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Clase
a. Precipitacin qumica- Evaporitas
(yeso, sal, etc.), algunos lodos calcreos.
b. Depsitos orgnicos- (Carbn, calizas)
c. Depsitos residuales- Lateritas,
bauxitas
d. Depsitos terrgenos- Arcillas, arenas
siliciclsticas y conglomerados
e. Depsitos piroclsticos- Cenizas, tobas,
arenas vulcanoclsticas y aglomerados
alctono, na.
(De alo- y el gr. , 'tierra', formado a imit. de autctono).
1. adj. Que no es originario del lugar en que se encuentra.
Clasificacin de sedimentos
y rocas sedimentarias (Nichols, 2009)
Clasificacin de calizas
Folk,
1980
auto-.
(Del gr. -).
1. elem. compos. Significa 'propio' o 'por uno mismo'.
alo-.
(Del gr. - 'otro, diferente').
1. elemento compositivo Unido a un segundo elemento, indica
variacin o variante de este ltimo.
orto-.
(Del gr. -, recto).
1. elem. compos. Significa 'recto' o 'correcto'.
onents,
(2) Classification
Allochemical
(3) Orthochemical
components.
ndamental
ofcomponents,
Sedimentary andRocks.
Sediments
consist
fundamenthree
components,
which
may be mixed
in nearly
all proportions:
(I) TerrigeTerrigenous(2) Allochemical
components
are those substances
derived
from components.
erosion
of a land
ponents,
components,
and (3) Orthochemical
area outside
the basin of deposition,
and carried
into the basin as som
examples:
or feldspar
sand, substances
heavy
minerals,
Terrigenous quartz
components
are those
derived clay
from minerals,
erosion
ofchert
a landor
limestone
erosion and
of older
outcrops.
area outsidepebbles
the derived
basin of from
deposition,
carried rock into
the basin as som
examples:
quartz
or feldspar
sand, heavy
minerals,
clay minerals,
chert
or
limestone
pebbles
derived
from
rock outcrops.
Allochemical
constituents
(Greek:erosion alloof older
meaning
different
from
normal)
are those substances
precipitated
from
solution
within
the basin of deposiAllochemical
meaning
different
tion
but which constituents
are abnormal (Greek:
chemical allo precipitates
because
infrom
generalnormal)
they
are those
substances
from the
solution
the basin
of deposihave
been later
moved precipitated
as solids within
basin; within
they have
a higher
degree
but which are
chemical
precipitates
because
in general
they
oftionorganization
than abnormal
simple
precipitates.
Examples:
broken
or
whole shells,
have beencalcareous
later movedfecal as solids
the basin; they
have a higher
degree
oolites,
pellets, withinor fragments
of penecontemporaneous
of organization
precipitates.
broken
or whole shells,
carbonate
sedimentthan tornsimple
up and
reworked
toExamples:
form pebbles.
oolites,
calcareous
fecal
pellets,
or fragments
of penecontemporaneous
carbonate
sediment
torn up and
reworked ortho
to formmeaning
pebbles. proper
Orthochemical
constituents
(Greek:
or true)
are
normal
chemical
precipitates
in the customary
sense of the word.
They
Orthochemical
constituents within (Greek:
orthoand show
meaninglittle proper
true)
areof
are
produced
chemically
the basin
or no orevidence
normal
chemical
in the customary
word.
They
significant
transportationprecipitates
or aggregation
into more sense
complexof the
entities.
Examare produced
chemically calcite
within or thedolomite
basin and
little
orsome
no evidence
ples:
microcrystalline
ooze,showprobably
evaporites, of
significantor quartz
transportation
more complexminerals.
entities.
Examcalcite
porefi llingsor aggregation
in sandstones, intoreplacement
ples:
microcrystalline
calcite
or dolomite
ooze, probably
some evaporites,
porefi llings in
sandstones,
minerals.
ses calcite
(b) and or (c)quartz
are collectively
referred
to as replacement
Chemical
constituents;
classes
b) can be collectively
termed
sses
(b) and (c) toareterrigenous;
collectively
as equivalent
(b) can be collectively
termed
term including
both terrigenous
as equivalent
to terrigenous;
Fragmental.
Some people
use detrital
or
referred
to as Chemical
or elastic classes
as a
other
people
use detrital constituents;
Fragmental.
Some people
use detrital
or
and allochemical
above.
or elastic
as a
other
people
use detrital
Lea
Mount, 1985
Mount, 1985
Mount, 1985
Clasificacin de calizas:
Porqu clasificar?
Problemtica? (trminos descriptivos)
Un esquema de clasificacin ideal se basa en describir y
cuantificar rasgos fcilmente observables para agruparlos
en categoras.
Es deseable que los grupos existentes reflejen los
mecanismos de formacin y el ambiente de depsito.
Folk (1959, 1962)
Dunham (1962)
Embry y Klovan(1971)
Wright (1992)
1- Granos:
fsiles,
intraclastos,
ooides,
pelets/peloides
detritos no calcreos.
2- Matriz o lodo calcreo
3- Cemento calcreo
Folk, 1980
Allochemical rocks
Orthochemical rocks
Allochem Type
Micritic matrix
(Ooids)
A dismicrite is a micrite
with spar-filled blebs
(generally burrows)
Autochthonous
A biolithite is a biologically
bound rock
Clasificacin de Dunham(1962)
Clasificacin de Dunham(1962)
Clasificacin de Dunham(1962)
Granos
Qu es un intraclasto?
Intraclasto
Intraclasto
Intraclasto
Ooide
Ooide
Ooide
Pelets
Peloides
Micrita
Micrita, esparita
Esparita
Esparita
Mudstone
A: microspar (mudstone).
B: micrite (mudstone).
Boundstone de algas
(bindstone en la
terminologa de Embry y
Klovan) .Boundstone de
algas finamente laminado
de la Fm. Green River
(Eocene, Wyoming, USA).
Este tipo de rocas es
conocido como
estromatolito
Boundstone de coral
(framestone en la terminologa de Embry y Klovan)
http://sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=1
SEPM
Society for Sedimentary Geology
REFERENCIAS
Folk R. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/geo/folkready/folkprefrev.html