Last edited 13 days ago by HMSLavender

List of Taekwondo techniques

Taekwondo techniques vary between schools and level and not
all techniques are included. Techniques often combined into longer set
Tul or Hyeong, again these vary from school to school.

Stances (Sogui)
Hand attacks
Taekwondo hand strikes are performed as a close distance alternative
to kicks. They are executed in a number of ways - from standing,
jumping, spinning and rushing forwards. Hand strikes make up fast
combinations of strikes which can leave an opponent stunned and
unable to defend himself. Taekwondo hand strikes can be separated
into two distinct styles:
Closed hand strikes (jireugi)
Open hand techniques (chigi)
Various surfaces of the hand may be engaged as the striking surface
depending on which area of the opponents body which is being
targeted. This leads to a large array of hand positions.
Forest - A closed st may be jabbed out directly to strike with the
forest knuckles. This is a suitable position for general punches to soft
areas of the body. Without protection, it is inadvisable to strike the
bony face as ngers are likely to get broken on the hard temple and
jaw bones.
Hammer st - A closed st may be brought down in a hammering
motion to strike with the underneath. Such a strike can obliterate an

opponent's nose, making it near impossible for him to retaliate.

Backst - A Son Deung clenched hand is swung backwards into the
face of an opponent. The back of the hand makes contact and the
momentum garnered in the swing makes this a powerful strike.
Spinning backsts are a knockout punch and banned in most
Taekwondo competitions.
Knife Hand - 'Sonkal' is the Taekwondo name for a move similar to
the 'Karate Chop', i.e. where an open hand is hammered down to make
impact with the underside. A Ridge Hand is the opposite, where the top
of the open hand strikes. These are commonly made to the side of the
neck.
Fingertips - Jumeok can be used to strike vulnerable areas of the
body such as pressure points. Four nger strikes engaging the tips of
the outstretched hand (known as Spear hand) can be made to vital
points in the neck.
Thumb - Eomji is a st with the thumb protruding over the top. This
is a formidable weapon in pressure point striking. Vulnerable areas can
be targeted all over the body such as the sternum, the spaces in
between the ribs and other nerve clusters.
Palm Heel - a classic self-defence strike where the hand is pulled
back to engage the base of the palm in an upwards thrusting strike.
This is particularly dangerous if applied to the base of the nose or chin
and can result in death. Obviously banned in competition Taekwondo.
Elbow Strike (palgup chigi)- Forearm is folded inwards towards the
body and the strike is delivered with the outside of the forearm or
elbow.
Four-knuckle strike - This is a st shape particular to the Asian
martial arts. Instead of closing the st completely, the ngers are held
out and only the knuckles are bent, thereby presenting the upper set of
knuckles as the striking surface. This st is used for breaking boards
as the smaller surface area concentrates the punches power. In
self-defence, it may be used to purposefully break an attacker's jaw.
Eagle strike - In this strike, the ngers all touch together, and the

hand is pointed down, exposing the top of the wrist,which is then

swung upward to strike the underside of the jaw. If done properly, this
strike can easily fracture the jawbone, and is usually banned from
competitions due to the extreme danger. If done improperly, however,
the practitioner may well break his wrist.
Tiger Claw - A strike using the space between the index nger and
thumb. Fingers are made rigid, and the attack is usually directed
towards the neck/trachea. Serves as a way to incapacitate an
opponent for a few seconds.
Pincer Hand - A strike which uses thumb and forenger to strike
opponent's throat. In this technique a st is closed except thumb and
forenger which are fully extended outwards.
Scissor Finger - A st in which forenger and middle nger is
extended out as if to dig someone's eye. Similar to Pincer hand except
that the forenger and middle nger is extended outwards.
Chestnut Fist - Similar to normal st except that rst three knuckles
are pushed outward slightly with thumb.
Tae Kwon Do also makes use of reverse and front elbow strikes.

Kicks (Chagi)
Main article: Kick

Jump Spin Kick.

All kicks can be executed as jump kicks, spin kicks, jump spin kicks or
multi-rotational spin kicks. Also, all can be performed by the front or

rear leg in a given stance.

Some of the best-known Taekwondo kicks include:
Front Snap Kick ( ap chagi): This is a very linear kick. The
practitioner raises the knee to the waist, pulls the toes back and
quickly extends the foot at the target. It is also known as the snap kick.
The front kick is one of the rst kicks learned in TKD; if mastered it can
become one of the most powerful. This technique is more meant to be
used to push the attacker away, but can injure.
Side Thrusting Kick ( yeop chagi): A very powerful kick, rst
the practitioner simultaneously raises the knee and rotates the body
90 degrees, while doing that they extend their leg. In WTF style
taekwondo, this technique should strike with the outside edge of the
foot, though using the heel may provide more force if used in sparring.
Roundhouse Kick Turning Kick or Round Kick ( dollyeo
chagi): The practitioner raises the knee, turns the hips, pivots on the
non-kicking foot, and snaps the kick horizontally into the target at an
80 to 90-degree angle, either with the instep or with the ball of the
foot (in the latter case, with the toes pulled back out of the way as in a
front kick). The latter technique requires a great deal of exibility in the
heel.
Back kick/horse kick ( dwit chagi): Here the practitioner turns
the body away from the target and pushes the back leg straight toward
the target, hitting it with the heel while watching over the shoulder. The
turning motion helps to give this kick a lot of power. Without proper
care, you can "spin out" and lose your balance from using this attack.
Reverse Side Kick A.K.A. Spinning Side Kick ( bandae
yeop chagi): Similar to the back kick, here the body turns further,
allowing the heel to hit the target with the foot pointing to the side as
in a regular side kick, instead of more downward as in a true back kick.
Hook Kick ( huryeo chagi): A less popular kick traditionally,
it has found increasing favor in modern competitions. The practitioner
raises the knee in a fashion similar to the roundhouse kick, then
extends the foot outward then snaps it around in a dorsal arc, with the

heel as the intended striking weapon.

Axe Kick/Downward kick ( naeryeo chagi): Another kick that
has increased in popularity due to sparring competitions. The leg is
raised usually from the outside of the body like an outside crescent
kick. then the leg is pulled down with the heel pointed downward. It is
typically targeted toward the head, shoulder, or chest and requires
signicant exibility to employ eectively. This kick is best used
against the collar bone, which can readily break from this attack. the
setup in the initial raise of the kick can also be done from the inside, or
middle (straight up and down.)
Crescent Kick (an chagi/bakkat chagi): There are two variations of
this kick: the outer crescent and the inner crescent. In the outer, the
practitioner raises the extended leg as high as possible, and slightly up
across the body, (a bit across the centerline of the body), then
sweeping outward to the side, in a circular movement. In the inner, the
motions are the same but the direction of the kick changes, this time
originating from the outside of the body, heading towards the inside, or
centerline of the body. These kicks are also called "Inside Kick" and
"Outside Kick" at some taekwondo schools, and "Inside-Outside" and
"Outside-Inside" at others.
Spin Kicks ( bandae dollyeo chagi): There are several
spinning kicks that involve the rotation of the entire body and head
before the kick is released. Spinning kicks include the back pivot kick
(dweel chagi), spinning hook kick (dweel huryeo chagi), spinning axe
kick, returning kick, 360 turning kick, and a number of other kicks of
varying popularity.
Tornado kick/360 kick/Screw kick/windmill kick (on mondollyo
chagi):The exponent steps forward then spins in the direction of their
back leg while raising their knee and jumping to perform a spinning
inside crescent kick in midair. the alternate version involve an initial
round or crescent kick, while the back foot pivots. rotating the body in
a 360 motion, the back foot comes up as a knee and swings across
giving the momentum for your attacking leg to do a roundhouse kick or
an inside crescent kick.

Jump Kicks ( ttwieo chagi):

Steven Ho: Jump Spin Hook Kick

There are also many kicks that involve jumping before their execution.
These include jumping front kick (ee dan ap chagi), jumping side kick
( idan yeop chagi), ying side kick, jumping axe kick,
jumping roundhouse (ee dan dollyeo chagi), jumping spinning hook
kick, jumping spinning roundhouse kick or "shue jump kick," jumping
(or counter) back kick, and jump spinning side kick. Normally, jumping
kicks involve pulling up the back leg to help gain height during the
jump and then performing the kick itself with the front leg. About any
kick can be put into a Jump, a spin, or a jump-spin. ying kicks,
obvious for the name, y in a forward motion, rather than jumping
straight up and down like a jump kick. rst, for a ying kick, you must
run ( your kicking leg must be last foot to run) and run-jump into the
air doing the kick you want. usually, the side peircing kick is preferred
as a ying move.
Advanced Kicks : There are a variety of kicks that can be used in
combination or stem out from a simple kick to create more dicult
ones. Some of these include 540 Kick (One spins 1 times in mid-air
and does a kick, usually a back spinning hook kick), a 720 Kick (One
spins 2 times in mid-air and does a kick, usually a back spinning hook
kick), and Triple Aero Kicks (One does round house kick, back spinning
hook kick, and another round house kick in mid-air).
Fast Kicks: Also, many kicks can be employed using a fast kick style.
The practitioner shues the back leg forward to the front leg, and the
front leg comes up and kicks closer to the enemy than the practitioner
had been before execution. This can be used with side kick,
roundhouse kick, front kick, hook kick, and axe kick.

Blocks (Makgic burat)

Main article: Blocking (martial arts)

Taekwondo blocks known as Makgi are used to stop and deect an

incoming attack. They engage various parts of the arm with the hand
and are held in dierent positions such as knife-hand, closed st etc.
Each block is suitable for a particular kind of attack and may be
combined with another punch or kick to make a counter-attack.
Single Forearm Block - Wae Sun Palmok is used to deect an attack
(usually a kick) made at the torso. Starting up near the opposite
shoulder,and the leading hand is projected down and across the body
to deect the kick with the forearm.
Low Block - Najundi Makgi is used to defend against low attacks to
the torso or legs. This is one of the most basic Taekwondo blocks and
one of the rst things a beginner will learn. The lead forearm is bent
and raised to shoulder height, snapping the arm down straight with the
palm facing the ground, which blocks any incoming low kicks.
Rising Block - Chookya Makgi is another basic Taekwondo block,
used to defend against overhead attacks to the head and shoulders.
The arm is bent and raised above the head, and the underside of the
forearm absorbs the impact of the blow, which may be painful but is
better than it connecting with your head or delicate clavicle. This block
is used to defend against Hammersts, Axe Kicks and overhead strikes
with blunt instruments.
Palm Block - Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi is a standard block used to
deect incoming kicks and punches. The open hand is raised up to
shoulder height and thrust directly down to meet the attackers limb.
The heel of the hand makes contact with the attackers forearm in case
of a punch, or shin in case of a kick. Although simple, it requires a lot
of partner training to get the timing of this Taekwondo block correct.
Knife Hand Block - The hand is kept in a knife hand position to block
attacks to the torso. As the front arms sweeps down in an arc from the
inside to the outside of the body, the back hand is simultaneously

pulled back to the back hip and ready for a counter punch.
Double Forearm Block - This is a more advanced Taekwondo block,
designed to be used against a strong attack to the center of the body.
Standing sideways, the lead forearm blocks the attack with the st
closed. The second arm provides further support, linking into the crook
of the arm so both forearms are at a 90 degree angle to the body.
Double Knife Hand Block - With the hands held open in the knife
hand position, a powerful kick aimed at the solar plexus can be
successfully blocked. Both hands come across the body, intersecting at
the forearms and providing a rm defence.
Nine Block - This is a black belt leveled block and the rst time it is
usually used is around the black belt form.The person blocks their
chest with one hand and stomach region with the other.The shape of
the block forms a number nine when executed correctly.Both arms are
bent at a 45 degree angle as well and it leaves little space open in the
mid region of the defenders body.Your hand when this move is
executed correctly should also be above your groin on the bottom and
next to you opposite shoulder with the top hand.
Upper Block - Also known as the Ulgul Makgi. The one using the
block rst keeps their st sideways at the stomach or torso. They then
rise the st up to their head, deecting the attack. Any attack made at
the upper part of the body is blocked if timed correcttly using this
block.

Patterns, Poomsae, Hyung, Tul

Taekwondo patterns, also known as poomsae, teul, or hyeong
constitute an important part of Taekwondo competitions. [1] A pattern
is a series of movements linked together in a prescribed sequence.
Both basic and advanced taekwondo techniques can be contained
within a single patterns and the higher the level of the competitor, the
greater the diculty of the techniques and the complexity of the
pattern. Competitors must perform their highest pattern in front of a
panel of judges.
There are two types of Taekwondo pattern competition:

Solo Taekwondo patterns - Performed simultaneously by two

competitors, each from an opposing club. Every competitor may
perform two patterns chosen from a range corresponding to his level one designated pattern and one optional pattern. The best pattern is
chosen by the judges and that competitor goes through to the next
round by a process of elimination.
Team Taekwondo patterns - Performed simultaneously by several
competitors from a club organised into a single team. Club teams
compete by performing two patterns each, one after the other. Once
one team have nished both their patterns can the competing team
then perform theirs. Again, the judges choose the best pattern to go
through to the next round.
In taekwondo tournaments, pattern competitions are generally graded
on:
Accuracy. TaeGeuk patterns should begin and end in the same place.
Posture. Practitioners must have their body weight correctly
distributed during each dierent stance and during footwork. Each
technique must be correctly aligned.
Realism. Taekwondo patterns are the learning ground for real
combat. As such, every technique must display the requisite speed,
power and rmness to be realistically used as an attack or defense
move.
Spirit. A competitor's 'presence' on the mat must be as credible as
his technique. Self belief, condence in abilities, and intention to
perform to a personal best are tangible virtues considered
indispensable in Taekwondo practitioners.
Decorum. Proper manners must be displayed when interacting with
the judges directly before and after the pattern. Respect must also be
extended to rival competitors, clubs and other ocials.
Form. General qualities that judges look for in any Taekwondo
practitioner include proper breathing technique and body control. The
diaphragm must be engaged in deep breathing, shallow breathing
concentrated in the upper abdomen results in raised shoulders and

stressed muscles. The muscles of the body should be lightly relaxed in

order to perform the pattern with uidity, speed and grace. Muscles
should only be tensed at the moment of imaginary impact in order to
commute maximum power to any individual Taekwondo technique

Self defense
Taekwondo self-defense is known as hosinsul and it forms one of the
four main principles of the art. The self-defense applications would be
dicult to score in sparring as they are designed primarily to cause
injury or quickly incapacitate an adversary.
In competition, self-defense techniques take the format of a
demonstration event, much like poomsae. One person is usually
designated the part of the Taekwondo practitioner, while several team
mates take the role of common street aggressors who attack from
various angles with punches, kicks and grabs common to street
brawlers. Weapons may also be used, as Taekwondo has specic
techniques for dealing with armed adversaries.
Taekwondo self-defense competition provides an opportunity for
students to display their understanding of Taekwondo self-defense
applications and the ability to put together their own team
choreography. Self-defense routines are often performed as displays
for the public, in which case there are no judges present. Many
Taekwondo clubs include self-defense in their daily routine in both WTF
and ITF.
There are two main concepts in Taekwondo self-defense. For real life
combat situations, an experienced Taekwondo practitioner is versed in
the following:
Linear (or hard) techniques
Circular (or soft) techniques
Linear Techniques
These include mostly punching, kicking, headbutts and other striking
maneuvers. Force is countered with force and all limbs are involved in

stopping an adversary. Taekwondo kicks have a wide reach that keeps

the adversary at a distance. With proper execution opponents may be
incapacitated with a single blow, which lessens the number of attacks
in encounters with multiple people.
Circular techniques
These emphasize redirection and manipulation rather than strength.
The adversary can be manipulated into a position whereby a lock,
stranglehold and/or nishing move can be applied. Grappling
techniques are used both as a means of securing an adversary and
escaping from an adversary's grip. Soft self-defense techniques like
the stranglehold or joint lock can be used to subdue the attacker,
avoiding dealing permanent injury.
Taekwondo self-defense techniques demonstrated in competition may
include:
Pressure point applications.[2] In Taekwondo philosophy, the body
has many sensitive areas that are susceptible to precise attack. These
are known as pressure points or ji ap sul. There are three types of
pressure point that can induce one or a combination of the following:
pain, paralysis, or death. These can be targeted with gripping and/or
striking in order to immobilize or cause substantial pain to submit the
opponent.
Throws. Known as too sul, Taekwondo practitioners can divert the
opponent's force to their own advantage and throw him to the ground.
Once on the ground the practitioner has greater control over his
adversary and can follow up with subsequent controlling or nishing
techniques.
Joint Locks. Otherwise known as kwan jyel sul in Taekwondo, these
can be useful against armed attackers. Typically the attacking limb is
grabbed and then manipulated to cause immense pain in the
adversary. Joint locks can be applied on any joint in the body and are
particularly useful for controlling an opponent who has been thrown to
the ground.
Termination techniques. These are a range of strikes applied to an

opponent downed by a previous throw or strike. Powerful downward

traveling kicks and hand strikes are used to make sure the opponent
stays down.
Choking techniques. In Chil sik sul, the idea of applying a
stranglehold is to deprive the attacker's brain of either oxygenated
blood through the carotid artery and/or oxygen for the lungs through
the trachea. The Taekwondo practitioner uses leverage from his arm
and sometimes involves the attackers clothing in applying pressure to
the sensitive neck area. Choke holds are particularly dangerous and
only taught to higher level Taekwondo students, as over exertion can
crush the trachea or cause sudden death.
Freeing techniques. Paegi are taught to Taekwondo students so that
they can quickly free themselves and neutralise the danger of being
grabbed by an attacker. Competition demonstrations frequently involve
one student grabbing another from behind. The science of Taekwondo
is equally concerned with defense as attack so proper freeing
techniques must be learnt.
Like other Taekwondo competition events, self-defense is marked by a
panel of judges. When scoring they are looking at the following factors:
Aliveness. How realistic is the Taekwondo students demonstration?
Does he move with the requisite urgency and do his techniques have
the emotional content to make the judges believe in their power?
Technique. Are the Taekwondo techniques being demonstrated
precisely? Are the kicks clean, fast and strong? Are joint locks and
throws being performed accurately? Does the student have control
over his adversaries or are they making it easy for him?
Variety. What is the range of the Taekwondo practitioners
knowledge? Is he showing his understanding of liner and direct
counter-attacks? Has he performed a practical nishing technique
after each throw or lock?
Diculty. More dicult Taekwondo techniques score higher than
simple ones if performed correctly. However, a poorly executed
technique will always score lower than a simple, eective technique

performed well; students should not be demonstrating techniques that

they have not mastered.
List of Taekwondo techniques Taekwondo techniques vary between
schools and level and not all techniques are included. Techniques often
combined into longer set Tul or Hyeong, again these vary from school
to school.
Stances (Sogi) Hand attacks Kicks (Chagi) Blocks (Makgi) Patterns,
Poomsae, Hyung, Tul Self defense BreakingEdit Breaking, the discipline
of destroying inanimate materials such as wooden boards, bats, ice or
bricks is a feature common to several Asian martial arts. It can be seen
in its oldest form within some branches of Chinese Kung Fu such as
Iron Shirt Chi Gung, where iron bars are smashed o the bare heads of
martial arts experts, typically Shaolin monks.
In Taekwondo breaking competitions, the idea is to demonstrate
power, speed and technique. The preferred object is commonly wooden
boards of varying thicknesses, advanced students break several boards
stacked one on top of the other. In Taekwondo, the hardness of the
object to be broken is usually subjugated to the diculty of the
technique to be employed. Thus various body parts are used, such as
the ridge of the hand, the knuckles or even the ngertips. Headbutts,
knee strikes, elbow strikes and various parts of the foot are also used
to break boards. A single board or stack of boards may be broken or,
alternatively, a series of boards may be broken in a pre-set sequence
utilizing a variety of strikes. Advanced competitors may even break
several boards in a single jump with multiple kicks before landing.
In ITF Taekwondo sparring competitions, using maximum force is not
allowed. Furthermore, at advanced levels it would be seriously
injurious and possibly fatal. Breaking boards or bricks is therefore the
only safe way to test the real power of any martial arts technique
(except with fairly high-tech scientic equipment). Taekwondo
competition breaking may be roughly divided into two main categories:
Power breaking. The power of a technique is measured by breaking
single or multiple stacked boards. Stacked boards are commonly

placed on raised supports on the ground. Speed breaking. A single

board is held lightly between the ngertips of an assistant, at
advanced levels the board is tossed into the air. Regardless of the
power of a technique, if the board is not hit with the requisite speed in
the correct places it will not break. Starting with coloured belts
Taekwondo students must learn breaking. As they progress through
the ranks, the breaks they perform increase in diculty as do the
number of boards. As time goes on, the Taekwondo student's hands
and bones become accustomed to breaking boards - repeated practice
hardens bones, skin and tendons. Wol's law states that the human
skeleton will adapt to the stress it is put under, therefore the bones
actually become stronger as a Taekwondo student advances in his
martial arts career.
ReferencesEdit Taekwondo Forms http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng
/site/about_taekwondo/poomsae.html

http://www.kukkiwon.or.kr

/viewfront/eng/data/technique_trunk2.jsp

Self Defense Pressure

Points Further readingEdit Modern Taekwondo:The Ocial Training

Manual, Soon Man Lee and Gaetane Ricke;Sterling Publishing
Company, Inc., New York, NY;copyright 1999 Traditional
Taekwondo:Core Techniques, History, and Philosophy, Master Doug
Cook;YMAA Publication Center, Inc.;Boston, Massachusetts;copyright
2006 Forces of Tae Kwon Do, Edward B Sell and Brenda J Sell;U.S.
Chung Do Kwan Association, Lakeland, Florida;copyright 2004 Read in
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