recorded.
Accuracy:
Recorded sales are for the amount shipped.
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Transaction-related Audit
Objectives for Sales
Posting and summarization:
Sales transactions are correctly included
in the accounts receivable master file.
Classification:
Sales transactions are correctly classified.
Timing:
Sales are recorded on the correct dates.
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Sales
journal
Shipping
document
Duplicate
sales
invoice
General
journal
Accounts
receivable
master file
Completeness
start
2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Existence
start
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Summary of Methodology
for Sales
Transaction-related audit objectives (Column 1)
Key existing controls (Column 2)
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Learning Objective 4
Apply the methodology for controls
over sales transactions to controls
over sales returns and allowances.
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Materiality
Emphasis on objectives
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Learning Objective 5
Understand internal control, and
design and perform tests of
controls and substantive tests
of transactions for cash receipts.
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Learning Objective 6
Apply the methodology for
controls over the sales and
collection cycle to write-offs
of uncollectible accounts
receivable.
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Accounts
Cash in
Receivable
Bank
Sales
Cash receipts
transactions
transactions
Audited by
TOC, STOT, and AP
Ending
balance
Audited by
TOC, STOT, and AP
Ending
balance
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End of Chapter 14
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