Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted to:
Ms.Rupinder Kaur
(Lecturer)
Submitted by:
SACHIN KUMAR
1. Introduction 1
2. Stress 2-4
8. Strategies 20-22
1. Introduction 1
2. Stress(2) 2
3. Levels of stress 6
4 Stress Management 19
This project constitutes the entire topic related to stress, stress management, its
strategies, stress plan, stress process, coping strategies, exercises which helps
in reducing the stress, and case studies related to the stress management.
Stress
What is stress?
You would think that defining stress would be relatively easy. Yet those who
have spent most of their professional lives studying it still have trouble defining
the term. Despite efforts over the last half-century to define the term, no
satisfactory definition of stress exists. Defining stress is much like defining
happiness
Stress is the "wear and tear" our bodies experience as we adjust to our
continually changing environment; it has physical and emotional effects on us
and can create positive or negative feelings. As a positive influence, stress can
help compel us to action; it can result in a new awareness and an exciting new
perspective. As a negative influence, it can result in feelings of distrust,
rejection, anger, and depression, which in turn can lead to health problems such
as headaches, upset stomach, rashes, insomnia, ulcers, high blood pressure,
heart disease, and stroke. With the death of a loved one, the birth of a child, a
job promotion, or a new relationship, we experience stress as we readjust our
lives.Stress is recognised as a major health hazard of the contemporary century
underlies diverse conditions such as psychosomatic disease, behavioural
changes and it is a major contributor to disturbances in one’s emotional, social
and family life.
Stress is the response of the human organism to noxious stimuli, which are
called stressors, and defined stress as
'…The state manifested by the specific syndrome that consists of all the non
Specifically included changes within a biologic system'.
Most people think of stress as a mental state but it is in fact, very largely, a
physical condition.
Stress is the response of the human organism to noxious stimuli, which are
called stressors, and defined stress as
'…The state manifested by the specific syndrome that consists of all the non
Specifically included changes within a biologic system.’
Stress Survey:
In the 2000 annual “Attitudes in the American Workplace VI” Gallop Poll,
sponsored by the Marlin Company,
Eustress:
• Eustress, or good stress, is stress that benefits our health, like physical
exercise or getting a promotion.
• Eustress or positive stress occurs when your level of stress is high enough
to motivate you to move into action to get things accomplished
• The stress response increases our ability to stand and fight or turn and flee
and to mobilize all our resources to achieve whatever we decide to do.
• Another positive is the zest that stress adds to life by stimulating the
stress and the passions.
Distress:
• Distress, is stress that harms our health and often results from imbalances
between demands made upon us and our resources for dealing with these
demands.
• Distress or negative stress occurs when your level of stress is either too
high or too low and your body and/or mind begin to respond negatively to
the stressors.
1. Unsuitable behaviour
3. Poorer health
Stressors are divided into physical and social groupings and the social stresses
can be subdivided into further:
Physical stressors
Example:
• Cold,
• Noise,
Social Stressors
There are four main causes of social stress:
• Inflation
• Cost of housing
• Taxes
• Crime
• Pollution
• Technological change
Family
• Sharing of workload
• Jealousy
• Sex roles
• Different values
• Different lifestyle,
• Money problems.
• Muddled communication
• Travelling time
• Interruptions
• Competition
• Power struggles
• Education/Training
• Obligations
• Waiting time
• Poor service
• Smokers/Non-smokers
• Driving habits
• Social expectations
STAGES OF STRESS:
ALARM STAGE
EXAMPLES
• Cardiac - increased heart rate
• Respiratory - increased respiration
• Skin - decreased temperature
• Hormonal - increased stimulation of adrenal genes which produce an
adrenal rush.
RESISTANCE STAGE
During this stage your body tries to cope or adapt to the stressors by
beginning a process of repairing any damage the stressor has caused. Your
friends, family or co-workers may notice changes in you before you do so it is
important to examine their feedback to make sure you do not reach overload.
EXAMPLES
• Behavior indicators include: lack of enthusiasm for family, school, work
or life in general, withdrawal, change in eating habits, insomnia,
hypersonic, anger, and fatigue.
• Cognitive Indicators include: poor problem solving, confusion,
nightmares, hyper-vigilance
• Emotional indicators include:
• Tearfulness
• Fear
• Anxiety
• Panic
• Guilt
• Agitation
• Depression
• Overwhelmed.
EXHAUSTION STAGE:
During this stage the stressor is not being managed effectively and the body and
mind are not able to repair the damage.
EXAMPLES
• Digestive disorders,
• withdrawal,
• headaches,
• tension,
• insomnia,
• Loss of temper.
Signs and Symptoms of stress
People will have their own personal signs or reactions to stress, which
they should learn to identify. They generally fall into three categories:
physical, cognitive and emotional. Many of these symptoms come and go
as a result of short-term stress. However, symptoms that are associated
with more long-term, sustained stress can be harmful. Consequences can
include fatigue, poor morale and ill health. High levels of stress without
intervention or management can contribute to mental health problems
(e.g. depression, anxiety, interpersonal difficulties), behavioural changes
(e.g. increased alcohol intake, drug abuse, appetite disorders) and
sometimes involve medical consequences (e.g. headaches, bowel
problems, heart disease, etc.). Some of these signs are listed below.
- Racing heart
- Cold, sweaty hands
- Headaches
- Shallow or erratic breathing
- Nausea or upset tummy
- Constipation
- Shoulder or back pains
- Rushing around
- Working longer hours
- Losing touch with friends
- Fatigue
- Sleep disturbances
- Weight changes
There is well established links between stress and many types of illness.
However, these physical symptoms could result from medical or physiological
problems rather than be completely stress related. Medical advice should be
sought whenever someone believes he or she may have an illness, e.g. chest
pain or weight changes.
Everyone has developed his or her own response to stress. The key is to learn to
monitor your own signs and become aware of when they are indicating the
stress level is unmanageable.
Stress Management
Stress management is a decision-making process. When
we are feeling the effects of a stressful life position or a
stressful lifestyle, we have 3 major ways we could deal
with that stress:
• Alter it
• Avoid it or
• Accept it
By building our resistance or changing our perception
The first a stands for Alter which implies removing the source of stress by
changing something. Problem-solving, direct communication, organizing,
planning and time management are common techniques for altering stress.
The second a stands for Avoid which implies removing oneself from the
stressful situation or figuring out how not to get there in the first place. To
conserve stress energy, people sometimes need to walk away, let go, say "no,"
delegate, withdraw and know their limits.
The third A stands for Accept which involves equipping oneself physically and
mentally for stress.
• Another way to accept stress is to change the way you perceive the
situation or yourself.
• Changing unrealistic expectations and irrational beliefs such as "I should
succeed at everything I try” is a good start. Building self-esteem and
cultivating a positive attitude help as well.
For example,
Some of these coping strategies will suit some people, others will not. The key
is to have a range of resources that can be applied, depending upon the situation
and the individual. It is important to have strategies one is comfortable using.
• Reframing – focus on the good not the bad; think in terms of wants instead of
shoulds. It’s best if our thinking is related to our goals. For example, “I want to
read and understand this chapter in Chemistry so I do well in my lab practical”
instead of “I have to read this difficult chapter in Chemistry”.
In order to gain control of negative thoughts or worries, you must first become
aware of them. Next, yell “Stop!” to yourself when they occur. Try replacing
with positive affirmations or at least challenge or question any irrationality of
the thoughts.
• Relaxation – from simple relaxation such as dropping the head forward and
rolling it gently from side to side or simply stretching, to more complex
progressive relaxation exercises. Progressive relaxation involves tensing and
releasing isolated muscle groups until muscles are relaxed. Please refer to
Handout – Five Minute Relaxations. There are also tapes and books available on
this topic (available from the Student Counselling Service or the library).
• Smile and Laugh - gives us energy and helps to lighten the load; relaxes
muscles in the face.
• Seek Help – to help us cope with unmanageable stress. This is a sign of taking
control, not of weakness. There are many supports available in College for
students including Student Health Service, Student Counselling Service, College
Tutors and the Chaplaincy.
Strategy #1:
Recognize and Eliminate Common Pitfalls-There are several common
patterns among people today that significantly raise stress levels. We will
discuss 5 interrelated ones: what Charles E. Hummel refers to as the “tyranny of
the urgent,“ maintaining a hectic pace, approaching life from a crisis orientation,
hanging on to not really so sacred cows, and replacing stability with
unnecessary change.
Strategy #2:
Build Toward a Full and Balanced Life-To the extent that we are not
fully expressive in all major areas of life--spiritual, relational, sexual,
vocational, recreative, and physical--and to the extent that we are not making
Biblically-informed choices in these areas, we will not only experience stress,
but find ourselves lacking in the energy and strength necessary to manage and
tolerate it.
Strategy #3:
Identify and Challenge False Core Beliefs-Our beliefs are certain to find
their way into our day-today behavior. To the extent that we are operating out of
a system of false beliefs, we are likely to collide with both the teaching of
Scripture and the manner in which God intended for us to live. Lack of closure
and false core beliefs often blend to create a very stressful burden.
Strategy #4:
Achieve Closure; Settle Old Accounts-To lack closure is to have
unresolved concerns from the past messing up the present. The emotional
baggage of unresolved issues is constant, even if unconscious, stressor, and a
drain on the resources we need for managing stress.
Strategy #5:
Conquer the Symptoms of Stress-There is the danger that doing away with
the symptoms of stress may deter us from addressing the deeper issues that are
the source. Nevertheless, it is wise to consider ways to reduce symptoms and
lessen their damaging effects on the body. This section contains instructions and
exercises to help reduce present symptoms of stress.
Reducing Long Term Stress
For long-term management of stress, it is important to lay good foundations.
Often when we are under stress, we ignore our health and relationships, yet
when these are poor it can add to our stress. Avoid this cycle!
Lifestyle
• Take 15 minutes daily for yourself. Take a walk, ride a bike, read a
book, listen to music or do something else you enjoy.
• Take a deep breath. Shallow breathing brings in less oxygen and
increases muscle tension, headaches and an uptight feeling. Breathe in
slowly through your nose to a count of five, hold to a count of five and
blow out slowly through pursed lips as if you are blowing up a
balloon. Try to inhale enough so that your belly rises and falls. Repeat
throughout the day.
• Walk away and take time to think about a situation. You’ll come back
to a problem better prepared to solve it. For example, if a tractor
breaks down in the middle of harvest, don’t kick the tires and scream.
Take a 10-minute walk in the laneway to clear your mind and open it
to solutions.
• Take care of your body. Exercise, eat healthy, get adequate sleep,
reduce caffeine consumption and avoid smoking, alcohol, and drugs.
If you are experiencing a lot of stress at the moment you are not going to want
to try anything too complex or time-consuming. If you are feeling extreme
exhaustion, anxiety, anger, depression or emptiness the following techniques
may help bring quick relief. Read
Through the list and try those which you predict could work for you.
Rag Doll
This technique has been described by Dr Audrey Livingstone Booth, director of
the Stress Foundation in England. It is designed to shut off your stress response
completely.
The directions are as follows:
"Sit in an armless chair. Do ten deep slow breaths and with every outgoing
breath breathe out quite forcefully, deflating like a balloon, and begin to flop
forward at the head and neck. Gradually flop further forward with each breath
out, letting the shoulders and arms fall further forward until you are hanging
limply from the waist like a rag doll. Hang there for moment or two and then
come up very, very slowly. Rest your head back on the chair and breathe slowly,
gently and easily with your hands resting limply and lightly on your lap. Sit
quietly like this for as long as you can manage. When you are ready to move
again, take a deep, forceful energising breath."
Support
Find some time to talk with someone whom you trust
and who know you, cares about you and who, if possible,
appreciates your achievements. Don't feel guilty about
taking up their time. Tell them honestly how you feel
and describe the specific things which are getting to you.
Listen to Music
Listening to music for an hour or more can be very relaxing. You may want to
take a music break at a regular time in your day. Lying down listening to your
favorite piece of classical music can slow your
system right down. Pieces that have no harsh
cadences and that can evoke pleasant tranquil
images irrespective of your musical tastes are
Canon in D Major by Pachelbel (this has been
in the classical "TopTen"continuously for
around 20 years) and Baroque chamber music
by J.S. Bach (E.g. The Brandenburg Concertos)
and Vivaldi (e.g. Concertos for Lute &
Mandolin).Start your day with music that makes
you feel lively, optimistic and joyful. Music that
contains melodic, not unexpected, changes in key or tempo can send a tingle
down your spine. Brisk tempo music can helpget you in the mood for a
challenging day ahead. Decompress at day's end with music that is moderately
slow (andantes) or slow (adagios).
They reduce blood pressure and slow your heart by encouraging it to beat in
time with the music. For many people the most soothing, tranquil sounds are
recordings from nature: from waves to whales.They can keep alive our sense of
awe and connectedness with nature.
Take a Warm, Slow Bath
Soaking in a warm bath with bath salts or scented lotions can afford great relief
of physical tension. If you bathe for approx-irately thirty minutes and then go
straight to bed and relax for another thirty minutes, you will have a potent anti-
stress remedy.
Exercise
There are two forms of exercise which can relieve your stress.If you have been
exercising regularly, then I suggest a vigorous period of
no less than twenty minutes where you jog, swim,
play squash. etc. Alternatively, if you are not a
regular exerciser, go on a long walk at a steady pace,
stopping every so often tocatch your breath. The best
exercise in the world is alking. Taking it to "puff
level" for a little while where having a conversation or
singing is difficult (but not impossible) is the ideal. It
flushes the arteries, lubricates joints, and gets more
oxygen to the brain.
Time Management
If you are stressed because you've got too much to do and you haven't been
getting everything done, write down on a sheet of paper everything you want to
get done over the next week.Place a '3' next to the things you have to get done, a
'2' next to the important but not essential activities, and a '1' next to the ones
which would be nice to accomplish but are not essential.
On a separate sheet of paper titled 'What I Will Get Done Tomorrow', list all the
activities that have a '3' beside them which you have to get done tomorrow.
Schedule '2' activities if time permits. Forget about the '1' activities. Enjoy that
nice feeling you get as you cross activities off your list once completed.
Time Out
If you are feeling overwhelmed, schedule time alone when you
leave school, work or get out of the house. If you
have a family or are in a relationship, tell your
loved ones that you need time-out.
Tell them that your request have nothing to do
with them and that you need time for refuelling.
Then take at least one hour to be by yourself in
your garden, walking through the neighbourhood
or in the city. If you can organise it, going away
overnight can do the world of good.
Time with Friends
When people get very stressed, they sometimes forget about their
friends. Your friends can help distract you from your work or
family commitments. There is nothing like a good laugh to ease
your tension. Call them up and either invite yourself over or
invite them over.
Catastrophe Scale
Think about the one thing which really seems to be causing your stress, like
having too many things to do at one time, the bank account scraping bottom or
having failed at something.On a scale of 1 to 100 where 100 is the worst thing
which could be happening to you, 50 is medium bad, and 10 is a little
bad, how bad is it that this thing has happened or will be happening
tomorrow? (Remember the scale only goes to 100!)
Rate how bad the problem is on this scale (mentally record or write
down a number).
|------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|-------------|
0 10 50 90
100
Not A little bad Medium bad Very bad The bad worst
|- 100 World war; death of a loved one; life-threatening
illness; permanent paralysis.
|- 90 You have a serious car accident; house burns down;
family member very ill; you lose your job; you break
your leg ; house burgled.
|- 50 You break an antique vase; you have a fight with
a friend.
|- 10 You have a flat tyre.
|- 0
Above is a list of catastrophes rated by severity. While you might not agree with
all the ratings you'll probably agree with the ones listed above and just below
ninety. Using this objective scale, where would you now rate the problem which
seems to cause you so much stress? Place crosses on the scale where you
generally place it and where you now rate it. A scale such as this enables people
to see how, under stress, they blow the stressful event out of proportion and
make it worse than it is. We often react to minor stress ors as strongly as, if not
more than, to more serious events. If you did, join the club. It's human nature.
However, repeated high intensity reactions can harm our physical and mental
health. Try to develop, over time, the capacity to detach and look at your
problems “from 30,000 feet.” Appropriate humour under stress is regarded as
one of the most mature and effective coping strategies of all. This is because it
involves this oftentimes demanding ability to detach and take life less seriously.
EXERCISES
EXERCISES-1
A Balanced Life Style
Now go back and calculate the same items, this time using the number of hours
you would ideally like to spend on each item.
If you think there is an imbalance between what is ideal for a balanced life style
and what you actually do, consider the following questions.
STRESS QUESTIONNAIRE
Here are eight questions for which you can score 1 or 0 for each.
1. For two of them have you engaged in some activity that puffed you
for a little while?
2. Have you eaten mainly (2/3) protein rich plant foods, fruit and
vegetables and whole grain products?
4. Have you touched someone? Like humour it's good for the immune
system.
5. Have you been aggressive? If you lost your cool you lost a point.
6. Did you physically relax? Not just flop in front of the TV but did something
that unwinds physical tension like deep breathing.
7. Did you give yourself some mental bonuses? Did you watch a nice movie,
dream a little, stop to smell the roses, go for a walk in the garden(s),read
a trashy novel or magazine?
8. Have you done anything for someone else like give a compliment or
write a nice note?
points
• ____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’
• ____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points
• ____ Change in living environment - 30 points
• ____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points
• ____ Problems with your boss or professor - 25 points
• ____ Outstanding personal achievement - 25 points
• ____ Failure in some course - 25 points
• ____ Final exams - 20 points
• ____ Increased or decreased dating - 20 points
• ____ Changes in working conditions - 20 points
• ____ Change in your major
• ____ Change in your sleeping habits - 18 points
• ____ Several-day vacation - 15 points
• ____ Change in eating habits - 15 points
• ____ Family reunion - 15 points
• ____ Change in recreational activities - 15 points
• ____ Minor illness or injury - 15 points
• ____ Minor violations of the law - 11 points
Score: _________________
EXERCISE-4
Stress Prescription
Identify stressful situations or demands. These can be academic, personal,
family or job related.
Why do you think it is stressful? What are your thoughts, feelings, and
behaviours?
Behavioural Strategies:
Cognitive Strategies
EXERCISE-5
Plan of Action
To take charge of stress, it is important to identify sources of stress and skills
that you have for managing it. Use the following guide to set up your own
plan of action for stress management—take charge.
I. Identify your three strongest sources of stress and the degree of stress you feel
regarding each.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
II. How do you respond to each source of stress? (Review Lesson One)
Physical _________________________________________________
Emotional _________________________________________________
Mental _________________________________________________
Social ________________________________________________
III. Why are you dissatisfied or unhappy with each of the three stressors?
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
IV. What would you like to change in each of the three situations?
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
VI. Develop a plan of action. Describe each step you will take to reduce the
level of stress and solve the situation.
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
1. What are the three ways to reduce unwanted stress or manage it productivel
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________
Study Answers
2 H 7 Q 9 R Z 8 A 15
X 3 B 10 P 1 5 G 12 N
The above is a key. If the presenter calls out “2”, you put the letter “X” in the
box, if he or she calls out “H” you put the number 3 in the box. The quiz is
timed.
1. � � � � � � � � � �
2. � � � � � � � � � �
3. � � � � � � � � � �
4. � � � � � � � � � �
EXERCISE-9
STRESS TEST
5. Do you have less energy than you seem to need or would like to have?
6. Do you have too many things to do and not enough time to do them?
9. Are you very concerned about being either well liked or successful?
11. Do you get satisfaction from the small joys or simple pleasures of life?
Scoring:
Give yourself one point for each question 1 – 9 with a yes response and one
point for each question 10 – 12 with a no response.
If your score is four or more, then you may be under significant stress. You may
want to find out more about managing stress.
EXERCISE-10
How Do I Respond to Stress?
Take a minute to think about past experiences of performing under stress. Think
about times when you did well and also times when you felt you could have
performed better. When you have thought of a few examples from your life of
performing under stress, answer the following questions in order to become
more aware of your own optimal level of stress.
5. A time when I would have liked to perform better under stress was . . .
Stressful Situations
Being arrested by the Gordian
Symptoms or Reactions
Not being able to concentrate
Dry mouth
Avoiding people
Muscle tension
Sweating hands
Forgetting things
Talk to a friend
Do relaxation exercises
TO DO LIST
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
CASE
STUDIES
1. Volunteer Stress at a Northern California Rape Crisis
Center
This research project is a case study of a rape crisis center’s volunteer program.
Because
the volunteers respond to recent victims of sexual assault in hospital emergency
rooms, the study was designed to examine the stressors arising from their
confrontation of such emotionally volatile situations. The study focused on the
stressors volunteers experienced, how they coped, how the rape crisis center’s
training program prepared volunteers for job stress, what rape crisis center
employees did to mitigate volunteers’ job-related stress, and how effective
volunteers perceived by rape crisis volunteers and the ways in which they coped
with it to the stress and coping mechanisms of paid counselors in similar
situations, as identified by two related studies. The study found many
similarities between the stress and coping behaviors of the volunteers
interviewed and those of paid counselors in the other studies. All faced
emotional stress and stress related to interactions and operational factors in their
work, and all dealt with stress through personal relaxation and social support.
The differences between the two groups lay in factors related to the volunteer
nature of the interviewees’ job, which led to dread of the unknown and isolation,
and in the political leaning of the rape crisis center which was both a source of
conflict and an inspiration for volunteers.
2. CBI RESPONSE TO HSC DISCUSSION DOCUMENT
‘MANAGING STRESS AT WORK’
Question 1: Our definition of stress points out the difference between pressure
and stress, and that stress is not an illness. Is this definition useful?
3. Yes because its incidence has links with sickness absence and loss of
productivity, for example. The 1999 CBI absence survey ‘Focus on Absence’
found that, for non-manual employees, workplace stress was found to be the
second highest contributor to absence although it scored well below minor
illness. We believe therefore that it is essential for employers to consider the
impact of stress on their employees, recognising that it is frequently difficult for
employers to respond to factors contributing to employee stress when the causes
so often arise from a combination of work and home pressures.
4. The CBI believes that the survey findings reflect the awareness of senior
managers of the problems posed to their businesses by stress, wherever
generated and underpins our support for the promotion of ‘best practice’
approaches in support of further guidance, perhaps along sectoral lines, setting
out practical ‘case study’ strategies.
Question 4: Who needs to do what?
Question 5: Do you think stress at work is a health, safety and welfare issue?
6. The CBI believes that stress does fall within the ambit of health, safety and
welfare but that employers should only be legally responsible for managing risk
‘demarcated’ as being borne of the workplace, as for any other health and safety
risk.
10. The CBI believes that the best way forward would be to pursue a
combination of options a) and b) at paragraph 30. We believe that sectoral
guidance including case studies would enable companies to benchmark their
approaches to stress against other firms in the same industry. Simple ‘best
practice’ guidance will also clearly be of benefit to small and medium-sized
enterprises.
11. The CBI remains firmly of the view that the introduction of such a quasi-
legal instrument as an Approved Code of Practice amplifying the general duties
on employers under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act and the Management
of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is not appropriate. We remain
unconvinced that the Commission’s criteria for an approved Code set out at
paragraph 35 have been satisfied, in particular, that ‘there is a strong
presumption’ in favour of a particular method or methods… … ..’. It should also
be reiterated that the difficulties regarding enforcement of a Code would be
formidable as elaborated at paragraph 39, not least that of establishing a strong
causal link between work and the incidence of stress. Because of the inherent
difficulty in making these linkages, we feel that an Approved Code would have
an unwarranted status in the civil law arena and would be likely to involve
employers in complicated, contentious, time-consuming and costly civil
litigation.
Question 11: Should we limit our action to just a few key causes of stress?
12. Yes. Guidance should be produced on key causes. Generic actions could be
supplemented by more sectoral guidance.
Question 12: If you answered yes, which causes of stress do you think we
should cover under health and safety law, and what type of action would you
suggest would be appropriate?
13. It is not clear that the key stressors have or indeed can be ‘identified’ when
in many cases a single ‘case’ is likely to entail an amalgamation of inputs.
Nevertheless, employers are already required under health and safety legislation
to assess all risks, of which stress may, depending on specific circumstances, be
one and carry out the necessary control measures. In this context, therefore, it is
not clear what an Approved Code has to add, over and above these duties.
Question 13: How do you think we can cover the challenges about
enforcement that HSE and Local Authorities have identified (listed in
paragraph 39)?
14. It is not clear how they may be overcome and indeed their existence strikes
at the heart of the credibility that such an Approved Code would, we believe,
need and in its current guise, seriously lacks. An unenforceable Code would
clearly be ‘bad’ law and risks undermining the high level of confidence that
stakeholders have in the UK system of health and safety lawmaking.
15. We endorse the contribution that the broad range of organisations both
within and outside government can make to the debate.
• MANAGEMENT STYLES -
Dr. JOHN DEARLES
Prof. JANNY BORLOUG
• MANAGE YOUR MIND
BUTLER
G. HOPER
• BUILDING RESILIENCE TO
JOB STRESS
VALERIE O’HARA
INTERNET:
• WWW.MINDTOOLS.COM
• WWW.SKILLSESCAPE.COM
• WWW.BEYONDBLUE.ORG.AU
• WWW.CRUFAD.ORG
SEARCH ENGINES:
• GOOGLE
• MSN
• ASK
• YAHOO
• ALTAVISTA