HAZOP STUDY REPORT

Client

Nagarjuna Oil
Corporation Ltd.

PROCESS

SO2331

CS-140-PR-470001

Plant

DHU Unit (Unit

-1400)

Dept.

Project

Document Number

Rev.

5. HAZOP Methodology & Technique

5.1 Methodology
HAZOP studies are undertaken by application of formal, systematic and critical approach to
examine the process the process engineering intentions of process design. The potential of
hazard is thus assessed, and the chances of malfunction of individual equipment and its
consequences for the whole system are identified.
Identical equipment and associated system are subjected to a generic approach including where
two or more system operate in partial.
5.2 Technique
The HAZOP study involve a rigorous and systematic examination of all known deviations from
normal operating condition using a series of guidewords and covering every parameter of system
under review. Deviation (ie-guideword+chosen parameter) are identified by application of
standard list guide words.
The guide words are used were: No,More,Less,Reverse other than etc.The following parameters
relevant to the system under review were considered:Flow, temperature, Pressure, Level,
Composition, Others.
5.3 Intention:
The intention defines how the system is expected to operate at the nodes. It thus provides a point
of reference for developing deviations.
5.4 Deviation:
These are departures from the design intention that are discovered by systematically applying the
guidewords to each parameter at each node (e.g. HIGH + TEMPERATURE = HIGH
TEMPERATURE). It is not unusual to have more than one deviation from the application of a
same guideword. For example, "MORE FLOW" could mean either that there is a higher
FLOWRATE, or more quantity is flowed.
5.5 Causes:
These are the reasons why deviations may occur. Not all possible deviations are meaningful and
tehh HAZOP team identified meaningful deviations with credible causes. These causes can be
equipment failures, human errors or external (e.g. loss of power).
5.6 Consequences:
These are the results of the deviations should they occur (e.g. release of toxic materials). Note
that the consequences of a deviation offten differ for each cause of the deviation.

HAZOP STUDY REPORT

Client
Plant

Nagarjuna Oil
Corporation
Ltd.
DHU Unit
(Unit -1400)

PROCESS

SO2331

CS-140-PR47-0001

Dept.

Project

Document
Number

Rev.

5.7 Actions/Recommendations
These are either suggested actions to prevent the consequences of a deviation, or a need to
obtain further information before the particular deviation can be properly assessed. The HAZOP
study is intended to identify problems, not necessarily solve them where a solution is not obvious,
a potentila problem existes and recommends that someone review it for potential solutions.
5.8 Recording:
Records are documented through "recording by exception", i.e. to only record the deviations that
cause particular hazards or operating problems. If no deviations are discovered "N.A" /"NOW
NEW CAUSE" may be recorded against that node. In this way the amount of documentation can
be kept at a reasonable level.
5.9 Undertaking the study:
From the description of the HAZOP study it is clear that a study team will consider part of a
process design for a number of Deviation and Guidewords. Thus, a study meeting will follwo
through a series of steps repeatedly. The sequence of action for the HAZOP can be represented
as given below. These are seven steps, whichare repeated, many times during the HAZOP.
a) Apply the guideword
b) Develop a deviation
c) Examine possible causes
d) Examine consequences
e) Consider hazards or operatability problems
f) Decide upon action
g) Make a record of the discussion and decision
A full record of the HAZOP study was made on worksheets and these are presented in the
Appendices.(Refer Annexure-III)
HAZOP has been done on Excel work sheets.