web technologies

---------------some historical details

TCP : handles conversion between messages and streams packets
IP : handles addressing of packets across networks
TCP/IP : enables packets to be sent across multiple networks using multiple stan
dards
Telnet : one of the earliest standards for exchanging transmission, directly con
nect accounts on different systems.
SMTP : specifies another way of direct connection : email application
MIME : Extension to the SMTP protocol which supports the exchange of richer data
files such as audio, video and images data
FTP : (1973) supports file transfer between internet sites and allow a system to
publish a set of files by hosting an FTP server. innovation => permits anonymou
s users to transfer files
Archie : late 1980's distributed file system based on FTP
Gopher : first simple system, providing GUI.
core web technologies
HTTP (Hypertext transfer Protocol)
- generic, stateless protocol
- governs the transfer of files across a network
- developed at CERN (Central European Research Network), they also came up with
the name WWW, later W3C
- support access to SMTP, FTP and other protocols
- was designed to support hypertext.
HTTP
user - common application (browser) directly send the request to the web server
- web server search - after get the information send it back to browser and disp
lay it to the user
core web technologies
- exchanged information, can be static or dinamic
- every resource, accessible over the web has URL (uniform resource locator)
- HTTP mechanism is based on client
- limitation of http version 1.1 requires servers to suppert persistent connecti
ons, to minimize
- http is stateless
- no suitable for transactions: does not provide storing of information
between requests
- no indication of any relationship between two different requests
-> cookies, small data structures that a web server requests the HTTP client to
store on the local machine, are used to maintain state information
e.g. cookies store recently view items on a web shop
client
a client is thre requesting program in a client/server relationship
server
computer program that provde services to other information
web browser
application use by client
html
tagging language used to compose documents

web page
a mixture of text, graphics, sound and animation in the HTML format, to make inf
ormation accessible in a easy to understand format using the internet
web site:
a collection of web pages connected (linked) by hypertext clickable links
web site storage/hosting
after a web site is desined it must be stored on a computer that can be accessed
through the internet and the world-widde web.
URL (uniform resource locator):
the URL is a "standard" way of easily expressing the location and data type of a
resource
- unique address for a resource on the internet
- scheme://hostname[:port]/path/filename
scheme:
- http: hypertext transfer protocol
- ftp: file transfer protocol
- malito: send email
- news: newsnet news
DNS (domain name services):
DNS refers to a network service that associates host names (alphanumeric) with t
heir equivalent TCP/IP address.
XML no focus to display the content but focus to compose the document
main tecnological components that make up moden web pages
* HTML - hypertext markup language
* CSS
* javascript
Javascript
what javascript isn't
- java (object-oriented programming language)
- a "programmers-only" language
what javascript is
- extension to HTML (support depends on browser)
- an accessible, object-based scripting language
what javascript is for
interactivity with the user:
- input (user provides data to application)
- processing (application manipulates data)
- output (application provides results to user)
implementing javascript
- direct insertion into page (immediate)
- direct insertion into page (deffered)
web based application
B2C (business to consumer)
- conventional 3-tier architectures are designed to operate within a single comp
any -> data exchanges occur within the safe boundaries of the company
- in principles there are no reasons why the system could not be opened
to other users if the need arises
ATM (automatic teller machines are an excellent example of the advantage

s if doing so)
B2C
- client /server system
- a pc with a network connection to the information services of the bank
- gives customers easier access to their accounts without the bank incurring
- a significant part of manual work disappears
- more efficient
B2C limitations
- customer must travel to the nearest ATM, would not be necessary, access to the
ir bank accounts any time, helps extend its functionality.
problem
- users wanting to take advantages of this opportunity would need to have specia
lized clients for every company they want to interact with
- complexity would grow enormous -> administration.
solution
- one of the biggest contributions of the web -> providing a universal client fo
r such extensions
- nowadayas such architectures are implemented by letting the remote com
puter use a web browser as a client
- since web browsers are standards tools, no application specific client
has to be installed.
application servers
- equivalent to middleware platforms
- main difference -> intercorporation of the web as a key access channel
to the services implemented using the middleware -> several important implicati
ons
- the presentation layer acquires a much more relevant role
- direct consequence of how HTTP and the web work.
application servers - short overview
realized by merging the presentation layer related to the web with the applicati
on layer of the middleeware platform
reason -> to allow the efficient delivery of content through the web as well as
to simplify the management of the web applications
CGI (common gateway interface)
applet = html + java
servlet = java to generate to html
TUGAS DISCUSSION
---------------selo@ugm.ac.id
subject: TEI630
1. WHAT IS WEB SERVER? NAME ANY THREE WEB SERVERS
2. WHAT IS HYPERTEXT PROTOCOL? EXPLAIN THE REQUEST PHASE AND RESPONSE PHASE IN D
ETAIL
3. GIVE A DEFINITION AND EXPLAIN STANDARD xhtml DOCUMENT STRUCTURE
4. WHARE ARE CSS STYLE SHEETS? WHAT IS ADVANTAGE OF DOCUMENT-E