Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
PRESENTED BY
A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Wi-Fi has been around more than 12 years -originally, it lacked any form of security
Since 2001, Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) has
been successfully attacked -- in 2007, it takes no more
than 90,000 packets to break keys (due to weaknesses
in RC4) -- time to crack less than 1 minute
Since 2004, Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA & WPA2)
were introduced to address WEPs failure -- but even
this is not quite enough for full security
WI-FI HISTORY
Originally offered as IEEE 802.11 in 1997 -- security
limited due to export restrictions of certain
governments
Implements Wireless LAN access over 2.4 and 5 GHz
bands -- former with 3 channels (and shared with
Amateur Radio and Cordless Phones), latter with 19
Initial systems 1-2 Mbps, later increased to 11 Mbps
with 802.11b, then up to 802.11n with 54-600 Mbps
possible (since 2009)
WIRELESS SIGNALS
Any wireless signal can be received by suitable
equipment
Key-sharing is fundamental issue -- and the more
often a key is used, the easier it is to find it due to
mathematics of encryption
In addition to receiving packets, we can also inject
packets -- e.g., ARP or de-auth to create traffic
SECURING WI-FI
In my view, only reliable method for securing Wi-Fi is
to run a VPN on top (e.g., OpenVPN)
WEP and WPA are easily broken (WPA TKIP cracked
in less than 1 minute by Japanese researchers in 2009)
WPA is TKIP -- WPA2 is CCMP, which is better (AES)
WPA2 is probably secure enough for home usage -but there is still risk of impersonation
TRAFFIC MONITORING
On OSX, from command line (with sudo):
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/
Apple80211.framework/Versions/A/
Resources/airport
Specify en1 sniff 1 as parameters to capture
packets into /tmp/airportSniffxxxx.cap file
WireShark is free utility for Windows, OSX or Linux
that captures and displays packets
WPA CRACKER
Regular WPA-PSK cracking on business grade
hardware can take up to two weeks
WPA Cracker is a commercial service using cloudbased computing with 400 nodes, which can crack a
WPA key in 20 minutes for $34
This is based on 135 million word dictionary attack -therefore a strong password can defeat this class
Businesses now know the price of security
BOGUS HOTSPOTS
Any computer can also be a Wireless Access Point
Windows 7 has new feature SoftAP -- which can be
used for Internet Connection Sharing (use Connectify
for example -- http://connectify.me/)
However, the bad guys can capture all of the
packets which pass through their system, even if they
connect to you with WEP or WPA
Bad guys can use similar names, e.g., Webster-Wi-Fi
MAC SPOOFING
SUPPRESSING SSID
AIRPORT RISKS
Free Wi-Fi hotspots in an airport or cafe might
belong to a hacker, who is capturing traffic -including, potentially, user names & passwords
Hackers can also relay HTTPS -- so dont assume
your password is safe at a public Hot Spot
Most hotspots dont use WEP or WPA -- so most
traffic is not encrypted (unless SSH or SSL is used)
COMMERCIAL RISKS
TJ Maxx is classic example of Wi-Fi vector: resulted in
loss of 45 million customer records (Credit Card details)
The weakness was the use of WEP to secure a LAN, which was
exploited by the hackers
This breach cost the company $12 million in direct costs, not
including the subsequent remedial work and loss of PCI
compliance
Average cost of a Data Breach rose to $200 per customer record in
2009, according to Ponemon Institute study -- average total cost
rose to $6.75m
LEGAL ASPECTS
In many countries, hacking others Wi-Fi is illegal -therefore, do any tests using your OWN gear
See NCSL web site for summary of States laws
Unauthorized access can attract serious
prosecutions, fines and criminal charges
Within Webster University, unauthorized Wi-Fi
access could be grounds for expulsion
THANK YOU!
Any questions?
Comments?
Discussion....