IMPORTANT INFORMATION

About us:
XL-Viking was created to make working with Microsoft Excel easier and more efficient. XLViking started as an internal group at Abbott Aerospace Inc. developing Excel tools to
increase productivity, reliability and quality of engineering applications. XL-Viking was
establised as a seperate company in 2014.
Established in 2008, Abbott Aerospace helps people develop new aircraft structure and
systems and make modifications to existing structure and systems. We do all types of
aircraft - Part 23, Part 25, Civil, Military, Prototype, Experimental - and have extensive
experience with composite laminate material selection, process control, manufacture,
design, substantiation and certification.
We have made these spreadheets available through XL-Xiking and have helped in
developing the Xl-Viking add-in.

About the Abbott Aerospace Analysis Spreadsheets:

Our in-house structural analysis toolbox is our collection of spreadsheets. The sheets that
we make freely available are a small proportion of the sheets that we have developed for
our own
They
areuse.
intended to be used by engineers. They are not protected software packages and
can be changed in every way by the user.
All of our spreadsheets are provided 'as is' with no warranty or guarantee explicitly given or
implied. You may these spreadsheets at your own risk. The Author will nor be liable for data
loss, damages, loss of profits or any other kind of loss while using or misusing these
spreadsheets
We have made every reasonable effort to remove all errors but some may still exist and all
analysis work should be thoroughly
checked. If you do find errors plese notify us at:
spreadsheets@abbottaerospace.com
Proprietary information:
The spreadsheets contain no proprietary information from outside of Abbott Aerospace Inc.
If you think that we have used proprietary information inappropriately please let us know.
Abbott Aerospace Inc. and XL-Viking grants the user the right to use, modify, reproduce and
redistribute these spreadsheets. We just ask that if possible you maintain a credit naming
Abbott Aerospace Inc./XL-Viking as the source.
Our analysis spreadsheets in general do not use Visual Basic routines and the outcome of
the analysis in the spreadsheets rely solely on native Excel functions. The display of the
math in these sheets rely on the XL-Viking add-in and the spreadsheets will not display
correcly if the add-in is not installed.
To find out more about the Xl-Viking Add-in:
www.XL-Viking.com
Find out more about the Design and Analysis services provided by Abbott Aerospace:
www.abbottaerospace.com

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 1 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid round rod. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r.

Y
R
X

T
R
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
20.0 mm
= 0.5 R
= 0.5 20
= 251327 mm
=T R / J
= 10000 20 / 251327
=
0.80 MPa

Thick-walled round tube. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r o.
Y
R
r

T
R
r
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
50.0 mm
=
40.0 mm
0.5

(R - r)
=
= 0.5 (50 - 40)
= 5796238 mm
=T R / J
= 10000 50 / 5796238
=
0.09 MPa

Thin-walled round tube. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r.

Y
R
X

t
r >> t

T
R
t
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
50.0 mm
=
1.00 mm
= 2 t R
= 2 1 50
= 785398 mm
=T R / J
= 10000 50 / 785398
=
0.64 MPa

Note: It is assumed that sufficient stiffness exists at the ends of the member so that a section will
maintain its geometric shape during torsion.

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 2 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid rectangular or square bar. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at point c.
Y

BH

T
B
H
k
k
k
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
40.0 mm
=
7.0 mm
= 3 B + 1.8 H
= 3 40 + 1.8 7
=
132.6 mm
= T k / (B H)
= 10000 133 / (40 7)
=
16.91 MPa

Thin-walled rectangular or square bar with constant wall thickness.

t1 Y

T
B
H
t
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
50.0 mm
=
30.0 mm
=
2.00 mm
= T / (2 t (B - t) (H - t))
= 10000 / (2 2 (50 - 2) (30 - 2))
=
1.86 MPa

Thin-walled rectangular or square bar with varying wall thickness.

t1 Y
t2
X

T
a
b
t
t
fS1
fS1
fS1
fS2
fS2
fS2

=
10000 Nmm
=
25.0 mm
=
20.0 mm
=
1.00 mm
=
0.50 mm
= T / (2 t (a - t) (b - t))
= 10000 / (2 1 (25 - 0.5) (20 - 1))
=
10.74 MPa
= T / (2 t (a - t) (b - t))
= 10000 / (2 0.5 (25 - 0.5) (20 - 1))
=
21.48 MPa

Note: It is assumed that sufficient stiffness exists at the ends of the member so that a section will
maintain its geometric shape during torsion.

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 3 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid elliptical section. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at point c.
Y
A

T
A
B
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
7.0 mm
=
5.0 mm
= 2 T / ( A B)
= 2 10000 / ( 7 5)
=
36.38 MPa

AB

Thin-walled elliptical tube with constant wall thickness.

Y
A
X

A and B to
midpoint of t

T
a
b
t
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
10.0 mm
=
8.0 mm
=
1.00 mm
= T / (2 a b t)
= 10000 / (2 10 8 1)
=
19.89 MPa

Solid hexagonal rod. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c, mid-point of each side.
Y
c
D

T
D
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
50.0 mm
= T / (0.188 D)
= 10000 / (0.188 50)
=
0.43 MPa

Solid triangular rod. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c, mid-point of each side.
Y
A

c
X

T
A
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
50.0 mm
= 20 T / A
= 20 10000 / 50
=
1.60 MPa

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 4 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Circular section with one side flattened. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c.
Y
r
X

a 90o

z
z
z
k
k
k
k
k
k
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

T=
10000 Nmm
r=
10.0 mm
=
52.0 degrees
= 1 - COS[RADIANS[]]
= 1 - COS[RADIANS[52]]
=
0.38
= 1.57 - 0.0666 z - 5.24 z + 8.32 z - 6.15 z + 1.86 z
= 1.57 - 0.0666 0.384 - 5.24 0.384 + 8.32 0.384 - 6.15 0.384 + 1.86 0.38
1.13
=
= 1 / (0.637 + 1.76 z - 5.49 z + 14.1 z - 14.5 z + 6.43 z)
= 1 / (0.637 + 1.76 0.384 - 5.49 0.384 + 14.1 0.384 - 14.5
0.384 + 6.43 0.384)
0.96
=
= k r
= 1.13 10
=
11253 mm4
= T / (k r)
= 10000 / (0.964 10)
=
10.38 MPa

umber:.0 Circular section with opposite sides flattened. Maximum shear stress at point c.

Y
r

H
X

T
r
h
z
z
z
k
k
k
k
k
k
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 Nmm
=
20.0 mm
=
7.3 mm
= (r - h) / r
= (20 - 7.3) / 20
=
0.64
1.57
0.811 z - 7.16 z + 10.5 z - 4.15 z
=
= 1.57 - 0.811 0.635 - 7.16 0.635 + 10.5 0.635 - 4.15 0.635
= 0.1919
= 1 / (0.637 + 2.53 z - 11.2 z + 49.6 z - 85.9 z + 69.8 z)
= 1 / (0.637 + 2.53 0.635 - 11.2 0.635 + 49.6 0.635 - 85.9
0.635 + 69.8 0.635)
= 0.2715
= k r
= 0.192 20
=
30698 mm4
= T / (k r)
= 10000 / (0.271 20)
=
4.60 MPa

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 1 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid round rod. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r.

Y
R
X

T
R
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.0 in
= 0.5 R
= 0.5 1
=
1.57 in
=T R / J
= 10000 1 / 1.57
=
6366

Thick-walled round tube. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r o.
Y
R
r

T
R
r
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.50 in
=
1.48 in
= 0.5 (R - r)
= 0.5 (1.5 - 1.48)
=
0 in
=T R / J
= 10000 1.5 / 0.416
=
36083 psi

Thin-walled round tube. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at the outer surface r.

Y
R
X

t
r >> t

T
R
t
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.5 in
=
0.02 in
= 2 t R
= 2 0.02 1.5
=
0 in
=T R / J
= 10000 1.5 / 0.424
=
35368 psi

Note: It is assumed that sufficient stiffness exists at the ends of the member so that a
section will maintain its geometric shape during torsion.

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 2 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid rectangular or square bar. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at point c.
Y

BH

T
B
H
k
k
k
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.0 in
=
0.5 in
= 3 B + 1.8 H
= 3 1 + 1.8 0.5
=
3.9 in
= T k / (B H)
= 10000 3.9 / (1 0.5)
= 156000 psi

Thin-walled rectangular or square bar with constant wall thickness.

t1 Y

T
B
H
t
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.0 in
=
0.5 in
=
0.04 in
= T / (2 t (B - t) (H - t))
= 10000 / (2 0.04 (1 - 0.04) (0.5 - 0.04))
= 283062 psi

Thin-walled rectangular or square bar with varying wall thickness.

t1 Y
t2
X

T
B
H
t
t
fS1
fS1
fS1
fS2
fS2
fS2

=
10000 inlb
=
1.0 in
=
0.5 in
=
0.04 in
=
0.03 in
= T / (2 t (B - t) (H - t))
= 10000 / (2 0.04 (1 - 0.03) (0.5 - 0.04))
= 280143 psi
= T / (2 t (B - t) (H - t))
= 10000 / (2 0.03 (1 - 0.03) (0.5 - 0.04))
= 373525 psi

Note: It is assumed that sufficient stiffness exists at the ends of the member so that a
section will maintain its geometric shape during torsion.

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:
www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 3 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Solid elliptical section. Maximum torsional shear stress occurs at point c.
Y
A

T
A
B
fS
fS
fS

=
=
=
=2
=2
=

10000 inlb
1.0 in
0.5 in
T / ( A B)
10000 / ( 1 0.5)
25465 psi

AB

Thin-walled elliptical tube with constant wall thickness.

Y
A
X

A and B to
midpoint of t

T
a
b
t
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.0 in
=
0.5 in
=
0.04 in
= T / (2 a b t)
= 10000 / (2 1 0.5 0.04)
=
79577 psi

Solid hexagonal rod. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c, mid-point of each side.
Y
c
D

T
D
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.5 in
= T / (0.188 D)
= 10000 / (0.188 1.5)
=
15760 psi

Solid triangular rod. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c, mid-point of each side.

Y
A

c
X

T
A
fS
fS
fS

=
=
= 20
= 20
=

10000 inlb
1.5 in
T / A
10000 / 1.5
59259 psi

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:

www.XL-Viking.com

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number: AA-SM-002-001
Check:
Revision Level : IR
Date: 20/10/2013
Page: 4 of 4
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

TORSION - REGULAR SECTIONS

Circular section with one side flattened. Maximum torsional shear stress at point c.
Y
r
X

z
k
k

T
r

a 90o

k
k
k
k
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.5 in
=
52.0 degrees
= 1 - COS[RADIANS[]]
= 1 - COS[RADIANS[52]]
=
0.38
= 1.57 - 0.0666 z - 5.24 z + 8.32 z - 6.15 z + 1.86 z
= 1.57 - 0.0666 0.384 - 5.24 0.384 + 8.32 0.384 - 6.15
0.384 + 1.86 0.384
1.13
=
1
/
(0.637
+ 1.76 z - 5.49 z + 14.1 z - 14.5 z + 6.43 z)
=
= 1 / (0.637 + 1.76 0.384 - 5.49 0.384 + 14.1 0.384 - 14.5
0.384 + 6.43 0.384)
0.96
=
= k r
= 1.13 1.5
=
6 in
= T / (k r)
= 10000 / (0.964 1.5)
= 3074.76 psi

Circular section with opposite sides flattened. Maximum shear stress at point c.
Y
r

H
X

T
r
H
z
z
z
k
k
k
k
k
k
J
J
J
fS
fS
fS

=
10000 inlb
=
1.7 in
=
0.5 in
= (r - H) / r
= (1.7 - 0.5) / 1.7
=
0.71
= 1.57 - 0.811 z - 7.16 z + 10.5 z - 4.15 z
= 1.57 - 0.811 0.706 - 7.16 0.706 + 10.5 0.706 - 4.15 0.706
= 0.1063
= 1 / (0.637 + 2.53 z - 11.2 z + 49.6 z - 85.9 z + 69.8 z)
= 1 / (0.637 + 2.53 0.706 - 11.2 0.706 + 49.6 0.706 - 85.9
0.706 + 69.8 0.706)
= 0.1917
= k r
= 0.106 1.7
=
1 in
= T / (k r)
= 10000 / (0.192 1.7)
=
### psi

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find out more:

www.XL-Viking.com