Synopsis

Project Title : Camless Engine Using Electronic System for Actuation.

Abstract:
The engines powering todays vehicles whether they burn gasoline or diesel fuel rely on a
system of valves to admit fuel and air into the cylinder and the exhaust gases to escape after
combustion.

Cam has been an integral part of internal combustion engine from its invention. Cam controls
the breathing channels of the IC engines and hence maintains constant valve timing. The
problem in using cam shafts is being major power wastage in accelerating and decelerating
the components of the valve train. Friction of camshafts, springs, cam belts etc., also robs us
of precious power and worsens fuel economy not to mention contributing to wear and tear. In
response to the needs of improved engines some mechanical or hydraulic devices have been
designed to achieve some variable valve timing and to reduce the disadvantages accompanied
with the usage of cams.

Most four-stroke piston engines today employ one or more camshafts operated poppet valves.
The lobes on the camshafts operate cam followers which in turn open the poppet valves. A
cam less (or, free valve engine) uses electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators to
open the poppet valves instead. Actuators can be used to both open and close the valves, or
an actuator opens the valve while a spring closes it.

INTRODUCTION

In the cam less valve train, the valve motion is controlled directly by a valve actuator
theres no camshaft or connecting mechanisms .Precise electro hydraulic cam less valve train
controls the valve operations, opening, closing etc. The seminar looks at the working of the
electro hydraulic cam less engine, its general features and benefits over conventional engines
Since the invention of engine and till now four stroke IC engines are working on cam-shaft
mechanism. Hence cams form concomitant factor of an engine. Cam is an integral part of an
engine as it controls valve actuation which in turn is responsible for supply of air-fuel

mixture into the combustion chamber and for the removal of exhaust gases from the
combustion chamber.
Although a significant numbers of engine valve-actuation systems including cam-based and
cam less mechanisms have been already introduced by several researches and companies,
only few types of these systems (mainly cam-based) have been employed on commercial
vehicles due to the liability, durability and cost issues. Although cam-based valve systems
offer more reliable and durable functionality, the cam less valve trains can vary valve lift and
timings to a greater extent comparing to the cam-based types. Among various categories of
cam less mechanisms, the electro-hydraulic valve actuation system is the most repeatable and
durable one.
. This project work looks at the working of the electro hydraulic cam less engine, its general
features and benefits over conventional engines.

Objectives:

Using Electrical Actuators

The vital components used here are the sensors, the electronic control unit and the actuator.
Mainly five sensors are used in connection with the valve operation. One for sensing the
Speed of the engine, one for sensing the load on the engine, exhaust gas sensor, valve
position sensor and current sensor. The sensors will send signals to the electronic control unit.

The electronic control unit consists of a microprocessor, which is provided with a software
algorithm. The microprocessor issues signals to the solid-state circuitry based on this
algorithm, which in turn controls the actuator, to function according to the requirements.