Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Nodal Analysis
Reading:
Schwarz and Oldham 2.3 pp. 53-58
Copyright 2001, Regents of University of California
i2
i1
i3
i4
-4 A
10 A
24 = 10 + (4) + i
i = 18 A
IN
i = 18 A
24 ( 4) 10 i = 0
i = 18 A
24 = 4 + 10 + i
OUT
i in = 0
ALL
i out = 0
24 4 + 10 + i = 0
i = 18 A
ALL
EQUIVALENT
GENERALIZATION OF KCL
Sum of currents entering and leaving a closed surface is zero
Physics 7B
surface
5 A + 2 A = i
entering
5 A
2 A
i=?
leaving
Another example
50 mA
i=7A
i?
i must be 50 mA
At node X:
Current into X from the left:
(V1 - vX)/R1
V1
+
-
C1
R2
v1
v2
v2 = vd va
+
d
select as ref.
reference)
ground
Voltage drop defined as the branch voltage if the + sign is encountered first;
it is (-) the branch voltage if the sign is encountered first important
bookkeeping
Path
Path
+
V1
-
drop
V2
+
rise or step up
(negative drop)
KVL EXAMPLE
, ,
+ v2
+
va
+
vb
Note that:
Examples of
Three closed paths:
v3
+
vc
v2 = va - vb
v3 = vc - vb
Path 1:
va + v2 + v b = 0
ref. node
Path 2:
v b v3 + vc = 0
va vb
YEP!
Copyright 2001, Regents of University of California
Path 3:
va + v2 v3 + vc = 0
i R1
Voltage drop across
L1 (top to bottom):
V1
R1
L1
Ldi/dt
Starting at the bottom and walking clockwise, summing voltage drops:
-V1 + i R1 + Ldi/dt = 0
Given V1, this differential equation can be solved for i(t).
Copyright 2001, Regents of University of California
v2
+
d
select as ref.
reference)
ground
v1
v +
S
v2
+
d
R1
f
e
Eliminate either Vb or
Vc by using a surface
that encloses the voltage
source and the nodes at
is terminals.
R2
R1
I1
V2
R2
c
R3
b
R4
(
Va
Va
Va + V2 )
I1
=0
R1 R2 + R3
R4
Copyright 2001, Regents of University of California
v1
v2
+
d
select as ref.
Node Method:
Use (NNODES 1) node equations
Then one Branch Relationship for each branch
ground
v1
Loop Method:
v2
+
d
select as ref.
ground