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#AlphabeticallistofHITVocabulary
###[A](#A_section)[B](#B_section)[C](#C_section)[D](#D_section)[E](#E_section)[F](#F_section)[G](#G_section)[H](#H_section)[I](#I_section)[J](#J_section)[K]
(#K_section)[L](#L_section)[M](#M_section)[N](#N_section)[O](#O_section)[P](#P_section)[Q](#Q_section)[R](#R_section)[S](#S_section)[T](#T_section)[U]
(#U_section)[V](#V_section)[W](#W_section)[X](#X_section)[Y](#Y_section)[Z](#Z_section)
Needalistofacronymsinalphabeticalorderandwhattheystandfor?<ahref="https://www.udacity.com/wiki/ud514/acronyms"target="_blank">Wehavethat,too</a>.
<aname="A_section"></a>
###[A](#A_section)
**AccountableCareOrganization(ACO)**:MEDICAREsoutcomesbasedcontractingapproach<br>
**Acutedisease**:medicalproblemsthateithergoawayontheirownorcanbecuredwithalimitedcourseoftreatment<br>
**Agentbasedmodels**:agentsrepresent"actors"inaprocessandcanhavearichsetofattributesthatallowthemtomakedecisionsabouthowtocommunicateor
interactwitheachotherandtheirenvironment<br>
**AmericanRecoveryandReconstructionAct(ARRA)**:theObamaadministrations2009economicstimulusbill<br>
**ArdenSyntax**:anapproachtospecifyingmedicalknowledgeandclinicaldecisionsupportrulesinaformthatisindependentofanyelectronichealthrecord(EHR)
andthussharableacrosshospitals<br>

M f fm, f .
p m mb m, mb x .

AlphabeticallistofHITVocabulary
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Needalistofacronymsinalphabeticalorderandwhattheystandfor?Wehavethat,too.

A
AccountableCareOrganization(ACO):MEDICAREsoutcomesbasedcontractingapproach
Acutedisease:medicalproblemsthateithergoawayontheirownorcanbecuredwithalimitedcourseoftreatment
Agentbasedmodels:agentsrepresent"actors"inaprocessandcanhavearichsetofattributesthatallowthemtomakedecisionsabouthowtocommunicateorinteractwitheach
otherandtheirenvironment
AmericanRecoveryandReconstructionAct(ARRA):theObamaadministrations2009economicstimulusbill
ArdenSyntax:anapproachtospecifyingmedicalknowledgeandclinicaldecisionsupportrulesinaformthatisindependentofanyelectronichealthrecord(EHR)andthussharable
acrosshospitals

B
Bioinformatics:computationalmodelingofcomplexintracellularbiochemicalprocesses
Biosense:theCDCselectronicsurveillancenetworkfordiseaseoutbreaksandbioterrorism
BlueButton:anASCIItextbasedstandardforheathinformationsharingfirstintroducedbytheVeteransAdministrationtofacilitateaccesstorecordsstoredinVistAbytheirpatients
BlueButton+:anewerBlueButtonformatthatprovidesbothhuman(e.g.text)andmachinereadable(e.g.XML)formats

C
CareCoordinator:aprofessionalwhoengageswithandmonitorspatientsbetweenvisitstowhatisoftenapatientcenteredmedicalhomemodelpractice
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC):thefederalagencyfocusedondiseaseinthecommunity
CentersforMedicareandMedicaidServices(CMS):thecomponentoftheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesthatadministerstheMedicareandMedicaidprograms
Centralizedarchitecture:aformofHIEinwhichdataisaggregatedandstoredcentrallyinordertoprovidevalueaddedservices
CertificateAuthority(CA):anentitythatdigitallysignscertificaterequestsandissuesX.509digitalcertificatesthatlinkapublickeytoattributesofitsowner
Chronicdisease:medicalproblemsthatcan'tbecuredandforwhichthegoaloftreatmentismanagementtoavoidlongtermcomplications
ClinicalContextObjectWorkshop(CCOW):anHL7standardforsynchronizingandcoordinatingapplicationstoautomaticallyfollowthepatientuser(andother)contextsallowthe
clinicalusersexperiencetoresembleinteractingwithasinglesystemwhentheuserisusingmultiple,independentapplicationsfrommanydifferentsystems
ClinicalDataRepository:adatabasespecificallydesignedtosupportadhocqueryandusuallypopulatedwithdatafromEHRsandotherclinicalsupportsystemsinahospitalor
healthsystem
ClinicalDecisionSupport:theprovisionofevidencebasedmedicaladvicetoproviders,ideallywithinthecontextofdecisionmakingusingtheirEHR

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ClinicalDocumentArchitecture(CDA):anXMLbasedmarkupstandardintendedtospecifytheencoding,structure,andsemanticsofclinicaldocuments
ClinicalInformationModelingInitiative(CIMI):anindependentcollaborationofmajorhealthproviderstoimprovetheinteroperabilityofhealthcareinformationsystemsthrough
sharedandimplementableclinicalinformationmodels
CONNECT:ONCsupportedopensourcesoftwareformanagingthecentralizedmodelofHIE
ConsolidatedCDA(CCDA):thesecondrevisionofHL7sCDAthatattemptstointroducemorestandardizedtemplatestofacilitateinformationsharing(amandateofMeaningfulUse
2)
ContextManagementSpecification(CMS):standardstoallowdiverseandnoninteroperablesystemstopresentdatatoendusersasthoughitallcomesfromasinglesystem
ContinuityofCareDocument(CCD):anXMLbasedpatientsummarybasedontheCDAarchitecture
ContinuityofCareRecord(CCR):anXMLbasedpatientsummaryformatthatprecededCDA
Controlledstudies:randomandblindassignmentofpatientsintoexperimentalgroups,typicallytotesttheefficacyandcosteffectivenessofalternateformsoftreatment
CurrentProceduralTerminology(CPT):theAmericanMedicalAssociationsstandardforcodingmedicalprocedures

D
DataLockers:anHIEtoolforcentraldatastoragewhiledatasourcesmaintaincontrolofitsuse
DataSegmentationModels:approachestoobtainingpatientconsenttousespecificsubsetsoftheirhealthdata
DataSegmentation:technologiesfordividinghealthdataintologicalgroupsinordertoobtainpatientconsentforsharingofsomepartsoftheirhealthdata
DataWarehouse:astoragefacilityfordatafrommultiplesourcesusuallytofacilitateaccessandanalysis
DeidentifiedHealthInformation:clinicaldatafromwhich18specifiedfieldsareremovedtopreventidentifyingthepatient(orwhichhasbeendeemedbyanexperttobesufficiently
manipulatedtopreventidentifyingthepatient)
DecisionTrees:directed(norepetition)graphstomodelaonewaydecisionmakingprocess
DeoxyribonucleicAcid(DNA):thegeneticmaterialthatispasseddownacrossgenerationsandstoresinformationuniquetoanindividual
DiscreteEventSimulation:amodelinwhichentitieshaveattributesandcanwaitinqueuesforresources
DistributedQueryStandards:standardstorequestandreceivespecifieddatafromdiverseanddistributedsources
DistributedQuery:arequestforspecificdatafromdiverseanddistributedsources(e.g.HQMF)
DomainNameSystem(DNS):thenamingsystemforcomputers,services,oranyresourceconnectedtotheInternet(oraprivatenetwork).Amongotherthings,ittranslatesdomain
names(forexample,eBay.com)tothenumericalIPaddressesneededtolocateInternetconnectedresources

E
ePrescribing:theelectronicorderingofprescriptionmedications,ideallythroughanEHR,andthetransmissionofthatordertoaconnectedpharmacyofthepatientschoosing
eHealthExchange:asetofstandards,services,andpoliciesthatenablesecurenationwide,InternetbasedHIEusingCONNECToroneofthecommercialHIEproductsthatsupport
eHealthExchange
eHealthInitiative(eHI):anonprofitwhosemembersseektoimprovethequalityofhealthcarebypromotingtheuseoftechnologyandinformation
EHRcertification:asetoftechnicalrequirementsdevelopedbyONCthat,ifmet,qualifyanEHRtobeusedbyaneligibleprofessionaltoachieveMeaningfulUse
ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI):aformatforelectronicmessagingthatutilizescrypticbutcompactnotationprimarilytosupportcomputertocomputercommercialinformation
exchange
ElectronicHealthRecord(EHR):astakeholderwideelectronicrecordofapatientscompletehealthsituation
ElectronicMedicalRecord(EMR):anelectronicrecordusedbyalicensedprofessionalcareprovider
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML):awidelyusedstandardformachineandhumanreadableelectronicdocumentsandthelanguageusedtode.neCDAtemplates

F
FastHealthInteroperableResources(FHIR):anHL7initiativethatseekstousemodernwebstandardsandtechnologiestosimplifyandexpediterealworldinteroperabilitysolutions
FederatedArchitecture:anHIEarchitectureinwhichsensitivehealthdataremainsstoredinthesourcesystems

G
Gatekeeper:aprovider(usuallyaprimarycarephysicianinanHMO)withoverallresponsibilityforapatientscareandwhocontrolsaccesstospecialistphysicians

H
HealthInformatics(HIT):thesetoftoolsneededtofacilitateelectronic
HealthInformationExchange(HIE):thesharingofdigitalhealthinformationbythevariousstakeholdersinvolved,includingthepatient
HealthInformationSystemsProgramme(HISP):acomponentofDirectthatprovidesaproviderdirectory,secureemailaddresses,andpublickeyinfrastructure(PKI)
HealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityActof1996(HIPAA):legislationintendedtosecurehealthinsuranceforemployeeschangingjobsandsimplifyadministrationwith
electronictransactions.ItalsodefinestherulesconcerningpatientprivacyandsecurityforPHI.
HealthLevel7(HL7):anotforpro.tglobalorganizationtoestablishstandardsforinteroperability
HealthMaintenanceOrganizations(HMOs):anorganizationthatprovidesmanagedhealthcareonaprepaidbasis.Employerswith25ormoreemployeesmustcoverfederally
certifiedHMOoptionsiftheyoffertraditionalhealthcareoptions.
HealthQualityMeasureFormat(HQMF):anXMLbasedstandardforspecifyingaqueryforahealthqualitymetric
HealthSystem:anetworkofprovidersthatareaffiliatedforthemoreintegrateddeliveryofcare
HL7DevelopmentFramework(HDF):theframeworkusedbyHL7toproducespecificationsfordata,messagingprocess,andotherstandards
hQuery:anONCfunded,opensourceefforttodevelopageneralizedsetofdistributedqueriesacrossdiverseEHRsforsuchpurposesasclinicalresearch.Itisnowpartofthemore
comprehensiveQueryHealthProjectinitiatedbyONC

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Hybridarchitecture:anHIEarchitecturethatcombinescentralizedandfederateddatastorage
HypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP):aqueryresponseprotocolusedtotransferinformationbetweenwebbrowsersandconnectedservers.HTTPSisthesecureversion

I
i2b2(InformaticsforIntegratingBiologyandtheBedside):ascalablequeryframeworkforexplorationofclinicalandgenomicdataforresearchtodesigntargetedtherapiesfor
individualpatientswithdiseaseshavinggeneticorigins
InternetMessageAccessProtocol(IMAP):anewer(thanPOP)twowayemailstandardthatprovidesmorefunctionality
InternationalClassificationofDisease(ICD):theWorldHealthOrganizationsalmostuniversallyusedstandardcodesfordiagnoses.ThecurrentversionisICD10,butICD9is
usedinmostUSinstitutions.TheconversiondateisOctober1,2014
Interoperability:theabilityofdiverseinformationsystemstoseamlesslysharedataandcoordinateontasksinvolvingmultiplesystems

L
LightweightDirectoryAccessProtocol(LDAP):aprotocolforaccessing(includingsearching)andmaintainingdistributeddirectoryinformationservices(suchasanemaildirectory)
overanIPnetwork
LogicalObservationIdentifiersNamesandCodes(LOINC):theRegenstriefInstitutesstandardforlaboratoryandclinicalobservations

M
MarkovDecisionProcess(MDP):aseriesofprobabilitydrivendecisiontreeswheretheoutputofeachistheinputtothenext
MarkovModels:decisiontreesthatuserecursion(eventscanrepeat),representtimeandmay,optionally,havememoryofpastevents/decisions
MeaningfulUse:asetofusagerequirementsdefinedinthreestagesbyONCunderwhicheligibleprofessionalsarepaidforadoptingacertifiedEHR.Thethreestagesareoften
referredtoasMU1,MU2,andMU3
Medicare:thefederallyoperatedprogramtoprovidehealthcareservicestoUScitizensovertheageof65
MultipurposeInternetMailExtensions(MIME):theInternetstandardfortheformatofemailattachmentsusedinDirect.S/MIMEisthesecureversion

N
NationalDrugCode(NDC):theFoodandDrugAdministrationsnumberingsystemforallmedicationscommerciallyavailableintheUnitedStates

O
OfficeoftheNationalCoordinatorforHealthInformationTechnology(ONC):theagencycreatedin2004withintheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicestopromotethe
deploymentofHITintheUnitedStates
OrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD):a34membergroupofadvancedcountriesthatseekstoimproveglobaleconomicdevelopmentthrougha
stronger,cleaner,fairerworld

P
PatientPortal:asecurewebsitethatgivespatientsaccesstopersonalhealthinformation.Datatypicallyinclude:recentprovidervisits,hospitaldischargesummaries,andclinical
informationsuchasmedicationsandlabresults.Moreadvancedportalsprovidefunctionslikeemailtotheprovider,appointmentscheduling,andprescriptionrenewalrequests
PayforPerformance(P4P):anapproachtopayforhealthcarethatrewardsphysicianperformanceagainstcertaindefinedqualitymetrics
PersonalHealthRecord(PHR):typicallyawebpagewherehealthdataandinformationrelatedtotheircareismaintainedbythepatient
PopMedNet:atechnologyforreportingpopulationleveldatafromdiverseanddistributedsources
PrimaryCarePhysician(PCP):thegeneralistinapatientscareteamwhoassumesoverallresponsibilityforalltheirhealthissuesandoftenthegatekeeperwhomustgenerate
referralstospecialists
PrivacyConsentModels:approachestoobtainingpatientconsentforsharingclinicaldata
Privacy:assuringthatclinicaldataisonlysharedaccordingtopatientspecifiedpreferences
PrivateKey:theprotected(knownonlytoitsowner)partofthespecialpairofnumbersusedtoencryptdocumentsusingPKI
Processmining:inferringoverallprocessesfromdiscretedatacollectedfrom/abouteventsthatarepartoftheprocess
ProtectedHealthInformation(PHI):anyhealthorhealthrelatedinformationthatcanberelatedbacktoaspecificpatient.PHIissubjecttoHIPAAregulations
Provider:healthprofessionals,includingphysicians,nursepractitioners,physiciansassistants,thatareengagedindirectpatientcare
PublicKeyInfrastructure(PKI):awidelyusedsystemforprotectionofdocuments,messages,andotherdatathatrestsonapairofpublicandprivatekeystoallowforavarietyof
usecases
PublicKey:thepublicpartofthespecialpairofnumbersusedtoencryptdocumentsusingPKI

Q
QualityReportingDocumentArchitecture(QRDA):anXMLstandardforreportingqualitymetricsusuallyinresponsetoanHQMFquery
QueryHealthProject:ONCsworkgrouptoidentifythestandardsandservicesfordistributedpopulationhealthqueriestocertifiedEHRsandotherpatientdatasources,suchasHIEs

R
ReferenceInformationModel(RIM):apictorialrepresentationoftheHL7clinicaldata(domains)thatillustratesthelifecycleofanHL7messageorgroupsofrelatedmessages
RegistrationAuthority(RA):anentitythatcollectsinformationforthepurposeofverifyingtheidentityofanindividualororganizationandproducesacertificaterequest

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RescueCare:hightechnologycareofpatientswithacutelifethreateningdiseasesorconditions

S
Security:limitingaccesstodatatoonlythosewhoareauthorizedtoaccessit
Semantics:themeaningofwordsorexpressions
SimplifiedMailTransportProtocol(SMTP):theInternetstandardforemailusedbyDirect.ThesecureversionisS/SMTP
Syntactics:thestructureofwordsorexpressions
SystemizedNomenclatureforMedicine(SNOMED):acomprehensive,hierarchicalhealthcareterminologysystem

T
Telemedicine:theuseoftelecommunicationsbasedtechnologiestodeliverremotemedicalcare,monitorpatients,orprovideotherhealthcareservices
Trust:assuringthatdataisbeingsharedwiththepersonorentitywithwhomitissupposedlybeingshared

X
X.509DigitalCertificate:thetechnicalnameforanelectronicdocumentissuedbyaCAthatusesadigitalsignaturetobindapublickeywithanidentitybasedoninformationfroman
RA
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