Handbook For Engineered Stone Paving and Maintenance (2014)

Handbook For Artificial Stone Paving
And Maintenance
(2014 Version)
Wanfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.
Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.
Contents
Classification Of Stone And Definition Of Artificial Stone.......................1
Factors Determine Performances Of Artificial Stone.................................2
About Radioactivity Of Artificial Stone.....................................................3
Tips For Artificial Stone To Be Bright As Before......................................4
Technique For Artificial Stone Flooring.....................................................5
Classification Of Dry-hanging Methods...................................................11
Solutions For Hollowing, Lifted Edge And Cracks..................................13
Solution For Scratches And Water Corrosion...........................................20
Crystal Surface Maintenance Of Ground Renovation..............................27
Precautions For Daily Maintenance---Showrooms And Malls.................33
FAQS---General Knowledge....................................................................37
FAQs---About Construction.....................................................................41
Wanfengs Integrated Service...................................................................45
Classification Of Stone And Definition Of Artificial Stone

As a kind of top-grade building materials, decorative stone is known by few people
about its classification and functions. Artificial stones can mainly be classified into
natural stone and artificial stone. Normally, the stone in the market are marble, granite,
terrazzo and synthetic stone. Among the marble stones, the white marble is of
top-grade.Granite is harder than marble. Terrazzo is made from cement, stone granule.
etc. Synthetic stone uses gravel of natural stone as its raw material, which is then
pressed and polished with adhesive. The last two of the stones mentioned above are
artificial stones. Thus they are harder than the natural stone.
Wanfeng Engineered Stone Co., Ltd is a national high-tech enterprise combining
technology R&D, production, sales, application design, site construction and
after-sale maintenance services of artificial stone and its deep processed products.
Products of Wanfeng stone includes artificial marble, quartz stone and inorganic
stone.
1.
Artificial Marble Series
Wanfeng artificial marble can be classified into exquisite marble, rough aggregate
marble and hardened marble. Now Wanfeng has full-fledged products of five
generations, with seventy or eighty color patterns.
The raw materials for artificial marble are aggregate, filler(natural marble and its
powder) and binding material(unsaturated polyester resin). Sometimes, in order to
enhance its decorative effect, shell, glass or even materials with metallic luster will
also be used as raw materials. After the stirring, vacuum pressing, vibration molding
and solidifying process, stone block is then incised and polished into decorative
artificial stone.
Production process of artificial marble--- Stone block method

1

2.
Quartz Stone Series
Wanfeng quartz stone uses natural quartz as its raw material and is produced through
the unique platen process. The platen process includes some patent techniques, like
automatically material distribution, top-grade pressing system and ultra-pure system.
Artificial quartz consists of more than 90% natural quartz and quartz powder, and
about 10% resin, pigment, and other additives used for binding and solidification.
After the process of vacuum-negative pressure, high vibration and moderate
solidification, artificial quartz can have the following incomparable features: high
resistance of scratch, pressure, heat,corrosion and permeation. Thus artificial quartz is
a kind of top-grade stone with broad market prospects.
Raw Materials
Storage & Delivery
Mixing &Stirring
Distribution
Inspection
Cutting & Polishing
Vacuum Pressing
Solidification
Production process of artificial quartz---platen process

3.
Inorganic Stone Series
Inorganic stone can be called inorganic marble, which is made from inorganic binding
materials with aggregate and filler. Filler can be natural quartz, granite, feldspar or
marble, etc. The production process of inorganic stone is basically the same with that
of the artificial stone, which means the stone block method and platen process.
Compared to the traditional artificial stone, inorganic stone solves the problems of
outdoor usage (inorganic stone can be used outdoor), cement mortar paving and other
technical problems. Its a kind of green and environmental decorative material with
broad development prospects.
Factors Determine Performances Of Artificial Stone

The main factors that determine the performances of artificial stone include density,
water absorption, Mohs hardness, abrasion resistance, flexural strength and
compressive strength, CLTE (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion), acidresistance, gloss, etc.
The greater density means more compact of molecular structure, which leads to
2
more stable products.

Water absorption is the percentage that the quantity of water absorbed by stone
pores against the quantity of the stone. Stones with different water absorption
have different performances.
The higher the compressive strength and flexural strength are, the better the
quality is.
Mohs hardness indicates the abrasion resistance. Higher Mohs hardness means
better abrasion resistance.
acid-resistant indicates the anti-corrosion.
Gloss represents light reflection performance of the stone surface.
About Radioactivity Of Artificial Stone

What is radioactivity, how does it happen?
In nature, elements with unstable nucleus that sometimes spontaneously changes into
new nucleus of other element, are called radioactive elements. In the process of fusion
or fission, these elements release a special kind of ray (referred to as alpha, beta,
gamma rays depending on their nature). This phenomenon is known as radioactivity.
2. Radioactivity is a common phenomenon in the physical world. The human body
itself is a radioactive source. Therefore,don't be too scared at radioactivity from stones.
General objects have very low radiation,and will not endanger human health.
China has established three kinds of standards (A, B, C) regarding stone radioactivity.
Only those that meet standards of A can be used in the room.
Is the artificial stone radioactive? How do we identify?
During the sedimentation process, the natural stone accumulated a number of unstable
elements, which leads to the result of exceeding the limit. But with raw materials
strictly screened, excessive radioactive elements have been completely removed from
artificial stones, which enables our products to fully conform to class-A standards for
civil radioactive protection of building materials (GB6566-2001 standards).
Is it that the deeper the color, the stronger the radioactivity
Is it true that the deeper the color, the stronger the radioactivity is? There are different
views on this issue. Generally speaking, the granites with red, green color and spotted
series are more radioactive (such as Indian red, cuckoo red). The granites of dark
(including black, blue and dark brown) and gray series are less radioactive (e.g.
Mongolia black, etc.).
3
Tips For Artificial Stone To Be Bright As Before

Decorative artificial stone is a high-end decoration in decoration industry. Compared
to other decorations, it shows its natural nobility and outstanding elegance. However,
just like people need health care, artificial stone needs maintenance, and only in this
way can it maintain its long-lasting noble elegance.
As mentioned above, artificial stone wont stand still. Whats more, problems will
happen. In order to prevent problems occurred on them, we can pay more attention to
the following three points. Do you want long-lasting new and bright artificial stone?
Then lets see the tips together!
1. Selection of artificial stone
Decoration designers decide what kind of artificial stone they need for the ground
only according to aesthetic effects, and they rarely consider if the artificial stone is
suitable for the occasion. Of the exposed problems of artificial stone application,
many of them are related to improper material selection.
2. Installation of artificial stone
Firstly, according to different occasion, we should apply different maintenance plan.
For example, we need to decide what kind of artificial stone maintenance compound
we should use.Only to choose the right maintenance compound can we get twice the
maintenance result with half the effort.
Secondly, its the artificial stone installation skill. A construction team equipped with
professional skills can ensure installation speed and good effects, at the same time
reducing many problems during installation, for example, edge crack, scratch and so
on. If theres little or no such edge crack and scratch problems, we dont need to use
the refurbishing machine to polish crystals. However, in fact, most of the
newly-installed artificial stones need polishment with machine to achieve overall
smoothness and gloss.
3. Regular crystallization treatment for artificial stone
Using artificial stone maintenance compound as the daily maintenance, we can also
apply regular refurbishment and crystallization treatment according to the specific
situation of the artificial stone.
Technique For Artificial Stone Flooring

For installation of any kind of stone, the whole installing process is to assemble
various kids of materials. Thus the final installation effect is related to not only the
construction process, but also the performance and matching of the materials. Taking
these into account, Wanfeng designed specific installation methods for different stone
slabs and different application environments. The installation methods are as follows:
Installation Methods
Soft-base Method
Hard & Thin Base Method
Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base Method
Applicable conditions
Products of 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation
Products of 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation
Products of 4th generation and northern
places with low temperature and warm water
Methods for Flooring Wanfeng Stone

When making the plan for flooring, we should pay more attention to the following
factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
For indoor usage, no strong acid, alkali or high temperature;

Thickness more than 16.5mm, size for long size less than 800mm;
Use two-component polymer modified mortar of high performance as adhesive
(dry powder + emulsion);
Use suitable filler of high flexibility, stain resistance and good refurbishment;
Reasonable construction arrangement, another construction should not be allowed
while flooring in case of early hollowing;
Overall quality control, avoid early defects and solve the problems in time.
1) Plan for ground application

1.Tools
Gypsum plasterboard or cardboard, crossing locator(control the width of between
joints), stirring vat, electric mixer, sawtooth trowel, putty knife, rubber hammer, level
bar, etc. Pictures are as follows:
2.Temperature of the ground

In northern places with low temperature and warm water, we can use Wanfeng J15
adhesive for flooring. Size should be less than 600mm (smaller size, more safety).
Choose filler with good flexibility. Use reliable constructive materials and control the
construction process and products protection strictly.
3.Guidance for leaving joints and products protection:
Operation
Key Points
Cement:Sand = 1:2 (in volume), add the water until we can hold the
Mortar
mortar to be a shape and shake the mortar to disperse it; use simple
Preparation portland cement above 32.5 and sands of medium or thick size with less
than 3% mud and no other organic impurities. (Notice: pave more than
3cm mortar in thickness.)
Uncover the stone slab and add adhesive to four edges of the slab to
Coating
reduce the hollowing probability. Then use a dry duster or a brush to
Adhesive
clean away dust, oil or rust on the adhesive surface of the slab. Add
adhesive to the back of the slab and chamfer the edges.
Width of 2~3mm. Fill the joints five days after paving (later is better).
Filling
Use a cutting knife to cut the joints, clean them up and fill the joints
Joints
with flexible fillers of the same color with the slab (1 day for
solidification). Refurbishment can be done 10 days after the paving.
Normally, leave a structural joint every 5~8m with width of 5~8mm.
Structural
Use a U-shape slot to fill it. Within one year after the construction, do
Joints
not seal the structural joints, for they are used for release the moisture.
Dont pour water over them in daily usage.
Product
Three days after the paving, do not step on the stone, move the goods
Protection
on the stone, set up the ladder or do another construction with heavy
equipments on the stone. If another construction is needed to be done,
6
Quality
Control
Fillers
Crystal
Surface
Treatment
in order to avoid early hollowing, use a firm pad while constructing, for
example using a soft pad to build plywood.
We should uncover a slab every 30m2 for quality checking while
paving. When doing the polishing maintenance, check the edges
carefully to see if theres any hollowing appeared. If theres hollowing
or other quality problems, we need to repair the hollow or pave the slab
again in time.
Use 200~250g professional flexible filler WF-82 every square meter. It
can be polished with high stain resistance. But under condition of high
temperature difference, slabs with high Shore hardness can have
cracking, unrepairable hollow or other problems.
Silicone adhesive filler is of good flexibility, which can adjust to
grounds of high temperature difference. Yet it can not be polished, and
its stain resistance is very low.
Quartz stone uses the jade crystal glaze for maintenance while artificial
marble and inorganic stone use the Wanfeng maintenance set.
2) Soft-base Paving
When the base is not very flat with not enough extension or shearing strength to do
hard-base paving, we need to use dry-wet mortar for paving. Instruction picture is as
follow:

Producing Process:
Adhesive powder S7120
Paste adhesive with sawtooth trowel
Cross-section drawn
3) Hard & Thin Base Method

When the ground base conforms to the following requirements, we can use the thin
base paving method:
1.
2.
Clean base with no dust, oil, stain, wax, paint, water, curing agent or sealing
agent, etc;
Difference of base height not over 3mm within the area of 2m;
8
3.
4.
5.
6.

Enough structural strength to bear the predicted load; when bearing the highest
load, deformation of the central point not more than 1/360 of the whole stone.
Water content of the concrete and mortar base less than 5%;
Shearing strength not less than 0.5MPa, extension strength not less than 1.0MPa;
Concrete base should be maintained more than 28 days.
Guidance for hard & thin base method
Producing Process
4) Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base Method

This method is applicable to warm grounds or products of 4th generation. Guidance
picture is as follow:
Producing Process
5) Paving method for heating floor

1.
Temperature changes quickly in areas of heating floor. Speed of the rising or

falling of the temperature is very high. Thus serious expansion and shrinkage
happens on the slabs. When paving under this condition, pay attention to the
following points:
a. Cohesiveness and flexibility of the adhesive
Choose Wanfeng J15 adhesive
b. Consistency of adhesive, stone slab and paving base

c. Stability of the base size
d. Other ability of the adhesive against extreme weathers
e. Use the adhesive indoors without strong acid or alkali, or high temperature
f. Stone series(Stones of 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation---rough, medium size
aggregate)
g. Size of the stone(Thickness16.5mm, single long side600mm)
h. Filler should be of flexibility, stain resistance, refurbishment, consistent color
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i.
2.

Choose WF-82 to fill the joint. It can be polished with high stain
resistance. But under condition of high temperature difference, slabs

with high Shore hardness can have cracking, unrepairable hollow or
other problems.
Silicone adhesive filler is of good flexibility, which can adjust to grounds
of high temperature difference. Yet it can not be polished, and its stain
resistance is very low.
This guidance is applicable to heating project with floor of thermal radiation.
For electric heating floors, they must have concrete base of not less than
5cm.
Notice for instruction in heating floor
For instruction of heating floor, we must apply Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base

Method. Here are construction guidance for heating project with floor of thermal
radiation:
Guidance For Heating Floor
Classification Of Dry-hanging Methods

Dry-hanging method is a new type of construction technology in modern stone
construction area.With metal pendants to fix the stone on the building, this method
does not need grouting or pasting. Its rationale is to set the main force-bearing points
on the whole body and fix the stone on the building by using metal pendants. Thus
comes a decorative stone wall. Methods for dry-hanging are classified into six types:
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1. Steel Pin Dry-hanging Method

This method is also called stitch-inserting method, being the earliest and simplest
method in dry-hanging stone construction. Steel pin method has two-side and
four-side connections. In terms of the structural feature,two neighboring stones are
fixed on the same steel pin which connected with the connecting plate, and the
connecting plate then is fixed with the skeleton.
2. Single Short-slot Dry-hanging Method
By using a stainless steel or aluminium alloy T-shape walnut, two neighboring stones
are fixed together on the walnut. The walnut is later fixed with the skeleton.
3.Through-slot Dry-hanging Method
The rationale of this method is similar to that of the second method. Yet this method
uses flat-length walnut with slot towards both upper and down sides.For unit-type
stone curtain wall, more construction apply this method.
4. Small unit Dry-hanging Method
Removable constructive curtain wall, which is connected using subframe and plates
with metal hanger, vertical shaft and cross beam, is called small unit constructive
curtain wall. Although the stone used in this method is connected through aluminium
alloy walnut and skeleton, the neighboring stones are each connected with the
skeleton by themselves, which is different from the methods before and totally
changes the physical property, design procedure, processing method and construction
12

method of traditional dry-hanging stone curtain wall.
5. Double Short-slot Dry-hanging Method
This method is an improvement of single short-slot dry-hanging method, fixing two
neighboring stones on a shape walnut. The shape walnut is made of
stainless steel or aluminium alloy, and its better for them to be fixed with the
skeleton.
6. Back Anchor Dry-hanging Method
This method needs to punch on the back of the stone and use an metal anchor to
connect the stone with the keel beam. This is a relatively advanced stone dry-hanging
construction method around the world. The dry-hanging curtain wall consists of the
back-cutting anchor and back-supporting system
Solutions For Hollowing, Lifted Edge And Cracks

1. Whats the reason for hollowing and lifted edge? Whats the solution for
them?
If the slabs for paving are too big, a wrong construction method is applied, there are
people walking on the slabs soon after construction or the adhesive has a bad
performance, hollowing will happen after the paving. In particular, there will be
hollowing, lifted edges on the slab. Also sharply-falling temperature will greatly
increase the probability of the problems mentioned above.
If the lifted edges are not so serious with small hollowing, which means the slab is
still sticking to the base, it is suggested that we should apply relatively economic
repairing method. Fill the organic glue into the hollow to repair it and enhance the
cohesiveness and stability of the ground-base structure.
(Notice: If we use water-borne epoxy resin for repairing, hollowing can happen on the
slab again a few years after usage.)
13

a.
Flow chart for grouting process
Flow Chart For Grouting Process
b.
Construction Procedure
1) Drilling
If we drill holes in area with serious hollowing, the holes should not be too near
to the slab edges. About 15~20cm distance should be left between them and drill
one hole every 30cm. Depth of the hole should be 1 or 1.5 times as the depth of
the slab.
electric hand drill

2) Filler Blending
Mix the Water-based Epoxy Resin with the Water-based Epoxy Curing Agent at
the radio of 2:3 in volume. Stir them into a milky white mixture, and then add
14

5~8 proportions of water. Keep stirring until the mixture become milky.
AB Components of Water-based Epoxy Resin
Electric Mixer
3) Grouting
Use the High Pressure Grouting Machine to pour the filler into the hollow, and
keep knocking around the filled hole with a rubber hammer. This is good for the
permeation of filler. Then knock on the place around the hole to check the spread
of the filler until we cant hear the hollowing sound, which means the hollow has
15

been filled up. We can refill the hollow under special condition.
High Pressure Grouting Machine
Cooperate to Grout
16
Knock While Grouting

4) Press With Heavy Stuff
For areas with serious lifted edge, we can use heavy stuff to press them after
grouting. Then move away the stuff after the resin solidifies with cohesiveness.
Heavy Stuff
17

5) Grouting Machine Cleansing
In order to avoid the blocking by the filler inside the Grouting Machine, we
should clean the machine after it is used constantly for 2 hours or after the
grouting is completed. Thus filler left inside the machine can be cleaned out with
the acetone. When theres no filler inside the Grouting Machine, pour some
engine oil into the machine, switch on the machine and let the oil spread over it in
case of rusting.
6) Check & Inspection
In order to check the filling area, we place heavy stuff on the hollowing part.
After the solidification of resin about 12~24 hours, move away the heavy stuff. If
the hollowing part or lifted edge does not obviously restore and we can hear the
solid sound when knocking, then the repairing is successfully done.
7) Repairing & Polishing
After the grouting of the hollowing part, we can clean up the holes and use
marble adhesive to fill the holes. After the adhesive solidifies, we can polish the
ground and apply crystal surface treatment.
(Notice: Since epoxy resin is of strong cohesiveness and we grout the filler
with high pressure, it is necessary for workers to wear eyepieces, gloves,
respirator and other protective appliance while conducting the grouting
work.)
b. Reworking Process
If the slab has severe lifted edges and big size of hollowing, which means the
slab-base cohesiveness is very low and we can easily lever up the slab, we
suggest that we should apply the reworking process.
Diagram for Reworking Process
18

2. Whats the solution for cracks on stone slab
If the length of the crack is less than 20cm, we suggest that it should be repaired
by the Epoxy Resin provided by our company. After the resin solidifies, polish
the stone and apply the crystal surface treatment.
Repair By Epoxy Resin
If the length of the crack is more than 20cm, we suggest that we should pave a
new stone slab, and the repairing process is as follow:
Diagram for Repairing Process
19
Solution For Scratches And Water Corrosion

1. Whats the solution for small scratches on artificial stone?
We have the following methods to repair the lowered gloss or scratches on
artificial stone:
a. For shaped series (stone line, etc.)
Steps for repairing are as follows:
Step1: Polish with waterproof abrasive paper

1) Use a piece of hard fiber mat or cotton cloth to spread the C-1# liquid on
the surface of the stone line (wet the surface). Polish with the abrasive paper.
Normally we begin with the 320# abrasive paper, if therere deep scratches,
we can begin with 80# or 120#.
2) There will be white liquid during polishing, when the liquid becomes thick,
keep on addingC-1# liquid.
3) When changing abrasive paper, cover the area polished by the last paper to
avoid omission. When its fully polished, wash away the white liquid with
water and check if theres omission.
4) Then use abrasive paper of (medium) 400#, 800#, (delicate) 1000#, 2000#
and 3000# to polish the stone line one by one. We may add some C-1#
liquid to enhance polishing.
5) After polishing with abrasive paper, wash the stone line with water, dry it and
check if theres omission.
Models of Eagle Brand Abrasive Paper
Step2: Polish with wax

1) Use 1# steel duster to clean up the stone line surface.
2) Coat a thin layer of wax on the surface evenly. Put it aside for 2~3 minutes
and later use 1# steel duster to clean up the wax.
20

3) Use 0# steel duster to scrub the surface until it becomes bright.
4) Then wipe the surface back and forth with a piece of unused dry cloth to get
a bright and flat surface.
5) If the low gloss of the stone line is caused by factors of time or environment,
we just need to do following the 2nd step.
Wax With Hairbrush
Clean Away Wax With Steel Duster

21
Polish With Cloth
Test With Photometer

b. For big slabs and countertops
Repairing steps for serious scratches or corrosion on countertops are as follows:
Step1: Polishing and refurbishing---to eliminate the scratches on the surface;
1) Use manual polishing machine with grinding slices and add some water to
22

polish the surface. Normally, choose grinding slice of 300# to begin polishing.
If theres deep scratch, we can begin with 100#. (Notice: polish with steady
movements in order to prevent unflatness. If possible, use refurbishment
machine or crystal surface machine for polishing)
2) When changing grinding slices, cover the area polished by the last slice to
avoid omission. When its fully polished, wash away the white liquid with
water and check if theres omission.
3) Then keep on polishing following the slice order of (medium) 500#, 800#,
(delicate) 1500#, 3000#, etc.
4) After polishing with grinding slices, wash the surface with water, dry it and
check if theres omission. If tools or machine are limited, we can just follow
the method using abrasive paper.
Manual Polishing Machine
Step2: Polish with wax

Crystal Surface Treatment A
1) Add the same volume of water into the crystal-hardening powder and stir
them. Then paste this pasty mixture on a red polishing pad, which is later
used with the manual polishing machine.
2) Firstly polish in a relatively low speed in area of 60cm*60cm for 0.5~1
minute. Then polish evenly in a high speed until the surface become dry.
3) Notice: There may be liquid splashing while we are polishing, we must
cover to protect things around.
4) Its better to polish with wax in the last process.
Crystal Surface Treatment B
1) Use manual polishing machine with steel duster 0#, 1#, and put the
repairing liquid on the polishing pad.
23

2) Firstly polish in a relatively low speed in area of 60cm*60cm for 0.5~1
minute. Then polish evenly in a high speed until the surface become dry.
3) We can polish following the order of WF-21/WE-22 until we are satisfied.
4) Notice: There may be liquid splashing while we are polishing, we must
cover to protect things around.
Wax Treatment
1) For countertops with relatively low requirements, we can apply wax
treatment.
2) Use steel duster 1# to wipe and clean up the surface.
3) Cover the surface with a thin layer of wax, clean away the wax after 2~3
minutes.
4) Use 0# steel duster to scrub the countertop surface until it becomes bright.
5) Then wipe the surface back and forth with a piece of unused dry cloth to get
a bright and flat surface.
In terms of the three methods mentioned above, if we combine Crystal Surface
Treatment A and B, we can achieve better result. If we use only A or B with wax
treatment, or just use wax treatment, results are not as good as the combined one.
2.
Whats the solution for repairing the artificial stone slabs with large area of
scratches?
Refurbishment is one of the advantages of artificial stone. If theres serious abrasion

or large area of scratches on artificial stone after long-time usage, we can apply
moderate or mild refurbishment treatment to restore the effect of the slabs. According
to the actual status of scratches, refurbishments can be divided into mild, moderate
and deep refurbishment. Before refurbishment, we should adjust the machine to make
it parallel to the ground, and cover the joints of the ground and walls to protect them.
Put an In Maintenance signboard in the place under construction.
Mild Refurbishment
We can apply mild refurbishment when therere slight scratches on the stone slabs. If
theres wax on the ground, clean away the wax first, and then use slices of 500# and
800# to polish the ground with water for ten minutes. While polishing, we should add
more water to keep the ground wet. Besides, we should clean away the polluted water
with a water collector to prevent secondary pollution on the ground. Then change the
grinding slice to 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, and polish following the method mentioned
above. After the refurbishment, wash the ground and clear up the water.
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Polish Quartz Slab
Moderate Refurbishment
When theres no scratch on artificial stone, but it has lost its gloss and cant reflect
anything, we can apply moderate refurbishment. Use grinding slices of 150300#
500#800#1000#2000# and 3000# to polish the ground following the steps of deep
refurbishment.
Deep Refurbishment
After the flatness treatment, use grinding slice of 50#, 150#, 300# with heavy
polishing machine to polish the slab back and forth. Distance of polishing movement
should be 1.5cm~2cm. Polish at least three times on the same area to eliminate the
scratches left by the diamond slice. Add more water during polishing for absorption of
each polishing. Check if the scratches left by the diamond slice are polished away.
While polishing with simple crystal treatment machine, we need to add some weight
(heavy iron) on the machine, and move following the #shape route. Rough
polishing should take up 45% of the total refurbishing time.
Fine polishing requires grinding slices of 500#800# and 1000# to polish away the
marks left during the last step. While polishing, check the scratches with water wiper.
Polish the ground until it reflects slightly. This step takes up about 35% of the total
refurbishing time.
Delicate polishing uses grinding slices of 2000#3000# to polish the stone surface
after fine polishing. Polish the stone until it restore its original gloss. This process
takes up about 20% of the time.
After refurbishment, dry the ground and then we can begin the crystal surface
treatment.
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3.

What are the reasons and solutions for water corrosion on artificial stone?
For all of the artificial stone, if theres water on the surface for a long time, corrosion
will happen. Part of the stone will become white and theres no abnormal touching
feeling on the whitened part. Thus if theres water on the artificial stone, we should
clear it away in time (For more details, please refer to the product instruction of
artificial stone.)
Typical Water Corrosion On Cream-colored Stone
Avoid Outdoor Placing

26

In particular, we should not place the stone slabs outside in the sun or rain. If theres
white part on the stone surface, apply the following treatment:
a.
Uncover the membrane on the white area and place the slab in a dry and
ventilating place. For slight water corrosion, the white area will disappear after
1~3 days; for serious corrosion, drying can last about 1~2 weeks.
b.
If the white corrosion does not disappear after the steps above, we can apply the
following method: Clean the stone surface thoroughly for pretreatment. Its better
to use manual polishing machine and polishing pad for cleaning and polishing.
Mix WF-5A and WF-5B liquid in proportion of 1~2:1 (in volume). Spray the
mixed liquid evenly 5~10ml every square meter on the stone surface after
pretreatment (better to use a sprinkling can). Its better to use the brightening
agent within 2 hours. Ten minutes after finishing the steps mentioned above, wipe
the stone surface with a piece of clean cloth or clean the ground with the mopping
machine. Then dry the ground with polishing pad or clean duster.
c.
If the corrosion still cant be removed after all the methods above, please contact
the product application department in Wanfeng or professional stone refurbishing
team for repairing treatment.
Crystal Surface Maintenance Of Ground Renovation

After the flooring, apply the unflatness treatment first, which can eliminate stones
difference in height during construction. Later, we can begin crystal-hardening
treatment, which form a hard layer of crystal on the stone surface. This crystal layer
brings about stain and scratches resistance, high gloss and a more transparent stone
surface.
1. Renovation Process
Fill the joints(joints between stones)Unflatness treatment (Polish the unflatness part
of the joints)Renovation treatment (rough polish / fine polish / delicate polish /
polishing)crystal surface treatment
2. Equipment Needed
Multifunctional Stone Refurbishing Machine (with heavy load) or Stone Crystal
Surface Renovation Machine, heavy iron, grinding slices of different models,
polishing pad of 3M, vacuum cleaner and water collector, adjustable manual polishing
machine(for small areas) and other materials or tools.
27
Refurbishing Machine (With Heavy Load)
Crystal Surface Renovation Machine

3.
a.
Unflatness Renovation Treatment

Clean up and fill the joints
28

For impurities in the joints, we should first clean them up to avoid dark sides. Then
use the filler of the same color with the stone to fill the joints. Constructors should fill
the joints for several times, and smear the filler towards the same direction at last time
to make the joints full of filler. Filler should be higher than the stone, for it will dent
during solidification. If the filler is lower than the stone, joints will become black after
the later refurbishing.
Fill Joints
b.
Unflatness on joints
After the filler fully solidifies, use grinding slices of 50#100#150# to polish the
joints. This process takes relatively long time. We suggest that we should use heavy
renovation machine with 12 grinding units to polish the joints. If we use small or
manual polishing machine, there will be wavy pattern on the stone due to low
pressure. Polish the joints following a # shape route. For serious unflatness, its
better to polish with a manual polishing machine first.
Use grinding slices specially for marble to polish the joints, which can avoid
chicken-feet shape scratches. We should polish the ground evenly and wholly, and
should not focus on several small areas, or there will be uneven effect on the ground.
Every time after polishing, collect the blots with a water collector in time.
29
c.

Moderate polishing/fine polishing
Use grinding slices following the order of 300#, 500#, 800#, 1000# to polish the
ground.
d.
Delicate polishing
Use grinding slices of 2000# and 3000# to polish the ground after fine polishing.
Keep moving stably in order to avoid new scratches. After the renovation, wash the
ground with water, collect the polluted water, dedust and dry the ground. Then we can
start the final crystalization process.
4.
Polishing Method For Artificial Marble
a. Materials needed
Crystal-hardening powder for artificial stone/marble, Wanfeng Maintenance Liquid
for artificial stone, or imported materials like K2/K3, CR2/CR3, or crystal surface
agent NCL series.
Polishing Pad
Steel Duster
b. Crystal surface treatment

Before the periodical crystal surface treatment or unflatness treatment (joints), we
need to clean up the stone surface. For the first crystal treatment after refurbishing,
wed better use polishing pad of 3M and crystal-hardening powder with polishing
machine to polish the stone surface.
Use machine (>70kg,175rpm) for crystal surface treatment with steel duster of 1#,
and spread 5~10ml repairing liquid within the area of 1~2m2 to polish the stone
following the # shape route. Every time when we add the liquid, we need to polish
the stone for 2~3mins.
Polish the stone following the instructions for crystal surface treatment. After the
crystal maintenance, gloss of the stone can reach more than 8090.
5.
a.
Crystal Treatment for Quartz Stone

Materials needed
30

Wanfeng Crystal Glaze Series (WF-31/ WF-32) is suggested. We can also use Nano
Silicon Materials for Crystal Treatment that can be bought from the market.
b. Crystal surface treatment
1) For stones after refurbishing, we should clean away the dust or other dirts on
them.
2) Use machine for crystal treatment with polishing pad of 3M, set the speed of the
wheelhead on 175r/min and pressure of about 75kg. Polish the stone evenly
within the area of 1~2m2.
3) While polishing with crystal glaze 1# and 2#, spray the liquid on the stone
5~10ml every square meter. Spray the glaze 1# and 2# in turn according to the
gloss of the stone and polish it for 2~3 times. Add the water in time while
polishing, or stop the machine. Because when polishing on a dry stone, the
polishing pad will be overheated and cause adverse effect.Every time when we
spray the repairing liquid on the stone, we should fully polish it and deal with the
sides, in case we leave some liquid marks on the stone.
4) Finally, we need to clean away the dust. We can use electrostatic dust collector to
do this. If therere liquid marks, we can use the crystal treatment machine with a
clean polishing pad or steel duster to apply dry polishing.
Crystal Glaze Series WF-31/WF-32
31

6. Crystal Treatment for Inorganic Stone
a. Choosing repairing liquid
We recommend you to use the repairing liquid developed by Wanfeng specially for
crystal treatment of inorganic stone. The liquid is composed of C-3 and Q-2 Liquid.
C-3
b. Crystal treatment
1) For stones after refurbishing, we should clean away the dust or other dirts on
them.
2) For stones after refurbishment, spray the C-3 Liquid on the stone surface
(10ml/m2). Then use machine for crystal treatment with polishing pad of 3M, set
the speed of the wheelhead on 175r/min and pressure of about 75kg. Polish the
stone evenly within the area of 1~2m2 for 2~3 times. While polishing, follow the
Z-shape route.
3) Spray the Q-2 Liquid (5~10ml/m2) on the stone surface while polishing. Then
polish the stone for 2~3 times.
4) Keep the ground wet while polishing and add the repairing liquid in time, or the
polishing pad will be overheated during dry polishing. Every time when we spray
the repairing liquid on the stone, we should fully polish it and deal with the sides,
in case we leave some liquid marks on the stone.
5) Finally, we need to clean away the dust. We can use electrostatic dust collector to
do this. If therere liquid marks, we can use the crystal treatment machine with a
clean polishing pad or steel duster to apply dry polishing.
32
During Crystal Treatment
Precautions For Daily Maintenance---Showrooms And Malls

In order to protect the unique glossness and texture of artificial stone and its
advantages, we need to do some daily maintenance.
1.
Precautions for daily use
a.
Do not use acidic cleaner for the artificial stone surface! Toilet cleaner or tile
cleaner are prohibited for artificial stone cleansing. Used duster or mop must be
cleaned with water before they are used for artificial stone cleansing.
b. It is recommended to use dry dust mop or a vacuum cleaner for dust removal
work.
(Notice: Do not moisten the stone surface, or it will cause pollution in the place of
scratches.)
33
Dry Dust Mop

c.
d.
e.
If theres liquids, such as coffee, tea and juice, on the ground, please clean it up in
time; If there are obvious marks, then crystal surface treatment is needed.
When moving the goods, do not drag them on the ground.
Measures should be taken around each entrances of the showroom. aluminum
alloy dust-removing doormats should be placed outside the door while the
high-quality cotton oil-absorbing carpet should be placed inside the entrance.
Oil absorbing carpet should also be placed in the toilet and outside the
washroom door.
Outdoor Sand-removing Carpet

34
Indoor Dust-removing Carpet
2.
Maintenance methods for stereo-application of artificial stone (wall, pillar,

door line, skirting line)
a.
Judging from the dust-absorbing condition of the stone surface, use the vacuum
cleaner to sweep away the dust if necessary, or use a rug to scrub it.
b.
If the stone surface loses its glossness, take the polishing treatment with granite
and marble wax. Main steps are as follows:
(1) Firstly, clean up dust on the surface;
(2) Coated the surface a layer of wax with a piece of soft cloth;
(3) When the wax becomes dry, paste the wax with the 1# steel wire wiper;
(4) Use soft cloth or 0# steel wire wiper to clean the stone until the surface
become bright.
(Notice: Do not wash or wipe with water.)
c.
Apart from those steps above, we can also use some stain-proofing agents to
clean the artificial stone in the exhibition hall and reduces the fingerprints caused
35

by touching the stone .
3.
Maintenance methods for the ground
a.
Cleaning and dust removal work should be done at least 2 ~ 4 times a week, for
some larger area around the entrance or the flows of visitors, cleaning should be
done 1 time a day. Check the dust-removing carpet every day and use a vacuum
cleaner to remove dirt on it in time. Replace the carpet if necessary.
b.
Regular crystal surface treatment should be done according to the actual

condition. For common areas, it should be done 1 ~ 2 times per quarter; for the
areas around the gate of the showroom, corridor and other crowded places, it
should be done weekly.
c.
Methods for crystal surface treatment: artificial stone repairing liquid (RH1,
RH2, RH3). With 1# steel wool and liquid dosage of 5 ~ 10 ml/m2, crystal
treatment machine sprays the repairing liquid on stone surface. Then the machine
will polish the stone surface according to the ordering of RH1-RH2-RH1 until the
surface become as bright as you like.
d.
According to the abrasion of the ground, appropriate mild/moderate renovation is

needed. For common areas, a moderate renovation should be done each 1 ~ 2
years; for the areas around the gate of the showroom, corridor and other crowded
places, a mild/moderate renovation should be done every six months.
e.
Because refurbishment requires professional technical skills, it should be done by

the construction and service department from Wanfeng. It is suggested that the
daily crystal surface maintenance should be done by cleaners in the showroom,
and specific technical guidance and needed materials are provided by this
department.
36
FAQS---General Knowledge
1.What are the raw materials of the artificial stone?
The raw materials of the artificial stone are as follows: aggregate, padding, pigment,
decorative material, resin, curing agent and accelerant.
2.What is the classification of artificial stone?
Artificial stone is a kind of synthetic decorative material. According to different
binders used, it can be devided into organic stone, inorganic stone and
organic-inorganic composite stone. Organic (polyester resin) stone is the most widely
used artificial stone due to its best physical and chemical performances among this
three types. Organic stone mainly includes artificial marble, artificial quartz and
acrylic plate.
3.What are the factors that determine the performances of artificial stone?
The main factors that determine the performances of artificial stone include density,
water absorption, Mohs hardness, abrasion resistance, flexural strength and
compressive strength, CLTE (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion), acidresistance, gloss, etc.
The greater density means more compact of molecular structure, which leads to more
stable products. Water absorption is the percentage that the quantity of water absorbed
by stone pores against the quantity of the stone. Stones with different water absorption
have different performances. The higher the compressive strength and flexural
strength are, the better the quality is. Mohs hardness indicates the abrasion resistance.
While higher Mohs hardness means better abrasion resistance, acid-resistant indicates
the anti-corrosion. And gloss represents light reflection performance of the stone
surface.
4.What fields can artificial stone be used?
In terms of the fields of application, we can have a rough division: kitchen cabinet,
sanitary industry, furniture fabrics, abnormity series (square shape, cylindrical surface,
door and window set, artware, handrail, line series, etc), wall tiles and ground tiles.
5.What are the limitations of the traditional artificial stone (artificial marble and
quartz stone)?
a.
They can not be used outdoors, for under the condition of strong ultraviolet
37
b.
c.

radiation, artificial stones will easily fade.
With high coefficient of expansion, they are easily affected by temperature. Thus
they should be kept away from heat source.
High flexibility means easy scratches. Thus they need regular maintenance.
6.What is the difference between artificial marble and artificial quartz?

The main raw material for artificial marble is natural marble with calcium carbonate
as its main components, while the main raw material for artificial quartz is natural
quartz with silicon dioxide as its main components.
7.Whats aggregate? What are the sizes for it?
Aggregate refers to the granules or chips of the natural stone, with a diameter of
0.1mm to 120mm. According to the different diameters, we can decided aggregate
into small aggregate (0< d <1mm), medium aggregate (1mm d 35mm) and big
aggregate (35mm< d 120mm).
8.Whats stone block?
Stone block refers to the cubic decorative billet after the vacuum extrusion process.
Its the rudiment of artificial stone which needs next stage processing (incision,
burnishing, polishing, etc) to become the high quality decorative material.
9.Whats chromatism? Does chromatism happen on artificial stone?
Chromatism refers to the difference among colors. Chromatism on stone happens
when coloring materials are unevenly distributed. Natural stone has undergone a long
time of deposition process, in which elements are unevenly distributed. Thus even
from the same stone quarry, chromatism on the stone is inevitable. While natural
stones are used in large-scale flooring, there may be obvious chromatism and
discordance of the appearance.
During the producing process of Wanfeng artificial stones, raw materials and
pigments are stirred evenly, and pigments are fully combined with aggregates. Thus
Wanfeng artificial stones are of even colors or patterns, which enables them to
perform well in large-scale paving.
10.Whats the difference between resin used to produce artificial stones and
normal resin?
At present, resin used to produce artificial stones mainly includes unsaturated
polyester resin and methyl methacrylate (MMA), both with excellent corrosion
resistance and curing properties. Their ductility and toughness are superior to the
38

ordinary resin.
11.Whether the organic resin will go bad after a long time?
Now there are more adhesives of unsaturated polyester resin and methyl methacrylate
in the market. During the producing process of artificial stones, when resin and
aggregated rocks are pressed together under the vacuum condition, a series of reaction
will happen with the influence of the accelerant, after which we can get a new
material with stable structure. This stable material normally wont have new chemical
reaction while away from the strong ultraviolet.
12.Will organic resin release irritating odors and cause cancer?
Generally, people think that after the indoor decoration, there will be an odor floating
around the space. This irritating odor is released by methanal from the urea resin used
to produce artificial wood board and palm mattress, and urea resins main component
is methanal. The methanal left in the slabs has not participated in the reaction. Thus it
will release irritating odors around and does harm to our health.
Nowadays, UPR (Unsaturated Polyester Resin) is used more often. It wont release
irritating odors that cause cancer. Thus its an eco-friendly adhesive that conforms to
the relevant provisions of the state.
13.Is the artificial stone radioactive?
Natural stone accumulates some unstable elements during the process of
sedimentation, which leads to the result of over-radioactive. However, Wanfeng
artificial stone has a strict selection process of raw materials, which can kick off
over-radioactive elements in artificial stones. Thus, Wanfeng artificial stone conforms
with the Civil Radiation Protection Standards of Building Materials(GB6566-2010
Standard) for A-type decorative materials.
14.What about the fireproof performance of the artificial stone?

People generally think that aluminium hydroxide is added into the artificial stone
during production. As a fire retardant, it is not only antiflaming, but also anti-fuming.
In fact, high-quality artificial stones dont need aluminium hydroxide to achieve its
fireproofing. Their fireproof performance has already reached the National Fireproof
Standard (Grade Three). The fireproofing of Wanfeng inorganic eco-synthetic stone
can reach A1 level, and it is suitable for most places that require high fireproof
performance.
15.What are the special features of artificial stone?
39

With the natural and solid texture of marble, exquisite and bright property of the
ceramics, and easy workability of the wood, artificial stone is the perfect and
innovative high-tech products in limited spaces of the new era, and thus performs well
in every aspect.
16.What are the advantages of artificial stone when compared with ceramics?
For the producing process, artificial stone uses natural stone as its main raw material.
It is pressed under the condition of vacuum and high-frequency vibration, which helps
to get rid of the strong dependence on energy. Ceramics uses clay as its main
component. It is produced through high-temperature firing. Thus ceramics production
requires much energy and causes much pollution.
For the artistic performance, artificial stone is the representation of natural marble.
With its exquisite texture, soft lines, it shows an elegant artistic effect, which is better
than the ordinary ceramic products.
For the use of performance, ceramic products can not have the incomparable
flexibility and ductility of the artificial stone. Whats more, the unique repairability of
artificial stone is favored by many customers.
17.Why the price of artificial stone is generally higher than that of the ceramic
products?
Common decorative materials, such as polished tile, glazed tile and other ceramic
products, pay more attention to their material functions, which means to emphasize
their durability, endurance, etc. However, natural or artificial stone not only pay
attention to the material functions, but also focus more on the decorative functions
and the artistic effects, which means patterns, texture of stone materials, and the
feeling of nature and simplicity. Therefore, the price of artificial stone is higher than
the ordinary ceramic products, for it belongs to the medium-top grade decorative
material.
18.Artificial stone can easily be processed. Then does it mean that the artificial
stone is of low hardness?
Artificial stone has the easy-processing feature. It can be incised according to the
needs of the customers to become all kinds of patterns. Artificial stones
easy-processing feature is determined by its high flexibility, not the low hardness.
Actually, incision of artificial stone is not that easy of what we see. Its hardness can
be comparable to natural stone. Ordinary incising method may cause edge breakage of
the artificial stone. At present, artificial stone is mainly incised through infrared
bridge incising method and water jet incising method.
40

19.How to evaluate the quality of artificial stone?
1) Look: No visually muddy color on the sample, feeling of plastic colloid or tiny
pore on the back surface of the slab;
2) Smell: No irritating odor;
3) Touch: Touch the surface to see if theres a silky feeling and no uneven feeling;
4) Knock: Knock the same pieces of samples on each other to see their unbreakable
property;
5) Check: Check the presence of ISO certificate of quality system, quality inspection
report, products warranty cards and relevant anti-fake labels.
FAQs---About Construction
1. What are the reasons for pores and a pitted surface of the artificial stone?
If the air is not fully pulled away during the pressing process, bubbles will occur
inside the stone. While the bubbles are broken under the condition of high pressure or
incision, pores and a pitted surface are formed.
Nowadays, most of the producing processes apply the method of vacuum vibration
supression, in which air is nearly fully pulled away.With a dense feature, few pores or
pitted surface will occur. Besides, Wanfeng has established a strict standard for
product testing, and this ensures that the products provided for our clients will not
have such kind of problem.
2. What are pinholes and sand holes. How do they happen and how can we
prevent them?
Pinholes and sand holes refer to relatively big holes on the surface of an artificial
stone. They wont affect to much on the appearance of the stone. After the stone
comes into use, pinholes can easily hide some dirt, which is inconvenient for cleaning
and maintenance.
Artificial stones from Wanfeng all undergo a strict testing process during production.
In addiction, we have set up effective solution plans for these problems. Thus, stones
that have been delivered from the factory wont have such kind of problem.
3. Whats a colored spot? How does it happen and how to prevent it?
A colored spot happens while coloring materials are unevenly distributed. Colored
41

spots on artificial stones occurs when the pigments are not fully stirred, or blenders
and moulds are mixed with some impurities. Thus, we must fully stir the materials
and clean the production equipments at regular intervals.
4. What problems will occur while the stone blocks are being incised? How to
prevent them?
While the stone blocks are being incising, the following problems may occur:
deviation of size, flatness or diagonal, and breakage of edges or feet. In order to
prevent these problems, we should start from quality testing of raw materials,
controlling during the production, products grading inspection and other important
aspects. And determine to get rid of all the problems of our products.
At present, we have IR Bridge Cutting method and Water Jet Cutting method for
artificial stones. IR Bridge Cutting method is mainly used for simple end-product
cutting, while Water Jet Cutting method is mainly used for color patterns, since color
patterns require delicate processing to prevent breakage of edges.
5.How to achieve base leveling?
If the base for flooring is of poor flatness, we need to use moist-dry mortar to achieve
the flatness. Instructions are as follows:
Proportion of cement and sand for the mortar is: 1:2 - 1:3 (in volume). Then
add the water until we can hold the mortar to be a shape and shake the mortar to
disperse it.
2
The thickness of the mortar is about 3cm to 5cm. Use a wood trowel to pat
and flatten it. Then try to pave a slab. While paving, pay attention to the gaps between
slabs vertically and horizontally. Use a rubber hammer to dab the center part of the
slab to keep the mortar firm. Dab the slab until the slab reaches the standard height.
Then remove the slab and check if the mortar is flat and firm enough. For those
hollow parts, we must add mortar and try to pave again.
1
6.Why should the artificial stone slabs be laminated with membrane when
flooring? When can the membrane be removed?
Each Wanfeng slab is laminated with membrane during packaging in order to avoid
impact, scratches or contaminations caused during transportation and flooring,
especially during the flooring process. Lots of sands will greatly damage the stone
surface. Usually, the membrane can be removed after flooring is completed , and
acceptance check and clean-up are done.
If theres water staying on the artificial stone for a long time, partial erosion and
whitening will occur. If theres no abnormal feeling while touching the whitened part,
42

then this is called Water Erosion. Thus, membrane on the slabs, which have
undergone a further processing through soaking in the water, should also be removed
in time.
7. Why should we use professional binder instead of cement?
Artificial stone and cement have their own CTE(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion).
The base sometimes may experience adverse environmental factors such as
temperature difference (e.g.the temperature raises or drops 10 or more within one
day). And thus artificial stone and cement may have different flexibility, which causes
problems of hollowing, cracking and so on. Under such condition, the use of
professional binder can greatly ease the contraction or expansion stress caused during
the process of cement hardening, and thus prevents cracking and hollowing of the
slabs.
8. Whether the binder will lose its bonding power after a long time or not?
Most binders take 1-2 hours for the initial solidification (because of the small
thickness). Therefore, in order to ensure a good paving effect, the tiles should be
placed properly within half an hour. After about 2 hours, the binder will be solidified
into a new stable material. For the solidified binder,it will not decompose in a usual
environment. So theres no such thing as loss of bonding power except for some
contingencies.
9.Are there any professional binders recommended for paving?
We recommend Binders (J15/J25) produced by Wanfeng and S7120, or bi-component
mortar binders with high-performance sold in the market, like Laticrete 735, etc.
10.Whats the difference between one-component binders and two-component
binders? What are the features of Wanfeng J15 Binder?
We can achieve solidification without mixing other materials while using
one-component binders, which means that solidification happens naturally in the air.
Two-component binders are from two kinds of elements mixing together according to
a specific proportion to achieve the bonding effect. If we separate the two components,
then the two-component binders will not solidify naturally.
Wanfeng J15 Binder solves the flooring problems of the products (4th generation) that
happens because of the relatively high Coefficient of Expansion and fierce
temperature changes. Besides, Wanfeng J15 Binder embraces the features of excellent
cohesiveness, perfect flexibility and anti-corrosion.
11.Can marble binder used for dry-hanging?
43

Load-bearing and structure-connecting process requires dry-hanging binders of high
elasticity. Slots are filled with sealant of neutral silicone structure. Thus marble
binders must not be used for connection between stones and metal pendants. They can
only be used to quick positioning and binder repairing. Before using the dry-hanging
binders, we should conduct the test of Cohesive and Compatibility.
12.Why joint should be set aside?
In order to prevent stone from protuberating and breaking because of the expansion
and contraction of the base and stones, joints should be set aside between stone slabs
in the flooring process. Thermal expansion and contraction refers to the phenomenon
that the size of an object increases when it is heated, reduces when cooled. If there are
no joints, temperature changes will cause damages due to the squeezing or contracting
of paved stones.
When artificial stones are used for the ground, the joints should be arranged according
to the specific size of the ground. The width of the joints should be 1.5 to 3mm, and
professional gap-filling binders are used for sealing the joints, such as Wanfengs
special gap-filling binder WF-82.
13.Why cant we use acid and alkaline cleaners for artificial marble
maintenance?
Generally, an artificial marble slab consists of 92% natural marble. Natural marble
belongs to the metamorphic rocks of limestone with calcium carbonate as its main
component. Thus acid or alkaline materials will damage artificial marbles gloss.
Cleaners in the market usually contain non-neutral components as their raw materials
to achieve great cleaning performance. If we use these cleaners for a long time,
glossiness of the artificial stone will greatly decreases. Thus we advise that the
artificial stone should be kept away from non-neutral materials, such as HCl and
ceramic tile cleaners.
14.What problems about artificial stone protection we should pay attention to?
Effective protective measures can greatly prolong the service life of artificial stones,
so as their decorative effects. While we are doing the maintenance for artificial stones,
we should pay attention to the following points:
1
No non-neutral cleaner;
2
No normal floor wax;
3
No carpet covering for a long time;
4
Sweep the dust and clean thoroughly;
5
Clean away easy-dyeing materials immediately;
6
Enough ventilation to keep the stone surface dry.
44
Wanfengs Integrated Service

Wanfeng has a professional decorative design team and an experienced construction
crew to support the whole construction process, which guarantees the quality of
construction and customer service through the following three systems.
Construction Follow-up System--- Wanfeng equips with scientific techniques for
construction and project management: property operation recording, proper
construction procedure, real-time management during construction, order division for
materials, quality guarantee and punctual execution. Every three days, pictures or
videos of the construction site are taken, and then be sent to the clients after editing,
so that clients can know about the constructive progress and on-site effects at any
time.
Supporting & Optimizing System--- In order to meet the needs of clients, project
service team in Wanfeng can provide clients with services of materials division
(stones), furniture purchasing, landscaping, decorative lighting and other decoration to
offer honorable experience for our clients.
Custom-made Service System--- Design department in Wanfeng always adheres to
the service philosophy, High quality service. Pursuit of perfection. Realizing the
importance of quality, we stress on providing high quality products and building the
leading brand in artificial stone industry. Wanfeng has released special service plans
to meet the demands of our clients, including Normal Service + Custom-made
Service and 2H Fast-track Service, which enables our clients to fully enjoy the
pleasance brought by reassurance and convenience.
45

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Handbook For Artificial Stone Paving

Wanfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Classification Of Stone And Definition Of Artificial Stone

Artificial Marble Series

Production process of artificial marble--- Stone block method

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Quartz Stone Series

Storage & Delivery

Cutting & Polishing

Production process of artificial quartz---platen process

Inorganic Stone Series

Factors Determine Performances Of Artificial Stone

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

more stable products.

About Radioactivity Of Artificial Stone

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Tips For Artificial Stone To Be Bright As Before

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Technique For Artificial Stone Flooring

Methods for Flooring Wanfeng Stone

For indoor usage, no strong acid, alkali or high temperature;

1) Plan for ground application

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

2.Temperature of the ground

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Adhesive powder S7120

Paste adhesive with sawtooth trowel

3) Hard & Thin Base Method

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Guidance for hard & thin base method

4) Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base Method

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

5) Paving method for heating floor

Temperature changes quickly in areas of heating floor. Speed of the rising or

b. Consistency of adhesive, stone slab and paving base

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

resistance. But under condition of high temperature difference, slabs

Notice for instruction in heating floor

For instruction of heating floor, we must apply Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base

Guidance For Heating Floor

Classification Of Dry-hanging Methods

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

1. Steel Pin Dry-hanging Method

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Solutions For Hollowing, Lifted Edge And Cracks

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Flow chart for grouting process

Flow Chart For Grouting Process

electric hand drill

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

AB Components of Water-based Epoxy Resin

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

High Pressure Grouting Machine

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Knock While Grouting

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Diagram for Reworking Process

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Repair By Epoxy Resin

Diagram for Repairing Process