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Questions:
1. What are the two main categories of accounting changes?
2. Define a change in accounting estimate.
3. Give examples of items in the financial statements that may require
estimate.
4. How is a change in accounting estimate reported?
5. Explain a change in depreciation method
6. Define accounting policies.
7. Define a change in accounting policy.
8. Give examples of change in accounting policy.
9. When is a change in accounting policy allowed?
10. How is a change in accounting polity reported?
11. Explain the retrospective application of a change in accounting policy.
12. Explain the limitation of retrospective application of a change in
accounting policy.
13. What is prospective application of a change in accounting policy?
14. Explain the adoption of an accounting policy in the absence of an
accounting standard.
15. What is a change in reporting entity?
16. Define prior period errors.
17. Explain the treatment of prior period error, 18. Explain retrospective
restatement in relation to prior period errors.
19. What are the necessary disclosures related to prior period errors?
20. State whether the following changes should be accounted for
retrospectively or prospectively. Briefly explain your answer.
a. A change in accounting policy made voluntarily.
b. A change in accounting policy required by an accounting standard.
c. A change in the residual value of an item of property, plant and
equipment.
d. An immaterial error discovered in the current year relating to a
transaction recorded two years ago.
b. Retrospective restatement
c. Prospective application
d. Prospective restatement
9. This means "applying a new accounting policy to transactions and events
occurring after the dat :it which the policy is changed".
a. Retrospective application
b. Prospective application
c. Retrospective restatement
d. Prospective restatement
2. When the residual value of property, plant, and equipment had drastically
changed and the change is material, the entity should
a. Retrospectively change the depreciation charge based on the revised residual
value.
b. Change the depreciation charge and treat it as a correction of an error.
C. Change the annual depreciation for the current year and future years.
d. Ignore the effect of the change on annual depreciation because change in
residual value would normally affect the future only since this is expected to be
recovered in the future.
3. An entity that changed the method of inventory valuation from weighted
average to first-in, first-out should account for the change as
a. A change in accounting estimate and account for it prospectively.
b. A change in accounting policy and account for it prospectively.
c. A change in accounting policy and account for it retrospectively.
d. A correction of an error and account for it retrospectively.
4. Which of the following statements in relation to a change in accounting estimate
is true?
I. Changes in accounting estimate are accounted for retrospectively.
IL Changes in accounting estimate result from new information or new
development.
a. I only
b. II only
c. Both I and II
d. Neither I nor II
6. Which of the following terms best describes applying new accounting
policy to transactions as if that policy had always been applied.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Retrospective application
Retrospective restatement
Prospective application
Prospective restatement
d.It is required by IFRS or the change would result in providing reliable and
more relevant information about financial position, performance and cash
flows.
8. A public entity that changed an accounting policy voluntarily should
a.Inform shareholders prior to taking the decision.
b. Account for the change retrospectively.
c. Treat the effect of the change as component of other comprehensive income.
d.Treat the change prospectively and adjust the effect of the change in the
current period and future periods.
9. Which of the following changers should be treated retrospectively?
I. A change in the method of calculating the provision for uncollectible accounts
receivable.
II. Investment properties are now measured at fair value having previously been
measured at cost.
a.
b.
c.
d.
I only
II only
Both I and II
Neither I nor II
b.
c.
Correction of an error
d.
b. Prospective adjustment
c. Retrospective adjustment
d. Current and prospective adjustment
8. A change in accounting policy require that the cumulative effect of the change
should be shown as an adjustment to
a. Beginning retained earnings for the earliest period presented
b. Net income for the period in which the change presented.
c. Comprehensive income for the earliest period occurred.
d. Shareholders' equity for the period in which the change occurred.
9. Which of the following is not treated as a change in accounting policy?
a. A change from average cost to FIFO
b. A change to a different method of depreciation
c. A change from full cost to successful effort method in the extractive industry
d. A change from cost recovery to percentage of completion method
10. Which of the following is accounted for as a change in accounting policy?
a. A change in the estimated useful life of plant asset
b. A change from cash basis to accrual basis
c. A change from expensing immaterial expenditures to deferring and amortizing
them
d. A change in valuation from FIFO to average cost
Problem 10-5 Multiple choice (IAA)
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect in relation to accounting
changes?
a. A change in accounting estimate is reflected in the current and future
periods.
b. A change in depreciation method is classified as a change in accounting
estimate.
c. A change in depreciation method is classified as a change in accounting
policy.
d. Generally, there is a preferences for restating prior results to improve
comparability
2. Which accounting change always be accounted for in current and future
periods?
a. Change in accounting policy
b. Change in reporting entity
c. Change in accounting estimate
d. Correction of an error
3. Which of the following is required for a change from sum of years digits to
straight line?
a. The cumulative effect on prior years is reported in the statement of
retained earnings
b. Retrospective restatement
c. Recompilation of depreciation for current and future years
d. All of these are required
4. Which of the following statements in relation to accounting changes is true?
a. Changes in accounting policy are always handled in the current and
prospective period.
b. Prior statements should be restated for changes in accounting estimate.
c. A change from expensing certain costs to capitalizing such costs due to a
change in the period benefited should be handled as a change in
accounting estimate
d. Correction of a prior period error should be considered as an adjustment of
current net income.
5. A change in accounting policy does not include.
a. Change in the estimated useful life of an asset.
b. Change in method of inventory valuation from FIFO to weighted average.
c. Change in method of inventory valuation from weighted average to FIFO.
d. Change from the practice of paying as Christmas bonus one months
salary to the new practice of paying one-half months salary.
6. A change from the straight line method of depreciation to sum of years digits
is accounted for as
a. Change in accounting policy
b. Change in accounting estimate
c. Prior period error
d. Accounting error
7. Which of the following is not a justification for a change in depreciation
method?
a. A change in the estimated useful life of an assets as a result of
unexpected obsolescence
b. A change in the pattern of receiving the future benefit from an asset
c. To conform with the depreciation method prevalent in a particular industry
d. A change in the future benefit from the asset
8. A change in the estimated useful life of a building
a. Is not allowed by GAAP
b. Affects the depreciation on the building beginning with the year of the
change
c. Must be handled as a retroactive adjustment
d. Creates a new account to be recognized in the income statement
reflecting the difference in net income
Accounting
Accounting
Accounting
Accounting
policy
estimate
method
concept
200,000
130,000
150,000
0
1,460,000
1,540,000
1,600,000
1,760,000
153,600
307,200
240,000
192,000
3,000,000
3,800,000
3,920,000
4,200,000
a. 1,260,000
b. 1,440,000
c. 916,360
d. 720,000
Problem 10-17 (AICPA Adapted)
On January 1, 2012, Brazil is Company purchased for P4,800,000 a
machine with a useful life of ten years and a residual value of P200,000.
The machine was depreciated by the double declining balance and the
carrying amount of the machine was P3,072,000 on December 31, 2013.
The entity changed to the straight line method on January 1, 2014. The
residual value did not change. What is the depreciation expense for 2014?
a. 287,200
b. 384,000
c. 460,000
d. 359,000
Problem 10-18 (IAA)
On January 1, 2013, London Company purchased a large quantity of
personal computers. The cost of these computers was P6,000,000. On the
date of purchase, the management estimated that the computers would
last approximately four years and would have a residual value at that time
of P600,000. The entity used the double declining balance method. During
January 2014, the management realized that technological advancements
had made the computers virtually obsolete and that they would have to be
replaced. The management changed the remaining useful life of the
computers to two years. What is the depreciation expense for 2014?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3,000,000
2,400,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
c. 466,000
d. 582,500
Problem 10-20 (IFRS)
On January 1, 2010, Roma Company purchased heavy duty equipment for
P4,000,000. On the date of installation, it was estimated that the
equipment has a useful life of 10 years and a residual value of P400,000.
On January 1, 2014, the entity decided to review the useful life of the
equipment and the residual value. The entity determined that the useful
life of the equipment was 12 years from the date of acquisition and the
residual value was P460,000. What is the depreciation expense for 2014?
a.
b.
c.
d.
175,000
262,500
360,000
300,000
15,000,000
Useful Life
15 Years
Machinery
Furniture
10,500,000
3,500,000
10 Years
7 Years
On January 1, 2014, the entity- decided to review the use nature life of the
property, plant and equipment. On such date the remaining life is 10 years
for the building, 7 years for the machinery and 5 years for the furniture.
The entity use the straight line method of depreciation with no residual
value, what is the total depreciation for 2014?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2,650,000
3,700,000
2,550,000
3,500,000
125,000
150,000
187,500
250,000
700,000
500,000
750,000
600,000
making the claim from the local government as it had not been entitled to
the refund of purchase taxes on acquisition of the barge. The 'useful life of
the barge is 15 years from the date of acquisition. The residual value of
the barge is NIL. In 2014, the period over which the barge is expected to
be economically usable increased from 15 to 26 years. However, the entity
expects to dispose of the barge after using it for 20 years from the date of
acquisition. On December 31, 2014, the entity assessed the residual value
of the barge at P800,000. What is the carrying amount of the barge on
December 31, 2014?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3,600,000
3,400,000
3,460,000
3,420,000
Weighted Average
7,200,000
7,700,000
7,900,000
8,300,000
Ignoring income tax, what amount should be reported as the effect of the
accounting change in the statement of changes in equity for 2014?
a.
b.
c.
d.
500,000
400,000
900,000
600,000
Goddard Company had used the FIFO method of inventory valuation since
it began operation in 2011. The entity decided to change to the weighted
average method for determining inventory cost at the beginning of 2014.
The entity provided the following year-end inventory balances under FIFO
and weighted average method:
Year
FIFO
2011
Weighted average
4,500,000
2012
5,400,000
7,800,000
7,100,000
2013
7,800,000
8,300,000
What amount before income tax should be reported in the 2014 statement
of retained earnings as the cumulative effect of the change in accounting
policy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
500,000
300,000
500,000
300,000
decreased
decreased
increased
increased
2011
2012
2013
25,000,000
42,000,000
18 000 000
29,000,000
7,000,000
13,000,000
Casualty loss
( 2,000,000 )
Income
2012
2013
Contract I
7,000,000
Contract 2
5,000,000 8,000,000
Contract 3
Contract 4
1,000,000 6,000,000
Contract 5
(1,000,000)
6,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
0
2012
700,000
Net Income
150,000
200,000
850,000
1,300,000
1,350,000
1,400,000
1,325,000
600,000
180,000
420,000
0
December
31, 2013
Development Cost
5,840,000
Amortization
8,160,000
(1,800,000)
(1,200,000)
6,360,000
1,720,000
4,640,000
0
280,000
300,000
580,000
0
2013
Average Cost
FIFO cost
2014
500,000
700,000
900,000
1,400,000
2014
10,000,000
7,000,000
Operating expense
2,000,000
1,500,000
450,000
13,000,000
9,000,000
What amount of net income should be reported in 2014 after the change
to the FIFO inventory method?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1,610,000
2,300,000
1,750,000
1,890,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,650,000
1,950,000