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1 Introduction
Large-area networking of computers and control
systems require lightning and overvoltages protection.
There is now worldwide agreement that the danger
radius around a point struck by lightning is about 2 km.
Within this domain electronic systems are affected by
conducted and radiated disturbances that may cause
destruction. The future lies in the computer -integrated
factory, business and administration and problem
becomes more and more important. An American study
[1] highlighted the seriousness of the situation: banks,
sales oriented enterprises, factories, insurance companies
can close if the computer network fails for two weeks.
Risk can be controlled by electromagnetic compatibility
measures. The best solution of the problem is Lightning
Protection Zone (LPZ) concept. Application of LPZ
concept requires:
- estimation of lightning impulse expose for devices,
equipment and systems,
- properties of lightning protection elements and
systems.
It is necessary coordination between lightning and
overvoltages standards, requirements for equipment and
systems surge immunity. Realization of the Lightning
Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP) protection can be
provided according surge protection for electrical systems
of buildings, telecommunication and computer systems
standards. They are prepared for components and
protective devices: arresters for power engineering,
information technology, optoelectronic connections also.
Usage shielding measures, equipotential
bonding
networks, cable routing can help in solving protection
problems.
2 Lightning discharge
The information about lightning strokes was obtained
from measurements of the lightning currents at towers,
overhead lines, triggering stations. The electromagnetic
interferences caused by lightning discharge were
I,kA
200
100
350 s
I (t ) = I m k (e t e t ).
Generally
overvoltage
are
registered
in
telecommunication cables. Analysis of these results
permits to separate several of basic shapes induced
voltages (Fig.2.). Fundamental information about values
of parameters characterizing overvoltages in
telecommunication lines are presented in table 1.
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20 - 200
300 - 800
100-300
500-1000
Buried cables
with pair lines
500 - 600
50 - 100
1000-1500
Buried coaxial
cables
400 - 500
200-500
500-1500
Table
1.
Zone 0A
in
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Parameter
Zone
Zone 2
Zone 3 Zone 4
4 kV
2kV 1 1 kV
Magnetic field
Electric field
5kV/m
2,5 kV 1 1,5 kV
50V/m
0,5 kV
5V/m
4 Protection measures
The lightning protection system consists of external
and internal lightning protection. External protection
has air termination system, the down conductors and
the earthing systems. It is well described in [1] for
protective
concepts
requirements and tests.
and
components,
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1990
6 Conclusions
Section 1. Selection of protection
levels for lightning protection 1993
Section 2. Design, installation,
maintenance and inspection of
lightning protection systems 1998
1995
1999
1999
1999
2000
References
[1] P. Hasse, : Overvoltage protection of low voltage
systems, The Institution of Electrical Engineers,
London, 2000.
[2] A.W. Sowa, Coordination between lightning
protection concept and EMC requirements,
Conference
EMD2002,
Proceedings
of
conference, 2002, Palanga, pp. 9 14.
[3] K. Aniserowicz, Application of discrete Fourier
transform to analysis of overvoltages in
transmission
lines,
VIII
international
conference Overvoltages in power-, electronicand computer engineering, Proceedings,
Bialystok, 1997, pp. 5 -12.
1
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