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5>7I< ? ? 9!7!B B 7 7 ? 6 C <3 9 EC <7 33 <<MW ; ;5 7 3 3 7 9 E ? ;7 98@C <!7 = 8@; 7:7 C 9C 6&< F= A 9 =C </G 9 B4 9=>A< 8:=@71 = 3 ;4 4L1 A B 6 9!? 4 A 3 =K7&1>1 7 3 324 19 8:A 61 ? 94 7 3 D 7:41>< 7A 3@; 4 9 8:8:41 59 7 9 D6 9 T? ;9!9 C B 4 9
;9 =3 <4 G6 ; 9 34 7= 726 <:7 6B 7 7; ;? 3C 93 C 9 G<@9 4 P C= 4 7*=@B 1>7 <6 3 7*; 9 F C 4 4 3 6G < 73 727*3 C 9 F4 7 1 3 19 8:9 7@7 =< 7; 4*3 4 E 7< 98:C 4 9 6C 9 T F 7*7 3 < 3 D 4 7E = 9 <; 9H3 9 ? Q AIRHfA 9 =I3 9E C 7 T 9 9C < 4 8@6 4:7 39 =<W
8:4 ; 4I9 =LA =K^ A 9 B 4>RMf A>C C 7 ? ? 9 E < 8@7 = ; 7M? 9&? ; A>B 9 7 3 <IW 9 628:4 ; 4I9 =[< C C 7 6 7 3 < G 9 4 = 7:B 92A =
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9 =>B 9 eOE 79 B3/A>6 <:U < GS 9 A 4 7 =>? < ; 8@<@7C =4 ;=>4:B 9C G 4 9 4=>= ? 97B 7= 3 7 < 6; 1 4>9 J < 6 = <@4 3 7 D 9 4 N= 7*! B 7 6 ? 97@<@C C 4 4 =>= B ; 97 G = 9 4A =; 4:9HB 9 =I9HF ; A < = 6 7G 9 34 7 =>D < 9 48@= 7 7 = R ; 4
9 <M7 3 C 9 44 3? 8:; < 7= = ; ;7@7/7@B 1>< 6< 3<*92C < A 6O3 EE <*< 6 B4 39 7"D! A +3 <$ # g JHR gC 4J 3C 3T 9 7*? 1>7/W 4 C=>4 B ? 7 ; =9 ; ; A 7@9 ; < < 9
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=>< 8:$!7 =>= <M; 4MB B9 ? 9OC SA>A ? ?7 9 ? 4 ; = 4:7@; 9B 1>7 4M6 7*B 9O7 S< A>G 9< 4 G =>9 4< =8:9O7 C = T ; 7*4
D 7@W 4 E< 6O7 3 B =>9H< F = A 4@4 3 9 9H6HBF A 7 =D G6 9O9 4 ? =>C 4< 8@1 9O7 B= 9O; 4MS A B 7 9H? A; 4M=LC < 4 G 3 9 ?4 4 N
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9!C 6&4 =>=>; <M3 B < 9 E=>G 49? 4 69 ;;= <I4 7*3 B9 B 4L7 9 B3 = 7A 9D 3; 9 7@< 8@= 6 7;7:7MR C 9 4 6!=>S B A>9 G< 9 6 4 7M= 9926!B E 927 93 C7 4 D 6 9 4L8:7:< C BC 77 66 7 U3 < < A JO; 41>E 4 7 3 9 ; C < 4 =>6 4>B JH4 ?7@W 921>9 =[4 ? ?A 9 =>5 <L9 6 7MB 9? >D ; A>7 3B 7 9 =< 3; 77
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6 D <IA 9 6/9C B4 ; <1 3 ; 1< 4 9=>3<:?7:9 8:; E 4 <4 3 3;9 4[93 <M9 C B =7@97 7 62< 3 C;4 C7 D 78@< 6 ;7 1><M3 4
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W 3 g<<IBR A B4I9 X!? B 1>9&? 49O< ? < 8@9 G? 9?8:4 A = 98:? 7 ? 7@JH9 4 ? B =9/A 7:7MW=>? S ? 7 CA C 7 7@4 6 =>; C 4
BT 4I7*B 9269 6H<M7 D? 6 <37 <8@D BD 9 4M7@=>< ;B 37 9O7@8:< 9 1>8:6&4 C8@3 < < 9 ? 6? 4I7:? 9 49< =[= 7*C 3 A <E 928:< 39 N69
6C 9 7= B 7 7 < = 3 ;8:7 8:7 = 7 ; = 7; <*71>C < < 6 3 C ; 4 9 36 <7; B<:< J 6 E = < 4:6 4 <3 7 3
>< D CD 4 9 A3 3= 9 D? 1>7 34 7 =>J B B 7 4 = 1>; 74@<9 6>6 ; <@7 8@C 4 1>=>4 B 9 G !9 4 9 6>= E7N J
C 4 3 3 9 ? 1>4 =>B 7 = ; 7*<*1 3 7 8:7 3 7<@F 4 =>B 4@9 61>7 B < 6 7*B 7 6 U < C C 7 6 7 3 < ; 4 3 7 R
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D 3 7 <3= 9 ?4 C ; =I< 4 8@3 ? 99>7<!1= ; ;3 7 77 8:? 6; 7*1>< 4=7 3 S4@< A>6< 7!< B@G B 9 A 74 =>6= <*8:9HB94 = 9 ; >D; 4*7 7 DB3 73 7 <= 6 GG U 9<9 4 < A =6 ;9H7/4 B E1>9H7 7 98:3&C 4 4E 6 ;9 4/<*4M1 7 4W<6O67?9 ?;9 ?9? ;C7 7<:3 8M7&P 94<I=M; ;P 1>7g <= R A3A ; ; 9 Q <!C R&4 9 6cO= < ;< 3 7 67!D9H31>7 < 7S =>3&A>B <6 4< N

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7;d <? 1>5>C 474 6?=>; <C 4
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B 3 7 ;B 6 <9&U <9>A 3 E=[D < 4 6< 48@A 3 7;9 4= = E; A 4*7 8:9 C? 9>74 363 4
99 C1>9d!4 B 3 6 ;7F <6<9B 6!V U< < 4; 1 9>8@1 A 76 ;9 4IC9 6< 9 8:GG G9 44 < B= ; 9>7/R6= = W 7 A 6c8@C X0<7 63 C9 Y C4 @ <*6 4>BI@RH9>cOB S <7A>66(9< =AB [; < 4@G; 9A ? R4? 4 1 ]= 3 4<<
9? =I; < 5>; eO9< J 7? 4327*E 9><:7&1 1>B = 4< 7 ;?A 9H? 8M9 B5 <99 ?6; 71>9 CJ4 9>3 = 7? 9 1>9>5 7?9 643 99= ; 1>4@9 7 9 3!<=@? E 6? 77A ;9 = ;C 7;4 936 9H<9>;?C A9 4 8@3 7 < 9a:6J 9 7CR 9B@7 = 9 =M; 9>C B < 7 ? 647!C 8M4 = < ; D3 <9 C&3 9F 4*4 3 ? 8@4 = A 4*6 < ? 7/; < C ;4 9>3 ?3 ;9 ?9 8M1>4 < = ; N9
B? ; 7 3 = < ; B 9&</< 5>6&< D< 3; <<@8@7/W 8M? ; <I< ; B493 < D1 A1 33 <7 ? 7Y = R ; < = ; 746&3 C9 B < A>? 4
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= ;B 7 9
D 3 < J >!9 6OC 7 9HC 6 TB 7*7@9-? C9 8@D4 A3 A 3 3 96 <3?< 1>G Y 49 4R =>= BR 97*7 >D< 17 ;1 ; 3 A>4 < ? ;? 7*9 8MC <4 ;=M9 E 9 <68@8:7 4 = B ; 7 7*6 <:4M3< 9 B:B A A 3 =I3 7D =3 <7 B6 4:<:B? ;97 6 ?9 5>? <:7 3 1 ; 3<@W 4 5>1><4 ?3 <G ;9 44:= ? 7A 96
8:C 4 4 7 BaM7 C6 9 4:7 = C ; 4 7MA B6 4 9!8@< 5 B 97 < 3 = 7 4:= G B < 7 6C@4 1>= <; <3 9&; ; <B4@A1 R= @ 7 A 8M1>7 < 3@; 9 ? C ; 4:3 < ? B ; 3<I< B< ?<@C 9? A 92; 7W ; <I< ? 7M? A <6= ; @ 4@R G A @M=I1>E 7 < 3@6 4 ? 3; 73 1>677 8:3=>; 7B < ; 7= 4 = ; B G4:4M<7!W B= = 94 7 =@)C 7 6 9? = ? 7< <3 93 47/A B ;7 9 66 @9 <G BG C <7 4 361 7!0 1 `A 9 <=:4 8@13 B 3 4 49 ;= C3 7 79 C B 7!9 8:B R <7 6= ;</4*E = 7 A6 4 8:C 97 ; 3 <W 9 C < 4>= J D 5>4 < 6 <? <3 7!; 4*B <7 6B@8@7 ?4 7 ; 8@4 3 1 7 9 Q 4 J

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33 7< =>13 <B1>1 94 8@1>3 ;47 4:3= ; ;B9H4:9H< B;6H3 7 C < 6H< ? C8*8@< 598*? 9 ?4I5 9 49 P4I= h 7*P 8:h < <68:3 1><C 473 =QC 7; 7Q
cO< 5HR g R A X/C < ; 9H= A 8@7 3 9 C 93 7 6 < ; 9 E 9H< 6HE 7 9 C 4 6 4:d!6 F <:&V 4 8:7 4!W cXY @ @
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3; <3 0 7; 0!4@9O8:9 C=< < 3 ? C9OD 9 ?<A 9&J3 7@<W7*<gA ? R=L?A A < = =>C ; 4B <@=M< A8:; =>7 7 <@8@= ;E1>4M7 4 6 =4 7C /96O; 1>;<@W 7< 8:93 = 9H1>9 <:G 4I9 <Y:B6 7@?7 7 6OB C F74 < 6H=>; E;B 479 3J9 C7@7*4 B6? 4:929O7BW< 8:99 1>A 8@4 h ;9 9? G ? G9 4 < =; 47
CB T 9 7!9 @ 6>D @ A 9 B < ; R`4 3 07/6C C< <8@8*5 5 9 9 8M4[C < 9 =><\B 7LW4*9? 6>; <8:; 4[4 ; 4? 93 8@7/A3 <6 < D ; D 4[9 A 9 = = D 7&8:9 <6>= 3 79 7 D 3 9 <L8:7/= 4 B ; 9>7 3E 4 4 ; 6 <8:G 79 4 = = ; 77
?B 7 7 8:6231 < 6 91 > 1>C 4< 3; ;< 4LJ9B 1>9&4 ;; 39 G< G ? <8@=>9 B ? 4L? 9 4 C = T 7 7MJHS 7:A ;7 3 ? < ; 4
? C AC 43 <3 3=>9 B? 1>4L4 S=>A B 9 <M=>B < 9&B
9&A ; =>3 <I< =>E ? <9 ; 3 4 9 <3 9&G 9 B4 9!= 7@B 9 9 ? ? 9 ; = < = = 7 ; ? < ; = 4
7 <7
? A>C C 7 ? ? 9 E 4*3 7 N 9 = = 7 ? ; 4:B 7 6 <*F 3 9 G 9 4 = 7 R
96 6HU < C =>; 4M4@C B 4 7 =I6 </9 6HE 8@7 6 4 4 B C 79 ; 6 </W 467//A B D>7 6R BU f <R 6 9>CR CC ]74 6<3=>7 ?3 9< BD G 7A9 34 3 <!=< 7!9 =g B =>R A7 < g6 = E 3G 79 9 1>9; C A4 4 ;3 6 ;;4>4< X
6[ <@g E 7 6 4 C 9HR; <:W ] 3 J>41>< 3 92? 7<MC 4C 9=>3 BC 9&< 7@W B 92C 9 3 C J><:E Y 9 7 = 7@; 4 CJ>C 1>< < ; 3<M9OB<M4 C1>9 43 C Y<
? 7 C 4 ] =>B C 7 C 67 ;? 3? <9 E =><? 9 ; D4 A3 9 3 4>< R g R A !8:4 ? ; 3 <&9 = E 7 C 726 </? ; 4 3 9 <&; 7 8@1>4 3 < 6 7&B 7 6 72F 4 3 G 72= 4 3 8M< 6 9
7L= 7 66 4 U=9 ? D ; 9 < ; =A>;B 7*9 =>C <4 6 3 9*3 9 ? ? A 1>4 A =>=>B <[7 = 3 ; A 74 < ; 6<[<*B 8M7 6 < U? < ? ? 9 ?8M7L<@8@< 4C ;C 47 63 7 7 3 R(< G 9f 4 9= 47? B ? 77 36E E <K7 9 C9 = 4 6 4I1>3 7LB 9 Q2C T 6 <7
F!4 73 G6 <*4L6 ?4 ; = 7 D? ?9 ;4
A>B9 ? 9 ;=>< < = 6 7; 7 JO6 8:< 4>3 9&J 1><L< C3 99H3 C<:< C 9g 3 Y C @< Rg gE @ H JHE 1>7 H 3 R
C< AB 97 36 7*7 = 3 G A < 4 R ; 7*8@4 ; 3 9 C 9H? 9H; 3 4 E < = 4@9 =IA =><:? 9 ; A>< G 9 4 = 7*8@4 6 ; 4:1 3 4 ? ? 9 8:<:< 6 <@1>7 3 B 9 ; <MB 9
91>= < ; 3 7 ;] 3 7ME<:7 ? = A DD 1>A4 7 =33 <94L4 3g = 7IR 7 A 6!Bh 75 8:6 9 6<64< =>? ; C 3D 9 <:4KA 3 9 B<= 9/JO =91>6/7@4 B ; 6 79 U <<= D=>G 3 B7
< < 8@B 8:7 8M76!= <ME ; 7 4M9 9=[C = 4 67 69 4K6O= 7; B 7<LA8:3C 1>4< 4I== ;; B7M9 = 7 A>9926!<IB ; 9 33 E << 7 =>1 3 ?1? 99H3; 74; 7?3 739 4>=8:R; 9<M= !926 U7C< 6T= <7N
B < 8:7 = ; 4IB 7 6 <:1>4 ; 7 = G <:8@4 ; 3 9 C 7*8@7 = ; 3 7@S A 7 6 4:9 =
6 9 = 7 <:; 3 < ; ; 7 D D 9 < ; <@3 < 1 1 3 7 ? 7 = ; <

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#
"

94 =K? ? E7 <3 E6 4 <M3 7MC T < 7:? ? 6 4<I6 A B ; 9 4
>D 7 9 3 6!7 =C 4G 8@<M1; 36 7<:? ?9&4LB AB 77:92; ;7 7 3 38@8:9 =9 = 9!9!7@W B 79&6 71>E 4 < ; ;7 < = JG <I7:C3 T7 ?7:9 ; S 7 A= 9; =>7:B 7M9291>6O7 E 3 7B 9 A C ;4 <6 4IRLT>f < 9
1<I3 B4 91!? 31>7 9 46<*?<79 G=8@9 74 73 = ;D 7*</W9 <@A9 = C=>F9 <M7= 3 7 D9 ;4 39 3 <C 7/<=>JBB 477:6? S? <9A><* < D1>= A 7; 933/; </<IW< EC B 7C 9O=7 6D1>7 4 43 =<; 7347= 9 RG= <IE 7 B C 9 7&? 1>3 49 1>= 4 9 53 ; 9 6< 7@; 9H1>P 7 9 =:39E =>< C 6 34 73 8:7!<7 =? ?; 4 < 6 3 A 7*; 46 < Q
6? U; < 7 =>= B G <78:< 77 3= 4 ; 4KB 9 =>B <7 8:6 <
9 C 1>T 7!4 ; 77 = B G 7 <I6 <3 7 1>? 4 9 ?; ;7 7 = = G ; <*7I1>B 7 9!3 B3 4A ; ; 4 <6 <= 8@7 6 7 <= ; ; 4>3 JO< ? B 8:7 69 ? <I? 9 41>=4 7; 7RO= f G 9><L4 ?B ? 7 7 6 3 7ME <*3 7C T? 9 7 N
=6 7:7 6 ; 3<7:1 F 3 4 9 =8M; <9&BF < 9&? B79 B? ?7 9 6>1>;< 3 G < 9 =>4 =? 9 7M; 4 S 3 A9 4@7 6 B <I7 6>3 E 7 76 <9 C; 49 E 6 4><IJ < 9 =I6 <IC A ; 93 < 6 <*? 8@E 79 ? 6 ?4 9 C4 9 = ; <:7W R 7/W !5><7 6? ? <M< J1>1 < 33 7; E73< 6 7/=><F 3 6 <7
3BC 797 <=>6 J B <7*9 8@? = 9 8@7 7 =6HA ; C 64:<4 G=B 9;74 7 6H= 8:C7!<1>9 8*=4:E 5 6 7 <@9 C4@7!1>9 4=
6 <; 7? 1>=7 4CG ;4<@7 =>= B B G7 <*</6 8:71>73< 37 3 B?C 9A9 ? <M;; <7 7W = = 1G 7 7*9 6AIW <<77 ;63 734 E4:<9 ?8:B ? 9O9 9 4 C S =T A 7!77 B6 C 74:3 7C 93? =IC7 7/? 1 C 1>7!3 97 8:1>3!7 <@73 >DC 8:T
7 ;7&R
h
Velocita veicolo
30
25
[m/s]
20
15
10
5
0
3
Tempo [s]
Accelerazione veicolo
8
[m/s ]
A V
!A
bH9 D>R g R g X !9 1 3 7 ? <@? A

? ; 3 < B <@< ? C 9 A ; ; < J 8@4 B 7 6 4M< D B 6 J 8@4 ; 4MB 7 6HE 7 9 C 4 6 4
0
3
Tempo [s]
F

3

F 3 h h
Forza normale posteriore

4000
[N]
3000
2000
1000
3
Tempo [s]
T posteriore
3500
3000
[N]
2500
2000
1500
A !V
RA
1000
500
0
3bHA 9 D>4 ;R <*g 8@R >X4 ; 3 9&C 79 1 3 7 ? <L? A\? ; 3 < B <
< ? C 9 A ; ; < JO8@4 B 7 6 4K< D B 6 JOF 4 3 G 7IB 9/C 4 = ; < ; ; 4K? A 6 <
0
3
Tempo [s]
120
Pot. motrice
Totale pot. res.
100
[kW]
80
60
40
20
0
3
Tempo [s]
12
Res. rotolamento
Res. aerodinamiche
Perdite trasm.
10
[kW]
A V
6
4
2
0
!A
EbH< 9 D>3 9R ;g 7 R 3 8:h X 9 = !9H9 B1 9H3 7 1>? 4 <*; 7? AI= G ? < ; 3 B < 8:7 = ; 4@= 7 6; 7 8:1>4:B 7 9
0
3
Tempo [s]

A
A
I
6 A G
A @
h
8:< 4g ? ; D>3 R <B= R 6 4:R
9H03 93 ? 9 A? A 6 ; 6 <; <; 9O; 9!B C7 46 =>U < ? E7 ED A9 < 9 8@; 9 JO7 =7 ;BK4M9 ?=[AL1>? <; 33 ;< 9 B C <:4 6 << 3?
7:C 9 AD
;6
9&; <:< =>]? 9B7 8@< A8:D 6 <7A =; 3 4I;7*9!CB B4 < 7=
6 g 9<IR6H8:E 7 4< 6 4B g C7 R96 ; 4<W
78:BM4 <; 3 C 9 C C 7 9 6J 7 ? 3 4 < = G 4:9 4 =8@7/4 B6 ; 7 4:6>?E 9 7 8:9 C 9 46 9H6 4><:J S= A 4 7=>6 C 9HT 7/4 ; B ; 77 =6 A7/; F 9O4 C3 G4 7/=I= 9 6H4 38@8:4 6 7/4@; <1 =9 A
WD 7 ? = 7 G8@9 <1 6 69H9 C ? 7A R 6 73 A 4 ; 7
3B < 4 D ? D6] 9 9; <A ; =< ;8@D4@7A ?=3 A <; 64M7g 1>R 3 < A M3 4 928:; S7A>4 8@?< ; ?4 3 92;<I3< 9 96 C = 9>4 A 6 ;=IM3 7IJ>E <9 C 6&6 T 4 C7I3 T 77@B 8:A 9 =>3 < < B? = ?9 C9; 8@7M< JH4I6 9C =IC C T 7 E 7:6 7< 361>4< 7 3G 3@7*9 4 S < = A ? 7M?7 4 ? B 6; A74M6&; 48:E Q&7 4 9B BC 7 47 6 66 4
4:4
1>E B 9? 77 7 =6 A 77 N
F8M4 3< G C 73 4 B ? 9C 4C 41 =9 C ; 4*< ; ; ; 3 4><*J 6A <*=>3<@A C4 4 ; =><*B 79 G 6 9 <:4 = ? ;7/3 1< 3B 4 < ? R ? 9 8M<*< 6 <F 4 3 8M< G 9 4 = 7B 9>A = 4:? ; 3 9 ? C 9 < 8:7 = ; 4
)
+ (+ * + + *

&

Velocita veicolo
30
25
[m/s]
20
15
10
5
0
3
Tempo [s]
Accelerazione veicolo
6
5
[m/s ]
4
3
A V
2
1
0
bH9 D>R g R X !9 1 3 7 ? <@? A

? ; 3 < B <@< ? C 9 A ; ; < J 8@4 B 7 6 4M< g D B 6 J 8@4 ; 4MB 7 6HE 7 9 C 4 6 4
0
3
Tempo [s]
F

3

F 3 h G

4000
[N]
3000
2000
1000
0
3
Pseudoslittamento post.
3
T posteriore
[%]
10
[N]
3000
2000
A G !V
1000
0
3bHA 9 D>4 ;R <*g 8@R 4 X; 3 9&C 79 1 3 7 ? <L? A\? ; 3 < B <

< ? C 9 A ; ; < JO8@4 B 7 6 4K< g D B 6 JOF 4 3 G 7IB 9/C 4 = ; < ; ; 4K? A 6 <
0
3
Tempo [s]
120
100
[kW]
80
Pot. motrice
Totale pot. res.
60
40
20
0
3
Tempo [s]
10
8
[kW]
Res. rotolamento
Res. aerodinamiche
Perdite trasm.
Disspaz. forze tangenziali
12
A V
6
4
2
0
EbH< 9 D>3 9R ;g 7 R 3 8:X 9 = !9H9 B1 9H3 7 1>? 4 <*; 7? AI= G ? < ; 3 B < 8:7 = ; 4@= 7 6; 7 8:1>4:B 7 9
0
3
Tempo [s]

0 = = 76 7( D A3 7B <
g R A [@ <
gB 7R Y 6 4:8:< 4 g ? ; D>3 R< B= R 64*R 9!3 79 ?6 A U <6 ; =>< <C DC 7=>6 <7 ;3 <@< G ? 9 94 8*= A76 ?< 9>; 4@7 E C 9 4B =M7 = 9 6G 9 8:< = 4 4 N
9? 8@7 C 1>4 4 =>3 B ; 9< 3= 9 ; ? 9OA B6 ; 9 <D>79 =M3 7 S= A G 7*7 ? 3; 94*? 1>C 7< ;? ;44I1>< < 6O3 9C <<*? C4:9 3 1 C 3<(7 CY 7g B E7 = ; 7 X2H J 6 1><:< E 3 79>6 <4 C C 9 9 ; 3 <@WC < 8:< g ? ? E 9 8:<MB H4 7!1>4M6 U < ? C7 N9
CC T7 677 3 1 < 3 G 7 9 ?4 7 = = 7*; <*8:A < =I? ? 8:9 8:9 =<:9 8@3 9 ?4:A 66 4; <:C < 9 6= 7*F 7 <:3 9 C 4 9 33 7:C < < g h ? 7E C 4 =>B 9H RJHC 4 =
A =K< =>B < 8@7 = ; 4M= 7 6O; 7 8@1>4
8:E 7 4 9 C; ] 43 9U6 <C4>9=>J2B ?9 9=>< 8@B B 9 97C ? =7LC ;4 4:C ? T ; = 7
<L7 6HB9 = A; 473 68@< ; =3 1>7I; 4I7M8:B6 <L47 66 ;? <@4[9 8@E B A 7 <[66 4< GSC 99A 4; 7<:=W 6 7
79B
? B 9/<7 6?C 4 C<K=7 64LE 7 73 E 6< 47 G C3 9 949 >; = <LWC 7@< 7 ; < B9!= 9D <8:4 C 61>C < 74 3 6 37*7 ; 3 D A 7 4B ; ;7; 7 96
1>EB <9D4 6A?41>;337<<9O3; 9;7g49?R=>3Y; 7
<3A 78@J<8M97?=I?<= A8@;C 8@4\A 7 97I=??;A 9>=7:6 47 7L76? 6? U7379 E=A3 <E;4 7;<:; 9/37
EP P?<8:?76A C 44[1>4 ;7=>3B39B 99/C44*9 ;3R D79&38:<< 61>>A 4[YC 74@@ ? B*;B <[<K<Q JO6CC 99UC <33T CC6 7M;4<4 ?BQ2;A 7<CR=LG=T AG7!?=><\76C4*C 7L9W4<1>=>=C? B4
47 9A>= 6FB<I<7 4 3 1>R?8M639[?7<; ;?; <7<[7=8@CGB47<I<==>6;BB 4<99
? ; 3 9 ?] C U 9 < < ? 8:? 7&7 =1>;4 9? 8M; 7 3< 9 C 4 3 3 4 7&? C3 74 C1 A 9 C1>9 7 R 3 <!6 U < =>B 4>J < E 7 =>B 4/9 6 8@4 ; 4 3 7&? A 1>7 3 < ; 4
9E 6 9 73 7= D 79 8:3 9 B7!4 B ; 9 ; 4:3 4 9; 6H< EG <9 4 6 4= 37!7*B B 9 7 6 @ <@@ C 4 1 1 J9 < E 9 7 = *7!B 9 9=>? ?1>7 4 3 =9 ; 9 </5 9 6 6 </9 7*; 7< 36 G 7<!3 8MA 4< ;3 7C R9 </7/B 9>C 4 =>? 7 D A 7 = G <
?8:; 34 <
; ] 3 C9U <CT 9=>7IJ B A B< =>A8@<@3 7 < 1>= = 4; ; 4M37MG B9 9 4 6&7 = 9H; 77; 8@7 3 39 1>68:7 4LE 9 =< 9 9O==[;B 7*C9HA B1>9!9H4 ?;1>9&7 4 = T>; G7<L<M= G? B ;<@39 ?9 E ?? 99C 71>9 =< < 8@7*; < B7 J =9 3? ; 9? 4I1>9 1>4 8M< 3 ;; < <@< C ; 3 1>4:4 7 ?93/=6C 4 7 1>D D97 C A; 4
;3 4M9 6 < R DB8@3 R 67< R =>J ;C3 4!94/? =A9 = 76 ;F9 7< 1 3E A9 </4 = 31 ; 7!93 7BB ? 79 ? 6 C4 4<C =T
; 7&ID < A9; 3 ;3 3 4!< 9 6Q ;7 RO3 E <!cH< =?< ; ;6 37!7!< C9B =M4 <&= < 72; ? 3 1? 9 75 = = A 7 G A; <4>8MJ B <= 9>;4 ?9 =@C; 34*C9 ?4P C< =>9 =><? B98:B < 77 8@3= < ;7 ;4*= 4; 8:4!B <<1 6C A 38@= 4 ; 4? 7 C B D 4 7 D 1 6 9 9 <4*C ; 4>4< J
C 4 8@78:4 ? ; 3 < ; 4:B < 93 9 ? A 6 ; < ; 9HB 7 6 <@? 9 8@A 6 < G 9 4 = 71 3 7 C 7 B 7 = ; 7 R

)
+ + *+

(

"
"

"!
F

3

F 3 h [
Velocita veicolo
25
[m/s]
20
15
10
5
0
3
Tempo [s]
Accelrazione veicolo
5
4
[m/s ]
3
2
A [ V
1
0
bH9 D>R g R X &9 1 3 7 ? <:? A

? ; 3 < D =>< ; < J 8@4 B 7 6 4M< g D B 6 J 8@4 ; 4MB 7 6HE 7 9 C 4 6 4
0
3
Tempo [s]
Velocita angolare ruote posteriori

70
60
[rad/s]
50
40
30
20
10
3
Tempo [s]
Accelerazione angolare ruote posteriori

60
[rad/s2]
40
20
0
Y @ V
20
40
bH9 D>R g R X &9 1 3 7 ? <:? A

? ; 3 < D =>< ; < J 8@4 B 7 6 4M< g D B 6 J 8@4 ; 4MB 7 6HE 7 9 C 4 6 4
0
3
Tempo [s]
@

3200
[N]
3000
2800
2600
2400
3
Pseudoslittamento post.
3
T posteriore
[%]
50
100
3000
[N]
2000
Y A :V
1000
0
3bHA 9 D>4 ;R <*g 8:R 4 X; 3 9!C 79 1 3 7 ? <

? A[? ; 3 < D =>< ; < JH8:4 B 7 6 4K< g D B 6 JOF 4 3 G 7IB 9!C 4 = ; < ; ; 4L? A 6 <
0
3
Tempo [s]
120
100
[kW]
80
60
Pot. motrice
Totale pot. res.
40
20
0
3
Tempo [s]
Res. rotolamento
Res. aerodinamiche
Perdite trasm.
Disspaz. forze tangenziali
12
10
[kW]
Y V
6
4
2
0
EbH< 9 D>3 9R ;g 7 R 3 8:X 9 = !9O9 1B 93 7 1>? 4 <*; 7? AM= G ? < ; 3 < D =>< ; < J 8:4 B 7 6 4:< g D B 6 J < =>B < 8:7 = ; 4*= 7 6>; 7 8@1>4:B 7 9
0
3
Tempo [s]
! M#&
% .
9 (9 46* *
!'*
,) %

+ 9326+R463*

%7!)
9
3* + .
9 9 A

01>=
7 =>S B A 7 7 = ? G; 4@<K1>? A< 31>< 7 D 3 3< < 5 F 94@6 7I? 9H7L? ;B A>9/B 8:9 < <= ? 4@? 9 6 8:7<L1 3 E 7 7? 6; 4 < CG 99 ;4 <
W = 97 BB\7 6< CE C7 7 9 C6 7 4 3 6 <4@G 99 =M4 = ; 7I7 3 ?8:A 9 = ? 9O; 3 B < 9B 8M<
< 1 ? 9 ? < 9 8M=>< < R
3BV < 7 4 16 8:1>E 477I93 C ;? 4 9!4/6 41>B 94 C ;;4 33 ? <
<W; ?9 ;8:4 A ? 99? ?? 7 ?C 3 9 7&E4 <=A 372=>7 </? JO7 5>;6 7<< G 6? 9&9 7!4 1 =>1>3 <7 7 53O? 9;6 6 </<9 G 4 9 4>=7 J=>7/1>B B 7 4 7 3O= 9>C4LC A 3 9F9 4; 6 7 3U <3; =>97 8:B< 69>97 ?? = 9C ; 7B 7I6 7 ; 6B</72G9!94 4B 3 =7; 699
7 6C <7:8*1 5 3 79 4>? ;J < < G 3 9D 4 4 = 8:927B = 7 ;624E ; 7 3 9 <C 4; ;6 4I< ; E4*9 <7 =6 7@; 7 73 8:? 7 9D = A 79 ; B <M7 6A 1>; 9 < 6 93 G < G D < 3 =>< BF 4>4IRH9 eH627 8@324 ? 7B 8:7 6 1 4
6 9 CC 94 ; A <W 6 J 4 6 8@U < 5=>9 < < 6 =9 ? 4 9
B 7 6HC 4 = ; < ; ; 4:3 A 4 ; < N ? ; 3 3 <? 91 B 1 7 3 3 7 9O? 97 62= E; 7< 9; C <!4 ?6 4MC 4 8@8:4 1>? 4 ; ?3 ;< </; 4I= 7 9 =6 7/? D A A 7!3 C< 4 g8@R 1>g 4 JH= ?7 A = 62; 9 S 9 A>=:< B6 7:9 3 <7 GD 99 4 ? =C 47&= 1>4:< 36 <M< 6 F 74 6 3 G<!<:7&1>1>7 7 ? 3 4 N
1>= 77 6=>BU 9 1>9 C 4 4 ; 6 7< ?3 927*B < 926 8:<:4B ; 9 34I7 G<M9 4 3 =7 D7*9 8@B 9H7:8M= < 4 3 =KC 9 <? 92Q&T>7*< 6 = <@= 3 4M7 ? F 94 ? 3 ; G 7 7@= G 4
<@C < 4 7 1 3 14 9B 7M9 =>B < 9O8@9 = 9 C7 <3 G #9 <I$ < D J 7 8:= ;7 92= ;? 3A 7 6
E 7 9 C 4 6 4>R
B Y

#$
J J Y Y
Y
Y

! "
"
#
#

bH9 D>R g R g XOd!A ; 4 E 7 9 C 4 6 4@9 =I8@4 ; 4M<*3 7 D 9 8@79 =

? < 6 9 ; <@7F 4 3 G 7*< D 7 = ; 9H? A
B 97 ? ? 4
E5 79 6 9 < C f=>4 9!6C 4:9 9 4
=>9 =LB B 9 92C? T<1>69/49 ; ;C <M74 = = <:G 7ME 7 <M6 4 3:C 7 9 D;6 <
<:9W 8:C1>7 4 4 J? ; ;=7 < =7 = 62G ; <LS7 A>R C <T 6 7I7:A 79S 6!? A ; 8:9<:=>4 B1 ; 92AO4 4M63W <I7
7 B ?B ?7 7 73 E 39 7IE7@< 7C; 3<<I4 6 CDB 4 <7 6 36< 7M;U 7 <M1>= 77< 3:3; D; 8*39 <I< A E C47 9 E3 = ?7 7 4@3 ; 7M9 A C 9=< 6
B 7 6H? 9 ? ; 7 8:<IP 4 E E 7 3 4@6 <@1>4 ; 7 = G <@B 7 6 7F 4 3 G 7*B 99 = 7 3 G 9 < Q&? 9H< = = A 6 < X

Pg R h Q
BK

BK Q Q L@

Y9 =[C A 9/7:W 9 =>C 4D =

9 ;
<M6 <I1> 4 ; 7= G 4 ; 7= G <I37 ? 9
? ; 7 = ; 7
9< =\7 3 ?4 ; <[< 8@7
W 9 CB T < 7L; <LD 9B <[W < 6 B <K7 ? ?C 43 98:; ; 8:7L<L= 7B 6*9/1>; 3< 7I3 < ; D 7 3 3 < 8@F 4 9 = g9 X
R >R< LA 6 7I? 9*3 7 < ? D 9 D? ;9 A7 == GD 7
7LB 6 <[9!3 1>4 4 ; ;4 7 6 <= 8:G <[7 = B ; 7 4L6 <7
C 4 8@1>4 = 7 = ; 7*B 7 6 <@F 4 3 G <@1>7 ? 4:B 9 3 7 ; ; <@1>< 3 < 6 7 6 < 8:7 = ; 7*< 6E 9 =>C 4 6 4>R2f 9T><:B A =>S A 7 X

L
U
Y
P Q OQ U YA URJ
1>7 3!6 U 7 S A 9 6 9 5 3 9 4:B 7 6E 7 9 C 4 6 4@9 =
B 9 3 7 G 9 4 = 71>7 3 1>7 =>B 9 C 4 6 < 3 7*< 6E 9 =>C 4 6 4:? 9T>< X
Y
P Q 2QLJ
7*S A 9 =>B 9 X

L
U
J
P Q OQ U YA
] <@1>4 ; 7 = G <*1>7 3 B A ; <@= 7 68:4 ; 4:<@3 7 D 9 8:79 =
? < 6 9 ; <*E < 6 7 X

L
U P A
U Q BK
Ef 74 =>? ;B 9 4@; A 3 7 9 =>? 1>B 74M; ; 6 4M7@7< ?6 1 U 93 =>7 C? 4? 9D 4 = = 9 92; 4? 9; 7 4 = ; G; 9<:7 = 3 77 ?X 9 ? ; 7 = ; 7@7@1>7 3 B A ; <M= 7 6 < g R A h 7@3 9 ? 4 6 N
B
K

L
U
!
M
L
A
J
>P Q OQ Q YA
1>? ; 7 3 3I< E6 4 < 3 6 9*D 4 B = 94@1>6 77*=>7 3 < ; 9*B <KE 7 9 C 4 6 9
A BL
9B =I9!C9 =>A C9 6 9 =>3 < < G 1 9 14 =3 7 7 ? RK7 = 0 ; = <; 3 6 4C 7 =>B 4L:; <*C P Q Q Q Y A
]72W <? 4 g 8@R A 8M<!8:B 4 9 ? A; 3=*<!; C 7 T 3 728:6 9 <&= 3727 1 6 <3 G4 91>4 4 = 3 7OG ;9 4 3 =><!< 1>6 472; < 7 6 = <&G <&E 73 69 4C TC 99 ;7 <&W? ; 7&<&C 1>T 7 7&3H< 6 AU < 8@E < 7 = = G; <<!8@< 67 =C 3; 74!? 72C 7 E 3 7 726 4B C7 96 ; <<W
1>9 =>7 B =>9 B1>77 = =>G B < 7 = ;J 7@7@B B < 96 A <*=I1>; 7 7 =>3 8:B 7 9 = = G 7*< CR T 7*B 9 1>7 =>B 7@B < 6 <*; 7 3 G <*1>4 ; 7 = G <:B 7 6 <@E 7 6 4 C 9 ; <*W 7 BL7W
1>? A 7 1>=>d!7B 3 7a:9 =4 =>G3 7<C T
J>< 74I6 C9<@6HC 41>8@3 4 34 ; 7*;7 4:= C TG 9 =
<@7*=6? <:<7 6C 1>9 7; 4 <:? ;? 7<? 9=3 <*9G < <:1>B4 3 ?7 K?? 9 <:5 R9 B 6 7*9 ? A<1>BM74 ?= A; 9 <:5=>9<:C 6 7:4 C =>7B B3 < ;9 6HG<*9 8:4 E = 74 7/6; 4 4 1 C 3 9AO7 ; 4:W<@W B77*K? ?C 74 ?3 =M97/<:A F A<=>DC <:9A>6 8:C< 7 6 77@3 =; 4< N
; 7M E 7 3 9 >C < ; <I1>7 3@8@7 G G 4LB 9&A =[D 3 < >C 4I9 =[C A 9!? 9&3 < 1 1 3 7 ? 7 = ; 9 = 4I9 =KF A = G 9 4 = 7IB 7 6 <

! #
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& - & - % & & - ,
M
(

3

140
Pot. richiesta
Pot. disponibile
120
I marcia
[kW]
100
II marcia III marcia
i=0.25
i=0.20
i=0.15
i=0.10
80
60
i=0.05
40
Y C
i=0
20
:V ! W XY @ @ A [ G A
A
BKML BK
L

K
BK KBL K BLK B K
I
Y 3V 3W XY @ @
3@ A
<Y @ Y
0
6 7 8 9 10
V [m/s]
20
30
40
50
1bH99 7D>= R 4Mg RC < >X3 9 C /4:7 B ; 7< 36 8:<*9 E=>7 < ; G ; 9 A 4 3= <:7d!1>67 F 3!< E &9 <@4 8:D 3 7 < 4 >C <@c B 7 6 <@8MM< P? ? 9 8M<*Q 1>7 =>B 7 = G <:? A 1>7 3 < 5 9 6 7*<
E< 76 6 U4 < CE 9< ; =<MW G B< 9O8@< 7 E = < ; = 4/G B < 78:7= = 9 ;; <4MB B < 7 66H< E 7 g 9 RC 4 6 4MROeH6 <:7 3H1>3 4 < ; 1 7 1= 3G 7 <:? 7 8@= 4; <; 33 7&9 C 67*<7@C A 6 <:3 E 1>< 4 ; 7 = G <:= 7 C@7 ?P ? < QO3 9? < 9
4? 9? ?T>7 < 3 EX 9HC T 7MP = 7 6 U 9 1>4 ; 7 ? 9OB 93 4 ; 4 6 < 8:7 = ; 4M? 7 = G <:? ; 3 9 ? C 9 < 8:7 = ; 4MB 7 6 7*3 A 4 ; 7*8@4 ; 3 9 C 9 Q

1>C <7 =3*9 CC 4<@? B; 37 A 6H9 8@3 7@4 6; <I4 3 C 7 A 3 E < @P /@Q!P 7 J Q1 5>3 4< C? ;7 7 B 3 7 <MW =>B1>4:< 3 1>; 97 3 3/7:1 B A < = 6 ; <I9 J>C ? <4 3? <; 9; ; ; A 7 93 3 9 7*? ; <9 C 6H<ME <8@6 47 3C 7N
8:EC 47 7 =>6 4= ? C;9 4*B9 ; 7 <@W3 3 9 <?P 4A; 4L?6 ;? <*9B </+9 1>1>< 7 3 (3O; 9 6 C U9 <4 6!?6 <C? 7/43 8:3 B 3 779 ?=6 1>;7/47/<=>? ? B7 C 78:9 =? 1? ; 7 7M6 9Q C JE 79 < =M?6 47/S 3 A>?7I9< B<= B7; 464 <
; 9 ;=:<E ? 7 A C 6 =><4 6C<*</9 ;? 6 <WC4 <D 6 < <3 R 96 ;4 8:D < 9A C3 7 9<!?; ;8:6 4L</9 C8@1 </34 41>6 ;C7 9 7 3&1 B 6 6 99 < NN
;C? <9< 6G< 79E 4 B3 = <7 7&6= 1>=<@74@C 32AB A 39 EE=:7< F3 RO< ? ;eO7; 44C 9A3 C 7/3 T E B7!79>9 6B? C9F << 1>6; 4<; 4; ? 73 9>=7; G 3B <*< 9B B ? A>C9 ? C< 1>7&6 <*4 9 ==:B 9 95A 1>9=>76 7 <=>J B ; < 7*3 6< BE? 6<< < 63 G 9 3 9< 4< 3 =1 77&1>B 4 9 7 =M3 6 ; B4@<*9 38MB 7 9>G< ; 93 34 C <= 9 ?<*7!8:94 =>9 3 ? ? 9 ? G7 9 3G4 94 =; = <7 N JJ
;? A; 3 ; < ; ;7@4@C B4 <3 36 9 <? 1>4 D =>A B 3 7 < = ;g 9HR <:*1B >9 7E 3&7 3 6 ?<*7*E ; 7 3 ; < ; ? A 6 <3 <*G 9 4d!= 6 F9< 9 =I!44 38@9 G 7 G 4 4 =*; c< 6 7 RO0 6H1 /3 4D C9 <*7W B C 9 48:=>7 ? =9 B ; 4
7 3 7*<W ; 9 <6 A9 = N
1 3 7 CeO7 7 B 327 1>= G4 <; 7 R 3&C 4 =>? 9 B 7 3 < 3 7/? A 1>7 3 < 5 9 6 7/A =><*B < ; </1>7 =>B 7 = G < J>7!W = 7 C 7 ? ? < 3 9 4*C T 7!1>7 3&A =
EC A< ?3 ;E 4<I9 B= ;7 76 3 <IE < 1>6 4 4; 7 B = 9 G E <I7 6 34 9 CC 9T ; 9</W7 ?6 ;<< C R
A 3f E 7M<9 B= 7E 6 7 </C 7M1>46 7I; 7 B = A G 7M<6B 9 9= ? 71>7M4 = 3 99 ?5 A 9 66 7!; < ? = 9 <4L< S 6>A>B < 9 ? ?9&4 ;1 < 3 = <D B 7 7= 6 ; 9< J
1>AP C =>7 4 3<:8@ 1 7*9 C < C E 4 E 6 9<M7 = E 7< 3 9 9= < GJ 9? 4D 9 =A 4 7@3 ; <; B 9 7g7 = 6R 7&<::1A E >=>7 7<6 34 C C C4 9 < ;=>8@<W B J>95 G 6 9 9<:4:4 =E 9 =I7!7 ; B0; 0A9 0!38M<:8:< ;<3 7 C3 =>9C </9B <*7:9 =>7*<? ;B
1>< 7 5 < =>93 B6 37 77 J =? 9 ; G=:< <@3C ?1>A 9 9><R/3<!f9HF92<:3 44 < =? ?; 77/R3 BE h 99

"

98M= 4< 6D ; D 3 97I4 3 C 7:T 7M1>7 6 =><LB C 7 A = 3 G E <[<L7IW B 9!S A 1>7 4 6 ; <I7 = 1 G 9<LA[W B E 9 9? C 1>9 4=>=<L9 5 < 9 6 6 7
U < C? T? 7I7IB C 74 6 =>7I? 7 1>= 4; 7M; 7 9= 6/G 7? A J&1>C 7T 3 7I< 8:C 4 7 3 = 3 ;9 4K? 1>B4 =>7 6 B <7
0/4< 6&? 8:? E7 <<3 3E6 4C < 93 3<:7:7!9 8:C= T = 9 7!= 7 96? 8@</; < 1>4L; 7< B=>R7 B 620 7 = =3 <G =1<71>? JH4A <M3 1>; 74LC 34 < B8@5 928:9 6; 7!3 7 < =B ? ;< 8:4
6 9 U B?< ?7A 9 6O4; 4=3 9E 7M? 7 A 9< 6C 6&; 4 < 6C ;4/< 4I8*9 =:? 5 1>0H9 7 4
8:C 9 C<> T 3C 7MC4M9 <*? 4 92;7&W ;4 =7 ; =4; 9A; 7 7 ;= E4>7I4 J6 C?8:9O4 7=K1 = AO;6 4<7W
7? 46 7 6 E4< 9 ;6 < 8:J ?4 A ; 4*1>7 </3 93 4 7 3 D 7!9 8@< 6 7!Y 9 h=MM? <RO6 f9 ; 9>; 73 37!4*W B ;A 7 3 = < 7 = 3 ; 7/7&C 9 46 =; 3; <4*=>C ? T 9 ;7/4 S3 A9 4*7 ?B ; 9><< <E =>E <9 < 6 98:? 9>7 C= 4 ; =>4? 1>9 B < 7 3 3; <7
B 7 6 <:1>4 ; 7 = G <:8@4 ; 3 9 C 7*E 9 7 = 7@A ; 9 6 9 G G < ; <:1>7 39 =>C 3 7 8:7 = ; < 3 7*6 U 7 = 7 3 D 9 <:C 9 = 7 ; 9 C <MB 7 6 <

E< 76 ; <@; A 1>3 7 < =>J B 7!7 == 4G <=@R 3 9 ? A 6 ; </S A 9 =>B 9>B 9 ? 1>4 = 9 5 9 6 7!1>7 3OE 9 =>C 7 3 7&6 </3 7 ? 9 ? ; 7 = G << 6 8:4 ; 4*B 4 E A ; <

>1=] 44 U < =I; =>7 =C< 4 6G 9 =><I? 9O? B9 ?B 9E ?7 41>3 6<4 ; =<@9 6>9 5< F 6H<9 6 ;7:1 ; A4:7@= C ;1>T 4:4 7/; 1 76 3<@= 7 G CC <:7< B1>= 7< 7 = C C ;9 7 ;7*?<*W ? ; <B9 73 7 =9 6><@7@E 1>7C 794 C 3*= 4 ; 6? 4M4@A 1>?B 47936 ?4M< A 3 B1>7@77 6HA3 <=>5 3 <M9 7/6 < =>C ; 9<*<M4:B 1>7 < =7 ; =>7 <*3B D1>7 7 =7 ; =>G9 C; AD7 =>93 ; < BA>G 7B 9 4 9 < =>= =><7*C 6 T7B 7/7 ; 6O3B < C< 74 6 = = <; ; 7<C ;< ? ; 1>A 4@aM< C3 CA9 ;9 47<W =; B< ; N79 ? 8@; ; 3 3 7 < < = ? B 8:; <77R 7 ; 6; 7 7 E 3 <7/; </< J ; 7? 73 3= <G <? A D 6 9 A7!= 3 DA 7 4 3 ; 77&< 8:6 4<*; 3C 94 C =>9 B A 9 =>G 9</4 F= 4 7*3 G B < 9
6A <@=K8M/E <7 U 9? SC ? 4A9 8M6 9 4
=><@B <M9>1>;=7 3=>7 < CB G 77 9 ?4= ? =G < <M7@3 9 4*1>C 4 4 C 8:? < ; 61>7 C 3<4 9 ; 64 9< 53 3 7 97 6J7@J 4 ? C 7C 4 8:C =
4 1 3 633 U 7:7/U= 9 B1>G 9&4<:;C B7 < ?7 6 9C6 4 BU <6 9>< ? 8@3? 7@74 8:6; 7M4*4 <9 ; =IG 4 9 34? 7 <= R26 9&9 ;0 B1><*9&4 <;C 943 G 7= G D ;< 9< =>8:; B ; 7 44 J
3? A9 < 6H? 1>; < 7 6 ; 7@; 4M< ? < ? 67 1J A = \; 4 7 #B O9 R*D eHA 7 3 3< C g< R6 C g4 6X < 3 7 ? 9H7 ? 7 D A 7*A =
7 S A 9 6 9 5 3 9 4IB 7 9H8:4 8@7 = ; 9
%
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6 7*< D 3 6 49O; 4 < 3 9 D7 <J = 7@9O? B 9H7 ; 6 3 <M< ? ;C 3A < 3 ? < 8@= 4:9 ? ? ; 9 A 4 ;= ; 7@9OD4 6E 9HE 7 7 >D 3 4M7 ; ;< 926 7:B 9O? 5>B 7< F3 4 3 37:8:B < 9O5 ; 9 36 9< ; G <:W 9 4 < = ? 7 N
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=B A9/8:< G 7 9 3 4 4 =><8:K 7 2= ;B 4\9H8@7
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9? = 4 9= G 4@9 < 8@6 7:9 =B 97 8:627*8@64 7; 4>3 7J? 9 9 =L? ; 7C =A G9!77@W 1>8:4 9< C ? T
? 79I 8:= <M4 =
6 <I? 9C 4T>1 <@1 3 9 7<:? 98:? ; 4 7 ;= 3 G 9 C<@7@< 77 JH3 4 C B4 9= =>; < 7 8:8@91>C 4< 3 R < = 7 < 8:7 = ; 7 J
DA 6=M9 4*;0 763 <8@E D < 1>D 6 44:9 A 3 B7&= 9 D 8:7&h <@ A ?*=>? 9?<8@7 CC 4*44 =>=>B BB7 699 G R U 9< 4] C = <@C 7!7 ? 6 1A>7 33C 4<C G?7 ?9? 49 ? 8M=9 E 7&<<(3 <9 ? DSA AA 6 ;37 <!< 6 1><g < RB Y 3 9>[9 8:<8:<C 4 93 3?C C; 9 3<(<<@<6 UE < h7 =>6 4BE C< 98@; </W 7 =8:H ;RH4@< 0 ? 6>B ? C97 8:4 9>= E<E < 94 3= N9
;B 7 7 3 6 8:<M9 = 1>9O4 B; 7 7 = 6HG 5 <I9 6 <8@=>4 C ; 9 34M9 C B 7
97:1>W 4 1>; < 7 3= 9&G 7@< 6 B <MA 31>< 4 = ; ;7 7= G6 U<I< E ; E4 9; < < 8@6 7:7 9= =>; ?4:; = ROE 40 6HD 68M9 4>< J? 4? 9? 8:? 9 4<
E8M9 7< A = J 7I4 @ ?:A ? ;9 E <*9 6 9M1>G G7 H3/< R ; < <L!C 7C 1 67 3 6<*77 E3 F <<< 36? 77/7= 99; 6H= 7 C98@G 4 9 7= < = E6 7*;4 7MD B 6 1>7 9 4>6 7 RH3@U < d!E9 =>E6 C9 U <3< 78:A 8:8@7 7= 7 = ; = 4>; ; < J< 3 63 7M<*7*61>B U 747 = ;6 77 <@=3 DGE 9<*7 <L6 74 C3 C 94 9 = ;D 7<*W < ; ;A9 <*C =><LB<*9>7 4 6/8:3 G? 4 99 ;?4 4; = 7 3 7 N9
"
>1? 7 < 8:3 ; 1 9 C3 47M6 < 8:3 7< D B D <:9 4 S 3 A7M7 B6 77*6 B <I9H1>=>4< ;; 7A = 3 G<:<I< 8:7 3 44 ;B 3 9 9=>C <7M8:E 9 9 C 7 < = R 7I< ? ? 4 3 5 9 ; <IB < 6 7M3 7 ? 9 ? ; 7 = G 7 JO7 BK9 =
Velocita
100
[m/s]
80
60
40
20
0
50
100
150
200
250
[s]
300
350
400
450
500
Accelerazione
0.5
[m/s2]
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
V @
9bH=I9 D>1 R 9 g< =R 4 Q XcH3 < =>? 9 ; 4 3 9 4/B 9 < E E 9 < 8@7 = ; 4/B <!F 7 3 8:4B 7 6 C 4 = E 4 D 6 9 4&c h *P 1>7 3O8:< 3 C 9 <
0
50
100
150
200
250
[s]
300
350
400
450
500
Gh
F
63
35
: (
- (

+
Potenza motrice
Potenza resistente
10000
8000
2000
6000
4000
4000
6000
2000
8000
100
200
300
400
500
10000
100
Potenza perduta
300
400
500
dEc/dt
10000
50
8000
100
6000
150
4000
200
2000
Y[
200
V @
bHP 1>9 D>7 3!R g8:R < 3 CX 9 <*&99 =I6 < =>1 C9 < 9 4L= 4 B Q 7 6 7M1>4 ; 7 = G 7IB A 3 < = ; 7:6 U < E E 9 < 8@7 = ; 4
B 7 6!C 4 = E 4 D 6 9 4 &c h
250
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500

Dinamica Longitudinale

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