Topic : Flight Planning

Objective :To give exposure and skills in the process with flight work, arranging
and determining the data that will be needed before photogrammetry project is
conducted.
Aims:
i.
ii.
iii.

Prepare and calculate basic information of the flight planning

Produce one flight planning chart
Design the flight lines and marking the total number of aerial
photographs and strips on the map.

Procedure :
Prepare flight planning information for the aerial photography of the SHAH ALAM
at normal scale of 1:6000. The area to be covered is approximately 15X15 km,
and the photography will be used for the various agencies.

1. For WIDE_ANGLE PHOTOGRAPHY (f = 152.00mm, format 23 x 23cm)

compile the following information:A.
i)
the flying height (Ht) above the average height of the terrain
solution :
s=
f
H
1 = 0.152
6000
H
H= 912m
ii)

the flying height (Hm) above the mean sea level (the terrain altitude
going from sea level to 50m)
solution:
s=
f
Hm-havg
1
= 0.152
6000 Hm-912
Hm = 1824+50
Hm = 1874m
iii)
the air base (B) for 60% longitudal overlap
solution:
PE= G-B 100
G=0.23 6000
G
=1380m
60=1380-B 100
1380
B= 552m
iv)

the resulting base/height ratio (B/Ht)

B/Ht = 552/912
= 0.6053
B. For single photographs:

i.

the length (in distance covered on the terrain) of one side of the
photograph.
Solution:
Length = 0.23 6000
Length = 1380m
ii.

The diagonal distance (again in terms of ground distance) across the

photograph.
solution:
length of overlap: 60+40+40 =140%
length of overlap: 140/100 0.23 =0.322m
diagonal distance = (0.23)+(0.322)
= 0.396 6000
= 2376m
iii.
the terrain area covered by the model
solution:
area= 1380 (0.322 6000)
area= 1380 1932
area= 2666160m
C. For stereo-model

i.
the diagonal distance across the model
solution:
length of overlap: 60
length of overlap: 60/140 0.23 =0.099m
diagonal distance = (0.23)+(0.099)
= 0.250 6000
= 1500m

ii.
the terrain area covered by the model
solution:
area= 1380 (0.099 6000)
area= 1380 594
area= 819720 m

D. Calculate the seperation (in ground distance) between adjacent flight line for:-

i.
15% lateral overlap
Solution:
G= 0.236000
= 1380m
PS= G-W 100
G
15= 1380-W 100
1380
W= 1173m
ii.
20% lateral overlap
Solution:
G= 0.236000
= 1380m
PS= G-W 100
G
20= 1380-W 100
1380
W= 1104m

E. For variations in relief of 150 metres from the average ground level likely to be
encountered over the area of single photograph, determine the relief
displacement likely to be a countered:

i.
at radial distance of 10cm. from the principal point
solution:
d = rh
H
d = 0.1150
912
d = 0.0164m

ii.
in the corner of the photograph
solution:
d = rh
H
d = 0.23150
912
d = 0.038m

iii.

what are the corresponding scale changes that will result from these
variations in relief.

F. For objects such as trees and houses, with a likely height of 10 metres,
determine the maximum relief displacement likely to be present.
Solution:
d = rh
H
r = (x+y)
r = (25000)+(45000)
r =51.478m
d = 51.478 10
912
d = 0.564m
2. For SUPER-WIDE ANGLE PHOTOGRAPHY (f = 8.5cm, format 230 x 230mm),
calculate whatever necessary, the variation in the above parameters.
Flying height(H) = s = f
H
1/6000 = 0.085/H
H = 510m
Distance in the ground for single photograph
=0.23 6000
=1380m
Area in the ground for single photograph
=1380 1380
=1904400m
3. Comparing the two sets of figures from 1 and 2 and the appropriate
diagrams state which type of photograpy would select and write a
justification for you decision.
Solution :
from figure 1 and 2 the scale for the figure is same however the focal length
of the camera is different. Based on the information provided the flying height
(H) can be defined which is photograph 1 H = 912m and photograph 2, H =
510m. The photograph 1 is more preferred because it has high altitude
compared to photograph 2.thus fewer high altitude photos are therefore
required to cover a given area.
4. On the sheet of tracing paper and the copy of Topo Map scale 1:50000,
draw the following information:i.
ii.

the flight line

the cover of each strip and lateral overlaps.

Comments :
1. based on the calculation had been make the flying height above the terrain
is 912m while the flying height above MSL is 1874m.