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Manajemen Operasional
Chapter 2
Ajeng Arya
041511223011
Jiwanegara
Questions
1. Shell Oil Companys motto People, Planet and Profit is a real-world
implementation of what OSCM concept? Triple bottom line
2. A firms strategy should describe how it intends to create and sustain value
for its current shareholders
3. What is the term used to describe individuals or organizations that are
influenced by the actions of the firm? Stakeholders
4. How often should a company develop and refine the operations and supply
chain strategy?
At least yearly
5. What is the term used to describe product attributes that attract certain
customers and can be used to form the competitive position of a firm?
Competitive dimensions
6. What are the two main competitive dimensions related to product delivery?
Delivery speed and delivery reliability
7. What are the two characteristics of a product or service that define quality?
Design quality and process quality
8. A diagram that shows how a companys strategy is delivered by a set of
supporting activities is called a. activity-system map
9. In implementing supply chain strategy a firm must minimize its total cost
without compromising the needs of its.. customers
10.What is defined as the likelihood of disruption that would impact the ability of
a company to continuously supply products or services? Supply chain risk
11.
Risks caused by natural or manmade disasters, and therefore impossible to
reliably predict, are called. Disruption risks
12.Match the following common risks with the appropriate mitigation strategy.
E Country risks
D Regulatory risk
A Logistics failure
C
Natural disaster
A:
B:
C:
D
:
E:
Units Produced
Hours per Machine
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
2175
1675
2675
2875
307
186
382
307
Number of Machines
Find the average of the monthly productivity figures (units per machine hour).
Average productivity
= (2175 / 307x4) + (1675 / 186x6) + (2675 / 382x5) +
(2875 / 307x6)
4 (month)
= (2175 /1228 + 1675/1116 + 2675/1910 + 2875/1842)
4
= (1.77+1.50+1.40+1.56)
4
= 1.56 units per machine hour
15.Sailmaster makes high-performance sails for competitive windsurfers. Below
is information about the inputs and outputs for one model, the Windy 2000.
Units sold
1,224
Sale price each
$ 1,707
Total labor hours
46,681
Wage rate
$ 12/hour
Total materials
$ 60,500
Total energy
$ 4,012
Calculate the productivity in sales revenue/labor expense.
Sales revenue = 1,224 x 1,707 = $ 2,089,368
Labor expense = 46,681 x 12 = $ 560,712
16.Live Trap Corporation received the data below for its rodent cage production
unit. Find the total productivity?
Output
Input
49,000 cages
Production time
Wages
$31,500
$15,250
Units sold =
49,000
((644 x $7.90) + 31,500 + 15,250)
= 1.00 units sold per dollar input
Dollars of sales =
(49,000 x 3.9)
((644 x $7.90) + 31,500 + 15,250)
= 3.6 dollars in sales per dollar input
17.Two types of cars (Deluxe and Limited) were produced by a car manufacturer
last year. Quantities sold, price per unit, and labor hours follow. What is the
labor productivity for each car? Explain the problem(s) associated with the
labor productivity.
Deluxe car
Limited car
Labor,
Deluxe
Labor,
Limited
QUANTITY
3,255 units
sold
6,150 units
sold
20,700 hours
$/UNIT
$8,300/car
25,000 hours
$13/hour
$9,800/car
$11/hour
Output
in Units
3,255
Input
in Labor Hours
20,700
Productivity
(Output/Input)
0.15 units/hour
6,150
25,000
0.24 units/hour
Output
in Dollars
3,255($8,30
0)=
$27,016,500
Input
in Dollars
20,700($11.00)=
$227,000
Productivity
(Output/Input)
119.01
6,150($9,80
0)=
$60,270,000
25,000($13.00)=
$325,000
185.44
U.S.
LDC
Sales (units)
90,000
20,010
Labor (hours)
20,105
15,120
Raw materials (currency) $19,550
FC 21,000
Capital equipment (hours)
63,000
5,120
a.
Calculate partial labor and capital productivity figures for the parent and
subsidiary. Do the results seem misleading?
Labor Productivity
Country
U.S.
LDC
Output
in Units
90,000
20,010
Input
in Hours
Productivity
(Output/Input)
20,105
4.47 units/hour
15,120
1.32 units/hour
Input
in Hours
Productivity
(Output/Input)
Output
in Units
U.S.
90,000
63,000
1.43 units/hour
LDC
20,010
5,120
3.91 units/hour
Yes. You might expect the capital equipment productivity measure to be higher in
the U.S. than in a LDC. Also, the measures seem contradictory. Each plant
appears to be far more productive than the other on one measure, but much
worse on the other.
b. Compute the multifactor productivity figures for labor and capital
together. Do the results make more sense?
Multifactor Labor and Capital Equipment
Country
Output
in Units
U.S.
90,000
LDC
20,010
Input
in Hours
20,105 + 63,000=
83,105
15,120 + 5,120=
20,240
Productivity
(Output/Input)
1.08 units/hour
0.99 units/hour
Yes, labor and equipment can be substituted for each other. Therefore, this
multifactor measure is a better indicator of productivity in this instance.
c. Calculate raw material productivity figures (units/$ where $1 = FC 10).
Explain why these figures might be greater in the subsidiary.
Raw Material Productivity
Country
Output
in Units
Input
in Dollars
Productivity
(Output/Input)
U.S.
90,000
$20,105
4.47 units/$
LDC
20,010
FC 15,120/$10 =
$1,512
13.23 units/$
The raw material productivity measures might be greater in the LDC due to a
reduced cost paid for raw materials, which is typical of LDCs, especially if there
are local sources for the raw materials.
19.
Various financial data for the past two years follow. Calculate the total
productivity measure and the partial measures for labor, capital, and raw
materials for this company for both years. What do these measures tell you
about this company?
Output:
Input:
Last Year
This Year
$201,005
$202,015
Labor
30,010
40,010
Raw materials34,775
44,785
Energy
4,870
5,890
Capital
49,700
49,700
Other
1,870
3,005
Sales
Total Productivity
Year
Last Year
This Year
Output
in Dollars
Input
in Dollars
Productivity
(Output/Input)
$201,005
$30,010 + 34,775
+ 4,870 + 49,700
+ 1,870 =
$121,225
1.66
$202,015
$40,010 + 44,785
+ 5,890 + 49,700
+3,005 =
$143,390
1.41
Output
in Dollars
Last Year
$201,005
This Year
$202,015
Input
in Dollars
$30,010
Productivity
(Output/Input)
$40,010
5.04
Input
in Dollars
$34,775
Productivity
`(Output/Input)
$44,785
4.51
Input
Productivity
6.69
Output
in Dollars
Last Year
$201,005
This Year
$202,015
5.78
Output
in Dollars
Last Year
$201,005
This Year
$202,015
in Dollars
$49,700
(Output/Input)
$49,700
4.06
4.04
Output
in Units
2600
Input
in Hours
25(2)40 = 2000
Productivity
(Output/Input)
1.3
Army
5567
37(3)40 = 4440
1.25
Output
in
Dollars
Input
in Hours
April
$45,100
May
$55,200
(8(40)+7(13))*
4 = 1644
1892
Productivi
ty
(Output/In
put)
27.43
Percentage Change
29.17
(29,17-27,43)/27,43 =
6.34%
22.A parcel delivery company delivered 103,700 packages last year, when its
average employment was 82 drivers. This year the firm handled 112,780
Year
Input
in
Drivers
82
Productivity
(Output/Inpu
t)
1264.63
Percentage Change
Last
Output
in
Packages
103,700
This
112,780
93
1212.68
Output in
Hamburger
Equivalents
Input
in Hours
Productivity
(Output/Inp
ut)
2324
200
11.62
2225
200
11.128