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To Ground
or Not to
Ground:
That is Not the
Question (in the USA)
John Wiles
Sponsored by the Photovoltaic Systems Assistance Center,
Sandia National Laboratories
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Code Corner
PV
module
Current-carrying
conductors
+
-
Grounded
conductor
Bond
Equipment grounding
conductors
Ground
bus
NEC Requirements
The NEC establishes requirements for nearly all field-installed
electrical systems that are not owned and operated by a utility
on utility property. For example, it covers PV systems (Article
690), cranes and hoists (Article 610), EV charging stations
(Article 625), electric welders (Article 630), computers (Article
645), communications systems (commercial and amateur,
Chapter 8), and most other electrical installations.
The NEC covers low voltage systems (less than 50 volts) in
Article 720 and high voltage systems (over 75 kilovolts) in
Section 110. It covers systems with zero frequency (direct
current) through radio frequency (RF) systems into the
gigahertz range.
Equipment Grounding
With respect to grounding, the NEC requires that all PV
systems have equipment-grounding conductors that connect
all of the exposed metal surfaces of the system to a
grounding electrode (690-43). This applies to any PV system
that has field-installed wiring (items like solar wristwatches
and path lights are excluded), even those operating at 12
volts. As noted above, the non-current-carrying conductors
Grounding
electrode
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AC load center
Grounded conductor
Bond
Equipment
grounds
AC
ground
bus
DC ground bus
Equipment Grounding
Table 250-122 in the NEC specifies the
size of the equipment-grounding
conductors for each circuit. The size is
based on the rating of the overcurrent
device protecting the circuit and ranges
from number 14 AWG (2 mm 2 )
conductor in a 15 amp circuit to a
number 3 AWG (26.7 mm2) equipmentgrounding conductor in a 400 amp
circuit.
114
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115
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117