She always has tea with toast for breakfast.

Siempre toma te con tostadas en el desayuno.

In English toast is a mass noun, i.e., it is uncountable, that is why it is used in singular form. In
contrast, in Spanish tostada is a countable noun, so it can take singular or plural form. In this case tostada is
used in plural form to generalize and it is not pre-modified by the definite article since it is head of the preposition
with.
I dont have a red pencil.
No tengo lapiz rojo.
In English we use the indefinite article in negative constructions with indefinite singular nouns,
whereas in Spanish zero article is used.
Contemplaba las aguas del ro desde la ventana.
She was gazing at the waters of the river from the window.
Mass nouns, water and aguas, are quantified for poetic effect in both English and Spanish.
Therefore, this is a case of correspondence.
La arquitecta present su proyecto a tiempo.
The architect presented her project on time.
Most professions take masculine or feminine forms in Spanish. In English, professions are
invariable, i.e., they do not take masculine or feminine forms. However, in Spanish there are also nouns denoting
professions which are invariable and the sex of the person is expressed by means of the article or adjective such as
el/la cantante, el/la atlta. In English, there are also nouns denoting professions which take masculine or plural
form. For example: actor/actress, waiter/waitress.
En Argentina los cumpleaos se celebran despus de 12.
In Argentina birthdays are celebrated alter 12.
In Spanish, the noun cumpleaos is always used in plural form whether we refer to one event or
more. In English, the noun birthday can take plural or singular form depending if we refer to one or more than
one event. The definite article is used in Spanish to generalize whereas in English the article is omitted for such
purpose.
Several sheep were found lost in the field.

Varias ovejas fueron encontradas perdidas en el campo.

In English the noun sheep is always used in plural form whether we refer to one event or more. In
Spanish, the noun ovejas can take plural or singular form depending if we refer to one or more than one animal.
Only one student in my class wears glasses.
Slo uno de mis estudiantes usa anteojos.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the nouns glasses and anteojos
are cases of ordinarily plural, which are words only used in plural form because they refer to entities which
comprise two parts (binary nouns). In both languages the article is omitted to generalize.
Felicitaciones por los logros obtenidos!
Congratulations for your achievements!
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the nouns felicitaciones and
congratulations are cases of ordinarily plural, which are words only used in plural form because they are
perceived as comprising an indefinite number of parts (aggregate nouns).
They like hunting rabbit on weekends.
Les gusta cazar conejos los fines de semana.
The noun rabbit is an instance of double plural in English. In this case the animal is thought of as
a category or viewed as a pray, so zero plural is preferred. In Spanish, the plural has been used to generalize.
She has two rabbits in her yard.
Tiene dos conejos en su patio.
This is a case of correspondence because in both languages it is an instance of double plural
English, which are words that refer to animal names. In this case, in both languages the plural '-s' has been used
since the animal is thought of an individual.
El palacio Ferreyra fue transformado en un museo.
Ferreyra palace was turned into a museum.
In Spanish we use the definite article with nouns denoting names of buildings whereas in English,
zero article is used in such cases. Thus, this is a case of non-correspondent use.
We use the indefinite article in both cases as an unstressed variant of numeral one.
Se compr una casa en Lomas de Zamora. La casa es de tres pisos y tiene dos baos.

She bought a house in Lomas de Zamora. The house has three floors and two bathrooms.
In both languages the indefinite article (una casa and a house) is used to introduce a singular
count noun into the text; that is to say, the noun is mention in the text for the first time. In both languages, the
noun is premodified by the definite article (la casa and the house) when it is the second time the noun is referred
to.
La mansin que se compr no se justifica con el sueldo que tiene.
The mansion that she bought
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the definite article is used with
cataphoric reference, i.e., the reference is established by the postmodifier which is a subordinate adjectival clause
modifying a noun mansion.
Asesino confiesa crimen.
Murderer confesses crime.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the article is omitted in newspaper
headlines.
La computadora se comenz a usar con ms popularidad en los noventa.
The computer became more popular in the 90s.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the noun is premodified by the
definite article since such article is used with singular countable nouns representing a class of things in order to
generalize.
El perro es uno de los animales ms compaeros.
The dog is one of the most loyal animals.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the noun is premodified by the
definite article since such article is used with singular countable nouns representing a class of things in order to
generalize.
This is a case of correspondent use since in both languages we use the definite article as a
premodifier of the noun when this is modified by a superlative.
The next flight is in 15 minutes.
El prximo vuelo es en 15 minutos.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages the definite article is used because
the noun is premodified by the ordinal next, prximo.

They are meeting near Trafalgar Square.

Se encontrarn cerca de la plaza Trafalgar.
In English, zero article is used before nouns denoting proper names of buildings, whereas in
Spanish the definite article is used.
Aconcagua is situated in the province of Mendoza.
El Aconcagua se encuentra en la provincial de Mendoza.
In English, zero article is used before nouns denoting proper names of geographical features,
whereas in Spanish the definite article is used

We are seeing each other at seven pm on Monday.

Nos veremos a las siete de la tarde el lunes.
In English, zero article is used before nouns denoting expressions of time whereas in Spanish the

definite article is used.

In English, zero article is used before nouns referring to days of the week, whereas in Spanish the
definite article is used.
I am going to Brazil next summer.
Me voy a Brasil el prximo verano.
In English, zero article is used before nouns referring to seasons, whereas in Spanish the definite
article is used.
My arm hurts.
Me duele el brazo.
In English, the possessive determiner is used as a premodifier of nouns referring to parts of the
body whereas in Spanish the definite article is used before such nouns.
I caught him by the arm.
Lo agarr del brazo.
This is a case of correspondent use because in both languages, the definite article is used as a
premodifier of nouns referring to parts of the body in prepositional phrases.

Her mom is in church now and she wont be back until midday.
Su mam est en misa ahora y no volver hasta el medioda.
In English, zero article is used before nouns denoting names of buildings when referred to the
activity usually performed in that place. Instead, in Spanish, we can directly make use of a noun expressing the
activity. Thus, zero article is also used in Spanish.
In English, zero article is used before nouns denoting expressions of time whereas in Spanish the
definite article is used.
Qu hombre ms cabeza dura!
What a stubborn man!
In Spanish the article is omitted in exclamations whereas in English the definite article is used.
Su hermana es abogada y trabaja en el juzgado desde que se recibi.
Her sister is a lawyer and Works at court since she graduated.
The article is omitted is Spanish before nouns denoting jobs or occupations whereas in English the
indefinite article is used before such nouns.

Most professions take masculine or feminine forms in Spanish. In

English, professions are invariable, i.e., they do not take masculine or feminine forms. However, in Spanish there
are also nouns denoting professions which are invariable and the sex of the person is expressed by means of the
article or adjective such as el/la cantante, el/la atlta. In English, there are also nouns denoting professions
which take masculine or plural form. For example: actor/actress, waiter/waitress.
In Spanish, the definite article premodifies nouns denoting names of buildings/places when
referring to the activity usually performed in that place; whereas, in English zero article is used for the same
reason.
Esta pollera queda mejor con o sin cinto?
Is this skirt better with or without a belt?
In Spanish, the article is omitted before nouns which are head objects of the prepositions con or
sin when we generalize whereas in English the indefinite article is used.
No hay valor ms valioso que la sinceridad.
There is no more valuable value than honesty.
In Spanish, the definite article + abstract noun is used when referring to a concept in general to
generalize; whereas, in English zero article is used for such purpose.
La gente cree que no ganar las prximas elecciones.

People think that he wont win the next elections.

In Spanish, the definite article is used as a premodifier of plural/singular count nouns to make
generalizations; whereas in English, zero article is used before plural nouns to generalize.
How are the elderly treated in your country?
Cmo tratan a los ancianos en tu pas?
In English, the definite article is used before nominalized adjectives to generalize. In Spanish, the
definite article is used before pluralized adjectives to generalize.
El chino es un idioma difcil de aprender.
Chinese is a difficult language to learn.
In Spanish, the definite article is used before names of languages in subject position whereas in
English, the article is omitted.
Lo mejor de ese libro son las reflexiones del escritor acerca de la Guerra.
The best thing about that book is the thoughts of the writer about the war.
The neutral article in Spanish is used as a premodifier of an adjective to generalize. In English, the
definite article is used as a premodifier of the noun when this is modified by a superlative.