Block Diagrams GENSAL

ExciterAC7BandESAC7B
Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B

IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model
V UEL
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
+ +
VC
VS
KPR +
VAMAX
VRM AX
KIR sKDR
+
s 1+ sTDR
VR M IN
KPA +
KIA VA
s 5
VFEMAX -K D I FD
K E +S E (VE )
K P VT
+
-K L VFE
VAM IN
1
sTE
VEM IN
KF 2
VX = VE SE (VE )
VE 1
Spdmlt
VFE
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
+
+
KE
KD
States
KF1
3 - K IR
4 - K DR
5 - VA
6 - Feedback
AC7B supported by PSSE
ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
E FD
IN
2 - Sensed Vt
VX
sKF3
1+ sTF
1 - VE
Speed
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterAC8B
Exciter AC8B
IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System
VREF
VCOMP
1
1 + sTR
VS
+
VUEL
VRMAX
VPIDMAX
+
VOEL
K
sKDR
KPR + IR +
s 1+ sTDR
VPIDMIN
VFEMAX -K D I FD
K E +S E (VE )
KA
1 + sTA
1
sTE
VRMIN
VEM IN
VFE
E FD
FEX
FEX = f ( I N )
IN
K E + S E (VE )
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - PID 1
4 - PID 2
5 - VR
Model supported by PSSE
IN =
K C I FD
VE
I FD
ExciterBPA_EA
Exciter BPA_EA
Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model
Regulator
VST B
Filter
VT
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
+
KA
1+ sTA
1
1+ sTA1
VRM IN
VREF
5
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sTF
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VR1
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
4 +
Exciter
1
sTE
SE + KE
E FD
ExciterBPAEB
Exciter BPA EB
Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model
Exciter
Regulator
VST B
VT
Filter
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
+
KA
1+ sTA
1
1+ sTA1
VRM IN
Stabilizer
VREF
5
sKF
1+ sTF
States
1 - E FD before limit
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VR1
5 - VF
6 - VF1
1
1+ sTF1
4 +
E FD M AX
1
sTE
SE + KE
E FD
E FD M IN = 0
ExciterBPAEC
Exciter BPA EC
Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model
Regulator
VST B
VRM AX
+
VT
Exciter
KA
1+ sTA
3
1
1+ sTA1
VRM IN
VREF
4
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sTF
States
2 - VR
3 - VR1
4 - VF
E FD M AX
+
1
sTE
SE + KE
SE + KE
E FD
E FD M IN = 0
ExciterBPAED
Exciter BPA ED
SCPT Excitation System Model
Regulator
VR EF
VT'
1
1 + sTR
VBM AX
VRM AX
Exciter
KA
1+ sTA
4 +
1
1+ sTA1 VR
VB
VRM IN
KE
VS
5
VT
IT
0.78 I FD
A=
VTH EV
If A > 1, V B = 0
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

IFD
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VR
5 - Feedback
1
sTE
VTH EV
1 A
sK F
1 + sTF
Stabilizer
E FD
ExciterBPAEE
Exciter BPA EE
Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model
Exciter
Regulator
VRM AX
VT'
KA'
1+ sTRH
VREF
VRM IN
VT'
E FD M AX
If:
VRH
2
VT KV , VR = VRMAX
VT < KV , VR = VRH
VT KV , VR = VRMIN
VR
1
sTE
SE + KE
VT
VT' O
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - VRH
* NOTE:
If the time constant TRH is equal to
zero, this block is represented as K 'A /s
E FD
E FD M IN
ExciterBPAEF
Exciter BPA EF
Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator
Excitation System Model
Regulator
VSO
VRM AX
+
VT
( TR = 0 )
Exciter
KA (1+ sTA )
s
E FD M AX
2 +
VRM IN
VREF
3
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sTF
States
2 - VR
3 - VF
1
sTE
SE + KE
SE + KE
E FD
E FD M IN = 0
ExciterBPAEG
Exciter BPA EG
SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model
Regulator
VR EF
VRM AX
+
VT
KA
1+ sTA
1
1+ sTA1 VR
VRM IN
VSO
3
sK F
1 + sTF
Stabilizer
States
1 - EField
2 - VA
3 - VF
E FD
ExciterBPAEJ
Exciter BPA EJ
Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model
Regulator
VSO
VT'
Filter
1
1+ sTR
VRM AX
+
KA
1+ sTA

2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
1
1+ sTA1
VRM IN
VREF
States
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sTF
E FD M AX
1
E FD M IN
E FD
ExciterBPAEK
Exciter BPA EK
General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model
Regulator
VSO
VRM AX
+
VT
(TR =0)
Exciter
KA
1+ sTA
1
1+ sTA1
VRM IN
VREF
4
States
2 - VR
3 - VR1
4 - VF
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sTF
3 +
E FD M AX
1
sTE
SE + KE
E FD
E FD M IN = 0
ExciterBPAFA
Exciter BPA FA
WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VS
VERR
VF
VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
VFE
VRM IN
5
States
VR +
sK F
1 + sTF
1
sTE
SE + KE
E FD
1
ExciterBPAFB
Exciter BPA FB
WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VS
VERR
VF
VT VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
VFE
VT VRMIN
5
States
VR +
sK F
1 + sTF
1
sTE
SE + KE
E FD
1
ExciterBPAFC
Exciter BPA FC
WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VRM AX
VS
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VF
VR
1
sTE
sKF
1+ sTF
VE
E FD
FEX
VRMIN
5
States
1 - VE
KA
1+ sTA
FEX = f ( IN )
VFE
IN
KE
IN =
KC IFD
VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VLL
5 - VF
KD
I FD
ExciterBPAFD
Exciter BPA FD
WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
VC
IT
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VRMAX
+
VS
KA
1+ sTA
EFDMAX
VR
VRMIN
VF
VB
1
sTE
E FD
0
KE
VT
VE = KPVT + jKI IT
IT
VE
sK F
1 + sTF
If K P = 0. and K I = 0., VB = 1.
States
IFD
KI
IN = C FD
VE
1 - EField
IN
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
ExciterBPAFE
Exciter BPA FE
WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
KV
VRMAX VRMIN
sKV TRH
VERR
K V
VRH 3
VRMIN
If VERR KV , VR = VRMAX
If VERR < KV , VR = VRH
States
If VERR KV , VR = VRMIN

2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VRH
VR
1
sTE
VFE
KE + SE
E FD
ExciterBPAFF
Exciter BPA FF
WSCC Type F (AC2) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VAMAX
VS
+
VF
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VRM AX
KA
1+ sTA
VAMIN
VA
LV
Gate
VL
VH
KB
VRM IN
KL
VR
1
sTE
VE
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
VLR
KH
5
States
1 - VE
sKF
1+ sTF
2 - Sensed Vt
IN
VFE
KE + SE
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
E FD
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterBPAFG
Exciter BPA FG
WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VIM AX
+
VS
States
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
VIM IM
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
(VRM AX K C I FD )
3
KA
1+ sTA
(VRM IN
E FD
K C I FD )
ExciterBPAFH
Exciter BPA FH
WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
KLV
VAMAX
VS
+
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
VA
VLV
VR
1
sTE
VN
s
1+ sTF
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
VE 1
FEX = f ( IN )
VFE
IN
KN
KF
EFD
E FDN
E FD
FEX
0
KR
VAMIN
VF
KE + SE
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterBPAFH
Exciter BPA FH
WSCC Type H Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VAMAX
VS
+
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VA
VR
1
sTE
VAMIN
VF
VEMIN
KR
VN
s
1+ sTF
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
VE 1
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
VFE
IN
KN
KF
EFD
E FDN
E FD
KE + SE
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterBPAFJ
Exciter BPA FJ
WSCC Type J Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VS
VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB

2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
4 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
VRM IN
VF
States
sKF
1+ sTF
(VT E FDM AX K C I FD )
(VT E FDM IN
E FD
K C I FD )
ExciterBPAFK
Exciter BPA FK
WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VIM AX
+
VS
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VIM IM
4

2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
4 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
(VT VRM IN
VF
States
(VT VRM AX K C I FD )
sKF
1+ sTF
E FD
K C I FD )
ExciterBPAFL
Exciter BPA FL
WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT
IT
VC
1
1 + sTR
VGMAX
VERR
KG
VS
VIM AX
+
+
VG
VRM AX
E FDMAX
KJ
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VA
VIM IN
KA
1+ sTA
VR
VB
VRMIN
VREF
VT
IT
VE = K PVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT
IFD
States
1 - VM
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
KI
IN = C FD
VE
IN
E FD
VE
FEX = f ( IN )
K P = KPe j p
FEX
ExciterBPAFMthroughBPAFV
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
No block diagrams have been created
ExciterDC4B
Exciter DC4B
IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation System Model
V
O EL
(O EL=1)
O EL
(O EL=2)
Alternate OEL Inputs
VUEL
VUEL
(UEL=1)
Alternate UEL Inputs
Speed
(UEL=2)
VT
VREF
VRMAX K A
EC
1
1 + sTR
2 +
VS
VF
HV
Gate
K
sKD
KP + I +
s 1+ sTD
3
LV
Gate
VT VRM AX
KA
1+ sTA
VR
+
1
sTE
VEMIN
VT VRMIN
VRMIN K A
VX = VE SE (VE )
KE
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - VR
6 - Feedback
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
sKF
1+ sTF
0 Spdmlt
E FD
ExciterESAC1A
Exciter ESAC1A
IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System Model
V UEL
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VAMAX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
VR
VRM IN
VAMIN
VF
VRM AX
VREF
Speed
1
sTE
sKF
1+ sTF
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
VE
VX = VE SE (VE )
VFE
E FD
FEX
VO EL
5
Spdmlt
FEX = f ( IN )
VX
+
KE
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterESAC2A
Exciter ESAC2A
EC
VREF
VS
+ +
1
1+sTR 2
VF
VAMAX
VO EL
VU EL
VRMAX
1+sTC
1+sTB
KA + 3
1+sTA V
A
VAMIN
HV
Gate
KB
VFEMAX -K D I FD
K E +S E (VE )
LV
Gate
1
sTE
VR
KH
5
sK F
1+sTF
+ VX
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
+
VFE
Spdmlt
VE
E FD
FEX
KE
2 - Sensed Vt
VX =VE SE (VE )
States
1 - VE
VRMIN
VH
Speed
KD
FEX =f(I N )
IN
IN =
K C I FD
VE
I FD
ExciterESAC3A
Exciter ESAC3A
KR
VUEL
VR EF
EC
2
1
VC
1 + sTR
VS
VFEMAX -K D I FD
K E +S E (VE )
VAMAX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
HV
Gate
3
+
KA
VR
1+ sTA VA
1
sTE
VAMIN
VX = VE SE (VE )
VX
States
1 - VE
5
s
1+ sTF
4 - VLL
5 - VF
VN
VN
Spdmlt
E FD
FEX = f ( IN )
IN
+
+
KE
KD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
VE
FEX
VEMIN
VFE
VF
Speed
KN
KF
EFD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterESAC4A
Exciter ESAC4A
VUEL
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VS
States
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
PSSE uses nonwindup limit on E FD
VRMAX -K C I IFD
VIM AX
VI
VIM IN
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
HV
Gate
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN
E FD
ExciterESAC5A
Exciter ESAC5A
EC
VR EF
1
1 + sTR
VRMAX
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN
VS
sKF (1+ sTF3 )

(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
If TF2 =0, then sTF3 =0.
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - Feedback 1
5 - Feedback 2
1
sTE
VX = VE S E (VE )
VX
+
KE
E FD
ExciterESAC6A
Exciter ESAC6A
Speed
VUEL
VR EF
EC
+ +
1
1 + sTR
VC
VAMAX
KA (1+ sTK )
1+ sTA
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
4 +
VA
VAMIN
VS
1+ sTJ
1+ sTH
VT VRM AX
+
VR
1
sTE
VT VRM IN
FEX
VX = VE SE (VE )
VH
VFELIM
VFE
IN
+
KE
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - TA Block
4 - VLL
5 - VF
FEX = f ( IN )
VX
+
E FD
VHMAX
KH
VE
Spdmlt
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterESAC8B_GE
Exciter ESAC8B_GE
IEEE Type AC8B with Added Speed Multiplier.
VREF
K PR
VRMAX
VCOMP
1
1 + sTR
VFEMAX -K D I FD
K E +S E (VE )
K IR
s
3
+
KA
1 + sTA
1
sTE
sK DR
1 + sTDR
Spdmlt
VRMIN
VS
Speed
VEM IN
VFE
E FD
FEX
FEX = f ( I N )
IN
K E + S E (VE )
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - PID 1
4 - PID 2
5 - VR
Model supported by PSLF
If VTMULT <> 0, VRMAX = VT VRMAX and VRMIN = VT VRMIN
IN =
K C I FD
VE
I FD
ExciterESAC8B_PTI
Exciter ESAC8B_PTI
Basler DECS Model
VR EF
VC
1
1 + sTR
K PR
VRMAX
+
K IR
s
4
+
VS
KA
1+ sTA
VR
1
sTE
VRMIN
sK DR
1 + sTD
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
VX
+
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - Derivative Controller
4 - Integral Controller
5 - VR
KE
E FD
ExciterESDC1A
Exciter ESDC1A
IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC
2
1
1 + sTR VC
VS
VRMAX
VUEL
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
3 +
VR
1
sTE
E FD
VRMIN
VFE
VF
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
VX +
KE
sK F
1 + sTF 1
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
5 - Lead-Lag
Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in the Simulator implementation
ExciterESDC2A
Exciter ESDC2A
IEEE Type DC2A Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VC
VT VRMAX
VUEL
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
3 +
VR
1
sTE
VT VRMIN
VS
VF
VFE
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
VX
+
KE
sK F
1 + sTF 1
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
5 - Lead-Lag
Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in Simulator
E FD
ExciterESDC3A
Exciter ESDC3A
IEEE Type DC3A with Added Speed Multiplier
VREF
VC
1
1 + sTR
1 +
VERR
VRMAX
KV
K V
VRMAX VRMIN
sKV TRH
VRMIN
Else VR = VRH
VX
VRH
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
Speed
1
VR
+
1
KE + sTE
If exclim <> 0 then 0 else unlimited
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VRH
Spdmlt
E FD
ExciterESST1A
Exciter ESST1A
IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System Model
V
U EL
(U EL=1)
U EL
(UEL=3)
Alternate
UEL Inputs
S
(V O S=1)
Alternate
Stabilizer
Inputs
U EL
(U EL=2)
EC
1
1 + sTR
VIM AX
VI
VIM IN
S
(VO S=2)
HV
Gate
VAMAX
(1+ sTC )(1+ sTC1 )

(1+ sTB )(1+ sTB1 )
3
VREF
KA
1+ sTA
1
+
VA
VT VRMAX -K C I FD
HV
Gate
VT VRM IN
VAMIN
VO EL
KLR
0
1 - VA
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL
4 - LL1
5 - Feedback
E FD
VF
States
LV
Gate
sKF
1+ sTF
I FD
I LR
ExciterESST2A
Exciter ESST2A
VUEL
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VC
VS
VRMAX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
VRMIN
VF
EFDMAX
3
VR
1
sTE
VB
0
KE
VT
VE = KPVT + jKI IT
IT
IFD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
VE
sK F
1 + sTF
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, VB = 1
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
Model supported by PSLF includes UEL input that is read but not utilized in Simulator
E FD
ExciterESST3A
Exciter ESST3A
VGMAX
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VUEL
VG
VRMAX
VIM AX
KG
VMMAX
HV
Gate
VI
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VIM IN
3 +
KA
1+ sTA
VA
VR
KM
1+ sTM
VMMIN
VRMIN
VREF
VT
IT
VE = K PVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT
K P = KPe jP
IFD
States
1 - VM
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - LL
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
VE
VM
VBMAX
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
VB
E FD
ExciterESST4B
Exciter ESST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Potential- or Compound-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter Model
VCO M P
1
1 + sTR
VRMAX
+
2
VMMAX
VREF
KG
VS
VUEL
K
KPR + IR
s
VR
1
1+ sTA
3 +
KPM +
KIM
s
VMMIN
VRMIN
VT
IT
VE
VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT
K P = KPe jP
IFD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
VO EL
IN
FEX = f ( IN )
States
1 - VM
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VR
Model supported by PSLF includes VGMAX input that is read but not utilized in Simulator
LV
Gate
VBMAX
FEX
VB
E FD
ExciterEWTGFC
Exciter EWTGFC
Excitation Control Model for Full Converter GE Wind-Turbine Generators
Reactive Pow er Control M odel
VRFQ
VC
4
1
1 + sTR
1
1+ sTP
Q M AX
1
1+ sTFV
3 +
KPV
1+ sTV
Q M IN
Q REF
tan
PFAREF
Pelec
1
fN
KIV
s
1
pfaflg
Q REF
1
varflg
VMAX
Q M AX Q gen
K QI
I QM AX
VREF
Q M IN
KVI
s
VT ER M
VMIN
2 - E qppcmd
Converter Current Limit
PORD
I PM AX
I PCMD
3 - K PV
4 - VregMeas
5 - K IV
6 - QORD
7 - PMeas
Pelec
VT ER M
+
I QMIN
pqflag
States
1 - Vref
IQCMD
Pdbr
0
K dbr
0
E BST
1
s
ExciterEX2000
Exciter EX2000
IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-Rectifier Excitation System Model
Field Current
Limiter
VAMAX
VRMAX
EC
1
1 + sTR
REF
Reference
Signal
K PR +
K IR
s
VRMIN
1st PI Controller
K PA +
K IA
s
VF
VEMAX
KP ETRM
+
Minimum
VA Gate 1
K L VFE
VAMIN
2nd PI Controller
KF 2
1
sTE
VE
FEX
VEMIN
VX = VE SE (VE )
VFE
E FD
FEX = f ( IE )
VX
+
+
If field current limiter is included, VEMAX is off.

V
-K I
If field current limiter is excluded, VEMAX = FEMAX D FD
K E +SE (VE )
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VAPI
4 - VRPI
5 - LL
6 - IFD PI
KE
KD
KF1
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEX2000REFERENCESIGNALMODEL
Exciter EX2000 Reference Signal Model
KVHZ
Frequency
QELEC
SBASE
Machine MVA BASE
1
ETERM
Reactive
Current
KRCC
VREF
VUEL
+
+
+
VSTB
Reference Signal M odel
REFLIMP
Minimum
Gate 2
REF
ExciterEX2000FIELDCURRENTLIMITERMODEL
Exciter EX2000 Field Current Limiter Model
IFD REF1
Level
Detector
Output =1 if level exceeded
Latch
Gate 1
Inverse Timing
IFD REF2
OR
( I 1, T 1)
Output =1 if
timing expired
( I 2, T 2)
Latch
Gate 2
( I 3, T 3)
( I 4, T 4)
IFD LIM P
IFD
KPIFD +
A
+
D
To
Minimum
Gate 1
IFD LIM N
3rd PI Controller
1+ sTLEAD
1+ sTLAG
IFD REF3
IFD REF4
KIIFD
s
IFD ADVLIM
Advance Lim it
Field Current Lim iter M odel

(Over Excitation Lim iter)
S w itch O peratio n
O u tp u t D = B if C = 0
O u tp ut D = A if C = 1
ExciterEXAC1
Exciter EXAC1
IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VC
+
+
VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN
VF
VR
1
sTE
VE
E FD
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
5
sKF
1+ sTF
States
1 - VE
VFE
KE + SE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VLL
5 - VF

Model supported by PSLF also uses VAMIN and VAMAX
Simulator will narrow the limit range as appropriate when loading the DYD file
If VAMIN > VRMIN then VRMIN = VAMIN
If VAMAX < VRMAX then VRMAX = VAMAX
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEXAC1A
Exciter EXAC1A
Modified Type AC1 Excitation System Model
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VC
VRM AX
+
+
VF
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
3 +
VR
VRMIN
1
sTE
FEX = f ( IN )
VFE
+
KE + SE
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
E FD
FEX
VE
sKF
1+ sTF
3 - VR
4 - VLL
5 - VF
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEXAC2
Exciter EXAC2
VREF
EC
VS
1
1 + sTR V
C
+
+
VAMAX
VF
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VAMIN
VRM AX
+
VA
VH
LV
Gate
VL
KB
VRM IN
KL
VR
1
sTE
VE 1
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
VLR
KH
5
sKF
1+ sTF
E FD
IN
VFE
KE + SE
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEXAC3
Exciter EXAC3
EC
1
1 + sTR
VC
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
HV
Gate
VA
VR
1
sTE
VN
s
1+ sTF
VE 1
FEX = f ( IN )
VFE
IN
KN
KF
EFD
EFD N
E FD
FEX
0
KR
VFEMAX
VLV
VAMIN
VF
VAMAX
+
+
KLV
VS
VREF
KE + SE
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEXAC3A
Exciter EXAC3A
KR
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
2 +
VC +
VEMAX
VAMAX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
4
+
KA
1+ sTA
VA
VR
1
sTE
VAMIN
VS
VE 1
FEX = f ( IN )
IN
IN =
KE + SE
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
VN
s
1+ sTF
KN
E FD
FEX
VEMIN
VFE
VF
Speed
KC IFD
VE
I FD
KD
KF
EFD
EFD N
VFEMAX =
VEMAX =
VEMIN =
( K L1VC +VS +VREF -VC -VF )

K FA K L1
( VFEMAX -K D I FD )
S E +K E
VLV
FEX
ExciterEXAC4
Exciter EXAC4
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VERR +
States

2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
VIM AX
VIM IN
VRM AX -K C I IFD
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VRM IN -K C I IFD
E FD
ExciterEXAC6A
Exciter EXAC6A
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VAMAX
KA (1+ sTk ) 3 1+ sTC
1+ sTB
1+ sTA
VA
VAMIN
VS
Speed
VT VRM AX
+
VR
VT VRMIN
1
sTE
VE 1
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
VHM AX
5
1+ sTJ
1+ sTH
IN
VH
KH
0
VFELIM
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - TA Block
4 - VLL
5 - VF
E FD
KE + SE
IN =
KC IFD
VE
VFE
KD
I FD
ExciterEXAC8B
Exciter EXAC8B
Brushless Exciter with PID Voltage Regulator
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
KVP
VRM AX
+ VIM AX
KVI
s
-VIM AX
VS
1
1+ sTA
Speed
+
VE 1
E FD
FEX
FEX = f ( IN )
VRMIN
sKVD
1 + sTVD
1
sTE
IN
KE + SE
IN =
KC IFD
VE
VFE
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - Derivative
5 - Integral
I FD
ExciterEXBAS
Exciter EXBAS
Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding DC or AC Rotating Exciter Model
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VU EL
VST B
+
+
+
KP +
KI
s
VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
1
sTE
sKF
1+ sTF
1+ sTF1
1+ sTF 2
IN
KE + SE
KD
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - PI
5 - LL
6 - Feedback LL
7 - Feedback
FEX = f ( IN )
VO EL
6
E FD
FEX
VRMIN
VE 1
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterEXBBC
Exciter EXBBC
Transformer-fed Excitation System
VREF
EC
1
1+ sTF
+
+
1+ sT3
1+ sT4
VRM AX
+
T
K 2
T1
VRMIN
E T E FDMAX
E T E FDMIN
XE
1 T1 1
1
K T2 1+ sT2
I FD
Sw itch = 1
Sw itch = 0
1
1+ sTE
Supplem ental
Signal
Model supported by PSLF but not yet implemented in Simulator
E FD
ExciterEXDC1
Exciter EXDC1
IEEE DC1 Excitation System Model
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VREF
VRM AX
+
2
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
VRM IN
VF
VR
1
sTE
KE + SE
5
States
1 - E FD
Speed
sKF
1+ sTF1
E FD
1
ExciterEXDC2_GE
Exciter EXDC2_GE
IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
Vcomp
1
1 + sTR
Speed
VS
VREF
+
VRM AX VT
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
4 +
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN VT
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF1
6 - VF2
1
1+ sTE
KE + SE
sKF
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
5
E FD
1
ExciterEXDC2_PTI
Exciter EXDC2_PTI
VREF
Vcomp
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX VT
Speed
VS
VERR
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN VT
5
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
Model supported by PSEE
sKF
1+ sTF1
4 +
1
1+ sTE
KE + SE
E FD
1
ExciterEXDC2A
Exciter EXDC2A
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX VT
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VREF
VRMIN VT
VF
5
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
sKF
1+ sTF1
4 +
VR
Speed
1
sTE
KE + SE
E FD
1
ExciterEXDC4
Exciter EXDC4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
VS
EC
VRM AX
+
+
1
sTRH
-K R
KR
-1
VREF
VRM IN
Speed
2
VRH
VR
1
KE + sTE
VRM AX
-K V
VRMIN
States
1 - E FD
2 - VRH
KV
SE
E FD
1
ExciterEXELI
Exciter EXELI
Static PI Transformer Fed Excitation System Model
K s1
PGEN
sTW
1 + sTW
4
EC
1
1 + sTFV
sTs2
1+ sTs2
S M AX
Ks2
1 + sTs1
E F M AX
States
1 - TNU
S M AX
VPU
VR EF
1
sTNU
VPI
E FD
E F M IN
XE
3 - Sensed I FLD
4 - PGEN Washout1
5 - PGEN Washout2
7 - Lag Stabilizer
8 - Washout Stabilizer
VPNF
2 - Sensed Vt
6 - PGEN Washout3
D PNF
1
1+ sTFI
I FD
ExciterEXPIC1
Exciter EXPIC1
Proportional/Integral Excitation System Model
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR E T
VR1
VS
KA (1+ sTA1 ) 3
VA
s
(1+ sTA3 )
(1+ sTA2 )(1+ sTA4 )
4
VR2
VRM AX
VR
VRM IN
VT
IT
VB
FEX
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then VB = 1
If TE = 0, then EFD = E0
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VR1
5 - VR
6 - VF1
7 - VF
VE = KPVT + jKI IT
I FD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
E0
E FD M IN
sKF
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
6
E FD M AX
FEX = f ( IN )
1
sTE
KE + SE
E FD
1
ExciterEXST1_GE
Exciter EXST1_GE
IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model
VS
Vcomp
1
1 + sTR
VREF
+
VAM AX
VIM AX
VIM IN
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
1+ sTC1
1+ sTB1
KA
1+ sTA
VT VRM AX -K C I IFD
1
+
VT VRM IN -K C I IFD
VAM IN
4
sKF
1+ sTF
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
4 - VF
5 - VLL1
E FD
XE
K lr
Ilr
States
1 - VA
I FD
ExciterEXST1_PTI
Exciter EXST1_PTI
VREF
Ec
1
1 + sTR
VS
+
VERR
VIM AX
VIM IN
VT VRM AX -K C I IFD
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VLL
4 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
E FD
VT VRM IN -K C I IFD
States
sKF
1+ sTF
ExciterEXST2
Exciter EXST2
VREF
EC
2
1
1 + sTR
VS
VERR
E FD MAX
VRM AX
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VR +
VRMIN
VB
1
sTE
E FD
0
KE
VT
IT
States
1 - E FD
sKF
1+ sTF
VE
VE = KPVT + jKI IT
FEX
IFD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
5 - VLL
Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs
FEX = f ( IN )
ExciterEXST2A
Exciter EXST2A
Modified IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model
VREF
VCOMP
1
1 + sTR
VS
+
+
VERR
VRM AX
+
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VF
KA
1+ sTA
VR
VRMIN
E FD MAX
1
sTE
VB
E FD
0
KE
VT
IT
VE
VE = KPVT + jKI IT
IFD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
sKF
1+ sTF
IN
FEX = f ( IN )
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
5 - VLL
Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs
FEX
ExciterEXST3
Exciter EXST3
VGMAX
VREF
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VT
IT
VERR
VRM AX
VG
VIM AX
KJ
VIM IN
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VE
3 +
VA
1
KA
1+ sTA VR
VRMIN
K P = K P e j P
I FD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
KG
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
States
1 - VR
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL
E FD M AX
VB
E FD
ExciterEXST3A
Exciter EXST3A
VGMAX
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VREF
VIM AX
VIM IN
VG
1+ sTC
KJ
1+ sTB
IT
VA
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN
VT
KG
VRM AX
VE
VB
VBMAX
Speed
K P = K Pe
j P
I FD
States
1 - VR
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL
IN =
KC IFD
VE
IN
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
E FD
ExciterEXST4B
Exciter EXST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Excitation System Model
KG
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VREF
VM MAX
VRM AX
K
KPR + IR
s
1
1+ sTA
VMMIN
VRM IN
VT
IT
VE
K P = K P e j P
I FD
States
1 - VMInt
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VR
KI
IN = C FD
VE
KPM +
IN
FEX = f ( IN )
FEX
KIM 1
s VM
VB
VBMAX
E FD
ExciterEXWTG1
Exciter EXWTG1
Excitation System Model for Wound-Rotor Induction Wind-Turbine Generators
REF
R
PE
States
1 - R external
2 - SpeedReg
3 - Washout
sKDP
1+ sTDP
R M AX
R EX T
1+ sTW1
1+ sTW 2
KW
3
+
+
1
1+ sTA
R MIN
R EXT (E FD )
ExciterEXWTGE
Exciter EXWTGE
Excitation System Model for GE Wind-Turbine Generators
W indVAR Emulation
VRFQ (VR EF )
VREG
1
1 + sTR
PE
1
fN
PFAREF (VREF )
1
1+ sTP
KIV
s
KPV
1+ sTV
tan()
7
Q REF
(VREF )
Q M AX
Q ORD
1
1+ sTC
3 +Q
M IN
Sw itch = 0
Sw itch = 1
pfaflg
Sw itch = 0
Q ORD
States
Q ORD from separate model

(VREF )
Sw itch = 1
Sw itch = 1
varflg
I PM AX
PORD (VS )
2 - E"QCMD
From Wind Turbine Model
IPCMD (IFD )
VT ER M
3 - K PV
4 - VregMeas
VM AX
Q GEN
5 - K IV
7 - PMeas
Q CM D
Q M IN
1 - Vref
6 - QORD
Q M AX
Open
Loop
Control
QCMD
K QI
VREF
VMIN
VTERM + XI QM AX
+
KVI
s
T o Generator
M odel
EQ''CMD (EFD )
VTERM + XI QMIN
ExciterIEEET1
Exciter IEEET1
4
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
sK F
1 + sTF
KA
1+ sTA
3 +
VR
1
sTE
VRMIN
VS
VE = SE EFD
VE
+
KE
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
E FD
1
ExciterIEEET2
Exciter IEEET2
VR EF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
KA
1+ sTA
VR
1
sTE
VRMIN
VS
1
1 + sTF 2
5
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF1
5 - VF2
sK F
1 + sTF 1
4
VE = SE EFD
VE
+
KE
E FD
1
ExciterIEEET3
Exciter IEEET3
VR EF
VRM AX
EC
1
1 + sTR
VS
VT
IT
0.78 I FD
A=
VTH EV
If A > 1, V B = 0
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
+
+
KA
1+ sTA
3 +
VR
VBM AX
VRMIN
1
KE + sTE
VB
0
4

I FD
1 A
sK F
1 + sTF
E FD
ExciterIEEET4
Exciter IEEET4
SE
VR EF
EC
VRM AX
1
1
sTRH
-K R
-1
KR
V < KV
VRH
2
VR
VRMIN
V > KV
VRM AX
-K V
VRMIN
States
1 - EField
2 - VRH
KV
1
KE + sTE
E FD
1
ExciterIEEET5
Exciter IEEET5
Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
SE
VR EF
VRM AX
EC
1
sTRH
V < KV
2
VRH
VR
VRMIN
V > KV
VRM AX
-K VV
VRMIN
States
1 - EField
2 - VRH
KV
RMAX
1
KE + sTE
E FD
1
ExciterIEEEX1
Exciter IEEEX1
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
Regulator
1+ sTC 3
KA
1+ sTA
1+ sTB
+
+
VERR
VF
4 +
VR
1
sTE
VRM IN
KE + SE
5
sKF
1+ sTF1
D am p in g
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
E FD
ExciterIEEEX2
Exciter IEEEX2
IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model IEEEX2
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VERR +
VRM AX
Regulator
1+ sTC 3
KA
1+ sTA
1+ sTB
VF
VR
1
sTE
VRM IN
KE + SE
sKF
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
D am p in g
5
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL
4 - VR
5 - VF1
6 - VF2
E FD
ExciterIEEEX3
Exciter IEEEX3
VS
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VRM AX
Regulator
KA
1+ sTA
VF
VR
VRMIN
4
sKF
1+ sTF
Damping
VBM AX
VT
IT
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VR
4 - VF
VT H
IFD
V ( 0.78IFD )
2
TH
1
KE + sTE
VB
E FD
ExciterIEEEX4
Exciter IEEEX4
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VRM AX
KV
VRMAX VRMIN
sKV TRH
VERR
K V
VRH
VRMIN
If VERR < KV , VR = VRH
VR
1
sTE
KE + SE
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VRH
E FD
ExciterIEET1A
Exciter IEET1A
VREF
VRM AX
EC
KA
1+ sTA
E FD M AX
2
1
sTE
E FD M IN
VRMIN
VS
3
States
1 - EField
2 - VR
3 - VF
sKF
1+ sTF
KE + SE
E FD
ExciterIEET1B
Exciter IEET1B
sKF1
1+ sTF1
Switch=1
SE
Switch=0
I M AG
XE
EC
+
+
Bias
VREF
VSM AX
+
1
1 + sTR VT
+
+
KA
1+ sTA1
VSM IN
VRMAX
VR
1
1+ sTA2
VREG
1
sTE
VRMIN
VS
Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator
KE
E FD
ExciterIEET5A
Exciter IEET5A
SE
VR EF
+
VRM AX
KA
1+ sTRH
VRM IN
EC
V < KV
VR
V > KV
E FD M AX
1
KE + sTE
E FD M IN
VT O
VRM AX
States
1 - EField
2 - VRH
-K V
VT
VRMIN
KV
* If T RH equals zero, block becom es
KA
s
E FD
ExciterIEEX2A
Exciter IEEX2A
IEEE Type 2A Excitation System Model
VREF
VS
EC
1
1 + sTR
VERR
VRM AX
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
VF
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VB
4 - VR
5 - VF
KA
1+ sTA
VRMIN
States
sKF
1+ sTF1
VR
1
sTE
KE + SE
E FD
ExciterREXS
Exciter REXS
General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VIM AX
VRM AX
ERR
K
KVP + VI
s
Regulator
(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 )
(1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )
VF V
IM AX
VS
KA
1+ sTA
States
VR 5
VRMIN
sKF
1+ sTF
10
1 - VE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
KEFD
I TERM
1+ sTF1
1+ sTF 2
VFMAX
VR
+
K
KIP + II
s
1
1+ sTP
3
+
VCMAX
+
1
sTE0
VE
Speed
FEX = f ( IN )
IN
1
2
E FD
FEX
VFMIN
KH
Fbf
XC
I FE
KE + SE
KD
Model supported by PSLF. If flimf = 1 then multiply VRMIN ,VRMAX ,VFMIN , and VFMAX by VTERM .
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterREXSY1
Exciter REXSY1
Voltage Regulator
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 )

(1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )
K
KVP + VI
s
VF
F VRMAX
VIM AX
VIM AX
10
VS
1+ sTF1
1+ sTF 2
F= [1.0 + F1IMF (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )
1
1+ sTA
F VRMIN
sKF
1+ sTF
VR
I FE
Fbf 2
E FD
I TERM
Exciter Field Current Regulator
VR
K
KIP + II
s
XC
F VFM AX
1
1+ sTP
VCMAX
+
1
sTE0
VE
I FE
FEX
IN
States
1 - VE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
E FD
FEX = f ( IN )
F VFMIN
KH
KE + SE
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterREXSYS
Exciter REXSYS
Voltage Regulator
VREF
EC
1
1 + sTR
VIM AX
VS
(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 )

(1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )
K
KVP + VI
s
VF
F VRMAX
VIM AX
10
1+ sTF1
1+ sTF 2
F= [1.0 + F1IMP (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )
1
1+ sTA
F VRMIN
sKF
1+ sTF
1
Fbf
VR
I FE
2
E FD
Exciter Field Current Regulator
VR
K
KIP + II
s
F VFM AX
1
1+ sTP
1
sTE0
VE
I FE
FEX
IN
States
1 - VE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
E FD
FEX = f ( IN )
F VFMIN
KH
KE + SE
KD
IN =
KC IFD
VE
I FD
ExciterSCRX
Exciter SCRX
Bus Fed or Solid Fed Static Excitation System Model
C SWITCH =0
ET
E FDM AX
VREF
EC
1+ sTA
1+ sTB
VS
States
1 - Lead-Lag
2 - VE
Model supported by PSSE has CSWITCH = 1
K
1+ sTE
E FDMIN
C SWITCH =1
1
E FD
ExciterSEXS_GE
Exciter SEXS_GE
Simplified Excitation System Model
VREF
Vcomp
1
1 + sTR
Stabilizer
O utput
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL
4 - PI
E MAX
3
1+ sTA
1+ sTB
KC (1+ sTC )
sTC
E FDM AX
4
K
1+ sTE
E MIN
E FDM IN
E FD
ExciterSEXS_PTI
Exciter SEXS_PTI
Simplified Excitation System Model
VREF
+
EC
VS
States
1 - EField
2 - LL
E FDM AX
1+ sTA
1+ sTB
K
1+ sTE
E FDMIN
E FD
ExciterST6B
Exciter ST6B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation System Model
I FD
VC
1
1 + sTR
I LR
VO EL
VO EL
(O EL=1)
(O EL=2)
KCL
HV
Gate
VREF
VU EL
VS
KPA +
KIA sKDA
+
s 1+ sTDA
VAMIN
VT
1
KFF
VAMAX
KLR
VRMIN
Alternate OEL Inputs
States
1 - E FD
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - VG
ST6B supported by PSSE
ESST6B supported by PSLF with optional VRMULT
VA
VRM AX
+
+
KM
VRMIN
VG
5
VB
LV
Gate
sKG
1+ sTG
VRMULT
VR
1
1 + sTS
E FD
1
ExciterST7B
Exciter ST7B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation System Model
VDR OO P
O EL
(O EL=1) Alternate
OEL Inputs
VSCL +
O EL
(O EL=2)
VS
VM AX
+
+
1+ sTG
1+ sTF
1
1 + sTR
VC
LV
Gate
HV
Gate
VMIN
VREF_FB
KPA
Alternate UEL Inputs
VREF
V UEL
UEL
(U EL=2)
(U EL=1)
VO EL
V UEL
(O EL=3)
(U EL=3)
VT VRM AX
HV
Gate
VT VRMIN +
LV
Gate
1+ sTC
1+ sTB
KH
LV
Gate
E FD
1
1 + sTS
HV
Gate
VT VRMIN
VT VRM AX
KL
ST7B supported by PSSE

ESST7B supported by PSLF
Not implemented yet in Simulator
sKIA
1+ sTIA
ExciterTEXS
Exciter TEXS
General Purpose Transformer-Fed Excitation System Model
Constant
Source Voltage
Generator
Terminal Voltage
KCL
I LR
VREF
EC
1
1+ sTR
VIM AX
VS
States
1 - Feedback
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - Derivative Controller
4 - Integral Controller
VRMAX
VIM AX
K
KVP + VI
s
4
+
KLR
0
KFF
+
+
KM
VRM AX
LV
Gate
VR
VE
VRM IN
VRMIN
sKVD
1+ sTVD
KG
1+ sTG
XC
I FD
E FD
ExciterURST5T
Exciter URST5T
IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System Model
VU EL
EC
VRM AX /K R
1
1 + sTR
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
1+ sTC1
1+ sTB1
VRMIN /K R
VREF
States
1 - VR
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - LL1
4 - LL2
VO EL
VSTB
VRM AX /K R
1+ sTC2
1+ sTB2
VRMIN /K R
VRM AX
KR
VRMIN
VRM AX VT
1
1+ sT1
1
+
E FD
VRMIN VT
KC
I FD
ExciterWT2E1
Exciter WT2E1
Rotor Resistance Control Model for Type 2 Wind Generator
Pow er-Slip C urve
Speed
1
1+ sTSP
R M AX
KP +
R MIN
Pelec
1
1+ sTPC
States
1 - R external
2 - Speed
3 - Pelec
1
sTI
ExciterWT3EandWT3E1
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1
Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator
Reactive Pow er Control M odel
States
VRFQ
VC
1
1 + sTR
Q M AX
1
1+ sTFV
KPV
1+ sTV
3 +
1
1+ sTP
Q M IN
Q M AX
+
0
varflg
K QI
Q M IN
( PMIN , PMIN )
7 - PMeas
3 - K PV
8 - PowerFilter
4 - VregMeas
9 - SpeedPI
1
1+ sTPWR
KQV
RPM AX
KIP
s
EQCMD
PMAX
1
sTFP
RPM IN
>0
Speed
KPP +
vltflg
XI QMIN
10 - PORD
XI QMAX
VMIN
( P = 100%, P 100 )
( P = 20%, P 20 )
2 - E qppcmd
VREF
Speed
( P = 60%, P 60 )
( P = 40%, P 40 )
6 - QORD
VT ER M
VMAX
Q elec
Active Pow er (Torque) Control M odel

Speed
1 - Vref
5 - K IV
Q REF
Pelec
tan
PFAREF
Pelec
1
fN
KIV
s
PMIN
10
I PM AX
I PCMD
VT ER M
WT3E supported by PSLF with RPMAX = Pwrat and RPMIN = -Pwrat , TFV = TC
WT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on E QCMD . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XIQMAX and XIQMIN .
ExciterWT4E1
Exciter WT4E1
Electrical Control for Type 4 Wind Generator
VRFQ
VC
1
1 + sTRV
1
1+ sTFV
Q M IN
Q REF
tan
1
1+ sTP
Q M AX
KPV
1+ sTV
PFAREF
Pelec
KIV
s
Q M AX
pfaflg
varflg
PREF
1
1+ sTPWR
K QI
VMINCL
KIP
s
VT ER M
PORD
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator
KVI
s
IQCMD
I QMIN
Converter Current Limit
I PM AX
dPMIN
sKF
1+sTF
pqflag
dPMAX
KPP +
I QM AX
+
Q M IN
Pelec
VMAXCL
Q elec
0.01
VT ER M
I PCMD
MachineModelCSVGN1
Machine Model CSVGN1
Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1
O ther Signals
V O T H SG
V REF
V MAX
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )
(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
V MIN
1.
1
1+ sT5
R MIN / RBASE
C BASE / SBASE
MBASE / SBASE
RBASE = MBASE
Note : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.
MachineModelCSVGN3
O ther Signals
V O T H SG
V REF
V MAX
V ERR
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )

(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
V MIN
1.
1
1+ sT5
R MIN / RBASE
C BASE / SBASE
MBASE / SBASE
1, if VERR > VOV

RMIN / RBASE if VERR < VOV
RBASE = MBASE
Note : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.
MachineModelCSVGN4
O ther Signals
V O T H SG
V IB
V MAX
V ERR
V REF
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )

(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
V MIN
1.
1
1+ sT5
R MIN / RBASE
1, if VERR > VOV

RMIN / RBASE if VERR < VOV
RBASE = MBASE
C BASE / SBASE
MBASE / SBASE
MachineModelCSVGN5
Static Var Compensator CSVGN5
VOTHSG ( I )
Filter
VO LT (IBU S)
or
V OLT (ICO N(M ))
1
1+ sTs1
V EM AX
Regulator
64 4 4474 4 4 48
1st Stage
2nd Stage
1+ sTS 2
1+ sTS3
1+ sTS 4
1+ sTS5
KSVS
V EM AX
VREF ( I )
V ERR
BR
B MAX
'
If VERR > DVLO : BR' = BMAX
+ KSD (VERR DV )
If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR' = BR
'
If VERR < DVHI : BR' = BMIN
1
1+ sT6
'
BR
B SVS
B MIN
Fast O verride
T hyristor Delay
If DV = 0,
If DV > 0,
'
/ KSVS
DVLO = BMAX
DVLO = DV
'
/ KSVS
DVHI = BMIN
DVHI = DV
MBASE(I )
SBASE
VAR ( L )
MachineModelCSVGN6
Static Var Compensator CSVGN6
Other
Signals
VOTHSG ( I )
Filter
V OLT (IBU S)
or
VO LT (IC O N (M ))
1
1+ sTs1
V MAX
1+ sTS 2
1+ sTS3
V MIN
VREF
V EMAX
1+ sTS 4
1+ sTS5
BR
KSVS
V EMIN
BIAS
V ERR
BR
B MAX
'
If VERR > DVLO : BR' = BMAX
+ KSD (VERR DV )
If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR' = BR
'
If VERR < DVHI : BR' = BMIN
1
1+ sT6
B R'
+
+
B SVS
B MIN
Fast O verride
T hyristor Delay
If DV = 0,
If DV > 0,
'
/ KSVS
DVLO = BMAX
DVLO = DV
'
/ KSVS
DVHI = BMIN
DVHI = DV
BSHUNT
Position 1 is normal (open)

If VERR > DV 2, switch will
close after TDELAY cycles.
MachineModelGENCC
Machine Model GENCC
Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
X d X d'
X d' X d''
+
E fd
1
sTdo'
1
sT d''o
E q'
X d' X d''
id
Se
d axis
Xq
Xd
X d X d''
X d' X d
q axis
E q'
E1
MachineModelGENCLS
Machine Model GENCLS
Synchronous machine represented by classical modeling or
Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known
voltage/frequency signal
R esp o n d in g
S ystem
Z a b = 0 .0 3
o n 1 0 0 M V A b ase
R eco rd ed
V o ltag e
A
R esp o n d in g
S ystem
I ppd
g en cls
B
Z a b = 0 .0 3
o n 1 0 0 M V A b ase
I ppd
g en cls
A
R esp o n d in g
S ystem
B
MachineModelGENROU
Machine Model GENROU
Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
X
X
Pfd
E fd
1
sTdo'
Pkd
1
s T d''o
X d' X d''
( X d' X l ) * *2
''
d
'
d
X
X
l
l
X X
X Xl
'
d
'
d
'
d
''
d
Pd''
Xl
d AXIS
+
'
d
id
Lad i fd
Pd''
Pq''
Xq Xl
(Xd Xl)
Se
P ''
* * *q AXIS identical , swapping d and q substripts
MachineModelGENSAL
Machine Model GENSAL
Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
X
X
E fd
1
sTdo'
Pfd
+
Pkd
1
s T d''o
X d' X d''
( X d' X l ) * *2
''
d
'
d
X
X
l
l
X X
X Xl
'
d
'
d
''
d
'
d
Pd''
Xl
d AXIS
S e Pfd
+
+
+
X d X d'
id
Lad i fd
1
s T q''o
X
Pq''
Pkd
''
q
q AXIS
iq
MachineModelGENTPF
Machine Model GENTPF
Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
X d X d'
X d' X d''
Se
E fd
1
sTdo'
E q'
Se
1
sT d''o
X d X d''
X d' X d''
X d' X d''
S e = 1 . + fsa t ( a g
Q A x is S im ila r e x c e p t:
Se = 1. +
Xq
Xd
( )
ag
d''
'
q
id
MachineModelGENTRA
Machine Model GENTRA
Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings
E fd
1
s T d' o
Se
'
d
d AXIS
+
Lad i fd
id
'
d
q AXIS
iq
q
MachineModelGENWRI
Machine Model GENWRI
Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External
Rotor Resistance
PELEC
PM ECH
fS
R 2T p o =
1
2Hs
(Ls
Ll
& fd =
& fq
(
=
fd
+ S d + ( L s L ) id
T
fq
'
0
+ S q + ( L s L' ) iq
T 0'
'
d
'
q
) + ( s lip )
) + ( s lip )
R 2 is th e in te rn a l ro to r re s is ta n c e
R 2 e x is th e in te rn a l ro to r re s is ta n c e
eq = s d' Li' d R a iq
fq
ed = s q' + Li' q R a id
' =
fd
Sd
fq
Sq
( ) + ( )
= f ( )
= S ( )
= S ( )
2
'
d
Se
fd
slip
th e to ta l ro to r re s is ta n c e .
'
0
'
R 2 T p o i s a c o n s t a n t w h i c h i s e q u a l t o T 0' t i m e s
0 ( L s L' )
R 2T p o
T =
(R 2ex + R 2 )
'
q
'
sat
e
'
d
'
d
MachineModelGEWTG
Machine Model GEWTG
Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines
Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
E q'' cm d
( efd )
From
exwtge
1
X ''
1
1 + 0.02s
H ig h V o ltag e
R eactive C u rren t
M an ag em en t
I sorc
s0
LVLP & rrpwr
I Pcmd
( ladifd )
From
exwtge
1
1 + 0.02s
I Plv
L o w V o ltag e
A ctive C u rren t
M an ag em en t
s1
LVPL
1.11
LVPL
V
xerox
(0.5pu)
1
1 + 0.02s
Vterm
s2
brkpt
(0.9pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
Figure 1. DFAG Generator / Converter Model
jX ''
Machine Model GEWTG

Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines
Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
E q'' cm d
( efd )
From
exwtge
1
1 + 0.02s
H ig h V o ltag e
R eactive C u rren t
M an ag em en t
s0
LVLP & rrpwr
I Pcmd
( ladifd )
From
exwtge
1
1 + 0.02 s
I Plv
L o w V o ltag e
A ctive C u rren t
M an ag em en t
s1
LVPL
1.11
LVPL
V
xerox
(0.5pu)
1
1 + 0.02 s
Vterm
s2
brkpt
(0.7pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
Figure 1. Full Converter Generator / Converter Model
I sorc
MachineModelMOTOR1
Machine Model MOTOR1
Two-cage or one-cage induction machine
dr 2
+
dr 1
+
o S L IP
o Rr 2
L lr 2
L m = L s Ll
qr 2
+
L'm = 1. / (1. / L m + 1. / L lr 1 ) = L' L l
1.
L lr 2
L''m = 1. / (1. / L m + 1. / L lr 1 + 1. / L lr 2 ) = L'' L l

T o' = L lr 1 L m / ( o R r 1 L'm ) = ( L lr 1 + L m ) / ( o R r 1 )
T o'' = L lr 2 L'm / ( o R r 2 L''m ) = ( L lr 2 + L'm ) / ( o R r 2 )
o S L IP
o Rr1
L lr 1
+
+
qr 1
1.
L lr 1
E d'' = q''
''
m sa t
mq
K sat = 1. + S e ( m )
Se
m2 d + m2 q
qr 1
qr 2
md
L''m
sa t
L''m
sa t
L lr 1
+
+
dr 1
1.
L lr 1
L lr 2
+
+
dr 2
1.
L lr 2
E q'' =
''
m sa t
''
d
L''m sat =
o S L IP
o Rr 2
ids
o S L IP
o Rr1
iqs
K sat
1.
/ Lm + 1. / Llr1 + 1. / Llr 2
MachineModelSVCWSC
Machine Model SVCWSC
Static Var device compatible with WSCC Vx/Wx models
Voltage Clamp Logic
if Vbus<V1vcl, Kvc = 0.
if Vbud>V2vcl for Tdvcl sec., Kvc =1.
V1MAX
VEM AX
VBU S +
1+sTC
1+sTS1
1+sTS2
1+sTS3
VEM IN
VRET
XC
V1MIN
VSCS + VS
VS (from external PSS)
B MAX
K VC * V 2 MAX
1+sTS4
1+sTS5
KSVS
F ast
O ver
R id e
1
1+sTS6
B MIN
K VC * V 2 MIN
Input 1
KS1
1+sTS7
1 + sT8
1 + sTS 9
VSCSM AX
Input 2
KS2
1+sTS10
1+sT11
1+sTS12
sTS13
1+sTS14
VSCS
KS3
VSCSM IN
BSVS
GeneratorOtherModelLCFB1
Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1
Freq
1.0
KP
Lrmax
Fb
Pmwset +
1
e M AX
db
e M AX
db
1
1 + sTPELEC
Pgen
Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable

Power Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable
States
1 - Pelec Sensed
2 - KI
K1
s
Lrmax
+
+
Lrmax
+
Lrmax
Pref 0
Pref
GovernorBPAGG
Governor BPA GG
WSCC Type G Governor Model
PM O
K1'
1 + sT2
1 + sT1
PM AX
States
1 - Pmech
2 - Lead-Lag 1
3 - Integrator 3
4 - Integrator 4
1
1 + sT3
1
1 + sT4
1 + sFT5
1 + sT5
PM
Pe
PM -Pe
GovernorBPAGH
Governor BPA GH
WSCC Type H Hydro-Mechanical Governor Turbine Model
PILOT VALVE
P0 XR
1
TG (1+ sTP )
1
s
PMIN =0
P& DOWN
SDdTd
1+ sTd
States
1 - Pmech
2 - P gate valve
3 - y3
4 - Feedback
TURBINE
PMAX(P.U.)
P& UP
K1'
GATE SERVO
1 sTW
1+ sTW /2
PM
GovernorBPAGIGATB,BPAGJGATB,BPAGKGATB,andBPAGLTB
Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and
BPA GLTB
GovernorBPAGSTA
Governor BPA GSTA
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor
And Nonreheat Turbine (Type A) Model
P0
K1
1+ sT2
1+ sT1
P& UP
+
1
s
1
T3
P& DOWN
States
1 - Pmech
2 - P gate valve
3 - Lead-lag
PMAX(P.U.)
PMIN(P.U.)
PGV
1
1 + sTCH
PM
GovernorBPAGSTB
Governor BPA GSTB
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound
Single Reheat Turbine (Type B) Model
P0
K1
1 + sT2
1 + sT1
P& UP
+
PMAX(P.U.)
1
s
1
T3
P& DOWN
PMIN(P.U.)
FHP
2 - Lead-lag
3 - y3
1
1 + sTCH
FIP
4 - y4
5 - y5
1
1 + sTRH
FLP
States
1 - P gate valve
PGV
1
1 + sTCO
PM
GovernorBPAGSTC
Governor BPA GSTC
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound
Double Reheat Turbine (Type C) Model
P0
K1
1 + sT2
1 + sT1
PMAX(P.U.)
P& UP
1
s
1
T3
P& DOWN
PMIN(P.U.)
FVHP
PGV
FHP
FIP
FLP
States
1 - P gate valve
2 - Lead-lag
3 - y3
1
1 + sTCH
4 - y4
5 - y5
6 - y6
1
1 + sTRH1
1
1 + sTRH 2
1
1 + sTCO
PM
GovernorBPAGWTW
Governor BPA GWTW
WSCC Type W Hydro Governor System
And Hydro Turbine (Type W) Model
P0
K
1+ sT2
(1+ sT1)(1+ sT3)
2
States
1 - Pmech
2 - y0
3 - y1
PMAX/100
PGV
PMIN/100
1 sTW
1+0.5sTW
PM
GovernorCCBT1
Governor CCBT1
Steam Plant Boiler/Turbine and Governor Model
1
1 + sTW
1
1 + sTF
6
M IN4
K P7 +
K P3 +
Press ref
M AX5
Plmref Press ref
TPLM = 50 VMIN
0
MAX1
-1
K
K P1 + I 1
s
1r
rvalve
rpelec
ref
1.0
KB
-dbd
+dbd
13
Speed
M AX6
L ref
1
1 + sTPelec
K IGOV
s
11
+
+
+
Pgen
15
K PGOV +
MIN1
M IN5
1.0
KP6 +
Speed
Proportional-integral blocks 1-6 also have rate limits not shown in the block diagram
KI 6
s
M IN6
Pmech
VMAX
1
1 + sTG
10
K
K P5 + I 5
s
+
ah
12
K
KP2 + I 2
s
M IN2
KI 3
s
K PLM
1 + sTPLM
MAX2
MIN3
M IN7
1 ah
1
sTRH
M AX3
Bias
sK D 7
1 + sTD 7
14
Pmech
M AX7
KI 4
s
1
sTD
KP
MAX4
KP4 +
Valve Bias
GovernorCRCMGV
Governor CRCMGV
Cross Compound Turbine-Governor Model
R eference
PM AX(HP)
Speed (HP)
1/ R( HP )
1 + sT1( HP )
1 +
1+ sF(HP)T5(HP)
(1+ sT )(1+ sT )(1+ sT )

3( HP)
4( HP)
High-Pressure Unit
(D
H ( HP)
)(E )
5( HP)
Pmech(HP)
Pmech(LP)
4
2
T HP
R eference
Speed (LP)
States
1 - HPInput
2 - HPState1
3 - HPState2
PM AX(LP)
1/ R( LP )
1 + sT1( LP )
1+ sF(LP)T5(LP)
5 +
(1+ sT )(1+ sT )(1+ sT )

3( LP)
4( LP)
Low -Pressure U nit
4 - HPState3
5 - LPInput
6 - LPState1
7 - LPState2
8 - LPState3
( D ) ( E )
H ( LP)
5( LP)
T HP
8
2
GovernorDEGOV
Governor DEGOV
Woodward Diesel Governor Model
TMAX
Speed
(1 + sT3 )
1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1
144244
3
Electric Control Box
1
K (1 + sT4 )
s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 )

TMIN
144
42444
3
Actuator
3
States
1 - Control box 1
2 - Control box 2
3 - Actuator 1
4 - Actuator 2
5 - Actuator 3
1+Speed
sTD
{
Engine
Pmech
GovernorDEGOV1
Governor DEGOV1
Woodward Diesel Governor Model
Pref
Speed
TM AX
(1 + sT3 )
1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1
144244
3
Electric Control Box
1
1+Speed
K (1 + sT4 )
s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 )
DROOP
1 - Control box 1
2 - Control box 2
3 - Actuator 1
4 - Actuator 2
5 - Actuator 3
6 - Droop Input
Droop C ontrol
6
States
Pmech
{
Engine
MIN
144
42444
3
Actuator
sTD
1
1+ sTE
SBASE
MBASE
Pelec
GovernorG2WSCC
Governor G2WSCC
Double Derivative Hydro Governor and Turbine
Represents WECC G2 Governor Plus Turbine Model
Pref
(Speed)
1
1+ sTD
eps
db1
sK1
1 + sTF
3 +
s2 K2
(1+ sTF )2
4
VEL OPEN
KG
1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE
KI
s
(TT =0)
R
1
1+ sTT
Pelec
States
1 - Pmech
PMAX
1
s
2 - TD
PGV
GV
9
db2
PMIN
N GV
1 + s A tu r b T tu r b
1 + s B t u r b T tu r b
Pmech
3 - K1
4 - K 2 first
5 - K 2 second
6 - Integrator
7 - Pelec Sensed
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block
8 - Valve
9 - Gate
GovernorGAST_GE
Governor GAST_GE
Gas Turbine-Governor Model
5
1
1+ sTLTR
if (D V >L INC ) R LIM =L TRAT

else
Pref
KA (1+ sT4 )
1+ sT5
R LIM =R MAX
DV
LV
GATE
VMAX
R LIM
1
R
1
sT1
VMIN
FIDLE
+
+
KT
eps
db 0
L MAX
1+ AsT2
1+ BsT2
PG V
dbb
Pmech
GV
FIDLE
4
+
1
1+ sT3
States
1 - Input LL
(Speed)
2 - Integrator
3 - Governor LL
4 - Load Limit
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of PGV vs. GV block
5 - Temperature
GovernorGAST_PTI
Governor GAST_PTI
Speed
D turb
1
R
VMAX
Load ref
1
1+ sT1
LV
Gate
1
1+ sT2
VMIN
KT
States
1 - Fuel Valve
2 - Fuel Flow
3 - Exhaust Temperature
A T (Load Limit)
1
1+ sT3
Pmech
GovernorGAST2A
Governor GAST2A
States
1 - Speed Governor
MAX TC
2 - Valve Positioner
3 - Fuel System
Temperature
Control*
4 - Radiation Shield
5 - Thermocouple
6 - Temp Control
7 - Turbine Dynamics
+
R eference
1+ sT5
sT
Thermocouple
Radiation
Shield
1
1+ sT4
K
K4 + 5
1+ sT3
MIN
Speed
Governor
K6
Fuel
Control
Low
Value
Select
f1
esT
K3
+
+
Turbine
Exhaust
w f1
MAX
W ( sX +1)
sY + Z
Turbine
Valve
Positioner 2
A
C + sB
Speed
Control
esETD
Fuel
System 3 Wf
Fuel
Flow
1
1+ s F
esECR
KF
Gas Turbine
Dynamics
7
1.0 +
Model
Pmech
Turbine
TRATE
MBASE
1
1+ sTCD
w f2
f2
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
f 2 =A f2 -B f2 w f2 -C f2 Speed
f1 =TR -A f1 1.0-w -B f1 Speed
supported by PSSE
f1
GovernorGASTWD
Pelec
Governor GASTWD
Woodward Gas Turbine-Governor Model
SBASE
TRATE
MAX
Pe
Temperature
Control*
KDROOP
1+ sTD
sT5 +1
sT
MAX
Thermocouple
Radiation
Shield
1
1+ sT4
K
K4 + 5
1+ sT3
Turbine
Exhaust
w f1
esETD
TC Setpoint for
T em perature C ontrol
KP
f1
Speed
Reference
Turbine
KI
s
K6
Fuel
Control
Low
Value
Select
K3
esT
+
+
Valve
Positioner
A
C + sB
Speed
Control
sK D
Fuel
System 3 W
f
Fuel
1
Flow
1+ s F
KF
7
States
1 - Power Transducer
MIN
Pmech
2 - Valve Positioner
3 - Fuel System
4 - Radiation Shield
5 - Thermocouple
6 - Temp Control
1.0 +
esECR
Turbine
TRATE
MBASE
f2
w f2
1
1+ sTCD
Gas Turbine
Dynamics
7 - Turbine Dynamics
8 - PID 1
9 - PID 2
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
f =T -A 1.0-w
-B ( Speed )
1 R f1
f1
f1
f =A -B
w
-C ( Speed )
2
f2 f2
f2
f2
GovernorGGOV1
Governor GGOV1 GE General Governor-Turbine Model
If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( Ldref / K turb ) + w fnl
If D m < 0, (Speed+1)
1
1 + sTFload
10
Dm
**D m
1 + sTSA
1 + sTSB
K Pload
K Iload
s
aset
Speed
1 + sTA 9
7
+
K A t
K Pgov
Pref +
+ 1.1r
Pelec
minerr
1
1 Rselect
1 + sTDgov
VMAX
VM AX
sK Dgov
2
-1.1r
+
db
K IMW
s
Pmwset
K Igov
-db
Low
Value
Select
maxerr
1 + sTC
1 + sTB
1.0
Timestep
Pmech
VM IN
1
1 + sTACT
VMIN
governor output
valve stroke
1
1 + sTPelec
sTeng
Kturb
Flag
0
w fnl
1.0 (Speed+1)
States
1 - Pelec Measured
5 - Turbine LL
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter

3 - Governor Integral Control
7 - Turbine Load Integral Control

4 - Turbine Actuator
Model supported by PSSE does not include non-windup limits on K IMW block
9 - Accel Control
R UP , R DOWN , R CLOSE , and R OPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator
10 - Temp Detection LL
8 - Supervisory Load Control
GovernorGGOV2
Governor GGOV2 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( L dref / K turb ) + w fnl
s5
Kpload
1
+
+
Kiload
s
aset
s6
s
1+ sTa
Speed
Pref +
1.1r
Pmwset
+
PELEC
minerr
s2
+
sKdgov
1+ sTdgov
2
1
Rselect
1
1 + sT P elec
s0
1+ sTc
1+ sTb
fsrt
Frequencydependent
limit
fsra
sTeng
Low
Value
VM AX
Select
ropen
vmax
K turb
1
1+ sTact
fsrn
VM IN
vmin
rclose
s1
governor output
1
db
s7
Kigov
-db
Kimw
s
-1.1r
Kpgov
maxerr
s8
Kat
PMECH
Speed
Timestep
s9
1.0
1+ sTsa
1+ sTsb
1
1+ sTfload
Dm
**D m
valve stroke
s3
Flag
0
1.0 (Speed+1)
w fnl
s4
GovernorGGOV3
If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( L dref / K turb ) + w fnl
10
1
1+ sTfload
Dm
**D m
5 +
1+ sTsa
1+ sTsb
1+ sTc
1+ sTb
Kpload
7
Kiload
s
aset
s
1+ sTa
Kat
Pref +
1.1r
PELEC
Kigov
s
sKdgov
2
1
Minerr
-1.1r
+
db
Kimw
s
Pmwset
-db
1
Rselect
1
1
1 + sT P elec
3
+
K turb
M a x e rr
sTeng
Kpgov
1.0
Timestep
+
Percieved
Speed
11
Low
Value
VM AX
Select
1
1+ sTact
VM IN
1+ sTcd
1+ sTbd
VMAX
VMIN
1+ sTdgov
governor output
States
1 - Pelec Measured
PMECH
Flag
0
w fnl
1.0 (Speed+1)
valve stroke
5 - Turbine LL
9 - Accel Control
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter

10 - Temp Detection LL
3 - Governor Integral Control
7 - Turbine Load Integral Control 11 - Fuel System Lead Lag
4 - Turbine Actuator
8 - Supervisory Load Control

dnrate, RUP , RDOWN , RCLOSE , and ROPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator
slope = 1
dnhi
Measured
Speed
Filtered
Speed
ffa
ffb
slope = ffc
Nonlinear Speed Filter

Rate limit dnrate not used in Simulator
Percieved
Speed
dnlo
GovernorGPWSCC
Governor GPWSCC
PID Governor-Turbine Model
KP
Pref
(Speed)
+
err
db1
1
1+ sTD
K1
s
KG
1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE
CV
Tt = 0
sKD
1+ sTf
VEL OPEN
+
+
(Tt > 0)
Pelec
1
1+ sTt
PMAX
1
s
PGV
GV
db2
N GV
Pmech
PMIN
States

1 - Pmech
5 - Pelec Sensed
2 - TD
6 - Valve
3 - Integrator
7 - Gate
4 - Derivative
GovernorHYG3
Governor HYG3
PID Governor, Double Derivative Governor, and Turbine
Pref
= (speed-1)pu
R g a te
States
1 - TD
K2
+
db1
1
1+ sTD
R e le c
1
1+ sTt
1
1+ sTD
db1
Pelec
2 +
sK1
1+ sTf
(1+ sT )
KG
1+ sTP
3 - Ki
cflag>0
R g a te
4 - Valve
5 - Gate
6 - TW
2 - K1
Pref
VEL OPEN
sK1
1+ sTf
s2 K2
CV
KI
s
KI
s
7 - Pelec Sensed
cflag<0
8 - K 2 First
9 - K 2 Second
R e le c
1
1+ sTt
Pelec
CV
PMAX
1
s
GV
db2
PMIN
VEL CLOSE
D tu r b
PG V
N GV
GV
PGV
q/PGV
H
H0
1
sTW
q 6 +
Note: cflag determines numbering of states
qNL
+
t
Pmech

GovernorHYGOV
Governor HYGOV
Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Pref
db1
1 + sTn
1 + sTnp
G MAX
+
1
1+ sTf
1 + sTr
rTr s
1
1+ sTg
G MIN
PG V
rate limit - Velm
D turb
db2
GV
N GV
G Vg
PGV
q/PGV
+
Hdam=1
1
sTW
qNL
At
Pmech
States
1 - Filter Output
2 - Desired Gate
3 - Gate
4 - Turbine Flow
Model supported by PSSE and PSLF

Rperm shown as R, Rtemp shown as r
GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
Ttur, Tn, Tnp, db1, Eps, db2, Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator
GovernorHYGOV2
Governor HYGOV2
Pref
Speed
K I + sK P
s
VGM AX
1 + sT1
KA
sT3
1 + sT2
1 + sT4
-VGM AX
G MAX
1
s
G MIN
sR tem p T R
R
Pmech
PM AX
1 + sT R
1 sT5
1 + sT6
States
1 - Filter Output
2 - Governor
3 - Governor Speed
4 - Droop
5 - Gate
6 - Penstock
The G MAX G MIN limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator.
GovernorHYGOV4
Governor HYGOV4
Pref
+
db1
PMAX
UO
1
1+ sTp
1
Tg
1
s
UC
+
2
db2
PMIN
Rperm
sTr Rtemp
1 + Tr s
GV
D turb
PG V
N GV
PGV
q/PGV
H
Hdam
GV
1
sTW
q
+
qNL
At
Pmech
States
1 - Velocity
2 - Gate
3 - Rtemp
Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator

GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
4 - TW
GovernorHYST1
Governor HYST1
Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor,
Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel
Pgen
1+ sTreg
+ 1
Pref
Rperm
Kp +
Ki
s
1
1+ sTa
1
1+ sTa
sKd
1+ sTa
G MAX
PG V
1
1 + sTb
G(s)
8
9
G MIN
GV
D turb
Not yet implemented in Simulator

7
+
Pmech
GovernorIEEEG1
Governor IEEEG1
IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
SPEED HP
+
db1
Pref
K (1 + sT2 )
1 + sT1
PMAX
UO
1
T3
1
s
UC
PGV
K1
K3
1
1 + sT5
1
1 + sT4
db2
K5
1
1 + sT6
PM ECH HP
PM1
K7
1
1 + sT7
GV
PM IN
K2
K4
+
States
1 - Governor Output
2 - Lead-Lag
3 - Turbine Bowl
4 - Reheater
5 - Crossover
6 - Double Reheat
Model supported by PSLF includes hysteresis that is read but not implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSSE does not include hysteresis and nonlinear gain
K6
K8
PM ECH LP
PM2
GovernorIEEEG2
Governor IEEEG2
IEEE Type 2 Speed-Governor Model
Pref
Speed
K(1+ sT2 )
(1+ sT1)(1+ sT3 )
2
3
PMAX
1 sT4
1+ 0.5sT4
Pmech
PM IN
States
1 - Pmech
2 - First Integrator
3 - Second Integrator
GovernorIEEEG3_GE
Governor IEEEG3_GE
IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
PR EF
Speed
db1
UO
1
1 + sTP
1
TG
1
s
UC
+
PMAX
PGV
PGV
GV
db2
PM IN
KTURB (1 + ATURB sTW )

1 + BTURB sTW
Pmech
1
GV
RPERM
RT E M P sT R
1 + sT R
States
1 - Pmech
PSLF model includes db1, db2, and Eps read but not implemented in Simulator
2 - Servomotor position
3 - Gate position
4 - Transient droop
GovernorIEEEG3_PTI
Governor_IEEEG3_PTI
IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
PR EF
Speed
UO
PMAX
1
TG (1 + sTP )
UC
1
s
PM IN

a a
a23 1+ a11 13 21 sTW
a23

1+ a11sTW
Pmech
RPERM
RTEMPsTR
1+ sTR
States
1 - Pmech
2 - Servomotor position
3 - Gate position
4 - Transient droop
GovernorIEESGO
Governor IEESGO
IEEE Standard Model IEEESGO
PO
Speed
K1(1+ sT2 )
(1+ sT1)(1+ sT3 )
PMAX
PMIN
1
1+ sT4
1 K2
Pmech
1 K2
K2
1+ sT5
K3
1+ sT6
States
1 - First Integrator
2 - Second Integrator
3 - Turbine T4
4 - Turbine T5
5 - Turbine T6
GovernorPIDGOV
Governor PIDGOV - Hydro Turbine and Governor Model PIDGOV
Feedback signal
PR EF
Rperm
Pelec
SBASE
MBASE
1+ sTreg
States
1 - Mechanical Output
2 - Measured Delta P
3 - PI
Speed
Kp +
Ki
s
1
1+ sTa
1
1+ sTa
4 - Reg1
5 - Derivative
6 - Reg2
7 - Gate
sKd
1+ sTa
Vel MAX
+
1
Tb
G MAX
Power
1
s
7
2
1
Vel MIN G
MIN
Gate
1 sTZ
1+ sTZ 2
1 +
TZ = ( A tw ) *Tw
Pmech
D turb
(G0,0), (G1,P1), (G2,P2), (1,P3) are x,y coordinates of Power vs. Gate function
GovernorTGOV1
Governor TGOV1
Steam Turbine-Governor Model TGOV1
VMAX
PR EF
1
R
1
1+ sT1
1+ sT2
1+ sT3
Pmech
VMIN
Speed
Dt
States
1 - Turbine Power
2 - Valve Position

GovernorTGOV2
Governor TGOV2
Steam Turbine-Governor with Fast Valving Model TGOV2
K
VMAX
Reference
1
1+ sT1
1
R
1 K
1+ sT3
v
1+ sTt
3 +
4
PM ECH
VMIN
Speed
Time to initiate fast valving.
TA :
Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA

seconds after fast valving initiation.
TB :
Intercept valve starts to reopen TB

seconds after fast va lving initiation.
TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC

Intercept Valve Position
TI :
Dt
TC
TB
TA
1.
0.
TI
(T
+ TA
) (T
+ TB
) (T
Time, seconds
+ TC
States
1 - Throttle
2 - Reheat Pressure
3 - Reheat Power
4 - Intercept Valve
GovernorTGOV3
Governor TGOV3
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor with Fast Valving Model
K(1+ sT2 )
1+ sT1
1
T3
1
s
UC
TI :
Time to initiate fast valving.
TA :
Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA

TB :
Intercept valve starts to reopen TB

seconds after fast va lving initiation.
TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC

1
1+ sT4
3 +
PM IN
Intercept Valve Position
Speed
UO
PRMAX
K1
PMAX
1 4
v
sT5
0.8
K3
1
1+ sT6
0 0.3
Intercept Valve
Position
TC
TB
States
1 - LL
2 - StateT3
TA
1.
0.
TI
(T
+ TA
) (T
+ TB
) (T
Time, seconds

K2
Flow
PR EF
PM ECH
+ TC
3 - StateT4
4 - StateT5
5 - StateT6
6 - Intercept Valve
Gv1,Pgv1 ... Gv6, Pgv6 are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Intercept Valve Position function
GovernorTGOV5
Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls
+
V MAX
K(1+ sT2 )
1+ sT1
SPEED HP
1
T3
UC
+
MW
D em and
Desired
MW
C2
K13
K12
PSP
R M IN
K6
PSP
PE
sTD
e
(1+ sTF )(1+ sTW )
PT
1
sCB
C MIN
Fuel Dynamics
PM 2
KI (1+ sTI )(1+ sTR )

s (1+ sTR1 )
PT
C MAX
Dead Band
K11
K8
ms
PO
DPE
Desired
MW
1
1+ sT7
DPE
PO
K7
PM 1
PMECH LP
LMIN
KL
C3
1
K5
1
s
K14
PE
(Pressure Error)
R M AX
K3
LMAX
K4
+
PMECH HP
1
1+ sT6
K2
1
1+ sT5
ms
V MIN
KMW
1+ sTMW
PELEC
1
1+ sT4
1
s
PO
K1
UO
K10
PD
C1
K9
ms
GovernorURGS3T
Governor URGS3T
WECC Gas Turbine Model
1
1 + sTLTR
States
1 - Input LL
2 - Integrator
3 - Governor LL
If (D V >L INC ), then R LIM = LTRAT

else, R LIM = R MAX
DV
4 - Load Limit
5 - Temperature
Pref
err
db1
K a (1 + sT4 )
1 + sT5
+
LV
GATE
R LIM
FIDLE
1
sT1
1
R
VMAX
L MAX
Speed
Dturb

1 + AsT2
1 + BsT2
FIDLE
VMIN
KT
1
1 + sT3
PG V
+
G V
db2
Pmech
GovernorWT12T1
Governor WT12T1
Two-Mass Turbine Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Generators
From
WT12A
Model
+
1
2Ht s
base
+
Dshaft
K shaft
Damp
+
Tmech
1
2Hg s
Telec
Speed
base
+
base
1
s
R otor
angle
deviation
Initial rotor slip
H t =HH tfrac
H g =H-H t
2H t H g (2Freq1) 2
K shaft =
H 0
States
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle
GovernorW2301
Governor W2301
Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model
Speed
Ref
Pref
Pelec
Speed
1
1+ sTp
Gamma
2
1+ 0.5Rho s
Beta s(1.05 Alpha)
PI
Controller
1+ 2Beta s
Gmax
Valve Servo
1
1 + sTV
Gmin
1+ sKtTturb
1+ sTturb
Turbine
Pmech
gnl
D
States
1 - PelecSensed
Gain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator.
2 - PI
3 - Valve
4 - Turbine
GovernorWEHGOV
Governor WEHGOV
Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model
5
sK D
1 + sT D
Pref
ERR (*)
Speed deadband
Feedback
signal
KP
RpermPE
1 + sT PE
Gmax+DICN
KI
s
Pilot Valve
Distribution Valve
Gmax+DPV
GTMXOP*Tg
+
1
1 + sT P
Feedback
signal=1
1 - Pilot Valve
2 - DistributionValve
3 - Gate
Gmax
Feedback
signal=0
1
G ate position, g s
Gmin-DICN
States
GTMXCL*Tg
Gmin-DPV
1
sT D V
4 - Turbine Flow
1
Tg
5 - Derivative
6 - Integrator
Rperm G ate
Pelec
SBASE
M BASE
(*)O u t = 0 if E R R < (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )
O u t = E R R ( I ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) if E R R > (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )
O u t = E R R ( I ) + (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) if E R R < (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )
7 - PelecSensed
Gmin
G overnor and H ydraulic A ctuators
Speed
Dturb
g
Flow
Gate
position, g
G ate
Steady-State
Flow , q ss
q/q ss
H
H 0 =1
1
sTW
T urbine Flow , q
Pm ss
Flow
T urbine D ynam ics

(Gate 1, Flow G1)...(Gate 5, Flow G5) are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Gate function
(Flow P1, PMECH 1)...(Flow P10, PMECH 10) are x,y coordinates of Pmss vs. Flow function
Pmss
Pmech
GovernorWESGOV
Governor WESGOV
Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model
KP
Reference
Speed
Pelec
1
1+ sTpe
**
1
sTI
2
+
(1 + sT1 )(1 + sT2 )
Pmech
Droop
Digital Control * * *
* Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC.

* *Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP.
* * *Maximum change is limited to A lim between sampling times .
States
1 - PEMeas
2 - Control
3 - Valve
4 - PMech
A lim read but not implemented in Simulator
GovernorWNDTGE
Pdbr
Pelec
+
+
Wind
Power
Model
Spdw l
Blade
Pitch
Governor WNDTGE
Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
Pmech
Rotor
Model
10
rotor
Anti-windup on
Pitch Limits
PIMax & PIRat
1 cmd
1+ sTp
PImin & -PIRat
ref
err
1
1+ s5
Anti-windup on
Power Limits
K pp + Kip / s
Pitch
Compensation
K pc + Kic / s
Wind
1
Wind Pavl
Active Power
Speed
Power
Control
1 + sT pav
(glimv)
Model
(optional)
WTG Ter
Pavf 12
Bus Freq +
p set
1
fbus Frequency
Response
To gewtg
Auxiliary
Curve
Trip Signal
Signal +
(glimit)
if (fbus < fb OR
(psig)
1
fbus > fc)
fflg
1
1+ sTpc
apcflg Pmin
Pord
Power Response
Rate Limit
PsetAPC
0
PWmin & -PWrat
p stl
1
4 - Pitch Compensation
5 - Power Control
6 - Speed Reference
7 - Mech Speed
8 - Mech Angle
9 - Elect Speed
10- ElectAngle
11- Washout
12- Active Power
PWmax & PWrat
States
1 - Pitch
2 - Pitch Control
3 - Torque Control
Pelec
2
0.67 Pelec
+ 1.42 Pelec + 0.51
K ptrq + Kitrq / s
Pitch Control
Torque
Anti-windup on Pitch Limits
Control
Trip
Signal
Over/Under
Speed Trip
Pmax
plim
perr
11
sTW
1 + sTW
+
wsho
Pord
Release
PMAX
if fflg set
Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented. Simulator calculates initial windspeed Spdwl.
Governor WNDTGE
Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
0
Two - Mass Rotor Model
Tmech +
Tmech =
Pmech
mech + 0
Telec
Telec =
1
2H
1
s
1
s
elec
Ar vw3Cp ( , )
= Kb ( / vw )
4
Cp ( , ) = ij i j
i =0 j =0
See charts for curve fit values
Ktg
Tshaft
1
2Hg
Wind Power Model
1 8
s
base
1
s
base
Pmech =
rotor Turbine Speed
mech
Dtg
Pelec
elec + 0
10
Generator Speed
GovernorWNDTRB
Governor WNDTRB
Wind Turbine Control Model
90
BPR M X
Rotor speed
+
r
KP (1+ sT1)
1+ sT2
-BPR M X
ref
1
s
cos
1
1+ sTa
Pmech
Pwo
States
1 - Input
2 - Blade Angle (Deg)
3 - Blade Pitch Factor
GovernorWPIDHY
Governor WPIDHY
Woodward PID Hydro Governor Model
Per Unit Output

(MBASE)
States
PR EF
PELEC
(1, P3 )
( G 2 , P2 )
Speed
5 - PID3
1.0
( G 0 , 0)
6 - Velocity
7 - Gate
sK D
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
( G1 , P1 )
G ate Position (pu)
REG
1 + sT REG
1 - Mechanical Output
2 - Measured Delta P
KP
+
+
(1 + sT A )
4
5
1
1 + sT B
6
Vel M IN
PM AX
G M AX
Vel M AX
1
s
GP
7
G M IN
1 sTW
T
1+ s W
2
PM IN
Ki
s
PMECH
GovernorWSHYDD
Governor WSHYDD
WECC Double-Derivative Hydro Governor Model
Pref
(Speed)
1
1+ sTD
err
db1
3 +
sK1
1+ sTF
KI
s
TT = 0
s2K2
(1+ sTF )
4
VEL OPEN
KG
1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE
(TT > 0)
1
1+ sTT
Pelec
PMAX
1
s
PGV
GV
db2
N GV
T r a te
M VA
Pmech
1
PMIN
Inputs GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block
States
1 - Pmech
6 - Integrator
2 - TD
7 - Pelec Sensed
3 - K1
8 - Valve
4 - K 2 first
9 - Gate
5 - K 2 second
GovernorWSHYGP
Governor WSHYGP
WECC GP Hydro Governor Plus Model
KP
Pref
+
(Speed)
err
db1
1
1+ sTD
KI
s
KG
1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE
CV
Tt = 0
sKD
1+ sTf
VEL OPEN
(Tt > 0)
Pelec
1
1+ sTt
PMAX
1
s
PMIN

PGV
GV
7
db2
N GV
T r a te
M VA
Pmech
States
1 - Pmech
5 - Pelec Sensed
2 - TD
6 - Valve
3 - Integrator
7 - Gate
4 - Derivative
GovernorWSIEG1
Governor WSIEG1
WECC Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
GV0
err
db1
1+ sT2
1+ sT1
PMAX
UO
CV
1
s
1
T3
UC
PGV
GV
db2
N GV
PMIN
PM ECH HP
PM1
K3
K5
K7
2 - Governor Output
3 - Turbine 1
4 - Turbine 2
States
1 - Lead-lag
K1
1
1+ sT4
1
1+ sT5
1
1+ sT6
1
1+ sT7
5 - Turbine 3
K2
Iblock = 1 : if PM IN =0, PMIN =Pinitial
Iblock = 2 : if PM AX =0, PMAX =Pinitial
Iblock = 3 : if PMIN =0, PMIN =Pinitial
: if PMAX =0, PMAX =Pinitial

K4
K6
+
+
K8
+
+
6 - Turbine 4
+
+
PM ECH LP
PM 2
GovernorWT1T
Governor WT1T
Wind Turbine Model for Type-1 Wind Turbines
Pgen
+
Pmech
From
G enerator
M odel
Tacc
1
2H
1
s
From
G overnor
M odel
To
Generator
M odel and
G overnor
M odel
Damp
Type 1 WTG Turbine One - mass Model
t
From
G overnor
M odel
Pmech
Tmech
1
2Ht
Dshaft
From
G enerator
M odel
Pgen
Telec +
1
2Hg
1
s
1
t
tg
1
s
tg
g
3
1
s
States
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle
g
1
s
Type 1 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

H t =HH tfrac
H g =H-H t
2H t H g (2Freq1) 2
K=
H
GovernorWT3T
Governor WT3T
Wind Turbine Model for Type-3 (Doubly-fed) Wind Turbines
From
G enerator
M odel
Simplified
Aerodynamic M odel
Blade
Pitch
From
Pitch C ontrol
M odel
Pgen
+
Kaero
Pmech +
Tacc
1
2H
1
s
T o Pitch
C ontrol M odel
and C onverter
C ontrol M odel
Pmo
Damp
Type 3 WTG Turbine One - mass Model

When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to =
t
Pmech
Tmech
1
2Ht
Dshaft
Pgen
Telec
1
2Hg
1
s
1
t
tg
1
s
g
3
tg
Theta 2
1
1 2
0.75 VW
1
s
States
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle
1
s
Type 3 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

H t =HH tfrac
H g =H-H t
2H t H g (2Freq1) 2
K=
H
GovernorWT3T1
Governor WT3T1
Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Blade
Pitch
From
W T 3P1 M odel
Kaero
Paero initial
1
1+ State 1
Initial
Pitch 0
Angle
+
+
Tmech
1
2Ht s
base
tg +
Dshaft
K shaft
Damp
Tmech
Telec
1
2Hg s
g
+
base
g
base
H t =HH tfrac
H g =H-H t
2H t H g (2Freq1) 2
K shaft =
H 0
Initial rotor slip
1
s
R otor
Angle
Deviation
GovernorBBGOV1
European Governor Model BBGOV1
PELEC
SW ITC H = 0
SW ITC H 0
1
1 + sT1
PO
Speed
f cut
KS
KLS
f cut
K LS
1
s
PM AX
1
KP
1
+
sT
N
sK D
1 + sT D
PM IN
KG
K LS
1
1 + sT4
1 K2
1 K3
K2
1 + sT5
K3
1 + sT6
PM EC H
GovernorIVOGO
IVO Governor Model IVOGO
REF
MAX 3
MAX 1
SPEED
K1 ( A1 + sT1 )
A2 + sT2
K3 ( A3 + sT3 )
A4 + sT4
K5 ( A5 + sT5 )
A6 + sT6
MAX 5
PMECH
MIN 5
MIN 1
MIN 3
GovernorTURCZT
Czech Hydro and Steam Governor Model TURCZT
Frequency Bias
BSFREQ +
Power Regulator
f M AX
K KOR
f DEAD
f M IN
KP
+
N TREF
dFREF
N TMAX
1
1 + sTC
SBASE
M BASE
PELEC
1
sT I
Measuring Transducer
N TMIN
1
1 + sT EH P
KM
Hydro Converter
+
YREG
Frequency Bias
K STAT
s DEAD
G overnor
1
6
Steam Unit
HP Part
1
1 + sT H P
Regulation Valves
V MAX
Y REG
G MAX
1
TU
V MIN
1
s
SWITCH = 1
K HP
Reheater
1
1 + sT R
1 K HP
1
KM
PM EC H
1
KM
PM EC H
SWITCH = 0
G MIN
1
1 + s TH 2
T urbine
Hydro Unit
GovernorURCSCT
Combined Cycle on Single Shaft Model URCSCT
Plant
O utput
(MW )
(STOUT C, POUT C)
(STOUT B, POUT B)
(STOUT A, POUT A)
Steam Turbine O utput (M W )
(Steam Turbine Rating,

Steam & Gas Turbine Rating)
GovernorHYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
H LAKE
(V )
H SCH
(V )
Q SCH
TUNNEL
TUNL / A, TUNLOS
QTUN
SCHARE
SURGE
CHAMBER
SCHLOS
H BSCH
Q PEN
PENSTOCK
PENL / A, PENLOS
TURBINE
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter M odel
H TAIL
(V )
GovernorHYGOVM
2
Q PEN
At
PENLOS
Gate +
Relief Valve
INPUT
O2
2
PEN
2
At
Q 2 SCH
H LAKE
gv
s PENL A
Q SCH
OUTPUT
Q PEN
H TAIL
Q 2 TUN
H SCH
TUNLOS
gv
sTUNL A
H BSCH
H BSCH
SCHLOS
gv
sTUNL A
QTUN
Q PEN
1
LEGEND :
gv
TUNL/A
SCHARE
PENLOS
FSCH
PENL/A
Gravitational acceleration
Summation of length/cross section of tunnel
Surge chamber cross section
Penstock head loss coeficient
Surge chamber orifice head loss coeficient
Summation of length/cross section of penstock,
scroll case and draft tube
At
O
HSCH
QPEN
QTUN
QSCH
Turbine flow gain

Gate + relief valve opening
W ater level in surge chamber
Penstock flow
Tunnel flow
Surge chamber flow
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter M odel
GovernorHYGOVM
M XJDO R
Jet Deflector
+
1
Tg
1
s
Deflector
Position
M XJD C R
Speed
0.01 +
Governor
G MAX
Speed
Reference
1+ sTr
rsTr
1
1+ sTf
Gate Servo
M XGTOR or
M XBGOR
+
G MIN
1
Tg
1
s
M XGTCR or
M XBGCR
RVLVCR +
Gate
Opening
RVLMAX
1
s
Relief Valve
Relief Valve
Opening
LEGEND :
R
r
Tr
Tf
Tg
MXG TOR
MXGTCR
MXBGOR
Permanent droop
Temporary droop
Governor time constant
Filter time constant
Servo time constant
Maximum gate opening rate
Maximum gate closing rate
Maximum buffered gate opening rate
MXBGCR
GM AX
GM IN
RVLVCR
RVLM AX
MXJDOR
MXJDCR
Maximum buffered gate closing opening

Maximum gate limit
Minimum gate limit
Relief valve closing rate
Maximum relief valve limit
Maximum jet deflector opening rate
Maximum jet deflector closing rate
GovernorHYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
H SCH
(V )
Q SCH
H LAKE
(V )
TUNNEL
QTUN
SCHARE
SURGE
CHAMBER
SCHLOS
H BSCH
PENSTOCK
Q PEN
TURBINE
H TAIL
(V )
Time
TUNNEL
(TUNLGTH , TUNSPD , TUNARE , TUNLOS )
Tunnel Inlet
Constraint
Surge Chamber
Constraints
DELT * ICON (M + 3)
Flows
Heads
VAR(L + 46 )
VAR(L + 66 )
144
42444
3
TUNLGTH / (ICON (M + 2) +1)
Space
VAR(L + 45 + ICON(M + 2)) = QTUN
VAR(L + 65 + ICON(M + 2)) = H BSCH
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave M odel
GovernorHYGOVT
Surge Chamber
QTUN
Q PEN
1
sSCHARE
Q SCH
Q 2 SCH
H SCH +
H BSCH
SCHLOS
Time
PENSTOCK
( PENLGTH , PENSPD , PENARE , PENLOS )
Surge Chamber
Constraints
Turbine
Constraint
DELT * ICON (M +1)
Flows
Heads
VAR(L + 6 ) = Q PEN
VAR(L + 26 ) = H BSCH
144
42444
3
PENLGTH / (ICON (M ) + 1)
Space
VAR(L + 55 + ICON(M))
VAR(L + 25 + ICON(M))
GovernorHYGOVT
Jet Deflector
+
M XJDO R
1
Tg
1
s
Deflector
Position
M XJD C R
0.01 +
Governor
Speed
1+ sTr
rsTr
1
1+ sTf
Gate Servo
G MAX
Speed
Reference
M XGTOR or
M XBGOR
+
G MIN
1
Tg
1
s
M XGTCR or
M XBGCR
RVLVCR +
Gate
Opening
RVLMAX
1
s
Relief Valve
LEGEND :
R
r
Tr
Tf
Tg
MXG TOR
MXGTCR
MXBGOR
Relief Valve
Opening
Permanent droop
MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing opening
Temporary droop
GM AX
Maximum gate limit
Governor time constant
GM IN
Minimum gate limit
Filter time constant
RVLVCR Relief valve closing rate
Servo time constant
RVLM AX Maximum relief valve limit
MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rate
Maximum gate opening rate
MXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate
Maximum gate closing rate
Maximum buffered gate opening rate
GovernorTGOV4
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model with PLU and EVA Model TGOV4
sT R EV A
1 + sT RE VA
Generator Power
E V A > R ate
L evel
Y
T IV 1
AND
EVA >
U nbalance
L evel
OR
T IV 2
IV #1
IV # 2
Reheat Pressure
Generator Current
sT R PL U
1 + sT R PLU
TC V 1
P L U > R ate
L evel
T im er
Y
TC V 2
AND
PLU >
U nbalance
L evel
TC V 3
LATCH
PLU and EVA Logic Diagram
TC V 4
CV #1
CV # 2
CV # 3
CV # 4
GovernorTWDM1T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 1T
VELM OPEN
+
N REF
1
1+ sTf
Speed +
VELM CLOSE
1
s
1
rTr
1+ sTr
GATE MAX
1
1+ sTg
GATE MIN
1
sTW
At
1.0
PMECH
qNL
0.
D turb
Tail W ater Depression M odel 1
Speed
f < F2
AND
FREQ
1
1+ sTft
sf < sF2
TF 2LATCH
Measured Frequency
f < F1
TF1LATCH
Tail W ater Depression Trip M odel
OR
Trip Tail
Water
Depression
GovernorTWDM2T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 2T
SPEED
1
s
Reg
1 + sTREG
+
+
LOGIC
(1+ sTA )
Two
Trip
TWD Lock MIN
V ELMN
1
sTW
At
1
1+ sTft
1.0
PMECH
0.
qNL
D turb
f < F2
AND
FREQ
Tail W ater Depression M odel 2

2
G ATMN
sKD
PELECT
1
s
1
1+ sTB
KP
PREF
G ATMX
V ELMX
TWD Lock MAX
sf < sF2
TF 2LATCH
Measured Frequency
f < F1
TF1LATCH
Tail W ater Depression Trip M odel
OR
Trip Tail
Water
Depression
HVDC
Two Terminal DC Control Diagram
PD E S
VOLTAGE
TRAN SD U C ER
VDC
VMEAS
1
1 + sTv
I DES =
CURRENT
TRAN SD U C ER
I DC
PM O D
+ RECT
PDES
VMEAS
C O N STAN T
POW ER
I MAX
1
1 + sTC
I MIN
VMIN
MARGIN
SWITCH
LOGIC
I M OD
I DES
If I MIN I DES I MAX

I ORD = I DES
If I MIN > I DES , I ORD = I DES
If I MAX < I DES , I ORD = I MAX
I MAX
I M EAS
C O N STAN T
CURRENT
VMEAS
I MIN = 10% * I MAX

VMIN = VLIM *VRATED
I ORD
( RECTIFIER )
C URREN T
M ARGIN
( IN VERTER )
E OR E OI
LIM
1
1 + sTD
K (1+ sT1)
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )
V'
2RC
V
cos o
EOR
V
cosI = cos
EOR
cosR =
1.35 E C
cosR
cosI
LIM = E OR (cos 0 + cos min ) 2 I M EAS RC ( RECT )

LIM = E OI (cos + cos STOP ) 2 I M EAS RC ( IVERT )
I M EAS
I M EAS
( RECTIFIER )
( IN VERTER )
HVDC
WSCC Stability Program Two-Terminal DC Line Model
P G E N r + jQ G E N r
1: Nr
P G E N i jQ G E N i
1
cr
V vr
R cr
L sr
V Ar
3 2
N rV A R =
D r' = E r c o s
cos r =
''
'''
D r'
3I
3 2
V pr
cr
Pi
Vr
cos r =
IX
cr
2V p r
L si
cos r
Ei =
3 2
cos i =
E i cos
M IN
= (E r cos
M IN
+ Ei cos
STO P
V vr V vi ) / R T O T
V vr V vi ) / R T O T
W H E R E R T O T = R + R cr + R ci +
(X
cr
V vi
D i'
N iV A i =
D i' = E i c o s
D r'
Er
M IN
N i :1
ci
V Ai
Vi
P G E N r = D r' I
= (E r cos
R ci
V pr
Er =
Pr
ci
D i'
Ei
3I
3 2
X ci
V pi
V pi
cos i = cos i
P G E N i = D i' I
IX
ci
2V p i
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Rectifiers and Inverters without

Current Margin
VDC
1
1 + sTv
I DC
1
1 + sTC
VLAG
I DES =
PDES
VMEAS
C O N STAN T
POW ER
I MAX
I M' AX
I MIN
V
C O N STAN T
CURRENT
I DES
If I MIN I D I MAX
I ORD = I D
If I D > I MAX , I ORD = I MAX
If I D < I MIN , I ORD = I MIN
DV
I M EAS
+
I REF
V doL
I ORD
LIM
K (1+ sT1)
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )
V1
V3 GREATER V
OF THE
TWO
0.0
VC
REC T LIM = V doL (cos 0 + cos min )

INV LIM = V doL (cos 0 + cos STOP )
6 XC
I M EAS
1
1 + sTLIM
+1.
V
cos = cos ON
VdoL
1.
V do
cos
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Terminals with Current Margin

I
I O RD 2 O RD 1
I O RD 3
..
I ORD
cos ON =
2 RC ( FRAC ) I MARG
+ cos o
Vdo INITIAL
FRAC = 0.25
N -1
VCORD = Vdo (cos ON cos o ) + 2 RC I ORD
I DC
1
1 + sTC
I M EAS
I O RD
VC O RD
LIM
I M ARG
V doL
K (1+ sT1)
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )
V1
V3
0.0
GREATEST
OF THE
TWO
VC
LIM = V doL (cos ON + cos STOP )
6 XC
I M EAS
1
1 + sTLIM
+1.
V
cos = cos ON
VdoL
1.
V do
cos
HVDC
Detailed VDCL and Mode Change Card Multi-Terminal
CURRENT
YES
1.0
PDES
VMEAS
Y1
PDES
VMEAS
I DES
VMEAS
Y0
VMEAS > VC1
NO
VOLTAGE
V1
Y1 , Y0
V1 , V2
VDCL
V2
VDCL
PU Current on rated Current base
PU Voltage on rated Voltage base
VC1
I ORD
Mode Change
PU rated DC Voltage below
which mode is changed to constant
I from constant P
HVDC
Equivalent Circuit of a Two Terminal DC Line
X
Rr
R cr R eqr
RL
R eqi
R ci
Xi
Ri
1:T
1:T
Pr , Qr
+
E r
E cr
Id
VDr
V dor c o s r
VDi
Pi , Qi
+
V dr
V di
V doi c o s i
E ci
E i
HVDC
BPA Converter Controller
PD E S
VOLTAGE
TRAN SD U C ER
VDC
VMEAS
1
1 + sTv
I DES =
CURRENT
TRAN SD U C ER
I DC
PM O D
+ RECT
PDES
VMEAS
C O N STAN T
POW ER
I MAX
If I MIN I DES I MAX

I ORD = I DES
If I MIN > I DES , I ORD = I DES
If I MAX < I DES , I ORD = I MAX
I MAX
I MIN
I M EAS
VMIN
MARGIN
SWITCH
LOGIC
I M OD
I DES
I DES
1
1 + sTC
C O N STAN T
CURRENT
VMEAS
I MIN = 10% * I MAX

VMIN = VLIM *VRATED
I ORD
( RECTIFIER )
C U RREN T
M ARG IN
C U R R E N T LIM
CONTROLLER
K (1+ sT1)
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )
E OR E OI
V'
2RC
( IN VERTER )
1
1 + sTD
V
cos o
EOR
V
cosI = cos
EOR
cosR =
1.35 E C
cosR
cosI
LIM = E OR (cos 0 + cos min ) 2 I M EAS RC ( RECT )

LIM = E OI (cos + cos STOP ) 2 I M EAS RC ( IVERT )
I M EAS
I M EAS
( RECTIFIER )
( IN VERTER )
HVDC
BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model
PD E S
Vdr
VMEAS
1
1 + sTv
PM O D
I DES =
+ (R)
PDES
VMEAS
C O N STAN T
POW ER
C O N STAN T
CURRENT
I des
I des
Id
I MAX
1
1 + sTC
Id
If I MIN < I des < I MAX

I ord = I des
If I MIN I des , I ord = I MIN
If I MAX I des , I ord = I MAX
I MAX
I MIN
VMIN
M EAS
VMEAS
MARGIN
SWITCH
LOGIC
DI
I M OD
I ORD
+
I ord
I ord
V dor
Vdor cos0 Vdoi cos i 2V0

RT
I DC
I ord
1
iT
IDC
1+ sTL
I ord
( c u r r e n t m a r g in )
+
IN V . C o n tr o lle r
Id
cosr
cosi
V doi
DI
C o n tr o l S c h e m e
L o g ic
I ord
If:
C o n tr o l S c h e m e L o g ic
iT Iordr CC CEAControl Id = Iordr

i = o; Vdor cosr =Vdoi coso + 2VD + RT ID
iT Iordi CIACC Control Id = Iordi
r = o; Vdoi cosi =Vdo coso 2VD RT ID
Iordi < iT < Iordr CIACEAControl Id = iT
r =o; i = o
HVDC
I M AX
I AC
PAC
s
s +
1
1+ sTf
s
1+ sTd
I M OD
s2 + sA + B
s2 + sC + D
I M IN
Low Level M odulation
PM* AX
I AC
PAC
s
s +
1
1+ sTf
s
1+ sTd
s2 + sA + B
s2 + sC + D
PM OD
PM* IN
High Level M odulation

*
M AX
1
RECT
2
INV
= PM AX PDESIRED
PM* IN = PM IN PDESIRED
PM AX
s
1+ sTd1
1
1+ sTf 1
s
s + 1
s + sA1 + B1
s2 + sC1 + D1
K1
s
1+ sTd 2
1
1+ sTf 2
s
s + 2
s2 + sA2 + B2
s2 + sC2 + D2
K2
Dual Frequancy M odulation
PM OD
PM IN
HVDC
Gamm a M odulation
M AX
V AC
s
1+ sT1
A + sT3
1+ sT4
V REF
T1 , T3 , T4 , T5 are in secs.
M AX , M IN are in degrees
HILO must be 5
B + sT5
1+ sT6
K is in degrees/pu volts
A , B must be 1 or zero
M IN
LoadCharacteristicCIM5
Load Characteristic CIM5
Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
Type 2
RA + jX A
RA + jX A
jX1
jX1
jX2
jXm
jX2
jXm
R1
s
R2
s
R1
s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes:
1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0.
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
3. Load Torque, TL = T(1+D )D
4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated
in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4).
5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V=0
|
6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the
breaker delay time cycles.
R2
s
LoadCharacteristicCIM6
Load Characteristic CIM6
Type 1
Type 2
RA + jX A
RA + jX A
jX1
jX1
jX2
jXm
jX2
jXm
R1
s
R2
s
R1
s

Model Notes:
3. Load Torque, TL = T( A2 +B +C0 +DE )
4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated
in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4).
V=0
|
R2
s
LoadCharacteristicCIMW
Load Characteristic CIMW
Type 1
Type 2
RA + jX A
RA + jX A
jX1
jX1
jX2
jXm
jX2
jXm
R1
s
R2
s
R1
s

Model Notes:
3. Load Torque, TL = T( A2 +B +C0 +DE ) where C0=1 A2 B0 DE0 .
D
4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and
stored in VAR(L+4).
V=0
|
R2
s
LoadCharacteristicCLOD
Load Characteristic CLOD
Complex Load Model
P + jQ
Tap
R + jX
PO
PO = Load MW input on system base
Large
Motors
Small
Motors
I
V
Discharge
Motors
Constant
MVA
P = PRO *V KP
Q = QRO *V 2
Transformer
Saturation
Remaining
Loads
LoadCharacteristicEXTL
Load Characteristic EXTL
Complex Load Model
Pinitial
Q initial
PMLTMX
Pactual
QMLTMX
1
Pinitial
KP
s
PMLTMN
PMULT
Q actual
KQ
Q initial
QMLTMN
QMULT
LoadCharacteristicIEEL
Load Characteristic IEEL
Complex Load Model
(
(a v
P = Pload a1vn1 + a2vn2 + a3vn3 (1+ a7f )

Q = Qload
n4
+ a5vn5 + a6vn6 (1+ a8f )
LoadCharacteristicLDFR
Load Characteristic LDFR
Complex Load Model
P = PO
O
Q = QO
O
I p = I po
O
Iq = Iqo
O
LoadCharacteristicBPAINDUCTIONMOTORI
Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI
RS + jXS
jXR
MECHANICAL
LOAD
jXm
R=
RR
s
Model Notes:
Mechanical Load Torque, T = ( A2 + B + C)TO
where C is calculated by the program such that
A2 + B + C = 1.0
= 1
T, EMWS
LoadCharacteristicBPATYPELA
Load Characteristic BPA Type LA
Load Model
2
P = P0 ( PV
+ PV
1
2 + P3 + P4 (1+f * LDP ) )
LoadCharacteristicBPATYPELB
Load Characteristic BPA Type LB
Load Model
2
P = P0 ( PV
+ PV
1
2 + P3 ) (1+f * LDP )
StabilizerBPASF,BPASP,BPASS,andBPASG
Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG
Stabilizer Models
CHOICE OF
INPUT SIGNALS
K QV
VT =VTO VT
1+sTQV
e ts
KQS
SHAFT SLIP,
FREQ. OR
ACCEL. POWER
sTQ
1+sTQ
6
'
Q3
1+sT
1+sT
1+sT
1+sTQ1
1+sTQ2
1+sTQ3
1+sTQS
VT
VSMAX
If VCUTOFF >0.0, then
VS'
VS =V if VT VCUTOFF
'
S
VS =0.0 if VT >VCUTOFF
1 - K QS
'
Q2
K QS
If VCUTOFF 0.0, then VS =VS'
States
4
'
Q1
VT =VTO VT
2 - K QV
3 - TQ
4 - TQ1
5 - TQ2
6 - TQ3
VSMIN
VST
ZERO
StabilizerBPASH,BPASHPLUS,andBPASI
Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI
Stabilizer Models
StabilizerIEE2ST
Stabilizer IEE2ST
IEEE Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1
K1
1+sT1
Input Signal #2
K2
1+sT2
sT3
1+sT4
1+sT5
1+sT6
1+sT9
1+sT10
VSS
LSMIN
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
3 - Washout
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
6 - Unlimited Signal
1+sT7
1+sT8
LSMAX
States
Output Limiter
VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL )

VS = 0 if (VCT < VCL )
VS = 0 if (VCT > VCU )
VST
StabilizerIEEEST
Stabilizer IEEEST
IEEE Stabilizing Model
Filter
Input Signal
1+A5s+A 6s 2
(1+A1s+A 2s 2 )(1+A 3s+A 4s 2 )
1
L SM AX
sT5
KS
1+sT6
VSS
L SM IN
1+sT3
1+sT4
1+sT1
1+sT2
Output Limiter
VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL )

VS = 0 if (VCT < VCL )
VS = 0 if (VCT > VCU )
States
1 - Filter 1
2 - Filter 2
3 - Filter 3
4 - Filter Out
5 - LL1
6 - LL2
Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in Simulator
VST
StabilizerPFQRG
Stabilizer PFQRG
Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
Reactive
Power
J=1
J=0
Power
Factor
States
1 - PI
KP +
KI
s
M AX To Voltage
Regulator
VST
-M AX
Reference Signal,
Reactive power or
Power Factor
Supplementary
Signal
StabilizerPSS2A
Stabilizer PSS2A
IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
1
Input Signal #1
sTW2
1+sTW2
sTW1
1+sTW1
1
1+sT6
1+sT8
M
(1+sT9 )
9
Input Signal #2
sTW3
1+sTW3
sTW4
1+sTW4
K S2
1+sT7
States
1 - WOTW1
11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2
3 - Transducer1
12 - RampFilter4
13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3
14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Transducer2
16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1
8 - LL2
17 - RampFilter9
18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1
19 - LLGEOnly
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT2
1+sT3
1+sT4
18
K S3
5
10 - RampFilter2
Model supported by PSSE without TA ,TB lead/lag block and with K S4 = 1
VSTMAX
K S4
A+sTA
1+sTB
19
VST
VSTMIN
StabilizerPSS2B
Stabilizer PSS2B
IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
VS1M AX
VS1
sTW1
1+sTW1
1
1+sT6
sTW2
1+sTW2
7
+
VS1M IN
1+sT8
M
(1+sT9 )
9
VS2
sTW3
1+sTW3
sTW4
1+sTW4
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT2
20
1+sT3
1+sT4
1+sT10
1+sT11
18
K S3
VS2M AX
K S2
1+sT7
VS2M IN
States
1 - WOTW1
11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2
12 - RampFilter4
3 - Transducer1
13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3
14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Transducer2
16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1
17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2
18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1
19 - LLGEOnly
10 - RampFilter2 20 - LL3
Model supported by PSSE without TA ,TB lead/lag block and with K S4 = 1
VSTMAX
K S4
A+sTA
1+sTB
19
VSTMIN
VST
StabilizerPSSSB
Stabilizer PSSSB
IEEE PSS2A Dual-Input Stabilizer Plus Voltage Boost Signal
Transient Stabilizer and Vcutoff
Input 1
sTW1
1+sTW1
1
1+sT6
sTW2
1+sTW2
K S3
4
Input 2
sTW3
1+sTW3
sTW4
1+sTW4
1+sT8
M
(1+sT9 )
9
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT2
1+sT3
1+sT4
VT >Vcutoff
VSTMIN
K S2
1+sT7
3 - Transducer1
13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3
5 - WOTW4
14 - RampFilter6
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Transducer2
16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1
8 - LL2
17 - RampFilter9
18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1
19 - TransducerTEB
0
+
States
11 - RampFilter3
12 - RampFilter4
VSTMAX
K S4
1 - WOTW1
2 - WOTW2
VT =VT0 -VT
18
19
10 - RampFilter2 20 - WOTEB
1
1+sTd1
VK
1
Sw 1
20
sTd2
1+sTd2
Vtl
0
V cutoff
VST
StabilizerPTIST1
Stabilizer PTIST1
PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer
1
Ms
1+sTF
P'M +
1
1+sTP
K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 )
(1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )
Tap
Selection
Table
Et
Pe on machine MVA base
VST
StabilizerPTIST3
Stabilizer PTIST3
PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer
Ms
1+sTF
P'M +
1
1+sTP
K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 )
(1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )
(A 0 +A1s+A 2s 2 )(A 3 +A 4s+A 5s 2 )

(B0 +B1s+B2s 2 )(B3 +B4s+B5s 2 )
1+sT5
1+sT6
Pe on machine MVA base

1
DL
Sw itch = 0
Averaging
Function
DL
Limit
Function
AL
Sw itch = 1
AL
Tap
Selection
Table
Et
+
VST
StabilizerST2CUT
Stabilizer ST2CUT
Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1
K1
1+sT1
Input Signal #2
K2
1+sT2
sT3
1+sT4
1+sT7
1+sT8
1+sT5
1+sT6
L SM AX
L SM IN
VSS
VS = VSS
1+sT9
1+sT10
Output Limiter
if (VCU +VTO >VT >VCL +VTO )
VS = 0 if (VT < VTO +VCL )

VS = 0 if (VCT > VTO +VCU )
VTO = initial terminal voltage
VT = terminal voltage
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
3 - Washout
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
VST
StabilizerSTAB1
Stabilizer STAB1
Speed-Sensitive Stabilizing Model
Speed (pu)
Ks
1+sT
1+sT1
1+sT3
1+sT2
1+sT4
H LIM
VST
-H LIM
States
1 - Washout
2 - Lead-lag 1
3 - Lead-lag 2
StabilizerSTAB2A
Stabilizer STAB2A
K3
1+sT3
Pe on machine
MVA base
K sT
2 2
1+sT2
1
States
1 - Input State 1
2 - Input State 2
3 - Input State 3
4 - T3
5 - Output State 1
6 - Output State 2
4
+
K4
K5
1+sT5
5
H LIM
VST
-H LIM
StabilizerSTAB3
Stabilizer STAB3
Pref
Pe on machine
MVA base
1
1+sTt
1
+
VLIM
1
1+sTX1
-sK X
1+sTX2
VST
-VLIM
States
1 - Int Tt
2 - Int TX1
StabilizerSTAB4
Stabilizer STAB4
Power-Sensitive Stabilizer
Pref
Pe on machine
MVA base
1
1+sTt
1
+
sK X
1+sTX2
1+sTa
1+sTX1
1+sTb
1+sTc
1
1+sTd
L2
1
1+sTe
VST
L1
States
1 - Input
2 - Reset
3 - LL1
4 - LL2
5 - Td
StabilizerSTBSVC
Stabilizer STBSVC
WECC Supplementary Signal for Static var Compensator
Input Signal #1
1+sTS8
1+sTS9
K S1
1+sTS7
5
+
Input Signal #2
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - LL1
3 - Transducer2
4 - LL2
5 - W ashout
K S2
1+sTS10
1+sTS11
1+sTS12
sTS13
KS3
1+sTS14
VSCS
K S3
VST
-VSCS
StabilizerWSCCST
Stabilizer WSCCST
WSCC Power System Stabilizer
VT0
VT
f(U)
States
K qv
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
1+sTqv
sT2
1+sT2
1
1+sT1
3 - W ashoutTq
K qs
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
'
s
6 - LL3
Kt
signal j
speed 1
accpw 2
freq
3
1
1+sTqs
sT3
1+sT3
s
1+sT4
VT =VT0 -VT
0
VSMAX
sTq
1+sTq
1+sTq1'
1+sTq1
1+sTq2'
1+sTq2
1+sTq3'
1+sTq3
VSLOW
0
VK
Sw 1
Blocks in gray have not been implemented in Simulator
1
1+sTd1
sTd2
1+sTd2
Vtl
0
V cutoff
VT >Vcutoff
VS
StabilizerWT12A1andWT1P
Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P
Pseudo Governor Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Turbines
Speed
KP
+
ref
Pgen
1
1+sTPE
K droop
Pref
States
1 - Pgen
2 - KI
3 - T1
4 - Pmech
WT12A1 supported by PSSE with K I =
WT1P supported by PSLF
1
TI
PI MAX
1
1+sT1
KI
1
s
PI MIN
2
1
1+sT2
Pmech
StabilizerWT3PandWT3P1
Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1
Pitch Control Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Theta MAX
RTheta MAX
+
K PC +
Pset
K IC
s
1
sTP
T heta M IN
ref
PORD
K
K PP + IP
s
Theta M AX
-RTheta MAX
T heta M IN
States
1 - Pitch
2 - PitchControl
3 - PitchComp
WT3P supported by PSLF
TP =TPI , Theta MAX =PI MAX , Theta MIN =PI MIN , and RTheta MAX = PIRATE
WT3P1 supported by PSSE with no non-windup limits on pitch control
Pitch

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Block Diagrams GENSAL

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ExciterAC7BandESAC7B

Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

1 - EField before limit

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

1 - EField before limit

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

1 - EField before limit

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

1 - EField before limit

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

No block diagrams have been created

Alternate OEL Inputs

Alternate UEL Inputs

sKF (1+ sTF3 )

If exclim <> 0 then 0 else unlimited

(1+ sTC )(1+ sTC1 )

Converter Current Limit

If field current limiter is included, VEMAX is off.

Reference Signal M odel

Model supported by PSSE

Output =1 if level exceeded

Model supported by PSSE

Field Current Lim iter M odel

Model supported by PSSE

( K L1VC +VS +VREF -VC -VF )

1 - EField before limit

Model supported by PSLF but not yet implemented in Simulator

Model supported by PSLF

Model supported by PSSE

Q ORD from separate model

From Wind Turbine Model

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator

* If T RH equals zero, block becom es

(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 )

F= [1.0 + F1IMF (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )

(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 )

F= [1.0 + F1IMP (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )

Exciter Field Current Regulator

Model supported by PSSE

Alternate OEL Inputs

Alternate UEL Inputs

ST7B supported by PSSE

Pow er-Slip C urve

Active Pow er (Torque) Control M odel

Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

Model supported by PSSE

K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )

1, if VERR > VOV

Model supported by PSSE

K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )

1, if VERR > VOV

Model supported by PSSE