PHYSICS

DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY

Class IX A
Femi Tania

Acknowledgement
Puji syukur kita panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena
atas rahmat-Nya saya dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini tentang Dynamic
Electricity. Saya juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Rismawati
karena telah memberi saya kesempatan untuk mempebaiki nilai saya
dengan memberikan tugas ini.
Saya menyadari pada makalah ini terdapat kekurangan, akan tetapi
saya akan terus memperbaiki kekurangan itu. Oleh karena itu, saya harap
dimaklumi dan saya senantiasa mengharapkan masukan demi
penyempurnaan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini bermanfaat.

Femi Tania (IX A)

DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY
A. Electric Current

Electric current ( I ) has a charge flow from

higher to lower potentials.

Electron ( - ) flows from lower potential to higher

potential.

Cl
ose circuit

1. Electric Current
Formula :

I=

Q
t
Coulomb
second

WHERE:
I

= Electric Current (A)

= Electric Charge (C)

= time (s)

t=

Q
I

Q=I.t

Coulomb
Ampere

C
A

=A.s
= Coulomb (C)

1 A = 103 mA
1

= Ampere .
second

M A = 10-6 A

1 mA = 103

M A

Electric current is measured in coulombs per second and measure

by using tool named amperemeter, setting in series in a circuit, its unit is

The Formula:
=

scale that pointed by the pointer

x measure limit
maximal scale

ampere (A).

2. Switch and Fuse

Switch is to disconnect and connect the electric current.
Fuse or protective tool is always set in each electric circuit like the
electric current in house, television or car. As an automatic current
breaker.
FIGURE :

Switch

Fuse

B. Electric Resistance
1. Ohms Law
A German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm, in 1827 found the
relationship between electric current, resistance, and voltage source. The
finding, then, is known as Ohms Law. In Ohms law, concluded that the
potential difference is proportional to the current ( V I )

FORMULA:
V=I.R
R=

= Ampere .
Ohm

=A.

V
I

I=

Volt
Ampere

V
R
Volt

= Ohm

= volt (V)

I ~ V Electric current is directly proportional to the current.

I~

1
R

Electric current is inversely proportional to the

resistance.

The tool to measure resistance is ohmmeter.

A
Amperemeter
Electric current (I)
(R)
Ampere (A)

Voltmeter
potential different (V)

Volt (V)

meter
Ohmmeter
resistance

Ohm ()

2. The Factors Influencing Resistance of a

Conductor
The resistance of a conductor is smaller if the cross area is enlarged.
If the wire length is expressed with ( l ), the resistance in each wire
R . A= .l
length wire with resistivity ( ), and the wire cross area with (A). The
formula:

R=

l
A

l
R

l=R

ohmm x m
2
m

A=

ohmm2
2
m

ohm m x m
ohm
=

m2

ohm x m2
ohm m

3. Resistance in Daily Life

A resistor functions to manage the electric voltage and current so
that the components in an electric circuit might function well. Constant
resistance are commonly used as components in radio, television, and
other electronic appliances.

C. Resistance Circuit

1. In Series:

Problem Solving :
Given: R1 = 50, R2 = 75, R3 = 100,
R4 = 200, R5 = 400, R6 = 125
Asked: Rt = ?
Answer : Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 +R5 +
R6
= 50 + 75 + 100 + 200 +
400 + 125

2. In Parallel :

If the parallel circuit just have

two branches, we can use:

Rp=

R1 x R 2
R1 + R2

Problem Solving :
Given : R1= 50, R2= 40, R3= 200
Asked : Rp = ?

200

=
10
Answer:

1
1 1 1
= + +
R p R1 R2 R 3
1 1
1
+ +
50
40
200
20

4
5
1
10
+
+
=
200 200 200 200

D. Kirchoffs Rules
1. Current in Non-Branched Circuit
The current flows from positive pole of
the battery to the bulb and them to the
negative pole. As the source of electric
current voltage, the battery returns the
electron to the positive pole. The electric
current flows without starting do not point
nor end that it is said that the current flows
in a closed circuit. The current in a nonbranched circuit is equal any where.

2. Current in Branched Circuit

branching point
current from the branching.
Khircoffs

The amount of ingoing current in a

is equal to that of outgoing
This satement is known as the first of
rule, formulated as follows :
I =I 1 + I 2+ I 3 =I

'

Problem Solving:
Given : I2 = 5A, I3 = 4A, I4 = 6A,
I5 = 3A
Asked : I1 = ?
Answer :

I = I out

I1 + I3 + I5 = I2 + I4
I1 + 4 + 3 = 5 + 6
I1 + 7

= 11

I1

= 11 7
=4A