Mid Sweden University

Dept. of IT and Media (ITM)

Magnus Eriksson
Tel 060-148740, 070-562 5502.
Email magnus.eriksson@miun.se

22 Apr 2013
Page 1 of 6

Exam in Computer Networks A (Datorntverk A)

Course code: DT024G
Time: 8:00-12:00
Permitted tools: Arbitrary pocket calculator. A language dictionary, e.g. English-Swedish.
Preliminary requirement for approval: 17 of 34 points on the theory part, or 27 of 54 points
totally.
Only write on one side of each sheet. You may answer in Swedish or English. Your score
will be presented at http://portal.miun.se via the LADOK service in about three weeks,
provided that you have concluded the course quizzes. Distance students: If you would like us
to post you a copy of the marked exam, please contact our course expedition, e-mail
itmexp.svl@miun.se .
Good luck!
THEORY PART
1. State what description (letter) that corresponds to what illustration (number) below.
Answer in alphabetical order. There is a one-to-one relationship.
(12 p)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
1.

TCP segment
UDP datagram
WDM
UTP cable
TDM
Coaxial cable
Ipv6 address
IPv4 datagram
STP cable
FDM
Ethernet frame
Ethernet broadcast address

Exam in Computer Networks A 22 April 2013

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
9.

FF : FF : FF : FF : FF :FF

Page 2

Exam in Computer Networks A 22 April 2013

Page 3

10.

11.

2. At which protocol layer in the five layer TCP/IP model are the following
standards and protocols situated? (Only one layer for each sub-question)
(6 p)
a)
b)
c)
d)

RFC 2373; Ip version 6 addressing architecture.

RFC 768; User Datagram Protocol.
RFC 2616; Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1
The IEEE 802.3ab standard, also known as 1000BASE-T, which defines gigabit
Ethernet transmission over unshielded twisted pair (UTP) category 5, 5e, or 6
cabling. This standard does not specify the frame format.
e) The IEEE 802.3x MAC sublayer frame format, common for all Ethernet II and
IEEE 802.3 networks independent of physical media.
f) The V.42 error control standard used in dialup modems. It is based on
automatic repeat request (ARQ) of data packets, and the ITU-T standard
CRC32 polynomial
x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1.

Exam in Computer Networks A 22 April 2013

Page 4

3. Explain the concept of Internet sockets. (Use the terms process, operational system,
interface, port number, socket address, socket identifier, netstat command, IP address,
server, client, TCP, UDP, listening state, uniquely identified by.)
(6 p)
4. Rita och beskriv vad som hnder nr ngon klickar p en webblnk, hur adresser hittas
och omvandlas, hur frfrgan verfrs frn webblsare till server, och webbsidan (med
inbddade bildfiler) verfrs tillbaka. Webblsaren och servern tillhr samma
fretagsnt (intrant), men olika Ethernet (olika subnet). Anvnd begreppen URL, DNS,
IP-adress, ARP, subnetmask, TCP-sessioner, http 1.1, TCP-handskakning (SYN-paket),
TCP-segment och portnummer.
(10 p)

PROBLEM PART
Show all calculcations.
5. Du inser att deadline fr en hemuppgift nrmar sig, men du har glmt ett dokument p
universitetet som du behver fr att genomfra hemuppgiften. Dokumentet finns
tillgngligt p ntet och har storleken 10 MByte. Du har att vlja mellan att slnga dig p
cykeln och cykla i 30 km/h fram och tillbaka till skolan fr att hmta dokumentet, eller
att tanka hem det via ett gammalt telefonntsmodem som klarar hastigheten 56 kbits/s
nedstrms och 48 kbit/s uppstrms, och som komprimerar dataverfringen med 30%.
Vid hur mnga km avstnd till skolan tjnar du tid p att cykla? (Fr att berkna tiden fr
att hmta dokumentet behver du endast ta hnsyn till tiden fr att cykla.)
(4 p)
6. A 150 mW signal is sent over a 1 km long cable, which attenuates the signal 0.02
dB/meter. What is the signal strength in mW in the other end of the cable?

(2 p)

7. A TDM multiplexer combines four 8-Mbps channels using time slots of 4 bits. An
overhead consisting of a frame header of 8 bit is added. What is the frame rate? What is
the frame duration? What is the total bit rate of the multiplexed signal? What is the bit
duration at the transmitted channel?
(3 p)
8. Below you find the constellation diagram for a modem. The bit rate is 3 Mbit/s.

(5 p)

011

010

001

110

000

111

100
101

a) What modululation method is used? PSK, ASK, QAM or FSK? How many symbols?

Exam in Computer Networks A 22 April 2013

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b) Vhat is the symbol rate fsym in baud or symbols/second?

c) Draw the time diagram for the message 110000001. The carrier frequency (sw.
brfrekvensen) is 2 MHz. The time axis should be correctly graded. The horizental axis of
the diagram (the I axis or inphase axis) corresponds to a sine wave amplitude, and the
vertical axis (the Q axis, quadrature phase) shows the amplitude of the cosine component.
9. Tv routrar R1 och R2 har routingtabeller enligt fljande.

(6 p)

Routingtabell i R1:
Subnet adress
193.15.2.0
129.14.0.0
default

Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
255.255.0.0

Next hop
LAN A
R2
Internet

Routingtabell i R2:
Subnet adress
129.14.1.0
129.14.2.0
default

Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0

Next hop
LAN B
LAN C
R1

Vilka av de tv routrarna genomgr fljande paket, och vilka nt nr de (LAN A, B, C eller

Internet)?
a) Ett paket frn LAN A, med destinationsadress 129.14.1.101
b) Ett paket frn LAN B, med destinationsadress 193.15.3.0.
c) Ett paket frn LAN C, med destinationsadress 129.14.2.253
d) Ett paket frn Internet, med destinationsadress 129.14.255.255, dvs en
broadcastingadress.

Exam in Computer Networks A 22 April 2013

Page 6

Formelblad Datorntverk A
Hr fljer ett urval av de formler som behandlas under kursens gng.
Prefix

kilo (k)= 103. Mega (M) = 106. Giga (G) = 109. Tera (T) = 1012.
milli (m)= 10-3. Micro () = 106. Nano (n) = 10-9. Pico (p) = 10-12.
1

Frekvens (Hertz) av periodisk signal: f = T

, T = 1f dr T r signalens periodtid i sekunder.

vertonsspektra:

Grundfrekvens (first harmonic) f,

frsta verton (second harmonic) 2f,
andra verton (third harmonic) 3f, osv.
DC-komponent (likspnning) 0 Hz.

Datatakt (bit rate i bit/s):

R=

Informationsmngd (bit):

L bitar kan representera M = 2 N olika koder.

1
Tb

, Tb =

L = log 2 M =
Decibelmtt:

dr Tb r transmissionstiden fr en bit

log M
(Oftast rcker huvudrkning.)
log 2

Effektfrstrkning (power gain) GdB = 10 log10

Put
(ofta rcker
Pin

huvudrkning)
Dmpning (attenuation) AdB = GdB = 10 log10
Signal-brusfrhllande SNRdB = 10 log10

Put
P
= 10 log10 in
Pin
Put

S
N

Kaskadkopplade frstrkare: GTotaltdB = G1dB + G2 dB + G3 dB + ...

Analog bandbredd (Hertz):

Bandbredd = vre grnsfrekvens minus undre grnsfrevens.

Basbandsbandbredd = vre grnsfrekvens.
Nyquists formel fr samplingsfrekvens (samples/s): f Sampel > 2 B krvs fr att undvika vikningsdistorision
Nyquists formel fr symboltakt:

(aliasing). Hr r B den samplade signalens basbandsbandbredd.

f S < 2B
dr f S r symboltakt i baud eller symboler/s, och B r

kanalens bandbredd. Gller frmst linjekoder. I praktiken r f S < B vid

mnga digitala modulationsmetoder, t.ex. QAM, PSK och ASK.
Hartleys formel fr digital modulation: R = f S log 2 M
dr R r datatakt, f S r symboltakt i baud eller symboler/s, och M r antal
symboler, t.ex. vid M-QAM eller M-PSK-modulation
Shannon-Heartleys formel:

I = B log 1 +
2 N
dr I r kanalkapaciteteten (max informationstakten eller net bit rate, inkl.
ev. felrttande kod, i bit/s), B r bandbredden i Hertz och S/N r signalbrusfrhllandet i gnger (inte decibel).

TTx =

L
R

dr L r meddelandets lngd i bit, och R r datatakt i bit/s.

verfringstid (propagation time): Tp =

d
v

dr d r avstndet, och v r utbredningshastigheten.

Transmissionstid:

Ljusets och radiovgors utbredningshastighet: c = 3108 m/s