MAT112 WEEK 7 HOME WORK SOLUTIONS

1. Write as a single logarithm

a) log 2 4 + log 2 8
SOLUTION:

log 2 4 + log 2 8 = log 2 4 8

b) log ( 6 x ) log 6
SOLUTION:
6x
log ( 6 x ) log 6= log = log x
6
c) 2 log 3 9 log3 27

SOLUTION:
2 log 3 9 log 3 27 = log 3 92 log 3 27
92
= log 3
27
= log 3 3

d) ln ( x 2 ) + 5 ln x
SOLUTION:
ln ( x 2 ) + 5 ln x = ln ( x 2 ) + ln x 5
= ln x 5 ( x 2)

2. Use the properties of logarithms to expand these expressions as much as

possible:
a) logb ( x z )

SOLUTION:

log b x z

= logb x 2 + log b

( z)

= 2logb x + logb z
3

25
b) log5
y

SOLUTION:
3

25
log5 = log 5 253 log 5 y 3 = 3log5 25 3log 5 y
y
10
c) ln
e
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SOLUTION:
10
ln = ln10 ln e
e

d) log ( 9 10 )

SOLUTION:

1
log 9 10 = log 9 + log 10 = log 9 + log10
2
3. Solve for x in the following equations:
a) log 2 ( x + 5) = 4

SOLUTION:
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4 log 2 2
log 2 ( x + 5) = log 2 2 4

log 2 ( x + 5) = log 2 16

x + 5 = 16
x = 11

ALTERNATIVELY,
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4
2 log 2 ( x+5) = 2 4

Using the inverse property a log x = x this simplifies to

a

x + 5 = 24

x + 5 = 16
x = 16 5 = 11

It can also be solved thus:

We can put the equation in exponential form as follows:
x + 5 = 24

Thus,
x + 5 = 16
x = 11

b) 4 ln(3 x) = 12
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SOLUTION:
Divide the equation by 3 to obtain
ln(3x) = 3

Exponentiate both sides using natural base e:

eln(3 x ) = e3

Using the inverse property, we have

3x = e3
e3
x =
3
c) ln(1) ln(3x 2) = ln( x)

SOLUTION:
The equation can be written as:
ln( x) + ln(3x 2) = ln(1)
x
ln
= ln(1)
3x 2

This implies that

x
=1
3x 2

Or
3x 2 = x
x =1

d) 3logx = log 27
SOLUTION:
The equation can be written as:
logx 3 = log 27 1

Or
logx3 = log

1
27

Thus,
x3 =

1
27

1
x =
3
1
x=
3

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e) log( x + 3) = log( x + 3) + log x

SOLUTION:
This can be simplified to give
log x = 0
(Common logarithm)
x = 100 = 1
f) ln(x+3)=6

SOLUTION:
Exponentiate both sides using natural base e
eln(x +3) =e6

Using the inverse property a log x = x this simplifies to

a

x + 3=e6
x = e6 3

g) 72 x1 = 34
SOLUTION:
Take common logarithm of each side to have
log 72 x1 = log 34
(2 x 1) log 7 = 4log 3
4log 3
2x 1 =
log 7
4log 3
2x =
+1
log 7
2log 3 1
x=
+
log 7 2
4log 3 + log 7
x=
or
2log 7
4 ln 3 + ln 7
(Obtained by taking logarithm with the natural
x=
2 ln 7

base)
h) log 4 x = log16 (5 x 6)
SOLUTION:
Note that log16 (5 x 6) =

log 4 (5 x 6) log 4 (5 x 6) log 4 (5 x 6)

=
=
log 4 16
2
log 4 42

(From Change of Base Rule)

So, the given equation becomes
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log 4 (5 x 6)
2
2log 4 x = log 4 (5 x 6)
log 4 x =

log 4 x 2 = log 4 (5 x 6)
x2 = 5x 6
x2 5x + 6 = 0
( x 2)( x 3) = 0

So, x = 2 or x = 3
i) eln x = 3
SOLUTION:
Using the inverse property a log x = x the equation simplifies to
a

j)

x=3
ln(1 + x) ln(1 x) = 1

SOLUTION:
ln(1 + x) ln(1 x) = 1

1+ x
ln
= ln e
1 x
1+ x

=e
1 x
1 + x = e(1 x)
x + ex = e 1
x(1 + e) = e 1
e 1
x =
e +1

4. Prove that
a) cosh( x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
PROOF:

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 e x + e x e y + e y e x e x e y e y
cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y =

2 2 2
2
1
1
= e x + y + e x y + e x+ y + e ( x + y ) + e x+ y e x y e x + y + e ( x + y )
4
4
1
= 2e x+ y + 2e ( x+ y )
4
1
= e x + y + e ( x + y )
2
e x + y + e ( x + y )
=
2
= cosh( x + y)
cosh( x + y ) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y

b) cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

PROOF:
If we put x = y in the result obtained in (a), we have
cosh( x + x) = cosh x cosh x + sinh x sinh x
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

ALTERNATIVELY:
2

e x + e x e x e x
cosh x + sinh x =
+

2
1
1
= ( e2 x + 2 + e2 x ) + ( e2 x 2 + e2 x )
4
4
1
= ( 2e2 x + 2e2 x )
4
1
= ( e2 x + e2 x )
2
= cosh 2 x
2

cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

c) cosh 2 x = 1 + 2sinh 2 x
PROOF:

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e x e x
1 + 2sinh x = 1 + 2

2
1
= 1 + ( e2 x 2 + e2 x )
2
1
= ( e2 x + 2e2 x )
2
1
= ( e2 x + e2 x )
2
= cosh 2 x
2

cosh 2 x = 1 + 2sinh 2 x

5. Evaluate
a) [cosh(ln 2) + sinh(ln 2)]2
SOLUTION:
e ln 2 + e ln 2 e ln 2 e ln 2
+
[cosh(ln 2) + sinh(ln 2) ]2 =

2
2

= 2e ln 2
2

= e ln 2

= 22
=4

b) ( cosh x sinh x )30 + ( cosh x + sinh x )30

SOLUTION:
( cosh x sinh x )

30

+ ( cosh x + sinh x )

30

e x + e x e x e x
=

2
2

2e x
=
2

( )

= e x

30

30

2e x
+
2

( )

+ ex

30

= e 30 x + e30 x
= e30 x + e 30 x
e30 x + e 30 x
= 2
2

= 2 cosh(30 x)

c)

2x
2 x
cosh + sinh
3
3

34

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30

30

e x + e x e x e x
+
+
2
2

30

SOLUTION:

2x
2 x
cosh + sinh
3
3

34

2x
2x
2x
2x

e 3 + e 3
e3 e 3
=
+
2
2

2x
2x
2x
2x

3
3
3
e + e
e e 3
=
+
2
2

2x
2e 3
=
2

2x
= e 3

34

34

34

34

2x 3

4

=e3

2x 3

4

=e3

= e2

= ex

x 1
.
2
x 4

6. Find the domain of f ( x) = ln

SOLUTION:
Recall that the domain of f ( x) = logb g ( x) consists of all x for which g ( x) > 0 .
This implies that the argument of the log function must be positive. For the
given problem, it means that
x 1
> 0.
x2 4

This is a non-linear inequality with the critical points 1 and 2 .

By drawing the number line, you will find that the domain is
(2,1) (2, ) .
7. Show that the solution of the equation: 32+ x = 5x is x =
SOLUTION:
32+ x = 5x

Take natural logarithm of both sides to have

ln 32+ x = ln 5x

Using power rule of logarithm, we get

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2 ln 3
.
ln 5 ln 3

(2 + x) ln 3 = x ln 5

So, we have
2 ln 3 + x ln 3 = x ln 5
x ln 5 x ln 3 = 2 ln 3
x(ln 5 ln 3) = 2 ln 3

Thus,
x=

2ln 3
ln 5 ln 3

8. Simplify (without calculator; no decimal answers): ln(3 + x ) ln( x 2 9) .

SOLUTION:
ln(3 + x ) ln( x 2 9) can be expressed as
3+ x
ln(3 + x) ln( x 2 9) = ln 2

x 9

3+ x
= ln

( x 3)( x + 3)
1
= ln

x 3
= ln ( x 3 )

= ln( x 3)

9. John deposited $ 800 in a bank that gives an annual interest of 6%. How long
will it take for the deposit to reach $1500, if compounded continuously?
SOLUTION:
Use the formula for continuous compounding : A = Pert
The formula for continuous compounding is:
A = Pert
Substituting P = 800, r = 0.06 and A = 1500 in the above formula:
1500 = 800e0.06t
Simplifying:
e 0.06t =

1500
= 1.875
800

Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation:

ln e0.06t = ln 1.875
Use the inverse property of the logarithm to obtain
0.06t = ln 1.875
Or 0.06t = 0.6286
Thus,
0.06t = 10.4768
Therefore, the required time taken is approximately 10.48 years.
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10. Best of Luck in your academic pursuits.

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