1.

The temperature of a gas is to be measured by a thermocouple whose

junction can be approximated as a 1.2-mm-diameter sphere. The
properties of the junction are k =35 W/m . o C, =8560 kg/m3, and Cp=340
J/kg . oC, and the heat transfer coefficient between the junction and the
gas is h=68 W/m2 . oC, Determine how long it will take for the
thermocouple to read 98 percent of the intial temperature difference.
2. Stainless ball bearing (=8000 kg/m 3 , k=15.1 W/m . oC, Cp=0.500
kj/kg .oC, and =3,81.106m2/s) having a diameter of 1.2 cm are to be
quenched in water. The balls leave the oven at a uniform temperature of
950oC and are exposed to air at 30oC for a while before they are dropped
to water. If the temperature of the balls is not to fall below 850 oC prior to
quenching and the heat transfer coefficient in the air is 125 W/m. oC,
determine how long they can stand in the air before being dropped into
the water.
3. An ordinary egg can be approsimated as a 6.5-cm diameter sphere whose
properties are roughly k=0.6 W/m. oC and =0.14x106. The egg is initially
at a uniform temperature of 90C and is dropped into boiling water at 97 0C.
Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h=1400 W/m 2.0C,
determine how long it will take for the center of the egg to reach 75 0C ?
4. A thick wood slab (k=0.17 W/m.0C and =1.28x107m2/s) that is initially at
a uniform temperature of 250C is exposed to hot gases at 5600C for a
period of 9 minutes. The transfer coefficient between the gases and the
wood slab is 36 W/m2.0C. If the ignition temperature of the wood is 450 oC,
determine if the wood will ignite.
5. A solid steel sphere (AISI 1010), 300 mm in diameter, is coated with a
dielectric material layer of thickness 2 mm and thermal conductivity 0.04
W/mK. The coated sphere is initially at a uniform temperature of 500 oC
and is suddenly quenched in a large oil bath for which T =1000C and
h=3300 W/m2K. Estimate the time required for the coated sphere
temperature to reach 1400C. Hint:Neglect the energy effect of energy
storage in the dielectric material, since its thermal capacitance (cV) is
small compared to that of the steel sphere.
6. Steel is sequentially heated and cooled (annealed) to relieve stresses and
to make it less brittle. Consider a 100-mm-thick plate (k=45 W/m K,
=7800 kg/m3 , cp=500 J/kg K) that is initially at unform temperature of
300 oCand is heasted (on both sides) in a gas-fired furnace for which T
=7000 C and h=500 W/m2K. how long will it take for a minimum
temperature of 5500C to be reached in the plate ?
7. A straight fin fabricated from 2024 alulmunium alloy (k = 185 W/mk) has a
base thickness of t=3 mm and a length of L=15 mm. its base temperature
is Tb = 1000C. and it is exposed to a fluid for which T 200 and h = 50
W/m2 K. for the foregoing conditions and a fin of unit width , compare the
fin heat rate, efficiency, and volume for rectangular, triangular, and
parabolic profiles.