Apostila de Ingls

1 Ano __

Aluno
(a) : .....................................................................................................
.......................................

Time
7:00
7:50
8:40

Monday

School schedule
Tuesdey
Wednesday
Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Break
9:45
10:35
Provas e Trabalhos
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Data

Nota

Faltas

INTRODUO

In order to succeed, your

desire for success should be
greater than your fear of
failure.
Bill Cosby
Car@s alun@s, esta apostila foi desenvolvida especialmente para vocs
por mim, Prof. Aline Midori Takahara. Para tanto, contei com a ajuda de livros e
gramticas da lngua inglesa e, claro, como no poderia deixar de ser, do Google.
Os contedos (dispostos logo aps essa introduo) seguem os Referenciais
Curriculares da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Mato Grosso do Sul, disponveis no
site da Secretaria de Educao do Estado de MS e tambm na escola.
Leiam, agora, alguns avisos e lembretes importantes:
Copiem os horrios de aula na tabela da folha anterior e nunca se
esqueam de trazer a apostila nas aulas de ingls;
Cuidem bem da apostila. Lembrem-se: ela deve durar o ano todo;
Registrem as datas de provas, trabalhos e tarefas para no se esquecerem
de faz-los;
Utilizem a tabela da pgina anterior para fazer o controle de notas e faltas;
Os vistos so importantes e ajudam na composio da nota bimestral,
portanto, faam suas atividades em tempo e no se esqueam de exigilos na sua apostila;
Vocs no devolvero os livros at o final do ano. Eles sero utilizados
como material de apoio para as aulas. Eu avisarei quando vocs tiverem
que traz-los;
Vocs ainda tero que copiar algumas coisas do quadro (poucas, no se
preocupem), por isso mantenham seus cadernos de ingls entre seus
materiais. Eu continuarei entregando exerccios impressos para que vocs
faam e colem nos cadernos com os respectivos vistos;
Eventualmente, em virtude do tempo e do grau de dificuldade, alguns
contedos podem ser deixados de lado ou podem no vir a ser abordados
em sala de aula.

Thats all folks!

With my best wishes,

Teacher

Aline Midori Takahara

Sumrio

1 BIMESTRE.................................................................................................... 5
1.1

LINGUISTIC ASPECTS.................................................................................. 5

1.1.1

Reading Strategies..............................................................................5

1.1.2

Personal Pronouns............................................................................... 9

1.1.3 Verb to be - affirmative, negative and interrogative forms (Present

and Past)........................................................................................................ 11
1.1.4

Articles - definite and indefinite.........................................................19

1.1.5

Demonstratives Pronouns - this/these; that/those.............................20

1.1.6

Interrogative words - who, where, what, when, how, which, etc.......22

1.2

COMUNICATIVE FUNCTION.......................................................................24

1.2.1
2

Present yourself: name, surname, nickname, age, etc......................24

2 BIMESTRE.................................................................................................. 25
2.1

LINGUISTC ASPECTS................................................................................. 25

2.1.1

Simple Present - affirmative, negative and interrogative forms........25

2.1.2

Object Pronouns................................................................................ 28

2.1.3

The Imperative Form.........................................................................29

2.1.4 Quantifiers - much, too much, many, too many, very, very much, so,
so much, etc.................................................................................................. 31
2.1.5
forms
3

Present Continuous Tense - affirmative, negative and interrogative

35

3 BIMESTRE.................................................................................................. 38
3.1

LINGUISTIC ASPECTS................................................................................ 38

3.1.1 Simple Past Tense - regular and irregular verbs - affirmative, negative
and interrogative forms.................................................................................. 38

3.1.2

Preferences (like, dislikes).................................................................44

3.1.3

Plural of nouns................................................................................... 47

3.1.4

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns..................................................49

3.1.5

Past Continuous Tense.......................................................................52

4 BIMESTRE.................................................................................................. 54
4.1

LINGUISTIC ASPECTS................................................................................ 54

4.1.1

Simple Future Tense - affirmative, negative and interrogative forms 54

4.1.2

Indefinite Pronouns: some, any & no (and their compounds)............56

4.1.3

Using would to make requests, invitations and offerings...............59

1 BIMESTRE

1.1 LINGUISTIC ASPECTS

1.1.1 Reading Strategies
H diversos modos de se ler um texto por isso interessante montar uma
reading strategy (estratgia de leitura) de acordo com o texto que se l e
escolher a tcnica de leitura que melhor se adapte ao seu propsito. Para
entender um texto e conseguir responder corretamente as questes propostas,
voc poder escolher entre tcnicas de fast reading (leitura rpida) ou
intensive reading (leitura mais detalhada).

Fast Reading Techniques:

a) skimming: leitura rpida do texto para buscar a ideia principal ou ideias

principais. Use esta tcnica, por exemplo, se no tiver sobrado muito tempo para
ler o texto mais profundamente.
b) scanning: leitura rpida em busca de uma ideia especfica. Como um
scanner faz com um texto que queira copiar, voc dever selecionar uma
informao especifica e nela concentrar-se.

Intensive Reading Skills

c) intensive reading: deve ser usada com os textos mais complexos, com a
finalidade de entend-lo mais detalhadamente. Com a utilizao dessa tcnica
voc ir em busca de:

c.1)stated ideas: quando o examinador formula uma questo em que caber a

voc buscar ideias claramente expressas pelo autor do texto. So comuns os
seguintes enunciados:
The author affirms / states / says that, Its clearly expressed / mentioned
in the text etc.
c.2) implied ideas:quando o examinador formula uma questo para voc
buscar ideia(s) sugerida(s) pelo autor do texto. Ateno para enunciados do tipo:
The author suggests / implies that / Its implicit that etc.
c.3) inferred ideas: quando o examinador pretende que voc tire sua prpria
concluso para chegar melhor resposta. Neste caso a informao, objeto da
questo proposta, no est expressa no texto. Ateno para os seguintes
enunciados e assemelhados: You / We may infer /conclude that, Although
its not clearly stated in the text one may conclude / infer that etc.

Se voc, assim como a grande maioria dos mais de 7 milhes de

estudantes, escolher a lngua inglesa como opo de LE, este artigo para
voc!
Antes de mais nada preciso entender que, assim como as questes das
outras reas do Enem, itens de LE possuem diferentes nveis de dificuldade e
so, na sua maioria, essencialmente interpretativos, podendo trazer textos,
imagens, charges etc. O diferencial que alm da capacidade de interpretao,
nestes casos tambm ser exigido do candidato conhecimentos mnimos
relacionados a lngua estrangeira escolhida, o ingls no caso.
Vejamos abaixo um exemplo de questo de ingls que caiu na prova de
Linguagens e Cdigos do Enem 2011, resolvida e comentada.

Questo Enem 2011

Hows your mood?

For an interesting attempt to measure cause and effect try Mappiness, a project
run by the London School of Economics, which offers a phone app that prompts
you to record your mood and situation.
The Mappiness website says: Were particularly interested in how peoples
happiness is affected by their local environment air pollution, noise, green
spaces, and so on which the data from Mappiness will be absolutely great for
investigating.
Will it work? With enough people it might. But there are other problems. Weve
been using happiness and wellbeing interchangeably. Is that ok? The difference
comes out in a sentiment like: We were happier during the war.
But was our well-being also greater then?
O projeto Mappiness, idealizado pela London School of Economics, ocupa-se do
tema relacionado:
A) ao nvel de felicidade das pessoas em tempos de guerra.
B) a dificuldade de medir o nvel de felicidade das pessoas a partir de seu humor.
C) ao nvel de felicidade das pessoas enquanto falam ao celular com seus
familiares.
D) relao entre o nvel de felicidade das pessoas e o ambiente no qual se
encontram.
E) influncia das imagens grafitadas pelas ruas no aumento do nvel de
felicidade das pessoas.

RESOLUO E COMENTRIOS
Traduo livre do texto referente questo
Como est seu humor?

Por uma tentativa interessante de medir causa e efeito, experimente Mappiness,

um projeto gerido pela Escola de Economia de Londres que oferece um aplicativo
de telefone que registra seu humor e situao.
A pgina de internet do Mappiness diz: Ns estamos muito interessados em
como a felicidade das pessoas afetada pelo ambiente em que ela se encontra
poluio do ar, barulho, rea verde, etc assim os dados do Mappiness se
tornam absolutamente interessantes para anlise.
Isto vai funcionar? Com um nmero suficiente de pessoas, pode ser que sim. Mas
existem outros problemas. Ns temos considerado felicidade e bem-estar como
um fator comum. Isso est certo? A diferena se apresenta desta forma: Ns
ramos mais felizes durante a guerra.
Mas nosso bem-estar tambm era maior naquela poca?

Alternativa D
O tema central do texto encontra-se na segunda linha do segundo pargrafo, que
responde esta questo com fidelidade. Atente-se para: how peoples happiness
is affected by their local environment (como a felicidade das pessoas afetada
pelo ambiente). A alternativa C leva os apressadinhos at a palavra PHONE no
texto e as ilustraes levam os sem-tempo ou sem-ingls at a alternativa E. As
outras poderiam ter sido excludas pelo bom-senso.
Repare que esta questo, apesar de trazer um texto que exige vocabulrio
razovel, poderia ser respondida corretamente mesmo por aquele candidato que
possui conhecimentos bsicos da lngua inglesa. Nesse sentido, ressaltamos 3
dicas que valem para esta e outras questes de lngua estrangeira no Enem:

Sempre leia o enunciado e as alternativas antes do texto. Muitas

vezes, como no exemplo acima, a questo pede a ideia ou tema central do
texto, ou algum dado especfico. Quando l o enunciado primeiro voc j faz a
leitura mais atenta buscando a resposta, evitando a perda de tempo de reler o
texto. Alm disso, a leitura das alternativas, que sempre estaro em portugus,
j ajuda o candidato a ter uma ideia geral do que se trata o texto;

Procure utilizar tcnicas de ingls instrumental para identificar

certas palavras, especialmente se o seu vocabulrio foir bsico e bem
limitado. Uma boa estratgia definir quais so as palavras chave no texto e
tentar deduzi-las pela ideia geral do mesmo. Conforme dito na dica anterior,
uma boa olhada nas alternativas pode ajudar a traduzir tais palavras;

No se esquea da estratgia de eliminao de alternativas, na

qual voc reduz a chance de erros e ganha tempo. Na questo usada com
exemplo, as alternativas C e E no faziam o menor sentido perante o tema
do texto, e poderiam ser descartadas por esta tcnica.
Tenha em mente que, apesar de haverem apenas 5 questes de LE no Enem,
estes pontos so preciosos e podem fazer toda a diferena na disputa por uma
vaga na universidade.

INTERPRETAO DE TEXTO - CHARLIE CHAPLIN

Charlie Chaplin was one of the famous stars in the history of the cinema. He was
certainly the most famous comic actor of the cinema. His first films were in the
age of silent movies. He wrote and directed nearly all of his films and composed
the music of all his sound pictures.
Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in 1889 in London. His family was poor and he
had a hard childhood. In 1890 he left Britain for the USA, in 1914 he made his
first film. In his films he created the character of a little man who always faced
life with courage.
Chaplin was married four times, he had four kids. In 1952 he left the USA with his
family and lived in Switzerland until his death.

Responda em ingls ou portugus:

1.Who was Charlie Chaplin?

2. What kind of actor was he?

3. Did he write and direct all his films?

4. Who composed the music of all his sound pictures?

5. When was he born?

6. Where was he born?

7. Was Charlie Chaplins`s family rich?

8. What was his childhood like?

9. Did he leave England for the USA in 1914?

10. How many times was he married?

11. Did he have three kids?

12. When did he leave the USA?

13. Where did he die?

1.1.2 Personal Pronouns

Os pronomes I, you, he, she, it, we, you e they so chamados de

pronomes sujeito porque so usados como sujeito da orao. Para identificar o
sujeito de uma orao, s perguntar o qu ou quem pratica a ao. Veja na
tabela abaixo os pronomes correspondentes a eu, voc, ele, ela, ns, vocs,
eles e elas:

em ingls

em portugus

I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they

eu
voc
ele
ela
ele, ela
ns, a gente
vocs
eles, elas

Observaes: o pronome I fica sempre em letra maiscula. It uma

palavra (ou um pronome sujeito) usado para "coisas" inanimadas, ou situaes,
ou para animais. comum at que pessoas se refiram a um beb ainda em
gestao como it, antes de saberem se menino ou menina. Por exemplo, se
virmos um cachorro na rua podemos dizer It's big! (Ele/Ela grande!)

Exercises
A. Complete with the subject personal pronoun
1. My name is Sue. (Sue) _________ am English. And this is my family.
2. My mums name is Angie. (Angie) _________ is from Germany.
3. Bob is my dad. (My dad) _________ is a waiter.
4. On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) _________ is my brother.
5. (Sue and Simon) _________ are twins.
6. Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy) _________ is two years old.
7. (Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) _________ live in Canterbury.

8. (Canterbury) _________ is not far from London.

9. My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) _________ often come and
see us.
10. What can _________ tell me about your family?

1.1.3 Verb to be - affirmative, negative and interrogative forms (Present

and Past)

O verbo to be significa ser e estar em portugus e, alm desses dois

significados, este verbo muito usado no sentido de ficar (tornar-se). Usa-se o
verbo to be:

1. Para identificar e descrever pessoas e objetos:

Richard is my friend. (Ricardo meu amigo.)

I am Italian. (Eu sou Italiano.)
I'm from Spain. (Eu sou da
Espanha.)
It is a computer. (Isto um
computador.)
They will be at the club waiting for me. (Eles estaro no clube esperando por
mim.)
They are French actors. (Eles so atores franceses.)
Your mother will be very happy if you tell the truth. (Sua me ficar muito feliz
se voc falar a verdade.)
I will be very grateful to you. (Eu ficarei muito grato a voc.)
Is she your sister? (Ela sua irm?)

2. Nas expresses de tempo, idade* e lugar:

It was raining this morning. (Hoje de

manh estava chovendo.)
It is sunny today. (Hoje o dia est ensolarado.)
I am twenty years old. (Tenho vinte anos.)
We are spending our vacation in San
Francisco.
(Estamos passando nossas frias em So
Francisco.)
Rachel is four years older than me.
(Raquel quatro anos mais velha do que
eu.)
*OBSERVAO: Nas expresses que se referem a idades o verbo to
be equivale ao verbo ter, em Portugus.

O Simple Present o equivalente, na lngua inglesa, ao Presente do

Indicativo, na lngua portuguesa.

- FORMAS:
Vejamos, a seguir, as formas do Simple Present (Presente Simples) do
verbo to be. Na 1 coluna encontra-se a form
a sem contrao e, na 2, mostro a forma contrada. A forma interrogativa
no possui contrao:

1 - AFFIRMATIVE FORM / FORMA AFIRMATIVA:

Forma Sem

Forma

Contrao

Contrada

I am

I'm

You are

You're

He is

He's

She is

She's

It is

It's

We are

We're

You are

You're

They are

They're

2 - NEGATIVE FORM / FORMA NEGATIVA:

Forma Sem
Contrao

Forma Contrada

I am not

---x---

You are not

You aren't

He is not

He isn't

She is not

She isn't

It is not

It isn't

We are not

We aren't

You are not

You aren't

They are not

They aren't

3 - INTERROGATIVE FORM / FORMA INTERROGATIVA:

Forma Sem
Contrao

Forma Contrada

am I?

---x---

are you?

---x---

is he?

---x---

is she?

---x---

is it?

---x---

are we?

---x---

are you?

---x---

are they?

---x---

Exercises

A. Make sentences with be using the short forms (choose

positive, negative or question):
1. (he / be / French)
_____Hes French__________________________________________________

2. (we / not / be / cold)

_____We arent cold_______________________________________________

3. (he / be / a footballer?)
_____Is he a footballer?___________________________________________

4. (where / be / John?)
_____Wheres John?_______________________________________________

5. (we / be / German)
__________________________________________________________________
6. (he / not / be / a journalist)
__________________________________________________________________
7. (we / not / be / singers)
__________________________________________________________________
8. (you / be / a nurse?)
__________________________________________________________________
9. (they / be / from Libya)
__________________________________________________________________
10. (where / be / David?)
__________________________________________________________________
11. (how / be / your mother?)
__________________________________________________________________
12. (we / be / thirsty)

__________________________________________________________________
13. (how long / be / the film?)
__________________________________________________________________
14. (how often / be / you in London?)
__________________________________________________________________
15. (he / be / handsome)
__________________________________________________________________
16. (I / not / be / English)
__________________________________________________________________
17. (you / not / be / a doctor)
__________________________________________________________________
18. (she / not / be / Italian)
__________________________________________________________________
19. (he / be / my brother)
__________________________________________________________________
20. (you / not / be / Egyptian)
__________________________________________________________________

Veremos, a seguir, as formas do Simple Past (Passado Simples) do

verbo to be. As formas afirmativas e interrogativas do Simple Past no possuem
contrao; a forma negativa organizada da seguinte maneira: na 1 coluna
encontra-se a forma sem contrao e na 2, mostro a forma contrada:
1 - AFFIRMATIVE FORM / FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
Forma Sem
Contrao

Forma Contrada

I was

---x---

You were

---x---

He was

---x---

She was

---x---

It was

---x---

We were

---x---

You were

---x---

They were

---x---

2 - NEGATIVE FORM / FORMA NEGATIVA:

Forma Sem
Contrao

Forma Contrada

I was not

I wasn't

You were not

You weren't

He was not

He wasn't

She was not

She wasn't

It was not

It wasn't

We were not

We weren't

You were not

You weren't

They were not

They weren't

3 - INTERROGATIVE FORM / FORMA INTERROGATIVA:

Forma Sem
Contrao

Forma Contrada

was I?

---x---

were you?

---x---

was he?

---x---

was she?

---x---

was it?

---x---

were we?

---x---

were you?

---x---

were they?

---x---

Exercises
B. Make the past simple (use positive / negative or question):

1. (I / be / at the cinema last night.)

__________________________________________________________________
2. (the children / be / naughty?)
__________________________________________________________________
3. (we / be / in a cafe when you called.)
__________________________________________________________________
4. (I / be / late?)
__________________________________________________________________
5. (she / be / a teacher when she was young.)
__________________________________________________________________
6. (where / we / be?)
__________________________________________________________________
7. (you / be / okay?)
__________________________________________________________________
8. (we / be / too tired?)
__________________________________________________________________
9. (how / the party / be?)
__________________________________________________________________
10. (they / be / late for the interview.)
__________________________________________________________________
11. (you / be / in the garden.)
__________________________________________________________________
12. (what / his name / be?)
__________________________________________________________________
13. (it / not / be / cold.)
__________________________________________________________________

14. (she / be / beautiful?)

__________________________________________________________________
15. (she / not / be my wife at the time.)
__________________________________________________________________
16. (he / be / hungry.)
__________________________________________________________________
17. (why / you / be / late?)
__________________________________________________________________
18. (you / not / be / early.)
__________________________________________________________________
19. (they not / be / in love.)
__________________________________________________________________
20. (we / not / be / in China.)
__________________________________________________________________

Exercise C Complete com o verbo to be no presente ou no passado:

a) Today the weather ___________ great, but last week it ___________ awful.
b) Tony and I ___________ so hungry last night!

c) Where ___________ she last night?

d) - ___________Mike and Tom in town?
- I don't think so. I called them several times this week, but nobody ___________
home.
e) Sonia ___________ 23 last year, so now she 24.
f) Where ___________ your brothers?
- I don't know. They ___________ in the pool fifteen minutes ago.
g) These shirts ___________ so expensive! The ones I saw last week ___________
cheaper.
h) Mike ___________ at the club this morning. Right now he ___________ in school.

i) Tina, Arthur and Jake ___________ in Paris today. Just yesterday they ___________
in Berlin.
j) - Oh! This tomato ___________ rotten!
- Really? It ___________ good yesterday.

1.1.4 Articles - definite and indefinite

Artigo definido the (o, a, os, as)

Ex.: The boy = O menino. The girl = A menina.
The cowboys = Os vaqueiros. The dogs = Os cachorros.

Artigo indefinido - a (um, uma); an (um, uma).

A usado no singular diante de palavras que comeam com som de consoante.
Ex.: A girl = Uma menina. A boy = Um menino A hospital /rspital/.

AN usado no singular diante de palavras que comeam com vogal e com a

letra h no pronunciada.
Ex.: An apple = Uma ma. An orange = Uma laranja.
An hour ago. = Uma hora atrs. ( assim o som da palavra hour = /auer/ ).

Exercises

A. Preencha os espaos em branco usando "the", "a" ou "an"

adequadamente.

1. There is______ excellent doctor in______hospital I know.

2. He is_______university student.
3. We are_________champions.
4. It is_____honor for me to be here.

5. I'll be back in_________hour.

6. I think this is_____end of_____story.
7. Are you______manager of this company?
8. He is________good father.
9. She is________great friend.
10. We are from ______USA.

B. Marque a resposta correta:

1. (FMU) "I want ___ one-dollar bill to buy ___ envelope and ___ useful book", said
___ boy who has just arrived.
a) the - an - an - an
b) an - an - an - the
c) an - a - a - a
d) the - the - the - an
e) a - an - a the
2. (UFRGS) Choose the alternative which is not correct:
a) An excellent idea
b) An one-armed man
c) A new perspective
d) A universe to be discovered
e) Another ewer was broken.
3. (FMU-SP)Fill in the blanks with the correct answers: ___ Mary's brother
doesn't play ___ soccer but he plays ___ guitar and ___ drums.
a) The - the - the - X
b) X - X - X - the
c) X - the - X - X
d) X - X - the - the
e) The - X - X - the
1.1.5 Demonstratives Pronouns - this/these; that/those

This, that, these e those so palavras usadas no ingls de maneira similar

que usamos o grupo de palavras isso, aquele, essas, aquelas, etc., ou seja,
quando queremos demonstrar ou especificar algo/algum com relao
distncia no espao ou tempo.

This e these referem-se a algo ou algum prximo no espao ou no

tempo.
This corresponde a isso, esse(a) ou este(a):
This ruler is orange. [Essa rgua laranja]
This is a ruler. [Isso uma rgua]
These a forma plural de this:
These pencils are yellow. [Esses lpis so amarelos]
These are yellow pencils. [Esses so lpis amarelos]
That e those referem-se a algo ou algum distante no espao ou
no tempo.
That usado, quase sempre, como aquilo/aquele(a).
That wallet is brown. [Aquela carteira marrom]
That is a brown wallet. [Aquela uma carteira marrom.]
Those a forma plural de that:
Those books are blue. [Aqueles livros so azuis]
Those are blue books. [Aqueles so livros azuis.]

This e that tambm so usados de vrias outras maneiras: por exemplo,

antes de substantivos, como no portugus.
This ruler is orange. [Essa rgua laranja.]
That wallet is brown. [Aquela carteira marrom.]
These pencils are yellow. [Esses lpis so amarelos.]
Those books are blue. [Aqueles livros so azuis.]

Exercises

A. Use `this or `these

1. Is _________ my drink?
2. _________ arent my trainers.

3. Is _________ an interesting
museum.
4. _________ are new bikes.
5. _________ is my house.

6. _________ is a hill.

B. Use that ou those:

7. _________ are donkeys.

16. _________ are my jewels.

8. What is _________?

17. _________ is the church of my

town.

9. Did you drop _________?

18. _________ are my fathers book.
10. Hi, Jane! _________ is Michael.
19. _________ is Ajaxs stadium.
11. _________ James bike.
20. _________ is my bag.
12. _________ are his children.
21. Is _________ my TV?
13. _________ are his sisters children.
22. Are _________ your watches.
14. _________ is Pete.
23. I like _________ clown.
15. _________ is my restaurant.
24. _________ boys are American.
25. _________ is my money.

1.1.6 Interrogative words - who, where, what, when, how, which, etc.

What

O que, qual

When

Quando

Where

Onde

Why

Por que?

Who

Quem (sujeito)

Whom

Quem (usado aps preposio e no objeto da frase)

Which

Qual (das opes)

Whos

De quem?

Como

How
Expresses formadas com how:

How many

Quantos (contveis)

How much

Quantos (incontveis)

How old

Quantos anos?

How long

Quanto tempo?

How far

Qual a distncia?

How tall

Que altura?

How deep

Qual a profundidade?

How often

Qual a freqncia?

How big

Qual o tamanho?

Exemplos de frases interrogativas.

What is your occupation?

I am a Singer

When were you born?

On September 26, 1992.

Where do you live?

I live in Rio Preto

Why are you sad?

Because my dog is dead.

Who is that girl?

She is Mary.

Which of these horror films you like best?

Whose dress is that?

It is Marys

How are you?

I am fine, thanks.

I like the Hostel

Exemplos de frases com expresses formadas por how

How many Brothers do you have?

I have two brothers

How much is a match box?

It costs 55 cents

How old is your father?

He is 55 years old

How long does it take you to go to

It takes me 5 minutes.

school?

It is 3 kilometers far from here

How far is your house?

He is 1.70 meters

How tall is Tom?

It is 3.000 meters deep

How deep is the ocean?

Once a year.

How often do you go to The USA?

It is the biggest animal in our

How big is a whale?

planet.

Exercises
Fill in the blanks with intettogative words: who / whose / what / which / where /
when / why / how / how much / how many:
(Preencha as lacunas com palavras interrogativas: que / quem / o que / que /
onde / quando / por que / como / quanto / quantos:)
1) " __________ is your car?"

6) " __________ do you drink at

"It's in the garage."

dinner?"
"I drink water."

2) " __________ lives in the White

House?"

7) " __________ color do you prefer,

"The president of the United States

red or blue?"

lives there."

"I prefer red."

3) " __________ do you go to the

8) " __________ milk do you drink?"

beach?"

"I drink two glasses a day."

"On Saturdays."
9)

"

__________

cigaretts

do

4) " __________ pen is this?"

smoke?"

"It's mine."

"I smoke about ten a day."

5) " __________ are you today?"

10) " __________ do you smoke?"

"Very well, thank you."

"Because I am a fool."

you

1.2 COMUNICATIVE FUNCTION

1.2.1 Present yourself: name, surname, nickname, age, etc.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

My name is...
Let me introduce myself, I'm...
Im from Brazil
Im brazilian
I was born in Brazil
I live in...
Im a teacher
Im a lawyer
Im a doctor
Im thirty-three years old
Im single
Im married
13.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Meu nome ...

Deixe-me apresentar, eu sou...
Eu sou do Brazil
Eu sou brasileiro
Eu nasci no brazil
Eu moro em...
Eu sou um (a) professor (a)
Eu sou um (a) advogado (a)
Eu sou um (a) mdico (a)
Tenho trinta e tres anos de
idade

11.
12.

Eu sou solteiro (a)

Eu sou casado (a)

2 BIMESTRE
14.

2.1 LINGUISTC ASPECTS

15.
2.1.1 Simple Present - affirmative, negative and interrogative forms
16.
17.

O presente simples pode ser usado para expressar:

18.1- uma ao habitual, ou seja, aquilo que costumamos fazer

sempre:
19.I always leave home at 7:00. (Eu sempre saio de casa s 7h).
I never work on Sundays. (Eu nunca trabalho aos domingos).
20.2- uma verdade universal:
21.Babies cry. (Bebs choram).
Dogs bark. (Cachorros latem).

22.

O verbo To Do e suas conjugaes do e does so os dois

auxiliares do presente simples, e eles sempre devem ser usados em frases

negativas e interrogativas, conforme a tabela abaixo:
23.Negativas

41.Ex.:

24.Interrogativ
as

25.I do not / I dont

26.Do I ?

27.You do not / you dont

28.Do you ?

29.He does not / he doesnt

30.Does he.?

31.She does not / she doesnt

32.Does she?

33.It does not / it doesnt

34.Does it?

35.We do not / we dont

36.Do we?

37.You do not/ you dont

38.Do you ?

39.They do not / they dont

40.Do they...?

42.I dont have to work today. (Eu no tenho que trabalhar hoje).
She doesnt have to wash the dishes. (Ela no tem que lavar a loua).
They dont go to school on the weekends. (Eles no vo escola nos
finais de semana).
43.Do you generally wake up at seven? (Voc geralmente acorda s
7h?).
Does the dog bark a lot during the night? (O co late muito durante a
noite?).
Does he work as a waiter at that new restaurant? (Ele trabalha como
garom naquele novo restaurante?).
44.No necessrio o uso dos auxiliares do e does nas frases
afirmativas, no entanto, os verbos sofrem algumas alteraes nas
terceiras pessoas do singular (he, she, it). Como regra geral, deve-se
acrescentar um s no verbo para essas pessoas.
45.Ex.:
46.Mary lives downtown. (A Mary mora no centro da cidade).
Bob loves chocolate. (Bob ama chocolate).
Susans dog sleeps a lot during the day. (O cachorro da Susan dorme
muito durante o dia).
47.

No entanto, existem algumas excees que se referem s

terceiras pessoas do singular (he, she, it). So elas:

48.1- Quando o verbo terminar em y precedido de consoante, tira-se o
y e acrescenta-se ies.
49.Carol studies at a good college. (A Carol estuda numa boa
universidade).
Mom fries eggs in a pan. (Mame frita ovos numa panela).
50.2- Quando os verbos terminarem em ss, sh, ch, x e o,
acrescenta-se es.
51.Bob fixes everything at his house. (Bob conserta tudo na casa dele).
Daniel watches cartoon every morning. (Daniel assiste desenho todas
as manhs).

Every day after the meals, my mom washes the dishes. (Todo dia,
aps as refeies, minha me lava a loua).
Jack does his homework at night. (Jack faz seu dever de casa noite).
Cindy kisses her parents every day. (Cindy beija seus pais todos os
dias).
52.
53.
54.

Exercises

Change the verbs into the affirmative form of Simple

Present Tense:
55.1. I ________________________ you. ( to love)
56.2. This _____________________ 20 kilograms. (to weigh)
57.3. Ron _____________________ serious. (to seem)
58.4. We ______________________ tomatoes. (to like)
59.5. The boy __________________to play. (to want)
60.6. You _____________________ to sleep. (to need)
61.7. Thomas _________________ his car every Sunday. (to wash)
62.8. They never ____________________ with me. (to agree)
63.9. She _____________________something strange. (to hear)
64.10. The box _________________ food. (to contain)
65.
66.

2) Put the verbs into the negative form of Simple

Present Tense:
67.1. I usually _____________ to school. (to go)
68.2. They ________________us often. (to visit)
69.3. You _________________basketball once a week. (to play)
70.4. Tom _________________ every day. (to work)
71.5. He __________________ to tell us funny stories (to try)
72.6. She _________________ me with that! (to help)
73.7. Martha and Kevin ______________ twice a week. (to swim)
74.8. In this club people _________________ a lot. (to dance)

75.9. Linda _______________________ of her sister. (to take care)

76.10. John ______________________the country. (to leave)
77.
78.

3) Put in the correct verb forms into the gaps. Use

Simple Present.
79.1. _________________________________ mineral water? (you/to drink)
80.2. _________________________________their pets? (Sarah and Linda/ to
feed)
81.3. _________________________________ your homework? (your teacher/to
check)
82.4. _________________________________ in the old house? (they/to live)
83.5. _________________________________on the wall in the mornings? (the
cat/to sit)
84.6. _________________________________computer games? (Nina/to play)
85.7. _________________________________TV in the afternoon? (your
parents/to watch)
86.8. ________________________________the phone? (your grandmother/to
answer)
87.9. ________________________________the shopping? (Andy/to do)
88.10. ________________________________a cup of tea in the afternoon?
(Gary and Ken/to have)
89.
2.1.2 Object Pronouns
90.
91.

Os object pronouns possuem a funo de complementar o

verbo, substituindo algum objeto em uma frase, evitando a repetio.

Vejamos em um exemplo, a utilizao desses pronomes:
92.

I bought shoes and gave the shoes to my girlfriend (Eu

comprei sapatos e dei os sapatos para minha namorada). No est

estranho?

93.

O ideal seria: I bought shoes and gave them to my

girlfriend. (Eu comprei sapatos e os dei para minha namorada). Percebeu

a diferena?
94.

Essa a funo dos objects pronouns: servir como objeto direto

ou indireto das oraes, sendo colocado sempre aps o verbo.

95.Outros exemplos:
- Joel is very proud of Michelle. He loves her very much. (Joel est
muito orgulhoso de Michelle. Ele a ama muito).
- Give me the book. (Me d o livro).
96.
97.Subj

98.Obje

ect

ct

Pron

Pron

oun
99.I

oun
100.

101.

Me
102.

You
103.

You
104.

He
105.

Him
106.

She
107.

Her
108.

It
109.

It
110.

We
111.

Us
112.

You
113.

You
114.

They

Them

115.
1. in the correct pronouns.
116.
a) My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) .... .
b) My children like Disney films. The video is for (they) ..... .
c) My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for
d)
e)
f)
g)

(he) .... .
My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they) .... .
I like watches. This nice watch is for (I) .... .
My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we) .... .
My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he) .... .

h) My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is

for (she) .... .
i) Here is another souvenir. I don't know what to do with (it) .... .
j) You know what? - It's for (you) .... .
117.
2.1.3 The Imperative Form
118.
119.

O modo imperativo deve ser usado toda vez que se pretende

expressar:
120.

1- Ordem ou pedido:

121.

Shut the door. (Feche a porta).

Open your book on page 123. (Abra seu livro na pgina 123).
Speak only English during our class. (Fale somente ingls durante
nossa aula).
Dont talk during the class. (No converse durante a aula).
Tidy up your bedroom. (Organize seu quarto).
Come to my house tomorrow at 8:00. (Venha minha casa, amanh
s 8h).
122.

2- Convite:

123.

Lets go watch the game at Susans house? (Vamos assistir ao

jogo na casa da Susan?).

Lets make a surprise party to Bob? (Vamos fazer uma festa surpresa
para o Bob?).
Lets swim at my new swimming pool? (Vamos nadar na minha
piscina nova?).
Come see my new video game. (Venha ver meu novo videogame).
124.

possvel notar nos exemplos acima que para elaborar uma

frase no modo imperativo, basta utilizar o verbo no infinitivo sem o

to. Nas frases afirmativas, o verbo vem na maioria das vezes no
incio da frase. E nas frases negativas, deve-se acrescentar o dont
antes do verbo. No entanto, h uma exceo: quando utilizar o
Lets, no necessrio colocar o dont nas frases negativas,
basta apenas acrescentar o not. Exemplo da forma correta:

125.

Lets not drink anymore. (No vamos beber mais).

Lets not wait for our friends anymore. (No vamos mais esperar
pelos nossos amigos).
126.

Em

frases

imperativas,

uso

do always (sempre)

e never (nunca), pode ser usado sempre antes do verbo principal.

127.

Always bring your book, notebook and pencil case to the class.

(Sempre traga seu livro, caderno e estojo para a aula).

128.

Never sleep so late. (Nunca durma to tarde).

129.

Exerccios

130.
A) Use os verbos dos parnteses para transformar as sentenas
em imperativo AFIRMATIVO.
131.

1- _____________ outside (wait)

132.

2- _____________ those books to your cousin (lend)

133.

3- _____________ a car for your son today is his birhday (buy)

134.

4- _____________ me this knife boy (give)

135.

5- _____________ the door of your car, this is LA police (open)

136.

6- _____________ the door Peter (close)

137.

7- _____________ him now! (call)

138.

8- I tell you every day: _____________ of the light (turn)

139.
9-I am Lieutenant Walmir
(drop)

_____________

your weapon now!

140.
10-- _____________ your keys in ignition (leave) and ________ (sit)
on the other side of the car.
141.

11- _____________ outside (wait)

142.
B) Adicione please nas sentenas abaixo de modo torn-las
mais polidas, educadas.
143.

12- _____________ outside (wait)

144.

13- _____________ those books to your cousin (lend)

145.

14- _____________ a car for your son today is his birhday (buy)

146.

15- _____________ me this knife boy (give)

147.

16- _____________ the door of your car, this is LA police (open)

148.

17- _____________ the door Peter (close)

149.

18- _____________ him now! (call)

150.

19- I tell you every day: _____________ of the light (turn)

151.
20-I am Lieutenant Walmir
(drop)

_____________

your weapon now!

152.
21- _____________ your keys in ignition (leave) and ________ (sit)
on the other side of the car.
153.

22- _____________ outside (wait)

154.
C) Use os verbos dos parnteses para transformar as sentenas
em imperativo NEGATIVO [Dont].
155.

23- _____________ outside (wait)

156.

24- _____________ those books to your cousin (lend)

157.

25- _____________ a car for your son today is his birhday (buy)

158.

26- _____________ me this knife boy (give)

159.

27- _____________ the door of your car, this is LA police (open)

160.

28- _____________ the door Peter (close)

161.

29- _____________ him now! (call)

162.

30- I tell you every day: _____________ of the light (turn)

163.
31-I am Lieutenant Walmir
(drop)

_____________

your weapon now!

164.
32-- _____________ your keys in ignition (leave) and ________ (sit)
on the other side of the car.
165.

33- _____________ outside (wait)

166.
D) Adicione please dont nas sentenas abaixo de modo
torn-las negativas porm mais polidas, educadas.

167.

34- _____________ outside (wait)

168.

35- _____________ those books to your cousin (lend)

169.

14- _____________ a car for your son today is his birhday (buy)

170.

36- _____________ me this knife boy (give)

171.

37- _____________ the door of your car, this is LA police (open)

172.

38- _____________ the door Peter (close)

173.

39- _____________ him now! (call)

174.

40- I tell you every day: _____________ of the light (turn)

175.
41-I am Lieutenant Walmir
(drop)

_____________

your weapon now!

176.
42- _____________ your keys in ignition (leave) and ________ (sit)
on the other side of the car.
177.

43- _____________ outside (wait)

178.
2.1.4 Quantifiers - much, too much, many, too many, very, very
much, so, so much, etc.
179.
180. Quantifiers so expresses usadas para indicar e fornecer
informaes a respeito da quantidade de algo. Uma categoria de adjetivos,
pronomes

artigos

que

quantificam

os

substantivos.

Antes

de

prosseguirmos para os principais exemplos de quantifiers, importante

lembramos o conceito dos tipos de substantivos:
181.

Countable

(contveis) so

aqueles

substantivos

que

podemos contar, no necessitando de nenhuma unidade de medida,

so os substantivos que tem a forma singular e plural. Veja exemplos
de substantivos contveis: book, student, desk, apple, dog, man,
woman, house, computer, notebook, lesson etc.
182.
Uncountable (incontveis) so os substantivos que no podemos
contar, tornando-se necessria uma unidade de medida. Esses

substantivos s apresentam a forma singular. Exemplos: wine, milk,

sugar, honey, vinegar, salt, juice, water etc.
183. As
identificao

duas

uso

listas
dos

que

seguem

vo

quantificadores

te

auxiliar

corretos.

muito,

na

Para substantivos

contveis, os quantifiers utilizados so os seguintes:

186.

184.

both (of)

185.

enough

187.

every

188.

a lot (of)

190.

a,

191.

quite a lot

an

som

e (of)

(of)

193.

many

194.

too many

196.

a few

197.

very few

199.

each

200.

none (of)

202.

all (of)

203.

189.

any

(of)
192.

the

195.

seve

ral
198.

too

few
201.

no

204.

205. Para os substantivos incontveis usamos:

206.

enough

207.

none

(of)
209.

some (of)

210.

all (of)

212.

any (of)

213.

the

215.

a little

216.

too little

218.

quite a lot (of)

219.

208.

no

211.

very

much
214.

muc

h
217.

a lot

(of)
220.

221.
222.

Much, Many e A Lot of

223. Os trs indicam a mesma coisa: uma grande quantidade. No

entanto, o uso de cada um ir depender justamente do tipo de substantivo.
224.

- Much usado nos casos de substantivos no-contveis.

225.

Ex: How much sugar do you need?

precisa?

Quanto de acar voc

226.

- Many usado nos casos de substantives contveis.

227.

Ex: How many students are there? Quantos estudantes esto

l?
228.

- A lot of usado em ambos os casos.

229.

Ex: I have a lot of thing to do. Eu tenho um monte de coisas pra

fazer.
230.

Variaes no uso de MUCH e MANY:

HOW MUCH = quanto(a)

HOW MUCH money did she spend on clothes? (Quanto dinheiro ela
gastou em roupas?)
HOW MANY = quantos(as)
HOW MANY times have you been to Italy? (Quantas vezes voc
esteve na Itlia?)
SO MUCH = tanto(a)
There was SO MUCH smoke that one could hardly breathe. (Havia
tanta fumaa que mal se podia respirar.)
SO MANY = tantos(as)
There were SO MANY questions to answer that it was impossible for
us to finish the test on time.(Havia tantas perguntas a responder, que
nos foi impossvel terminar o teste na hora.)
TOO MUCH = demais
Mother has prepared TOO MUCH food for us. (Mame preparou
comida demais para ns.)
TOO MANY = demais
They have brought TOO MANY boxes for the men to carry. (Eles
trouxeram caixas demais para os homens carregarem.)
VERY MUCH = muito (advrbio de intensidade)
She loves him VERY MUCH. (Ela o ama muito.)
231.

Too e So

232. So usados para intensificar algo. A diferena que too d a

impresso negativa de exagero, enquanto so indica uma grande
quantidade, porm positiva.
233.

Ex: There is too much traffic in New York. H trfico demais em

Nova

York.

I love you so much. Eu te amo muito.

234.

Little, Few e Enough

235. Os quantifiers little e few possuem o mesmo significado:

uma pequena quantidade de uma coisa. A diferena entre os dois que
enquanto little se refere aos substantivos no-contveis, few se refere
aos contveis.
236.

Ex: There are a few people in theater. H poucas pessoas no

teatro.
Add a little sugar, please. Adicione um pouco de acar, por favor.
237.

Enough se refere a algo suficiente, podendo ser usado tanto

nos casos de substantivos contveis como nos incontveis.

238.

Ex: There isnt enough food. Essa comida no suficiente.

239.

Exercises

240.
241.

01. He spent ______

243.

03. Ask the baker to

money on clothes.

bring ________ bread since

a) a lot

we are not hungry.

b) many

a) more

c) a little

b) fewer

d) a few

c) least

e) few

d) many
e) less

242.

02. It is ______ better

to say nothing.
a) very
b) many
c) a lot of
d) much
e)lots of

04. (ITA) If you had studied

harder you would have had
_______ difficulty.
a) many
b) very
c) more
d) fewer

e) less

244.

05. (UNESP) ________

has been written about this

subject.

a) (

) Many more things.

b) (

) Much more

intelligent.
c) (

) Fewer things to say.

d) (

) Less air to breathe.

a) Much
b) Many
c) Lost of
d) Fewer
e) Few

08. (UNBA) ______ stories

were told to the children.
a) Less
b) Few
c) Much

06. I bought _____ flowers

and ____ milk than

d) A lot
e) Lots

yesterday.
a) fewer / fewer
b) fewer / less
c) less / less
d) more / fewer
e) less / more

09. She didn't want to drink

______ water because she
wasn't _____ thirsty.
a) much / very
b) many / much
c) fewer / less

07. Assinale F (falso) ou V

(verdadeiro):

d) less / more
e) few / very

245.
2.1.5 Present Continuous Tense - affirmative, negative and
interrogative forms
246.
247. O presente contnuo deve ser usado para expressar uma
situao que est em progresso, ou seja, uma ao que ainda est
acontecendo. Todo nosso ando, endo e indo dos verbos em portugus
devem ser trocados em ingls por ing. A construo do presente contnuo
deve ser dada segundo a forma:
248.
249.

Sujeito + verbo to be + verbo com ing + complement

250. She is studying English now. (Ela est estudando ingls agora).
251.
Para a forma negativa, basta acrescentar o not aps o verbo to be
(am, is are). Ex:
252.

He is not playing the electric guitar at this moment. (Ele no

est tocando guitarra neste exato momento).

253.

She is not listening to music. (Ela no est ouvindo msica).

254.

They are not helping their mother. (Eles no esto ajudando a

me deles).
255.
256. Para elaborar uma frase interrogativa necessrio colocar o
verbo to be no incio da frase:
257.

Is Mariane talking to Bob? (A Mariane est conversando com o

Bob?)
258.

Is Susan watching the soap opera? (A Susan est assistindo a

novela?)
259.

Are the kids playing on the backyard? (As crianas esto

brincando no quintal?)
260.
261.

Obs:

262.

1- Deve-se retirar o e dos verbos terminados com essa letra,

antes de se acrescentar o ing.

263.

Ex: to ride (andar)

to dance (danar)

264.

She is riding a bike now. (Ela est andando de bicicleta agora).

265.

She is dancing ballet. (Ela est danando bal).

266.
267.

2- Deve-se dobrar a ltima letra dos verbos monosslabos

terminados em CVC (consoante, vogal, consoante) antes de se

acrescentar o ing.
268.

Ex: to swim (nadar)

to put (colocar)

269.

He is swimming on the lake. (Ele est nadando no lago).

She is putting the folders in the drawer. (Ela est colocando as pastas
na gaveta).
270.
271.
272.

1.She is..............away

from the police.(Run)

Exercises
B.Makeing
C.Makeying

A.Running
B.Runing
C.Runnying
2.We're not.............to our

273.
274.
275.

parents.(Lie)
A.Lieing

276.

5.She is................in

B.Lying

her studies.(Excel)

C.Ling

A.Excelling
B.Exceling

3.Animals are................in

C.Excellying

Amazonia.(Die)
A.Dying

6.Are you..................now?

B.Dieing

(Stop)

C.Ding

A.Stoping
B.Stopping

4.Theyre...............lots of

C.Stoppying

money.(Make)
A.Making

7.She is....................Mike's
brother.(Date)

A.Dateing

(Feel)

B.Dating

A.Feeling

C.Datying

B.Feelling
C.Feli

8.I am..........tired today.

277.
278.
279.

Make the present continuous:

1. (she / go home now)
________________________________________________________________

__
280.

2. (I / read a great book)

281.

________________________________________________________________

__
282.

3. (she / not / wash her hair)

283.

________________________________________________________________

__
284.

4. (the cat / chase mice?)

285.

________________________________________________________________

__
286.

5. (she / cry?)

287.

________________________________________________________________

__
288.

6. (he / not / study Latin)

289.

________________________________________________________________

__
290.

7. (we / drive to London?)

291.

________________________________________________________________

__
292.

8. (they / watch TV? )

293.

________________________________________________________________

__
294.

9. (where / she / go now? )

295.

________________________________________________________________

__
296.

10. (I / not / leave now)

297.

________________________________________________________________

__
298.
299.

11. (you / not / run)

________________________________________________________________

__
300.

12. (why / he / leave? )

301.

________________________________________________________________

__

302.

13. (how / I / travel? )

303.

________________________________________________________________

__
304.

14. (it / not / rain)

305.

________________________________________________________________

__
306.

15. (when / we / arrive? )

307.

________________________________________________________________

__
308.

16. (where / they / stay? )

309.

________________________________________________________________

__
310.

17. (it / rain)

311.

________________________________________________________________

__
312.

18. (she / come at six)

313.

________________________________________________________________

__
314.

19. (he / watch a film at the moment)

315.

________________________________________________________________

__
316.

20. (we / not / sleep)

317.

________________________________________________________________

__
318.
3

3 BIMESTRE
319.

3.1 LINGUISTIC ASPECTS

320.
3.1.1 Simple Past Tense - regular and irregular verbs - affirmative,
negative and interrogative forms
321.

322. O Simple Past descreve uma ao que j ocorreu e que no ocorre

mais. A ao teve incio e fim no passado. No Simple Past o verbo no flexionado
em nenhuma pessoa, repetindo-se em todas elas.
323. Primeiramente iremos estudar o Simple Past dos verbos regulares que,
de um modo geral, formado acrescentando -d ou -ed ao infinitivo dos verbos.
Observe a tabela abaixo:
324.
- FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
325.
I

326.
wor
ked yeste
rday

327.
You

328.
wor
ked yeste
rday

329.
He

330.
wor
ked yeste
rday

331.
She

332.
wor
ked yeste
rday

333.
It

334.
wor
ked yeste
rday

335.
We

336.
wor
ked yeste
rday

337.
You

338.
wor
ked yeste
rday

339.
They

340.
wor
ked yeste
rday

341.
342.

- PARTICULARIDADES DA ORTOGRAFIA DO SIMPLE PAST:

343.

1. Os verbos terminados em e recebem apenas a letra -d ao infinitivo

do verbo. Veja alguns exemplos abaixo:

344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.

hope - hoped
change - changed
like - liked
behave - behaved
lie - lied
live - lived

350.
351.
352.
353.
354.

love - loved
arrive - arrived
invite - invited
snore snored

355.

2. Se o verbo tiver uma nica slaba ou terminar em slaba tnica

formada

porconsoante/vogal/consoante, dobra-se

ltima

consoante

acrescenta-se -ed:
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.

stop - stopped
permit - permitted
occur - occurred
rob - robbed
admit - admitted
prefer - preferred
omit - omitted
control - controlled
drop - dropped
plan - planned
shop shopped

368.
OBSERVAO: No Ingls Britnico, se o verbo termina com a
letra "L", dobra-se essa consoante mesmo que a ltima slaba no seja
tnica.
369.
travel - travelled
370.
rival - rivalled
371.
372.

3. Os verbos terminados em y precedido de consoante trocam o y por

-ied:
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.

study - studied
carry - carried
worry - worried
try - tried
hurry - hurried
cry cried

380.
OBSERVAO: Quando o y for precedido de vogal, no h
mudana ortogrfica, bastando apenas acrescentar -ed ao verbo:
381.
pray - prayed
382.
enjoy - enjoyed
383.
obey - obeyed
384.
play - played
385.
386.

4. Os verbos terminados em consoante/vogal/consoante cuja slaba

tnica no a ltima nodobram a consoante, apenas recebem -ed:

387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394.

listen - listened
develop - developed
open - opened
fasten - fastened
suffer - suffered
visit - visited
wonder - wondered
offer offered

395.

396.

5. Veja agora uma lista com os verbos irregulares mais comuns em

ingls:
397.
Infinitive
(infini
tivo)
401.
to arise
405.
to
awak
e
409.
to be
413.
to bear
417.
to beat
421.
to
beco
me
425.
to begin
429.
to bet
433.
to bite
437.
to bleed
441.
to blow
445.
to break
449.
to bring
453.
to build

399.
398.
Sim
ple Past
(Passado)
402.
se

aro

406.
oke

aw

Pas

t
Participle
(Particpio
)
403.
aris
en
407.
aw
oken

Translation
(Traduo)

404.

surgir, erguer-se

408.

despertar

412.

ser, estar

416.

nascer

420.

bater

410.
was
, were
414.
bor
e
418.
bea
t

411.
n
415.
n
419.
ten

422.
bec
ame

423.
bec
ome

424.

tornar-se

426.
an

beg

427.
un

beg

428.

comear

430.

bet

431.

bet

432.

apostar

434.

bit

bitt

436.

morder

438.
d
442.
w
446.
ke
450.
ught
454.
t

ble

435.
en
439.
d
443.
wn
447.
ken
451.
ught
455.
t

440.

sangrar

444.

soprar

448.

quebrar

452.

trazer

456.

construir

ble
bro
bro
buil

bee

400.

bor
bea

ble
blo
bro
bro
buil

457.
to burn
461.
to buy
465.
to catch
469.
to
choo
se
473.
to come
477.
to cost
481.
to cut
485.
to dig
489.
to do
493.
to draw
497.
to drink
501.
to drive
505.
to eat
509.
to fall
513.
to feed
517.
to feel
521.
to fight
525.
to find
529.
to fly
533.
to forbid
537.
to forget
541.
to

458.
bur
nt
(burned)
462.
bou
ght
466.
cau
ght

459.
bur
nt
(burned)
463.
bou
ght
467.
cau
ght

470.
se

cho

471.
sen

cho

474.
me
478.
t

ca

475.
me
479.
t

co

482.

cut

483.

486.

dug

490.

did

494.
w
498.
nk
502.
ve

dre

506.

ate

510.

fell

514.

460.

queimar

464.

comprar

468.

caar

472.

escolher

476.

vir

480.

custar

cut

484.

cortar

487.

dug

488.

cavar

491.
e
495.
wn
499.
nk
503.
en
507.
en
511.
en

don

492.

fazer

496.

desenhar

500.

beber

504.

dirigir

508.

comer

512.

cair

fed

515.

fed

516.

518.

felt

519.

felt

520.

sentir

522.
ght
526.
nd
530.
w
534.
ade
538.
ot
542.
ave

fou

523.
ght
527.
nd
531.
wn
535.
idden
539.
otten
543.
iven

fou

524.

lutar

528.

encontrar

532.

voar

536.

proibir

540.

esquecer

544.

esquecer

cos

dra
dro

fou
fle
forb
forg
forg

cos

dra
dru
driv
eat
fall

fou
flo
forb
forg
forg

dar de comer

forgiv
e
545.
to
forsa
ke
549.
to freeze
553.
to get
557.
to give
561.
to go
565.
to grow
569.
to have
573.
to hear
577.
to hide
581.
to hit
585.
to hold
589.
to hurt
593.
to keep
597.
to know
601.
to lead
605.
to lend
609.
to lose
613.
to make
617.
to meet
621.
to pay
625.
to put
629.

546.
ook

fors

547.
fors
aken

550.
e

froz

554.

got

558.
e
562.
nt
566.
w

gav

551.
froz
en
555.
got
/ gotten
559.
giv
en
563.
gon
e
567.
gro
wn

570.

had

571.

574.
rd

hea

578.

hid

575.
hea
rd
579.
hid
/ hidden

582.

hit

583.

hit

586.
d
590.
t
594.
t
598.
w

hel

587.
d
591.
t
595.
t
599.
wn

hel

602.

led

603.

606.

lent

610.

548.

abandonar

552.

congelar

556.
receber; conseguir; obter;
adquirir...
560.

dar

564.

ir

568.

crescer

572.

ter

576.

ouvir, escutar

580.

esconder, ocultar

584.

bater, ferir

588.

segurar

592.

machucar

596.

manter

600.

saber, conhecer

led

604.

conduzir, comandar

607.

lent

608.

emprestar

lost

611.

lost

612.

perder

614.
de

ma

615.
de

ma

616.

fazer, criar

618.

met

619.

met

620.

encontrar

622.
d

pai

623.
d

pai

624.

pagar

626.

put

627.

put

628.

colocar

630.

rea

631.

rea

632.

ler

we
gre

hur
kep
kne

had

hur
kep
kno

to read
633.
to ride
637.
to ring
641.
to rise
645.
to run
649.
to say
653.
to see
657.
to sell
661.
to send
665.
to shut
669.
to sleep
673.
to speak
677.
to swim
681.
to take
685.
to teach
689.
to tell
693.
to think
697.
to throw
701.
to win
705.
to write

d
634.
e
638.
g
642.
e

rod
ran
ros

d
635.
en
639.
g
643.
n

ridd
run
rise

646.

ran

647.

run

650.
d

sai

sai

654.

saw

658.
d
662.
t
666.
t
670.
pt
674.
ke
678.
m
682.
k
686.
ght

sol

651.
d
655.
n
659.
d
663.
t
667.
t
671.
pt
675.
ken
679.
m
683.
en
687.
ght

690.

told

691.

told

694.
ught
698.
w
702.
n
706.
te

tho

695.
ught
699.
wn
703.
n
707.
ten

tho

sen
shu
sle
spo
swa
too
tau

thre
wo
wro

see
sol
sen
shu
sle
spo
swu
tak
tau

thro
wo
writ

636.

andar, passear

640.

tocar (sino, campainha)

644.

levantar, erguer

648.

correr

652.

dizer

656.

ver

660.

vender

664.

enviar

668.

fechar

672.

dormir

676.

falar, dizer

680.

nadar

684.

pegar

688.

ensinar

692.

dizer

696.

pensar, acreditar

700.

jogar, arremessar

704.

ganhar

708.

escrever

709. *Apesar de a escrita ser a mesma, o passado do verbo to read possui uma pronncia diferente. Enquanto no
presente l-se /riid/, no passado l-se /rad/.

710.

Exercises
711.

1. Complete the tables in simple past.

712.
713.
Affirmative
716.
He wrote a
book.

714.
717.

Negative

715.
718.

719.

720.
sing

He did not

721.

722.

723.

Interrogative

724.
Was she
pretty?

725.
726.
728.
1.
731.
2.
734.
3.
737.
4.
740.
5.
743.
6.
746.
7.
749.
8.
752.
9.
755.
10

Infinitive
729.
meet

727.

732.

drive

735.

speak

738.

put

741.

write

744.

sing

747.

do

750.

sit

753.

stand

756.

run

Simple Past

730.

733.

736.

739.

742.

745.

748.

751.

754.

757.

758.
759.
2. Put the verbs into the simple past:
760.
a) Last year I (go)
b) It (be)
c) I (visit)

to England on holiday.
fantastic.
lots of interesting places. I (be)

friends of mine .
d) In the mornings we (walk)

in the streets of London.

with two

e) In the evenings we (go)

f) The weather (be)

to pubs.
strangely fine.

g) It (not / rain)

a lot.

h) But we (see)

some beautiful rainbows.

i) Where (spend / you)

your last holiday?

761.
3. Make the past simple, positive, negative or question:
762.

1. I _________________ (work) in a bank for ten years.

763.

2. Where _________________ (you / live) when you were young?

764.

3. She _________________ (not / study) French at university.

765.

4. He _________________ (travel) through the Middle East last

year.
766.

5. _________________ (they / visit) the Louvre in Paris?

767.

6. She _________________ (not / watch) TV yesterday.

768.

7. We _________________ (buy) a new car last weekend.

769.

8. Where _________________ (you / teach) before you came here?

770.

9. He _________________ (not / think) that he was right.

771.

10. I _________________ (cook) steak last night.

772.

3.1.2 Preferences (like, dislikes)

773.

774.

775.
776.
3.1.3 Plural of nouns
777.
778.

Regra geral: usa-se o S ao singular da palavra. Exemplos:

779.

notebook notebooks

table tables
river rivers
eraser erasers
780.
781.

1. Substantivos que terminam em S, SS, SH, X, CH e Z usam o

plural ES:
Exemplos:
bus buses
class classes
Brush brushes
box boxes
Church churches
topaz topazes
782.

Excees: palavras terminadas em CH, mas tem o som de K. O

plural formado apenas com o acrscimo de S.Exemplos:

monarch monarchs
epoch epochs
Patriarch patriarchs
matriarch matriarchs
783.
784.

2. Substantivos terminados em Y:

a) Vogal + Y, recebe apenas o S.

Exemplos:
Day days
boy boys
b) Consoante + Y, recebe como plural o IES.
Exemplos:

story stories
city cities
785.
4. Substantivos terminados em O:
Exemplos:
negro negroes
potato potatoes
786.
787.
4. Substantivos terminados em F ou FE, geralmente feito com
o
acrscimo
do
VES.
Exemplos:
wife wives
788.

Wolf wolves

789.
790.

5. Plurais irregulares:

Exemplos:man (homem) men (homens)

Woman (mulher) women (mulheres)
Child (criana) children (crianas)
Tooth (dente) teeth (dentes)
Foot (p) feet (ps)
Goose (ganso) geese (gansos)
Mouse (rato) mice (ratos)
Louse (piolho) lice (piolhos)
Ox (boi) oxen (bois)
Die (dado) dice (dados)
791.

Exercises
792.

793.

A. What is the correct plural of the word?

794.
1. These (person)____________ are protesting against the president.
2. The (woman) ____________ over there want to meet the manager.
3. My (child) ____________ hate eating pasta.
4. I am ill. My (foot) ____________ hurt.
5. Muslims kill (sheep) ____________ in a religious celebration.
6. I clean my (tooth) ____________ three times a day.
7. The (student ) ____________ are doing the exercise right now.
8. The (fish) ____________ I bought is in the fridge.
9. They are sending some (man) ____________ to fix the roof.

10.Most (houswife) ____________ work more than ten hours a day at

home.
11.Where did you put the (knife) ____________?
On the (shelf) ____________.
12.(Goose) ____________ like water.
13.(Piano) ____________ are expensive
14.Some (policeman) ____________ came to arrest him.
15.Where is my (luggage) ____________?
In the car!
795.
796.
B. Write down the correct form of the plural:
1. city -____________ .

8. sandwich -____________.

2. house -____________ .

9. nurse -____________.

3. boy -____________.

10.elf - ____________.

4. family -____________.

11.phenomenon -____________ .

5. life -____________.

12.criterion -____________.

6. photo -____________ .

13.village -____________.

7. phone - ____________.

14.toy -____________.

3.1.4 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Geralmente os estudantes de ingls se confundem a respeito dos

termos gramaticais Possessive Adjectives e Possessive Pronouns e de
como

us-los.

Compreensvel,

afinal

esses

termos

so

ligeiramente

parecidos. Se voc tem essas dvidas, minha inteno acabar com elas
agora porque os possessive adjectives e os possessive pronouns so
facilmente encontrados em textos formais e na conversao informal.
Para facilitar o aprendizado, vamos rever os significados dos termos
gramaticais adjective (adjetivo), pronoun (pronome) e possessive:

Adjective vem do latim ad ao lado de + jacre pr, deitar. Ou

seja,adjective palavra que se deita ao lado de outra. O adjetivo se
deita ou posto ao lado de um substantivo.

Pronoun vem

do

latim pro em

lugar

de

+ nomen nome.

Ou

seja,pronoun colocado no lugar de um nome. O pronome posto no

lugar de um substantivo, substituindo-o. Relembro a voc que o substantivo
tambm chamado de nome como na concordncia nominal na qual h
concordncia de gnero, nmero e nome.
Possessive vem do latim possessvus que indica possesso, do

verbopossidre possuir.

Agora que voc est ntimo dos termos gramaticais, vejamos

os Possessive Adjectives e os Possessive Pronouns na tabela abaixo:

Pesso
as

Possessi
ve
Adjectiv
es

Possessi
ve
Pronoun
s

Traduo

My

Mine

Meu(s), minha(s)

You

Your

Yours

Teu(s), tua(s), seu(s),

sua(s), de voc

He

His

His

Dele(s), seu(s), sua(s)

She

Her

Hers

Dela(s), seu(s), sua(s)

It

Its

Its

Dele(s), dela(s), seu(s),

sua(s)

We

Our

Ours

Nosso(s), nossa(s)

Yours

Vosso(s), vossa(s), seu(s),

sua(s), de vocs

Theirs

Dele(s), dela(s), seu(s),

sua(s)

You

They

Your

Their

Uso dos Possessive Adjectives

Os possessive adjectives no se flexionam, ou seja, valem tanto para o

singular como para o plural. Empregue os possessive adjectives antes de
substantivos (possessive adjective + substantivo):

My car, my cars

Your car, your cars

His car, his cars

Their car, their cars

Usos dos Possessive Pronouns
Os possessive pronouns no se flexionam, ou seja, valem tanto para o
singular como para o plural. Empregue os possessive pronouns para
substituir a combinao (possessive adjective + substantivo), para evitar
repeties:
My car is blue, yours is red. (Em vez de My car is blue, your car is

red.)

Your car is red, mine is blue. (em vez de Your car is red, my car is
blue.)

His car is green, hers is pink (em vez de His car is green, her car is
pink.)
Empregue os possessive pronouns aps a preposio of numa construo
especial:

He is a friend of mine. (Ele um dos meus amigos.)

She is wearing a dress of hers. (Ela est usando um dos vestidos dela.
/ Ela est usando um dos seus vestidos.)
Ateno: Os Possessive Pronouns nunca so usados antes de substantivo,
pois sua funo substitui-lo.
A. Observe as palavras grifadas abaixo e diga se elas
so possessive adjectives ou possessive pronouns.

1.

This book is ours.

2.

These copybooks are theirs.

3.

Its house is clean.

4.

These cars are hers.

5.

Alessandro and Adir are friends of ours.

6.

This is its bone.

7.

He was an enemy of his.

8.

These are our books.

9.

She is a relative of mine.

10.

His car is mine now.

I - Which pronoun can substitute the underlined phrase in the

sentence?
1) The teacher always gives the students homework.
( )me
( )them
( )you
2) I am reading the book to my little sister.
( )her
( )us
( )him
3) The boys are riding their bikes.
( )it
( )they
( )her
4) My father is writing a letter to John.
( )me
( )her
( )him
5) I don't know the answer.
( )she
( )her
( )it
6) Sally is going to Anne.
( )her
( )him
( )me

7) Open the window, please.

( )it
( )them
( )us
8) Can you tell the people the way to the airport, please?
( )you
( )them
( )us
9) The books are for Peter.
( )him
( )her
( )you

3.1.5 Past Continuous Tense

O past continuous tense descreve uma ao que estava acontecendo
no passado quando uma outra ao passada ocorreu, ou tambm pode
descrever aes passadas que estavam acontecendo simultaneamente.Ex.:
They were cpying when the teacher appeared.(Eles estavam copiando
quando a professora apareceu) aqui uma ao ocorria quando uma outra
(tambm passada) ocorreu.
While I was learning, He was asking about it.(Enquanto eu estava
aprendendo, ele estava me perguntando) aqui duas aces passadas
ocorreram no mesmo instante.
Bom, para formar o past continuous tense, a frase tem que ser
composta pelo verbo to be no passado, que neste caso servir como
auxiliar, e um verbo principal que se aplicar com as regras do uso do ing.
Ex.:
I was looking through the window when he come back.(Eu estava olhando
pela janela quando ele voltou). repare que o verbo to be est no passado
(was) e o verbo princiapl com ing (looking).
*Para negar a frase com o past continuous tense, basta colocar NOT aps o
verbo to be. Lembre que no passado tambm podemos usar formas
contradas!
Geralmente o past continuous vem acompanhado de ligaes temporais,
tais como: When, while, as,by the time etc.
Exercises

1. Write the correct verb form into the gap. Use the Past Progressive.
Example: ___ she ______ a book? (to read)
Answer: Was she reading a book?

63

1) _______Ashley_______ on the computer? (to work)

2) _______they_______ the bike? (to repair)
3) _______Melissa_______ out a book? (to take)
4) _______you_______ to music? (to listen)
5) _______Nicolas_______ at a picture? (to look)
6) _______ Emma and Bertha _______her friend? (to phone)
7) _______the girl_______ the window? (to open)
8) _______ he_______judo? (to do)
9) _______the friends _______home from school?(to come)
10) _______ Tyler _______with the cooking? (to help)

2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the sentences forming negative

sentences in the going to-future.
Example: She ________________ her bike in the afternoon. (not/to ride)
Answer: She is not going to ride her bike in the afternoon. or She's not
going to ride her bike in the afternoon.
1) They ____________the lunch basket. (not/to pack)
2) I ____________somebody the way. (not/to ask)
3) Rita ____________Jim's book. (not/to borrow)
4) We____________ a T-shirt. (not/to design)
5) I ____________on the red button. (not/to click)
6) The girls ____________at the boys. (not/to laugh)
7) Tim ____________Sandra's hair. (not/to pull)
8) Andy and Fred ____________to a song. (not/to mime)
9) You ____________dinner. (not/to prepare)
10) He ____________the hamster in the garden. (not/to keep)

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4 BIMESTRE

4.1 LINGUISTIC ASPECTS

4.1.1 Simple Future Tense - affirmative, negative and interrogative
forms
O futuro simples identificado pelo uso do auxiliar will. Nas frases
afirmativas, esse auxiliar deve vir sempre aps o sujeito. Ex.:
She will graduate next year. (Ela se formar no ano que vem).
Bob and Carol will travel to Japan next month. (Bob e Carol viajaro para o
Japo no prximo ms).
I will send you some Christmas cards. (Eu lhe enviarei alguns cartes de
natal).
It will rain a lot next week. (Chover muito na semana que vem).
Nas frases interrogativas, basta inverter o auxiliar, colocando-o no
incio da frase.
Will Jack come to Jills farewell party? (O Jack vir para a festa de despedida
do Jill?).
Will you go to Susans wedding? (Voc ir ao casamento da Susan?).
Will they move to Ireland next year? (Eles se mudaro para a Irlanda no ano
que vem?).
Will the teacher give us some points for that extra exercise that we did? (A
professora nos dar alguns pontos por aquele exerccio extra que ns
fizemos?).
Para as frases negativas, deve-se fazer uso do will not aps o
sujeito da frase. Se preferir, pode-se utilizar a forma abreviada wont.
She wont sing at the talent show. (Ela no cantar no show de talentos).
I will not travel to England next month. (Eu no viajarei para a Inglaterra no
prximo ms).
We will not build a house. (Ns no iremos construir uma casa).
He will not graduate on this semester. (Ele no se formar nesse semestre).
Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa

I will / Ill

I will not / I wont

Will I ?
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You will / youll

You will not / you wont

Will you?

He will / hell

He will not / he wont

Will he?

She will / shell

She will not / she wont

Will she?

It will / itll

It will not / it wont

Will it?

We will / well

We will not / we wont

Will we..?

You will / youll

You will not / you wont

Will you?

They will / theyll They will not / they wont

Will they?

Exercises

1. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Simple.

Example: The weather ______ nice at the weekend. (to be)
Answer: The weather will be nice at the weekend.
1) Tomorrow it ____________in the north-west. (to rain)
2) My friend ____________12 next Monday. (to be)
3) Hey John! Wait a minute. I ____________a word with you. (to have)
4) She ____________her boss next week. (to contact)
5) I think you ____________this job. (to get)
6) They ____________at about 6 pm. (to arrive)
7) The teacher ____________this exercise. (to explain)
8) He ____________the bottle of water. (to drop)
9) Lots of accidents ____________in that weather. (to happen)
10) She ____________if you show her the spider. (to scream)
2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the sentences forming negative
sentences in the will-future.
Example: The rain __________ in the afternoon. (not/to stop)
Answer: The rain will not stop in the afternoon. or The rain won't stop in
the afternoon.
1) Tim ____________the teacher. (not/to tell)
66

2) I hope I ____________the train to Manchester. (not/to miss)

3) She ____________her hair green. (not/to dye)
4) He ____________breakfast tomorrow morning. (not/to prepare)
5) The manager ____________trees in front of the office building. (not/to
plant)
6) Melissa ____________jeans at her party. (not/to wear)
7) My friends ____________in a city. (not/to live)
8) We ____________about the bad weather. (not/to worry)
9) I ____________in this lake. (not/to swim)
10) You ____________the vase on the shelf. (not/to reach)

4.1.2 Indefinite Pronouns: some, any & no (and their compounds)

Os Pronomes
Indefinidos (Indefinite
Pronouns)
podem
ser substantivos (indefinite
pronouns),
quando
os
substituem,
ou adjetivos (indefinite adjectives), quando qualificam os substantivos.
Os Pronomes Indefinidos (Indefinite Pronouns) existentes na Lngua
Inglesa so:
1. SOME - ALGUM, ALGO, ALGUNS, ALGUMA, ALGUMAS, UM, UNS,
UMA, UMAS, UM POUCO DE
* Some e
seus
compostos
so
usados
em
frases afirmativas. Some tambm pode ser usado em frases
interrogativas quando se trata de um oferecimento ou pedido ou
quando se espera uma resposta positiva. Este pronome pode ser um
pronome adjetivo (indefinite adjective) ou um pronome substantivo
(indefinite pronoun).
She was hot and I gave her some water. (Ela estava com calor e eu lhe dei
um pouco de gua.)
I prefer to forget some things that happened in the past.
(Prefiro esquecer algumas coisas que aconteceram no
passado.)
Some exercises are difficult to do. (Alguns exerccios so
difceis de fazer.)
Would you like some tea? (Voc gostaria de um pouco de
ch?)
2. SOMEBODY/SOMEONE - ALGUM
Somebody/Someone is knocking the door. (Algum est batendo na
porta.)
3. SOMETHING - ALGUMA COISA, ALGO
There is something under the bed.
(H/Tem alguma coisa embaixo da
cama.)
I gave her something to drink.
(Eu dei a ela algo para beber.)
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4. SOMEWHERE - EM ALGUM LUGAR

I saw your keys somewhere. (Eu vi suas chaves em algum lugar.)
My book should be somewhere in this classroom.(Meu livro deve estar em
algum lugar nesta sala de aula.)
5. SOMEHOW - DE ALGUMA MANEIRA, DE ALGUM
JEITO
I must get a job, somehow I will get what I want!
(Eu preciso de emprego. De alguma maneira conseguirei o
que quero!)

6. ANY - ALGUM, ALGUNS, ALGUMA, ALGUMAS, NENHUM,

NENHUMA, UM, UNS, UMA, UMAS, QUALQUER
*Any
usado
em
frases interrogativas e negativas.
Nas
frases afirmativas, any usado quando: aparecer aps a palavra if;
significar qualquer; houver palavra de sentido negativo na frase
comoseldom, never, rarely, without,
etc.
Este
pronome,
assim
como some, pode ser um pronome adjetivo (indefinite adjective) ou um
pronome substantivo (indefinite pronoun).
Do you have any talent for dance? (Voc tem algum talento
para a dana?)
He didn't have any chance. (Ele no tinha chance alguma.)
If you have any doubt, ask me. (Se voc tiver qualquer /
alguma dvida, pergunte-me.)
I don't have any money on me today. (No tenho
dinheiro algum comigo hoje.)
Take any book you need. (Pegue qualquer livro que precisar.)
She
rarely
has any free
weekend.
(Raramente ela tem algum fim de semana livre.)
7. ANYBODY / ANYONE - ALGUM, QUALQUER UM, NINGUM
There isn't anybody upstairs. (No h ningum l em cima.)
Is there anybody home? (H algum em casa?)
8. ANYTHING - ALGUMA COISA, QUALQUER COISA, NADA
I am hungry because I didn't eat anything this morning. (Estou com fome
porque no comi coisa alguma / nada hoje de manh.)
There isn't anything to do in this city. (No h coisa alguma / nada para
fazer nesta cidade.)
He may buy anything he wants. (Ele pode comprar qualquer coisa que
quiser.)
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9. ANYWHERE - EM ALGUM LUGAR, EM QUALQUER LUGAR

Did you see him anywhere? (Voc o viu em algum lugar?)
Your shoes must be anywhere. (Seus sapatos podem estar em qualquer
lugar.)
10. ANYWAY - DE ALGUMA MANEIRA, DE QUALQUER JEITO
Please, don't tell me what I have to do, anyway, I will only do what I want.
(Por favor, no me diga o que tenho que fazer, de qualquer maneira, farei
apenas o que quero.)
I will buy the house anyway. (De qualquer jeito, comprarei a casa.)

11. NO (PRONOME ADJETIVO) - NENHUM,

NENHUMA
I have no money in my wallet. (No tenho dinheiro
nenhum na minha carteira.)

12. NONE (PRONOME SUBSTANTIVO) - NENHUM, NENHUMA

- Do you have any poetry book?
- No, I have none.
- Voc tem algum livro de poesia?
- No, no tenho nenhum.
13. NOBODY / NO ONE - NINGUM
Nobody/No one knows what our secret is. (Ningum sabe qual o nosso
segredo.)
Nobody/No one knows him. (Ningum o conhece.)
14. NOTHING - NADA
I have nothing to say. (No tenho nada a dizer.)
There was nothing in the fridge. (No havia nada na geladeira.)
15. NOWHERE - NENHUM LUGAR
She is nowhere in this park. (Ela no est em lugar nenhum deste parque.)
OBSERVAES:
* A Lngua Inglesa no admite dupla negativa nas oraes, coisa muito
comum e, s vezes, obrigatria em nosso idioma. Enquanto,
em Portugus, falamos:
No tenho nada a dizer.
na Lngua Inglesa se diz:
I have nothing to say.
ou ainda, em Ingls, pode-se dizer:
There isn't anything to do in this city.
o que, literalmente, significa:
No h coisa alguma para fazer nesta cidade.

69

Deste modo, conclumos que, na lngua Inglesa, h duas maneiras

de elaborar oraes com pronomes indefinidos, evitando a dupla
negativa:
I don't have any money on me today.(No tenho dinheiro nenhum comigo
hoje.)
ou I have no money on me today. (No tenho dinheiro nenhum comigo
hoje.)
Exercises
1 Complete with SOME, ANY or NO.
a)
There are __________ weird guys outside. I think theyre thieves.
b)
Is there __________ milk left? Im going to the supermarket and can
bring _________ if you want.
c)
Theres ________ money in my pocket. Can you pay for the
sandwiches?
d)
There isnt ________ water in the pool. I think Dad is going to clean it.
e)
Are there ________ computers available in the school lab?
f)
Philip brought you ________ flowers. I think he wants to ask you out.
g)
Bill and Cindy have _________ problems arriving here. Can you call
Cindys cell phone and give her the directions?
h)
Jill has ________ questions to ask you before you leave.
i)
I have ________ time to talk to you now. Please, return after lunch.
j)
There arent ________ available seats. We have to stand outside.
2 Complete with compounds of SOME, ANY or NO. (Body/One Thing
Where)
a)
You shouldnt tell... about what
happened. Its a secret. . should ever know the
truth.
b)
When my father goes abroad he always brings me..
. nice.
c)
This car makes a strange noise. Yes, you are right. Im afraid there is
.wrong with it.
d)
Dont believe. she says. Shes always making
up stories. trusts her.
e)
I dont want to go . . Id better stay in and watch
..on TV.
3 - Choose the correct alternative for each sentence.
a) Sam was alone at home, no-one / anyone was with him.
b) Did you go everywhere / anywhere last weekend?
c) There is always nothing / something interestingto read in this
magazine.
d) Are you doing anywhere / anything tonight?
e) Please, dont tell anybody / somebody about mysecret.
f)
There is nothing / anything to do now, so letswatch TV.
70

g) Do you know where Susan is? Shes anywhere / somewhere in the

building, but I dont know where exactly.
h) Would you like something / nothing to eat?
i)
Did you go somewhere / anywhere on holiday? No, I went nowhere /
anywhere, because I had no money.
4 Choose the correct alternative.
1.
__________ students were late today. They didnt arrive at school on
time.
a)
Any
b)
Some
c) No
2.
I called you yesterday evening, but there was __________ at home.
a)
Nobody
b)
Anyone
c) everybody
3.
Lets go __________ tonight, I dont want to stay at home.
a)
nowhere
b)
anything
c) somewhere
4.
It is raining hard. There arent __________ people in the streets.
a)
nobody
b)
any
c) no
5.
Lucas said __________ to me, but I couldnt hear __________.
a)
anything, nothing
b) something, nothing
c)
something, anything

4.1.3 Using would to make requests, invitations and offerings

Em ingls, h vrias maneiras de voc convidar algum a fazer

algo com voc. Essas maneiras vo desde o mais informal at o mais
formal. Aqui vamos verificar apenas aquelas mais usuais. Ou seja,
aquelas que fazem parte do dia a dia da lngua e que certamente voc
ter de entender e falar. Assim, anote a que os chunk smais comuns
neste momento so os seguintes:

Para fazer ofertas:

We use would + like a lot for offers. Its very useful for different
situations.
Would you like to come to our house for dinner?
Would you like some cake?
Would you like to celebrate Chinese New Year with us?

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For more informal invitations you can use can + get. Get means
buy in this context.
Can I get you a drink?
We also use would and can for offering to help someone.
Would you like some help?
Can I help you?
Can I give you a hand with that?
We also use modals for asking for something (making a request
or asking permission).
Can you do me a favour? - (more informal)
Would you do me a favour? - (more polite)
Can you help me? - (more informal)
Would you help me? - (more polite)

H ainda outras maneiras de fazer convites. No entanto, sou a

favor da simplicidade. Isto significa que vale mais voc aprender duas
maneiras e us-las bem do que tentar decorar todas e no saber usar
nenhuma direito.
bom saber tambm que as respostas mais comuns so:

Yes. [Sim]
Sure. [Claro]
OK.
Id love to. [Eu adoraria]
No, Im sorry. [No. Sinto Muito]
I dont think so. [Acho que no]
No, Im afraid I cant. [Infelizmente, eu no posso.]

Lembre-se que as negativas so geralmente acompanhadas do motivo

pelo qual voc no pode aceitar o convite. Portanto, ao dizer no diga
tambm a razo por no poder aceitar. A razo pode ser algo geral ou
especfico. Fica ao seu critrio.
Exercises
I- Ordene as palavras e forme frases.
1.

to / do / she / would / like / What / tonight

72


.
2.

dinner / to / We / like / have / would

3.

pizza / He / not / today / would / order

.
4.

Would / sandwish / you / like / a

.
5.

would / go / I / restaurant / to / like / a / to

.
6.

pizza / They / to / a / make / would / like

.
7.

coffee / you / Would / some / like

.
8.

cream / you / ice / Would / some / like

.
9.

like / breakfast / coffee / would / I / some / for

.
10.

please / soup / I / would / broccoli / like

73