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ACUPUNCTURE AND
AURICULOTHERAPY APPLIED
TO DENTISTRY
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ACUPUNCTURE AND
AURICULOTHERAPY APPLIED
TO DENTISTRY
CAMILA DA SILVA GONALO
JUAN GUZMAN QUISPE-CABANILLAS
AND
ISBN: 978-1-62257-203-8
CONTENTS
Preface
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Results
Chapter 4
27
31
35
37
Chapter 8
39
Chapter 9
41
Chapter 10
Final Considerations
49
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
References
51
Index
57
PREFACE
With the increasing incorporation of Oriental models of health care
in the West, the perspective of action by professionals in this area has
changed and broadened. In the case of dentistry the need to practice it
considering a holistic view of the human being has heightened the search
for alternative, complementary and integrated treatment options. This
perspective has broken the predominant paradigm in which dentists and
their spectrum of professional activity have been exclusively conditioned
by manual dexterity and the mechanics used in performing operative
procedures. This book presents and extensive literature review of
meridians, points, benefits and limitations of acupuncture applied to
dentistry. The data were obtained by means of reading complete works
from various countries, written by different authors: Wen (1995),
Gonzalez (1999), Cobos and Vas (2000), Yamamura (2001), Stux and
Pomeranz (2004), Lian (2005), Zhixian and Cols. (2005) and Maciocia
(2007). Around 200 acupoints for dental action and over sixty types of
affections directly linked to the dentists area of activity were found.
Tables containing combinations of body points have been structured.
Three auricular maps have been organized. The findings indicate positive
results in the treatment of Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD),
Xerostomia, Tinnitus and Obstructive sleep apnea. The main limitations
of acupuncture in dentistry mentioned in the researched literature refer to
the variations in response to acupunctural stimulation; unsatisfactory
response presented by certain patients; contraindications and reduced
results. This study attained its objective of presenting a literature review
on the main meridians and points of acupuncture used in dentistry, as
well as the benefits and limitations of this therapy. Bearing in mind the
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank: Antonio Cesar, my father; Vera Maria, my
mother, Alexandre, my brother; Carolina, my sister and Fabio, my love,
because they have constantly supported me during my journey though
studies that began in 2008. I could not have written this book without
them: my teachers Professor Nelson Filice de Barros Ph.D., Coordinator
of the Laboratory for Alternative, Complementary and Integrative
Practices in Health (LAPACISFCM/UNICAMP, Brazil) and Professor
Juan Guzman Quispe-Cabanillas Msc., Coordinator of the Specialization
Course in Acupuncture, at the Hermnio Ometto University Center
UNIARARAS, Brazil. I also would like to thank: Professor Antonio
Carlos Pereira Ph.D., for the teachings in my Masters Degree at
Piracicaba Dental School (FOP/UNICAMP, Brazil); Professor Jorge Vas
Ph.D., responsible for the Pain Treatment UnitDoa Mercedes Health
Centre, in Spain who showed me the theoretical and practical basis of
acupuncture according to the precepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine
and Professor Francisco Martos Crespo Ph.D., (Universidad de Mlaga,
Spain) for having accepted me as exchange student in this centre. This
book is dedicated to the people mentioned above, as well as to: Manuela
Modesto, M. ngeles Campos, Inmaculada Aguilar, all professionals in
the Doa Mercedes Health Centre (Spain) and all researchers at
LAPACIS Laboratory for Alternative, Complementary and
Integrative Practices in Health/ FCM-UNICAMP (Brazil). I thank the
Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo FAPESP,
(Protocol Number 2010/05217-0), for funding this research.
Camila da Silva Gonalo
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Acupuncture used in an adequate manner, considering its
limitations, and practiced by qualified professionals, tends to be of
great benefit to the Dentist in optimizing the working time in the
dental office.
(Viana et al, 2008)
Introduction
Chapter 2
Cols. (2005) and Maciocia (2007). From reading and selecting the
content directly related to acupuncture in dentistry, the data were
organized in tables, graphs and illustrations.
For inclusion of the findings, we considered that dental patients are
frequently attended while positioned lying on the back, due to the
anatomic design of the chair traditionally used in the dental office. Thus,
the selection of acupoints presented in this chapter started fundamentally
from the accessibility of areas of the human body (possibility of
visualization and direct access to the site of puncture), based on the
working position in the dental office.
With the aim of complementing the findings from the books
consulted in this review, a complementary search was conducted in
academic studies about the use of acupuncture applied in dental
situations, published over the last ten years (2001-2011). For this search
three databases of theses and dissertations were researched: University of
So Paulo USP, State University of Campinas UNICAMP and
Federal University of So Paulo UNIFESP.
We point out that the universe of diagnosis and treatment offered by
MTC (Traditional Chinese Medicine) is composed of various subjects
linked to the care and maintenance of health. Under these circumstances,
the information made available in this chapter represent a fraction of this
content, since the illustrations presented as follows refer to the bodily
and auricular acupoints most frequently used in the treatment of classical
affections that attack the orofacial region.
It is important to emphasize that the results contained in Tables 1 to
4 represent particular indications of each bodily acupoint. These data
should not be interpreted as a treatment protocol, or suggestion for the
combination of points. The intention of this review was to synthesize
information to facilitate and promote approximation between the dentist
and the main affections capable of undergoing intervention with the aid
of acupuncture. For more detailed guidance on the information related in
this text, it is recommended that specific didactic matter on Acupuncture,
diagnosis and therapies from the perspective of TCM should be
consulted.
Chapter 3
RESULTS
Table 01. Yin Meridians (Hand) - Main acupoints related to dental
practice
Affections
Tooth Abscess
Lung (L)
L7
Heart (H)
---
Agitation
L4
H5- H7-H8
Anxiety
L10
H1-H3- H4-H7
Dry mouth
L5
---
Headache
L6-L7-L9-L10
H2-H3-H5-H6-H7
Recurrent headache
Vertex headache
Cervicalgia
Depression
Deviation of the
mouth
Facial edema
Facial spasm
Lingual edema
Stomatitis
Halitosis
Irritability
Dry tongue
----L7
---
------H3-H7
Pericardium (PC)
--PC4-PC5-PC6PC7-PC8-PC9
PC3-PC4-PC5-PC6PC7-PC8- PC9
PC3
PC8-PC9-PC6
(migraine)
----PC6
PC5-PC7
---
---
---
L1-L9
L7
------L5
L5
----H7
----H7
---
Fear
L10
H3-H4-H5-H6-H7
Nausea
Trigeminal
Neuralgia
---
---
------PC8
PC8
PC6-PC9
--PC3-PC4- PC5PC6- PC7 -PC8
PC3-PC4-PC5-PC6
L7
H3
PC8
Lung (L)
L4
--L7-L9-L10-L11
Palpitation
L4
Facial Paralysis
Tongue Rigidity
Nuchal Rigidity
Neck Rigidity
Dizziness
Trismus
Lingual ulcer
Tinnitus
L7
--L7
L7
L10
L7
-----
Heart (H)
--H3-H7-H6-H5
H3
H1-H3-H5-H6-H7H8-H9
--H5-H4
--------H5-H7
H3
Pericardium (PC)
--PC4
--PC2- PC3-PC4PC5-PC6-PC7- PC9
--PC7-PC9
----PC6-PC9
--PC8
PC9
Fonte: Wen (1995); Cobos & Vas (2000); Yamamura (2001); Stux & Pomeranz,
2004; Zhixian & Cols. (2005); Lian et al. (2005); Maciocia (2007).
Results
10
Spleen (SP)
--SP1-SP2-SP5
SP4
---
Kidney (KD)
--KD3-KD4
KD1-KD21-KD6-KD9
KD7
Headache
SP3-SP9-SP6
KD1-KD3
Recurrent headache
Vertex headache
Cervicalgia
Depression
Deviation of the
mouth
Facial edema
Facial spasm
Lingual edema
Stomatitis
Halitosis
Irritability
Dry tongue
------SP3-SP4
--KD1
KD1
---
Liver (LV)
------LV2-LV4
LV2-LV3LV4-LV8
LV7
-------
---
---
LV3
SP4
-------------
----------LV2-LV3
---
Fear
---
Nausea
SP3
------KD4
--KD3
KD1-KD4
KD2-KD3-KD4- KD6KD21
KD1- KD17- KD20KD21-KD24-KD23KD25-KD27
---
---
---
------SP5-SP6
--SP6
-----
--KD4
KD3
KD4-KD9
--KD4 (raiz da lngua)
----KD1-KD3-KD6-KD7KD9
KD6
--KD1-KD3-KD6-KD7KD9-KD10-KD12-KD13KD16
------LV2
---------
Trigeminal
Neuralgia
Nervousness
Neurasthenia
Toothache
Palpitation
Facial Paralysis
Tongue Rigidity
Nuchal Rigidity
Neck Rigidity
Dizziness
SP6
Trismus
Lingual ulcer
-----
Tinnitus
SP6
LV2
---
LV2-LV3
----LV2
Fonte: Wen (1995); Cobos & Vas (2000); Yamamura (2001); Stux & Pomeranz,
2004; Zhixian & Cols. (2005); Lian et al. (2005); Maciocia (2007).
Results
11
12
Results
13
Large Intestine
(LI)
Small Intestine
(SM)
LI7-LI7
SM17
---
LI4
---
---
LI1-LI4
---
--SM 7
--SJ1
LI4
SM5
SJ17-SJ21
---
SM17
---
LI1 - LI3
--LI6
--SM16
---
Headache
LI2-LI3-LI4LI5-LI6-LI7LI9-LI10-LI11LI14
Vertex headache
Occipital headache
-----
SM3
SM6
SJ1-SJ4
----SJ1-SJ2-SJ3-SJ5-SJ9SJ10-SJ11-SJ12SJ16-SJ17-SJ18SJ19-SJ20-SJ21SJ22-SJ23
-----
Affections of the
mouth and throat
Affections of the
head and neck
Analgesia
Anxiety
Temporomandibular
Arthritis
Temporomandibular
Joint Arthrosis
Dry mouth
Bruxism
Dental Caries
14
Affections
Large Intestine
(LI)
---
Small Intestine
(SM)
SM3- SM5SM12
---
Cervicalgia
---
Cervicobrachialgia
Temporomandibular
Dysfunction (TMD)
Deviation of the
mouth
Speech and
Swallowing
Difficulties
Difficulty with
mastication
---
---
SJ21
SM18
SJ17-SJ21
LI18
---
---
---
---
SJ21
Neck pain
---
SM8- SM15SM16
SJ4--SJ5-SJ15
SM8
SJ10-SJ16-SJ17
SM7- SM11
SM8
SM9
SJ5-SJ15
SJ10
Maxillary edema
Gingival Edema
Mandibular Edema
LI1-LI4-LI7LI10-LI20
-------
Migraine
---
SM3
Stomatitis
LI7
SM5
Gingivitis
Gingivorrhagia
Local Inflammation
in the face
Fear
Nausea
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Neurasthenia
Facial Neuralgia
LI11
---
SM5- SM8
---
------SJ2-SJ3-SJ5-SJ10SJ23
SJ1 (lceras na
lngua)
SJ2 -SJ20-SJ21
SJ2
LI6
---
---
LI5
--LI3- LI19
LI4
LI1-LI7
LI 1- LI 2- LI
3- LI 4- LI 5LI 6- LI7- LI
10- LI 11- LI
19
--LI 2- LI 3- LI
4- LI 6- LI 7LI 19- LI 20
LI 10
SM7
SM4
SM18
SM7
SM18
--SJ19
SJ16-SJ17
SJ9
SJ17
SJ1-SJ2-SJ3-SJ5-SJ7SJ8-SJ9-SJ12-SJ17SJ19-SJ20-SJ21-SJ23
---
SJ2-SJ10
SM18
SJ17-SJ18-SJ19SJ22-SJ23
---
---
Facial edema
Toothache
Palpitation
Facial Paralysis
Paresthesia
Results
Affections
15
Large Intestine
(LI)
Small Intestine
(SM)
Periarthritis of
Temporomandibular
Joint
---
---
SJ17
Cervical Rigidity
---
LI 7
LI 5
--LI 4
LI 18
Dizziness
Trismus
LI 4- LI 19
Aphthous UIcers
(Aphta)
LI 4- LI 7
---
SJ5
LI 1- LI 4- LI
5- LI 6
SM1-SM2-SM3SM4-SM5-SM9SM16- SM17SM19
SJ2-SJ3-SJ4-SJ5-SJ6SJ7-SJ10-SJ21-SJ2SJ3-SJ5-SJ17-SJ18SJ19-SJ20-SJ21-SJ22
Tinnitus
SM1-SM3-SM4SM7-SM12SM14-SM17
----SM7
SM 3-SM4
--Dizziness
SM5-SM16SM19
SJ5-SJ21
--SJ1-SJ5
SJ16
SJ12-SJ15-SJ16-SJ20
SJ21
Dizziness
SJ6-SJ17-SJ21-SJ22
Fonte: Wen (1995); Cobos & Vas (2000); Yamamura (2001); Stux & Pomeranz,
2004; Zhixian & Cols. (2005); Lian et al. (2005); Maciocia (2007).
Stomach (ST)
--ST6(lower jaw)
ST7(upper jaw)
Bladder (B)
B14
---
---
Anxiety
ST3
GB44
B14-B15-B44B64-B66
Temporomandibular
Arthritis
GB2
---
ST2-ST7-ST8ST9-ST40ST41- ST42ST44
GB1-GB2-GB3-GB4GB5-GB6-GB7-GB8GB9-GB10-GB11GB12-GB13-GB14GB15-GB16-GB17GB18-GB19-GB20GB21-GB31-GB34GB36-GB37-GB38GB39-GB40-GB41GB42-GB43-GB44
B1-B2-B3-B4B5-B6-B7-B9B10-B11-B12B18-B22-B27B37-B40-B56B58-B59-B60B62-B63-B64B65-B66-B67
Dental Analgesia
Headache
16
Affections
Stomach (ST)
Headache
(Migraine)
ST8
Vertex headache
Cervicalgia
Deviation of the
mouth
Difficulty with
mouth opening
Speech difficulties
Facial pain
Neck pain
Facial edema
Facial spasm
Gingivitis
Irritability
Speech incapacity
Temporomandibular
Joint Luxation
Fear
Nausea
Trigeminal
Neuralgia
Neurasthenia
Bladder (B)
B10
B8-B9- B14
B10-B11-B58
GB2-GB4-GB8GB14-GB20
B7-B62
ST6
GB7
---
ST9
ST2-ST7-ST41ST44
ST11
ST3- ST5- ST6ST25- ST40ST41- ST42ST43- ST44ST45
ST2- ST6
(masseter)- ST7
(masseter)
ST7- ST42ST45
ST23
ST1
--GB2-GB3-GB14GB16
GB12-GB19-GB39
B2
GB5-GB6-GB7GB12-GB16-GB34GB36
---
---
---
GB9-GB12-GB16
---
-----
-----
ST7
GB2
---
ST45
GB9
B15-B18-B47B64
GB17-GB23-GB24
B21
GB1-GB3-GB6-GB7GB11-GB14
B2
GB6
B10-B14-B15B43-B47
ST24- ST25ST36
ST2- ST3- ST4ST5- ST6- ST7ST44
ST36- ST45
B9
Results
Affections
Stomach (ST)
Toothache
ST3-ST4-ST5ST6-ST7-ST42ST44- ST45
Facial Paralysis
ST1-ST2-ST3ST4-ST5-ST6ST7-ST8-ST36ST42-ST45
GB1-GB2-GB3-GB4GB8-GB12-GB14GB20
Palpitation
ST36- ST41
GB9-GB19
Periodontitis
Tongue Rigidity
ST7
ST24
--GB11
Nuchal Rigidity
ST11
GB11-GB12-GB39
Neck Rigidity
ST11
Sialorrhea
Menires
Syndrome
17
Bladder (B)
B14
B1-B2
ST4
GB12-GB19-GB20GB21-GB39
GB3
B14- B15-B19B43-B44-B64B66
----B7-B10 - B11B65-B66
B10-B11-B16B41-B60-B62
---
---
GB41
B62
ST4-ST5-ST6ST7-ST44
GB3-GB4-GB5-GB7GB12-GB20
B16-B60-B62
Dizziness
ST8-ST9-ST36ST40-ST41ST45
GB1-GB2-GB3-GB4GB5-GB6-GB8-GB9GB11-GB13 -GB14GB17-GB18-GB19GB20-GB39-GB41
B2-B3-B5-B6B7-B9-B10-B11B16-B18-B22B42-B43-B47B58-B60-B62B64-B65-B66B67
Aphthous UIcers
(Aphta)
ST44
---
---
Trismus
Tinnitus
ST1- ST7
GB2-GB3-GB4-GB6GB9-GB10-GB11GB12-GB15-GB19GB20-GB41- GB42GB43-GB44
B8-B23-B52B60-B62
Fonte: Wen (1995); Cobos & Vas (2000); Yamamura (2001); Stux & Pomeranz,
2004; Zhixian & Cols. (2005); Lian et al. (2005); Maciocia (2007).
Note: In the Du Mai (DM) channel, at least 19 acupoints related to affections that
attack the orofacial area are found. However, due to the patients position in
the dental chair (inclusion criterion established by the authors) the acupoints
located in the trajectory of the Du Mai canal have not been mentioned.
18
Results
19
20
Results
21
22
Results
23
24
Temporomandibular
Dysfunction
Reference
Electromyographic
analysis of the temporal
and masseter muscles and
bite force in individuals
with temporomandibular
dysfunction before and
after treatment with
acupuncture. Rancan,
Sandra Valria (2008)
USP Masters Dissertation.
Nausea
Xerostomia
Evaluation of acupuncture
as a method of preventive
and curative treatment of
xerostomia resulting from
radiotherapy. Braga, Fbio
do Prado Florence (2006)
USP Masters Dissertation.
Cervicalgia
Applications of
acupuncture and
auriculotherapy in the
dental scenarios and in
primary health attention.
Gonalo, Camila da Silva
(2010) UNICAMP
Master's Dissertation.
Myofascial pain of
the trapezium
muscle
The effect of
electroacupuncture in the
treatment of muscular pain.
Aranha, Maria Fernanda
Montans (2010) Master's
Dissertation.
Results
Electromyographic activity of the
masseter and temporal muscles
diminished after treatment with
acupuncture when the
maintenance of postures such as
rest, protrusion and right and left
laterality and tooth clenching were
evaluated, being significant at the
level of 0.05 for the at rest
situation.
Classical acupuncture diminished
the intensity and duration of
nausea and vomiting from the first
to seventh day postchemotherapy. Classical and
auricular acupuncture diminished
the intensity of nausea from the
eighth to twenty-first day postchemotherapy.
It was verified that acupuncture
increased the salivary flow.
Acupuncture was shown to be an
important method of treatment for
xerostomia resulting from
radiotherapy, since it achieved a
significant reliability of efficacy,
which allows us to indicate it and
suggest making the preventive
method available in treatment
centers.
The application of classical
acupuncture provided a significant
reduction in pain intensity,
consumption of analgesics,
incapacity and sleep disorders
caused by pain (p< 0.0001) in
patients with chronic cervicalgia ,
attended at a basic public health
unit.
Electroacupuncture (EA) was
effective for the relief of
myofascial pain of the trapezium
muscle.
Results
Affection
Reference
Tinnitus
Effect of acupuncture on
otoacoustic emissions of
patients with tinnitus.
Azevedo, Renata Frasson
de (2005) UNIFESP
Masters Dissertation.
Obstructive Sleep
Apnea
Treatment of the
obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome with
acupuncture. Freire,
Anaflvia de Oliveira
(2004) UNIFESP Doctoral
Thesis.
25
Results
Both an immediate effect after
each application of EA and a
cumulative effect were observed,
especially as from the third
session. The premenstrual and
menstrual phase appears to be
related to the increase in the pain
threshold observed in the sixth
session.
It was concluded that EA was
effective in the relief of
myofascial pain in the evaluated
sample.
The use of acupuncture relieved
the symptoms of tinnitus. The
results showed a statistically
significant difference in the
amplitude of the otoacoustic
emissions before and after the
application of acupuncture for the
intervention 1(puncture 4.5 cm
above the apex of the ear).
There was a significant reduction
in the apnea-hypopnea index
(mean before = 19.9; mean after =
10.1. P = 0.005), as well as in the
number of respiratory events
(mean before = 116.1; mean after
= 66.5. P = 0.005) in the
acupuncture group, but not in the
placebo group (sham).
In relation to the immediate effect
of acupuncture there was
significant reduction in the time of
beginning of sleep (p = 0.011; p=
0.005), of the apnea-hypopnea
index (p=0.042; p=0.005)
respiratory events 9p=0.0011,
p=0.009) and of microawakenings (p=0.011, p=0.021) in
the manual acupuncture and 10Hz
electroacupuncture groups, before
and after the treatment.
Note: Not all of the studies contained in this table were developed in the field of
dentistry. The table illustrates the efficacy of acupuncture and its therapeutic
applications in manifestations that may be treated by the dentist.
Chapter 4
28
29
Chapter 5
32
33
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
38
Chapter 8
40
Chapter 9
42
43
Figure 13. Auricular pavilion and main acupoints used in dentistry (adapted from
Gonzales, 1999).
44
*If the pain is located in the upper jaw, the use of additional point "stomach" is
recommended, if pain is localized in the lower jaw, the additional point
must be "large intestine.
Table 07. Functions of the ear points and main indications for the
practice of auriculotherapy in dentistry
(adapted from Yamamura, 2001)
Name of point
Ear apex
Amygdala
Helix 1
Hypotensive
Shen-Men
Cervical
Tooth Anesthesia
1 and 2
Neurasthenia
Palate and floor
of mouth
Tongue
Upper and Lower
Jaw
Indication
Sedation and analgesia, inflammation control
Tonsillitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis
Elimination of inflammation, reduction of fever, reduction of
blood pressure
Lowering blood pressure and treatment of hypertensive headaches
Many diseases, analgesic point
Arthritis, arthrosis and cervical spine rigidity
Toothache and dental analgesia
Nervous exhaustion
Toothaches, temporomandibular arthritis, analgesia for tooth
extraction, mouth ulcers
Glossitis and dyslalia by weakness of the tongue
Temporomandibular arthritis, tooth extraction, toothache
45
Indication
Trigeminal neuralgia, facial tics, facial paralysis, trismus
Deafness, tinnitus, decreased hearing, dizziness
Frontal headache, neurasthenia, insomnia
Parotitis, parotid duct obstruction
Regulates arousal or impairment of the cerebral cortex
Dizziness, vertigo, Meniere's disease
Cervicalgia, trismus, neck pain, prevention of nausea, antiinflammatory, sedative, analgesic
Vertex headache and dizziness
Toothache
Bone diseases, teeth, gums, deafness, headache and neurasthenia
Headache, migrain
* When the books about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) refer that
auriculotherapy/ acupuncture treats the "caries" they refer to pain decurrent
from caries.
46
Figure 14. Auricular pavilion and main acupoints used in dentistry (adapted from
Yamamura, 2001).
47
Table 09. Functions of the ear points and main indications for the
practice of auriculotherapy in dentistry (adapted from Zhixian &
Cols., 2005)
Name of point
Cervical vertebrae
Shenmen
External Ear
Occiput
Forehaed
Brain
Mouth
Cardiac Orifice
Small Intestine
Pancrease and Biliary Tract
Kindey
Cavum Conchae
Facial Area
Tongue
Jaw
No. 4 of Ear Lobe
Internal Ear
Back Auricle
The Root of the Lower Auricle
Ermigen
Heart
Kidney
Indication
Pain in the corresponding region
Pain, inflamation,
Tinnitus, deafness, dizziness
Dizziness, headache, insomnia
Yangmin type headache
Insomnia, tinnitus due to kidney deficiency
Facial paralysis, stomatitis
Nervous vomiting
Palpitation
Migraine
Tinnitus, deafness,
Insomnia, palpitation
Facial paralysis, disease of face
Glossitis
Toothache, mandibular arthritis
Toothache
Tinnitus, hypoacusis, aural vertigo
Headache
Headache
Headache
Headache, insomnia
Headache, insomnia,dizziness
Table 10. Selecting points on the ear for treatment of dental diseases
(adapted from Zhixian & Cols. 2005)
Afection
Headache
Nuchal Rigidity
Dizziness
Postoperative
wound pain
Hiccup
Vomit
Hysteria
48
Figure 15. Auricular pavilion and main acupoints used in dentistry (adapted from
Zhixian & Cols.,2005).
Chapter 10
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The proposal of this book arose from the idea of approximating
dental surgeons to the perspective of holistic health care by means of an
approach proposed by TCM: acupuncture. Thus our intention was not to
construct a complete treatise on traditional acupuncture, but to compile
data and organize them in a practical and useful manner with the purpose
of contributing to motivation of the search for knowledge about this
therapeutic resource applied to dentistry. In this sense, the present
chapter fulfilled its objective, insofar as it presents the main findings
(points, meridians, benefits and limitations of acupuncture in dentistry)
captured by an extensive literature review. Bearing in mind the scarcity
of publications related to this topic, we believe that the present review
could facilitate the search for knowledge about acupuncture applied to
dentistry.
The Authors thank:
Designer Carolina Gonalo for cooperating
with the development of the illustrations contained in this book.
REFERENCES
Abbate S. Chinese Auricular Acupuncture. Boca Raton, CRC Press;
2004.
Allison G, Kravitz E. Auricular chondritis secondary to acupuncture. N.
Engl. J. Med. 293:780-1975.
Altman S. Terapia pela acupuntura na clnica de pequenos animais. In:
Ettinger SJ. Tratado de medicina interna veterinria: molstias do
co e do gato. So Paulo: Manole, 1992.
Aranha MFM. O efeito da eletroacupuntura no tratamento da dor
muscular. Dissertao de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual de
Campinas (UNICAMP), 2010.
Azevedo RF. Efeito da acupuntura sobre as emisses otoacsticas de
pacientes com zumbido. Dissertao de Mestrado. Universidade
Federal de So Paulo (UNIFESP), 2005.
Bannerman RH. The World Health Organization viewpoint on
acupuncture. American Journal of Acupuncture, 1980; 8(3): 231235.
Braga FPF. Avaliao da acupuntura como mtodo de tratamento
preventivo e curativo de xerostomia decorrente da radioterapia.
Dissertao de Mestrado. Universidade de So Paulo (USP), 2006.
CFO - Conselho Federal de Odontologia. Tese central para o frum
sobre terapias complementares em Odontologia. Brasil, setembro.
See:
http://www.crosp.org.br/FORUMTC/2006/Acupuntura.pdf.
Accessed: 29 nov. 2007.
Chung WT. Estudo prospectivo do valor da acupuntura no controle da
nusea e vmitos em pacientes de cncer de mama submetidas a
52
References
53
54
References
55
56
INDEX
A
access, 6
accessibility, 6
acupuncture, vii, ix, 2, 3, 5, 6, 23, 24, 25,
27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 45, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55
adaptation, 5
adhesion, 39
adults, 37
adverse effects, 27, 29, 35
alternative medicine, 55
alveolitis, 28, 38
amplitude, 25
analgesic, 2, 5, 35, 44, 45
anatomy, 28
ankylosis, 28, 38
anti-inflammatory drugs, 2
anxiety, 2, 35, 53
apex, 25, 44, 47
apnea, 25
Argentina, 54
arousal, 45
arthritis, 44, 47
aversion, 40
B
behavioral aspects, 31
Beijing, 52, 56
benefits, vii, 3, 5, 28, 39, 49
biosafety, 28, 42
bleeding, 3, 44
blindness, 37
blood, 42, 44
blood pressure, 44
blood supply, 42
bone(s), 2, 41
bone marrow, 3
brain, 41, 44, 45, 47
brain stem, 44
Brazil, ix
breast cancer, 24
C
CAM, 52
Cameroon, 53
caries, 45
cartilage, 42
cerebral cortex, 41, 45
challenges, 5
chemical, 5
chemotherapy, 24, 37
children, 55
chondritis, 42, 51, 56
classification, 31
clinical trials, 2, 56
58
Index
collateral, 41
community, 52
complexity, 27, 32
complications, 27, 42, 55
consensus, 27, 37
consulting, 31
consumers, 39
consumption, 24, 39
controlled studies, 32
covering, 29
F
facial tics, 45
fever, 44
force, 23
formation, 27
foundations, 32
fractures, 27, 28, 32, 38
funding, ix
D
deficiency(s), 27, 37, 47
dental care, 31
dentist, vii, 1, 2, 6, 25, 39
depth, 27
dermatitis, 28
developed countries, 31
diseases, 1, 2, 27, 44, 45, 47
displacement, 28, 38
dizziness, 45, 47
drug consumption, 39
drugs, 39
E
edema, 7, 10, 14, 16
education, 31
endocrine, 44, 45
endorphins, 27
energy, 5, 41
environments, 2
epidemiology, 52
equilibrium, 3, 41
esophagus, 45
ethics, 37
evidence, 2
exposure, 2
extraction, 35, 44, 54
gestation, 28
gingivitis, 2
graph, 22
guidance, 6, 31
H
halitosis, 2
headache, 7, 10, 13, 16, 45, 47
health, vii, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 24, 28, 32, 39, 49
health care, vii, 1, 49
health status, 2, 28
herpes, 2
human, vii, 1, 6, 28, 37, 42
human body, 6, 28, 42
I
idiopathic, 28
immune response, 3
incidence, 28, 42
individual character, 27
individual characteristics, 27
individuals, 2, 23, 28
infection, 42
inferences, 2
inflammation, 42, 44
inhibition, 35
insomnia, 45, 47
intervention, 6, 25
Index
ionizing radiation, 2
59
neuralgia, 33, 45
neurasthenia, 44, 45
neuritis, 33
L
large intestine, 44
laryngitis, 44
larynx, 45
laterality, 23
lichen, 2
liver, 44, 45
love, ix
lying, 6, 28
lymph, 3
lymph node, 3
obstruction, 45
obstructive sleep apnea, 25
occlusion, 32
oral cavity, 1
oral diseases, 44, 45
oral health, 53
organism, 1
organize, 49
organs, 3, 41
otoacoustic emissions, 25
P
M
N
National Institutes of Health, 37
nausea, 2, 24, 37, 45
necrosis, 32, 42
nerve, 44
pain, 2, 14, 16, 24, 25, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37,
38, 39, 44, 45, 47, 52, 53, 54, 55
palliative, 2
paralysis, 2, 3, 45, 47
parotid, 45
parotid duct, 45
pathology, 31
perforation, 27
periodontal, 32
periodontitis, 28, 32, 38
pharyngitis, 44
pharynx, 45
Philadelphia, 54
pilot study, 53
placebo, 25, 29, 35, 54, 55
pneumothorax, 27
population, 31
pregnancy, 37
prevention, 3, 45, 55
principles, 28, 32
professionals, vii, ix, 1, 2, 39
prophylactic, 31
public health, 24, 31
pulp, 32
60
Index
Q
quality of life, 31
questioning, 2
R
radiotherapy, 24
reactions, 39
reading, vii, 5
reasoning, 29
receptors, 27
reconstruction, 42
reflex action, 41
relaxation, 5
reliability, 24
relief, 24, 25, 35, 39, 54
repair, 2, 42
requirements, 32
researchers, ix, 32
response, vii, 27
restoration, 32
RH, 51
risk, 28, 42
S
scarcity, viii, 49
scope, 1, 2, 5
secretion, 45
sedative, 3, 45
sensations, 5
sensitivity, 28, 38
sham, 25
showing, 39
signs, 28
simulation, 3
skin, 2, 5
sleep apnea, vii
sleep disorders, 24
SP, 10, 11
Spain, ix
spine, 44, 47
T
teachers, ix
teeth, 45
therapy, vii, 3, 27, 37, 39, 41, 55
third molar, 35
thymus, 3
tinnitus, 25, 45, 47
tissue, 2
tooth, 23, 28, 32, 35, 38, 44, 54
tooth injuries, 32
trachea, 44
trajectory, 17
transmission, 27
trapezium, 24
trauma, 42
treatment, vii, 1, 2, 6, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29,
33, 37, 39, 44, 45, 47, 53, 55
trial, 53, 54, 55
trigeminal neuralgia, 28, 33
tumors, 28, 38
U
ulcer, 8, 10
United, 54
United Kingdom, 54
universe, 6
V
variations, vii
Index
vehicles, 28
vertebrae, 47
vertigo, 45, 47
visualization, 6
vomiting, 2, 24, 29, 37, 47, 55
W
weakness, 44
61
well-being, 5
World Health Organization (WHO), 2,
51, 56
X
xerostomia, 2, 24, 51