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4.1
4.1.1
60
60
,n
,n
Where the generator is impedance earthed and the maximum secondary earth fault
current is less than ,n then the CT knee point voltage requirements are:
For phase-phase, 3 phase faults
Vk t 25,n (Rct + RL + Rr) with a minimum of
60
60
,n
,n
<5In
Vk t 40,n (Rct + RL + Rr) with a minimum of
60
,n
Where:
Vk
P34x/EN AP/K96
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:)
If
For Class-X current transformers, the excitation current at the calculated kneepoint
voltage requirement should be less than 2.5 ,n (<5% of the maximum perspective fault
current 50 ,n, on which these CT requirements are based). For IEC standard protection
class current transformers, it should be ensured that class 5P are used.
4.1.2
Vs
VK
2 * ,s1 * Rs = 2 Vs
Where:
Rs
,f
VK
,S1
RCT
RL
Vs
Stability voltage
4.2
4.2.1
60
,n
<10 In
Vk t 30,n (Rct + 2RL + Rr) with a minimum of
60
,n
60
,n
Where the generator is impedance earthed and the maximum secondary earth fault
current is less than ,n then the CT knee point voltage requirements are:
For phase-phase, 3 phase faults
Vk t 25,n (Rct + RL + Rr) with a minimum of
60
,n
P34x/EN AP/K96
60
,n
5 In
Vk t 40,n (Rct + RL + Rr) with a minimum of
60
,n
Where:
Vk
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:)
If
For Class-X current transformers, the excitation current at the calculated kneepoint
voltage requirement should be less than 2.5 ,n (<5% of the maximum perspective fault
current 50 ,n, on which these CT requirements are based). For IEC standard protection
class current transformers, make sure that class 5P are used.
4.3
Where:
Vk
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:)
For class-X current transformers, the excitation current at the calculated kneepoint
voltage requirement should be less than 1.0 ,n. For IEC standard protection class current
transformers, make sure that class 5P are used.
P34x/EN AP/K96
4.4
4.4.1
Where:
Vk
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:).
For class-X current transformers, the excitation current at the calculated kneepoint
voltage requirement should be less than 0.3 ,n (<5% of the maximum perspective fault
current 20 ,n, on which these CT requirements are based). For IEC standard protection
class current transformers, make sure that class 5P are used.
4.4.2
>
Where:
Vk
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:)
Note
N should not be greater than 2. The core balance current transformer ratio
should be selected accordingly.
P34x/EN AP/K96
4.5
4.5.1
The earth fault ,n current input is used by the stator earth fault protection function.
4.5.2
Where:
VK
,cn
,sn
RCT
RL
Rrn
4.6
4.6.1
Low Impedance
VK
VK
Where:
Vk
VK
VA x ALF
,n
+ ALF x ,n x Rct
,n
RCT
RL
,f
4.6.2
High Impedance
The High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault element shall maintain stability for through
faults and operate in less than 40 ms for internal faults provided the following equations
are met in determining CT requirements and the value of the associated stabilizing
resistor:
Rs
P34x/EN AP/K96
Vs
VK
4 * ,s1 * Rs = 4 Vs
Where:
Rs
4.7
,f
VK
,S1
RCT
RL
Vs
Stability voltage
4.7.1
4.7.2
For low Power settings (<3%Pn), the ,n Sensitive current input of the P34x should be
driven by a correctly loaded metering class current transformer. The current transformer
accuracy class will be dependent on the reverse power and low forward power sensitivity
required. The table below indicates the metering class current transformer required for
various power settings below 3%Pn.
To correctly load the current transformer, its VA rating should match the VA burden (at
rated current) of the external secondary circuit through which it is required to drive
current. Use of the P34x sensitive power phase shift compensation feature will help in
this situation.
Reverse and low forward power settings %Pn
0.5
Metering CT class
0.1
0.6
0.8
0.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0.5
1.8
2.0
P34x/EN AP/K96
Metering CT class
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
1.0
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.1.1
It has been assumed that the 100% stator earth fault protection function will only be
applied when the stator earth fault current is limited to <2x rated current or less as the
linear range of the sensitive current input is 2 In. The required minimum kneepoint
voltage is:
Vk
Where:
Vk
,n
Rct
RL
Rr
(:).
fn
Hz)
For class-X current transformers, the excitation current at the calculated kneepoint
voltage requirement should be less than 0.1 ,n (<5% of the maximum perspective fault
current 2 ,n, on which these CT requirements are based). For IEC standard protection
class current transformers, it should be ensured that class 5P is used; a 15 VA 5P10 CT
will be adequate for most applications.
4.8.1.2
4.8.2
Earthing Transformers
To prevent the secondary load resistance from becoming too small (it should be > 0.5
:!! where possible) a high secondary voltage, such as 500 V, should be chosen for the
neutral or earthing transformer.
It is important that the earthing transformer never becomes saturated otherwise
ferroresonance may occur. It is sufficient that the transformer knee point voltage be
equal to the generator rated line voltage, Vn.
P34x/EN AP/K96
4.8.2.1
4.9
VA x ALF
,n
+ ALF x ,n x Rct
Where:
Vk
VA
ALF =
,n
Rct
If Rct is not available, then the second term in the above equation can be ignored.
+ 10 x 5 x 0.2
5
=
15 x 10
40 V
P34x/EN AP/K96
4.10
Where:
Vc
Vk
,n
RCT
ALF =
class
The CT accuracy limit factor, the rated dynamic current output of a "C"
CT (Kssc) is always 20 x In
The IEC accuracy limit factor is identical to the 20 times secondary current ANSI/IEEE
rating.
Therefore:
Vc
P34x/EN AP/K96