PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

INTERACTIVE PERIODIC TABLE ANALYSIS

NAME__________________________________________

DATE_________________

Learning objective 1.5 The student is able to explain the distribution of electrons in an atom or
ion based upon data. [See SP 1.5, 6.2; Essential knowledge 1.B.1]
Learning objective 1.6 The student is able to analyze data relating to electron energies for
patterns and relationships. [See SP 5.1; Essential knowledge 1.B.1]
Learning objective 1.7 The student is able to describe the electronic structure of the atom, using
PES data, ionization energy data, and/or Coulombs law to construct explanations of how the
energies of electrons within shells in atoms vary. [See SP 5.1, 6.2; Essential knowledge 1.B.2]
Learning objective 1.8 The student is able to explain the distribution of electrons using
Coulombs law to analyze measured energies. [See SP 6.2; Essential knowledge 1.B.2]
SEE ALSO: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZfd6RzzyGM

1. What is photoelectron spectroscopy? How is it related to the photoelectric

effect?

2. How do PES ionization energies differ from successive ionization energies?

Open the interactive PES periodic table (Relative number of electrons vs.
Energy Megajoules)
(http://www.chem.arizona.edu/chemt/Flash/photoelectron.html).

3. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Hydrogen and Helium. Explain how
to determine the total number of electrons for each atom from the graph.

Explain why both electrons in the Helium atom have the same ionization
energy (how does this compare to successive ionization energies). Explain
the different ionization energies for each atom.

4. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Hydrogen and Lithium. Explain how
to determine the total number of electrons from the graph. Explain the
different energies for the electrons within the Lithium atom. Explain the
different energies for the outer shell electrons in Hydrogen and Lithium.

5. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Helium and Lithium. Explain the
energy differences for the 1s electrons of each atom.

6. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Beryllium and Boron. How many
outer shell electrons in the Boron atom? Explain the ionization energy
differences for the outer electrons in the Boron atom. How does this support
the idea of modern quantum theory as opposed to the Bohr atomic model?
Explain the ionization energy differences for the outer electrons of Boron and
Beryllium.

7. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Lithium and Potassium. Explain the
different ionization energies for the outermost electron in each. Explain the
energy differences for the 1s electrons in each.

8. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Aluminum and Argon. Explain the
energy differences for the outer s and p electrons within the Argon atom.
Explain the energy differences for the outer s sublevel electrons in each
atom. Explain the energy differences for the outer p sublevel electrons in
each atom.

9. Compare and contrast the PES graphs for Calcium and Scandium. How many
outer electrons are in each atom? Explain the energy differences for the 4s
and 3d electrons in scandium. Explain how this information supports the
multiple oxidation numbers for many of the transition metals.

10.What generalizations can be made about PES energies and shielding among
different atoms? Among electrons within the same atom (multiple energy
levels)?

11.What generalizations can be made about PES energies and effective nuclear
charge among different atoms? Among electrons within the same atom
(multiple energy levels)?

12.What generalizations can be made about PES energies among s and p

electrons of the same principle energy level (same atom)? How does this
relate to the Aufbau Principle?