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Human Anatomy
and
Physiology I
Laboratory
Gross Anatomy of the
Muscular System
(Two weeks)
This lab involves study of the laboratory exercise Gross Anatomy of the Muscular
System. Complete the Review Sheet for the exercise and fill in the
muscle tabels and illustrations in the Lab Manual. Take the relevant
quiz. This lab is designed to be done over two weeks. In the first week the
student should study the upper body muscles of the head and neck, arms and
shoulders. In the second week the study is of the muscles of the abdomen, back,
and legs. The quizzes for these sections are separate as well.
There is a good web site for studying the location and action of each muscle:
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
Click on the sound icon for the audio file (mp3 format) for each slide. There is also a
link to a dowloadable mp4 video which can be played on an iPod.
Muscle Actions
Antagonists muscles which perform opposite
movements
Synergists muscles which work together to
perform a movement. Often this movement is
different from that which either would perform
when acting alone.
Fixators Muscles which act to hold a part of the
body steady.
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Zygomaticus
Orbicularis oris
Antagonists
Antagonistsin
in
action
on
mouth:
action on mouth:
O.
O.oris
orispulls
pulls
corners
cornersinward
inward
(puckering);
(puckering);
Zygomaticus
Zygomaticusraises
raises
corners
in
smiling.
corners in smiling.
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for this slide
Temporalis
Orbicularis oris
Synergists
Synergistsin
in
closing
the
jaw
closing the jaw
Masseter
Buccinator
Synergists
Synergistsin
incompressing
compressingcheek
cheekand
and
puckering
puckering
4
Muscles
identified
in bluemuscle
are shown
on the
muscle site:
Click on
hyperlinked
names
for LUMEN
linked diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
The Trapezius
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Upper
Upperportion
portion
helps
helpsto
toextend
extend
head.
head.
Lowers
Lowersjaw
jaw
Tenses
Tensesskin
skinof
ofneck
neck
Platysma
Trapezius
5
Muscles identified in blue are shown on the LUMEN muscle
site:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
Many large muscles can contract certain portions alone. The trapezius can
contract the upper portion alone to extend the head and neck.
Muscles identified in blue are shown on the LUMEN muscle site
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
SCM
SCMunilaterally
unilaterallyrotates
rotates
the
head,
bilaterally
the head, bilaterallythey
they
flex
the
neck.
flex the neck.
Mastoid process
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
Raise
Raiseribcage
ribcagein
in
forced
inspiration.
forced inspiration.
Head
Headmust
mustbe
befixed.
fixed.
Mastoid process
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for this slide
Splenius capitus
Forceful
Forcefulextensor
extensor
of
head
when
of head when
acting
actingbilaterally.
bilaterally.
Muscles
identified
in bluemuscle
are shown
on the
muscle site:
Click on
hyperlinked
names
forLUMEN
linked diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Semispinalis capitus
With
Withwhat
whatmuscles
musclesare
arethese
thesetwo
twosynergists,
synergists,
in
extending
the
head?
in extending the head?
Erector spinae
Quadratus
lumborum
8
Elevates
Elevatesribs
ribsand
andexpands
expandsthorax
thoraxin
in
forced
forcedinspiration
inspiration(scapula
(scapulafixed).
fixed).
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for this slide
Pectoralis minor
External intercostals
Expand
Expandthe
the
ribcage
in
ribcage in
forced
forced
inspiration.
inspiration.
Internal intercostals
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for this slide
Compress
Compress
the
theribcage
ribcagein
in
forced
forced
expiration.
expiration.
10
10
The Diaphragm
Radially arranged fibers
Enlarges thorax in restful inspiration.
11
Muscles
identified
in blue
are shown
on the
LUMENdiagrams.
muscle site:
Click on
hyperlinked
muscle
names
for linked
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
11
Synergists
Synergists
in
inforced
forced
expiration.
expiration.
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for this slide
Flexes
Flexesvertebral
vertebralcolumn
column
Rectus abdominus
Transverse abdominus
Internal oblique
External oblique
Compress
Compress
abdomen,
abdomen,rotate
rotate
trunk.
trunk.
12
12
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audio file
for this slide
Synergists
Synergistsin
inadduction
adductionof
ofbrachium:
brachium:
Abducts
Abductsthe
thebrachium
brachium
(upper
arm)
(upper arm)
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Adducts
Adductsand
and
medially
medially
rotates
rotates
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major
Adducts
Adducts
and
and
medially
medially
rotates
rotates
13
Muscles
identified
in blue aremuscle
shown names
on the LUMEN
muscle
site:
Click
on hyperlinked
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
13
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
14
MusclesClick
identified
in blue are shown
onnames
the LUMEN
muscle
site:
on hyperlinked
muscle
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
14
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Adduct
Adduct and
and
medially
medially
rotate
rotate the
the
brachium.
brachium.
Latissimus dorsi
Anterior
insertion
Teres major
15
15
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audio file
for this slide
Abductor
Abductor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres
minor
Subscapularis
Adductors
Adductors
16
16
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Levator scapulae
Elevates
Elevatesand
and
fixates
the
fixates the
scapula
scapula
Rhomboids:
minor
major
Adducts
Adducts
(retracts)
(retracts)and
and
fixates
the
fixates the
scapula
scapula
17
17
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Biceps brachii
Flexes
Flexes elbow;
elbow;
slight
slight adductor
adductor
of
brachium.
of brachium.
18
Click on
hyperlinked
names
forLUMEN
linked diagrams.
Muscles
identified
in bluemuscle
are shown
on the
muscle site:
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
18
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Biceps brachii
O:
O:coracoid
coracoidand
andglenoid
glenoid
of
scapula.
of scapula.
I:I:radial
radialtuberosity.
tuberosity.
19
19
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audio file
for this slide
Brachialis
Flexes
Flexeselbow;
elbow;
synergist
synergistwith
with
biceps
bicepsb.
b.
20
20
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Triceps brachii:
lateral head
long head
Extends
Extends
the
theelbow
elbow
21
Muscles
in blue are
shown
on thefor
LUMEN
site:
Clickidentified
on hyperlinked
muscle
names
linkedmuscle
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
21
There is no
audio file
for this slide
Medial epicondyle
origin of most lower
arm flexors
Brachioradialis
Flexes
Flexesand
andabducts
abducts
wrist,
fixates
wrist, fixateswrist
wristin
in
abducted
abductedposition.
position.
Flexor retinaculum
22
The flexor
retinaculum is tendinous band which holds the flexor tendons in position.
The small groove through which these tendons pass is called the carpal
tunnel, and tendonitis in this region is called carpal tunnel syndrome.
Muscles identified in blue are shown on the LUMEN muscle site:
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
22
Lateral epicondyle
Extensor
carpi
radialis
longus
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
Flexor
digitorum
profundus
23
Muscles
identified
in blue aremuscle
shown names
on the LUMEN
muscle
site:
Click
on hyperlinked
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
23
Lateral epicondyle
origin of extensors
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for this
slide
24
24
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audio file
for this
slide
25
25
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audio file
for this
slide
Quadratus lumborum
Iliopsoas
{Iliacus
Psoas major
Unilaterally
Unilaterally
abducts
abductsvertebral
vertebral
column;
bilaterally
column; bilaterally
extends
extendsand
and
fixates
vertebrae.
fixates vertebrae.
Flexes
Flexesthigh
thigh
26
26
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Gluteus maximus
Extends
Extendsthe
thethigh,
thigh,
and
fixates
thigh
and fixates thighin
in
extended
position.
extended position.
Important
Importantin
in
climbing
climbingand
and
running,
running,but
butnot
notin
in
walking.
walking.
Iliotibial tract
27
Click on
hyperlinked
names
forLUMEN
linked diagrams.
Muscles
identified
in bluemuscle
are shown
on the
muscle site:
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
27
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
The Hamstrings:
Knee Flexors
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris:
Semimembraneosus
Long head
Semitendinosus
Short head
28
Muscles
identified
in blue aremuscle
shown on
the LUMEN
muscle
site:
Click
on hyperlinked
names
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
28
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Abduct
Abductthigh
thigh
and
stabilize
and stabilize
the
thethigh
thigh
when
whentaking
taking
steps,
steps,as
asin
in
walking.
walking.
Gluteus maximus
29
29
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audio file
for this
slide
Adductors:
brevis
longus
magnus
Gracilis
Adducts
Adductsknee;
knee;flexes
flexes
and
laterally
rotates
and laterally rotates
thigh.
thigh.
30
30
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Quadriceps femoris
Extends
Extendsthe
theknee.
knee.
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
31
31
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Peroneus (fibularis)
longus
Tibialis anterior
32
MusclesClick
identified
in blue are shown
the LUMEN
muscle
site:
on hyperlinked
muscleonnames
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
32
Tibialis Anterior
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audio file
for this
slide
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexionand
and
inversion
inversion
33
33
Gastrocnemius
Primary
Primaryaction
actionis
is
plantar
flexion.
plantar flexion.
Soleus
Fixates
Fixatesfoot
footin
inaa
plantar
plantarflexed
flexed
position
position
34
34
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
35
Muscles
identified
in bluemuscle
are shown
on the
muscle site:
Click on
hyperlinked
names
for LUMEN
linked diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
35
36
Muscles
in blue are
shown
on thefor
LUMEN
site:
Clickidentified
on hyperlinked
muscle
names
linkedmuscle
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
36
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Gastrocnemius
(medial and lateral
heads)
37
37
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
Plantaris
Soleus
Gastrocnemius (cut)
38
Muscles
identified
in blue are muscle
shown on
the LUMEN
muscle
site:
Click
on hyperlinked
names
for linked
diagrams.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/index.htm
38
There is no
audio file
for this
slide
39
39