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(with) energy, and are mainly used for sanitary and curative purposes,
though in former times they were used sometimes for exactly the opposite
purposes (8).
However, in the Five Methods classification of Chinese medical
science Zhong Yi Xue(), according to the texts of Yellow
Emperor Huang Di Nei Jing (), all these techniques have to be
referred to the methods called Dao Yin An Qiao (), literally
translated as To channel and to Tense, to Press and to Stretch. This is
one of the Five Methods of Chinese medicine (2), together with Du
Yao () - treatment by the methods of Poisons and medications
(pharmacotherapy and toxicology), Jiu Bing() use of smoldering
(herb) and cauterization (thermogenotherapy), Bian Shi () treatment by stone (splinters) (mineralopuncture), and Jiu Zhen (
) - Puncture by nine (metallic) needles (acupuncture). These
methods might be applied for healing the common people (as they were
accordingly related to the elements of Wood, Fire, Earth and Metal), as
well as on the physicians themselves - to support the effect of those
methods and maintain their own health they used the method Dao Yin An
Qiao(element Water - kidneys - highest possible Yin in the system of
the Five Elements). That is why, as is conventionally believed, the
transmission of such knowledge was possible only from one hand to other
hand and hence, could not be put towards a common use.
In this regard, it is interesting to note that the element Water and the
direction to the North -Bei () were connected to the deity protecting this
part of the world Xuan Wu () - the Mysterious Warrior. Besides
the connection with the mysterious, war, and the cardinal
direction of North, as has already been mentioned, the direction of North
in the body is represented in the back, Bei (), which is to be found in the
Chinese character(is the bottom part, flesh , is the upper part,
North , i.e. the part of the body directed to the North, hence,
the throne of Chinese Emperor is oriented with back- Yang toward the
North and the frontal- Yin part turned to the South) (5,6).
Besides that, in the symbolic bestiary Xuan Wu is the tortoise Gui ()
twined by snakeShe(), where the tortoise is the female, and the snake is
male. The organ connected with the North, hence correlated to Water
and Xuan Wu is kidneys Shen (), which is a pair organ (two
the spinal cord, but the marrow, too. In Chinese anatomic terminology
there are characters having more specific meanings, for
example Nao ()brain. Thus, Sui is a generalized notion meaning
everything located in the bone cavities from the smallest (spongy
substance) to the biggest (spinal channel and cranial cavity). That is why
the word combination Xi Sui should be translated as washing or
bathing the brain (and naturally marrow) [2] .
Now, considering the initial theme of the research, we should point out
some common traits of the craniosacral conception (14) and Chinese
medicine. Among all the systems of body function an evident analogue of
the craniosacral system is so called governing vessel, or Du Mai (
). In general, this is one of the most important pulsating vessels in
the system of Eight extraordinary vessels Ba Qi Mai (),
and, in particular, this is the Sea of Yang here the energy of Six
Yang meridians Liu Yang Jing () is united. Acupuncturists
often fail to take into consideration that actually not six, but
twelve Yang meridians are united here (because they are paired). It is
known that in each side of the body there are 12 meridians (six Ying and
six Yangmeridians), i.e. in general there are 24 meridians, Er Shi Si
Jing (). The place where the energy of the left and the right
sides is united is located in the area of the suture between maxilla bones
above incisors and below nasal partition (sutura intermaxillaris) (8,11).
From the point of view of Chinese medicine this area is correlated with
the middle region in the area of Heven, in other words, this is a
Man in the Heven. This point - and we should note that in Chinese
medicine these are not points, but holes,Xue () - is called orifice
into the center of the Man Ren Zhong Xue (). Here the left
and the right meridians intersect the Light Yang (between) the hand and
the large intestine [3] . The above-mentioned phenomenon of
intersection is related with the topographic feature of this meridian: this is
the only meridian that crosses to the opposite side, and this crossing is just
below the nose in the indicated point Ren Zhong Xue. The reanimation
property of this point is known, and it is effective against headaches [4] .
According to classic theory, an energy, Qi, () functions in the body. To
be more precise, there are two kinds of this energy. The first one is formed
in the embrionic period this is Original Qi Yuan Qi (), that is
why it is also called the Energy of the the Earlier Heaven Xian
Tian Qi (), i.e. innate energy (compare in craniosacral terminology
primary respiration). The other is exterior, i.e. is bound up with
external breathing, that is why it is called the Energy of the Following
Heaven Hou Tian Qi (), i.e. appearing with the first breath
and after cutting the umbilical cord (compare Secondary
respiratory) [5] .
Besides this, Qi rhythmically functions in the system of meridians,
moving in them by rhythmically consecutive or parallel motions, the
smallest of which is the rhythm of breathing in and out. Hence, motion
across all the chain of meridians is carried out during two breath cycles
(one cycle being mainly left, and the other right). The place of transition is
the already known point located below the nose, The orifice in the
middle of Man. Hence, if we take as the basic rhythm 16-18 cycles per
minute, the complete cycle ofenergy in the organism occurs 8-9
times a minute. This rhythm should be familiar to experts in osteopathy.
We should also mention that this concept exists in the Indian yoga and
Sufi traditions, as well as in several Tibet schools of the Diamond
Chariot, etc.
Let us return to Governing Vessel. Its trajectory starts just behind the
anus near the base of coccyx (8), that is why the ability to pull up the anus
(closing), or to relax the bottom of the pelvis (opening) is a key ability
in Chinese gymnastics. Going up, the vessel reachesthe point
located precisely in the lower orifice of the sacral channel, Yao Shu (
), where the terminal filament (filae terminale) ends (11), then it
goes up to the thoracic - cervical area. Then it rounds the vault of the
cranium at the median line (external passage), and at the same time
connects with the brain in the parasagittal space (sinus sagittalis et sutura
sagittalis), and ends by the root of upper incisors behind the upper lip.
Thus, this vessel cannot be called the back median meridian as many
Western authors do (and after them contemporary Chinese authors, too).
A part of Governing vessel corresponds anatomically to the passage
of the spinal dura mater cuff, and in the upper part this pulsating
vessel is connected with the brain and cerebral membranes (together
with venous sinuses). The name itself of governing vessel means that
the ancient physicians knew the function of the central nervous system[6] .
this case? In the composition of the character Tang hall the only
place which contacts the environment is the air-hall in the north
wall Xian () (Hypophysis gate?, infundibulum?), and besides, in the
base of the sign is the character Tu () earth, that might indicate, in
accordance with Chinese theory, the endocrine and metabolic functions.
Considering that the text localizing Ming Tang Gong indicates the distance
of oneCun from the glabella, we should include the crest of cock (crista
galli), or the place of fixing the cerebral falx (falx cerebri) with the
olfactory bulbs (bulbus olfactorius) in the territory of the palace.
Dong Fang Gong The Palace of the Cave Chambers. Thalami
(thalamus), that literally are translated from Latin as bedroom,
chamber (and even bride-bed, hence thalami expers not
married, virgin) (10). We should note that the character Fang ()
has the same sense! But the character Dong () cave, grotto
suggests the thought of a secret washed chamber(grotto), that
anatomically is naturally associated with the cerebral ventricles. In this
case they only can be the left and the right (lateral) cerebral ventricles. In
this regard, it is interesting to note that in the - character Fang the
component Hu () wicket-gate, single door is applied, as
opposed to the folding gate Men (). Thus we can suppose the
presence of double cave chambers. That is confirmed by the
Treatise Explaining the Interierof theYellow Court Huang Ting
Nei Jing Jing, where incidentally we can find the following information:
through the folds of the Spirit Gates one can reach the purple of
the Cave chambers.
It is known that the choreoid plexuses (plexus chorioideus) in the lateral
ventricles has the violet (purple) hue!
According to the same writing the palace consists of three parts: left,
right and central. Each part protects Shou () corresponding
spirit Shen (): the left (left ventricle) protects
prosperity Rong (), the right protects defense Wei (), the
central protects the sublime mystery ofthe supreme truth Gao
Xuan Shang Zhen (). Indeed, between the lateral ventricles there
The information about the organism structure and functioning were the
result of studying their own organism, to be more precise, the fluctuating
liquids (homeoresis), and the system of periodic change of tissue tension
(histeresis), and the inner sight (visualization, introspection)
allowedstudying any secret places of the organism. The
concentration of consciousness: such practices as Shou Yi Safeguarding
the Unique, such techniques as Dao Yin Directed Tension let
redistribute the elastic forces in connective tissues, and drainage
procedures like Xi Sui can redistribute the liquor pressure in the cavities
inside and outside the brain and the marrow, as well as influence the brain
blood circulation; this is a kind of inner craniosacral technique.
______________________
Bibliography:
1. Akhmetsafin A.N. About musical frets and human body structure
connection (on example of Chinese musical frets Liu Liu) (russian)
Ufa, 1989.
2. 1980. (Chapter 12).
3. 1980. (Chapter 78).
4. (Chapter 24).
5. 1992.
6. 1997.
7. 1989.
8. 1988.
9. Vasmer Max Etimological Vocabulary of Russian Language
(russian), 1996.
10. Dvoretsky I.H. Latin - Russian Vocabulary, 1986.