Commentary

Lesson Commentary
ADULT
Contents
Editors Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About the Writers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction
...............................................
2
3
5
Lesson 1
Conquering Temptations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
James 1:1-27
Lesson 2
Good Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
James 2:1-26
Lesson 3
Controlling the Tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

James 3:1-18
Lesson 4
Submissive to Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
James 4:1-17
Lesson 5
Prevailing Prayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lesson 6
Reputation of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
James 5:1-20
1 Thessalonians 1:1-10
Lesson 7
Review of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Lesson 8
Characteristics of a Model Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Lesson 9
Rapture of the Saints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Lesson 10
Responsibilities of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Lesson 11
The Day of Vengeance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Lesson 12
The Day of the Lord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Lesson 13
Patiently Awaiting the Return of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Bibliography
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
ADULT LESSON COMMENTARY, Sunday School, Vol. 6, No. 1, issued June 1, 2004, is published quarterly at
$3.55 per quarter. Prepared by Charles Law, O. H. Griffith and Terry Parrish. Cover design by Jeff Allen; Cover
Image 1996 PhotoDisc, Inc. Larry E. Clements, Editor in Chief, <larryclements@abaptist.org>; Wayne Sewell,
Business Manager, <wsewell@abaptist.org>. Copyright 2004, BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL COMMITTEE of
the American Baptist Association, 4605 N. State Line Ave., Texarkana, TX 75503-2928. Phone: 1-800-264-2482.
Editors Note
Christian living is all about living Christian. God has always longed for His
people to live Christian lives. But if we are truly living in the last days, it is
even more needful that Christians live clean for Christ. The darker the night,
the brighter the light that shines.
So how can Christians live clean in a dirty world? The subject this quarter,
Living for Christ in the Last Days, will really help the serious student to do
just that. During this Summer Quarter three New Testament books will be
examined: James, 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
James is a most practical book. Our study of James will focus on practical
aspects of Christian living. Lessons will focus on how to conquer temptations,
the importance of good works, how to control the tongue, the submissive way
to separation and how to prevail in prayer. The book of James urges genuine
faith in Christ that becomes visible in godly living and righteous behavior.
The Christian who practices what James preaches will be more Christlike.
The remaining eight lessons on 1 and 2 Thessalonians are a great mixture
of doctrine and practice and of belief and behavior. The origin of this young
church is traced to Pauls second missionary journey, Acts 17:1-10. This
church is unique in the New Testament for several reasons.
One unique thing about the church at Thessalonica is that Paul was only
there for three Sabbath days. The Thessalonian church was planted and grew
mature and strong with less than one month of Pauline supervision. When
you read of their depth of knowledge about the rapture, the return of Christ,
the coming of the anti-Christ, sanctification and Christian living, it is amazing they were so grounded so soon.
Another unique thing about the Thessalonian church is that it is the only
church Paul ever referred to as exemplary. Paul wrote, So that ye were
ensamples to all that believe in Macedonia and Achaia (1 Thess. 1:7). Since
this church was singularly exemplary, it would behoove anyone serious about
church order and growth to carefully examine the doctrine and practice of this
church. It was not a perfect church, but it did many things well. And what
Paul heartily commends, we may safely emulate.
The Adult Lesson Commentary is an in-depth study of the Scripture passages in each lesson. Every lesson consists of three elements: the narrative of
the Scripture passage; the Manna, a discussion of interesting and informative
topics related to the Scripture passage and the Word Studies, which are based
on specific words used in the numbering system of Strongs Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible and is provided for the benefit of those who want to
examine the word in greater detail.
For this issue of the Adult Lesson Commentary, we appreciate Charles Law
who wrote the lesson narratives, Terry Parrish who did the Word Studies, and
O. H. Griffith who prepared the Mannas. Brother Griffith went to be with the
Lord on January 28, 2004. We will genuinely miss his gentle spirit and scholarly contribution.
Larry E. Clements
Editor in Chief
Sunday School Committee
About the Writers

All recognized for their knowledge, wisdom and understanding of the holy
Scriptures, the writers of the Adult Lesson Commentary are faithful pastors,
teachers and spiritual leaders among the Lords churches. Following are a few
biographical notes about these men.
Charles Law was reared in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where

he attended Central Baptist Church from early childhood.
He was saved and baptized as a teenager and announced his
call to the ministry at age eighteen. A year later he was
ordained by his home church.
Brother Law was educated at The College of the Ozarks
in Clarksville, Arkansas, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts
Degree. He then earned the Master and Doctor in Bible Languages degrees from the Missionary Baptist Seminary in Little Rock,
Arkansas.
Brother Law pastored churches in Arkansas for several years, after which
he entered the chaplaincy of the United States Air Force. For twenty years he
represented the churches of the American Baptist Association as an Air Force
chaplain. He has served as a writer of various curriculum materials for many
years. He and his wife, Nancy, have two children, a daughter, Paula, and a
son, Chancy, and two grandchildren. Brother and Mrs. Law reside in Sherwood, Arkansas, where they faithfully serve the Lord.
Brother O. H. Griffith was a native Texan, saved and baptized at Mt. Bethel Church, Gary, Texas, 1928. He was
licensed (1936) and ordained (1938) by Smyrna Church, Mt.
Enterprise, Texas. He taught in the public schools of East
Texas and pastored churches part-time from 1938-1948. He
resigned the teaching profession and pastored White Oak
Church, White Oak, Texas, 1948-1955; Lowell Street Baptist
Church, Texarkana, Arkansas, 1956-1985. He passed away
January 28, 2004.
Brother Griffith had a Bachelor of Science Degree from Stephen F. Austin
University, Nacogdoches, Texas, and a Th.D. from Texas Baptist InstituteSeminary, Henderson, Texas. He wrote the Senior Sunday School Quarterly
1951-1957; was Editor in Chief of the Baptist Sunday School Committee
1955-1980.
Brother Terry Parrish was born and raised in McDougal,

Arkansas. He was saved at the age of eleven and baptized by
the Pleasant Grove Missionary Baptist Church in Success,
Arkansas. Upon graduation from high school Terry entered
the Missionary Baptist Seminary in Little Rock, Arkansas.
He earned the Bachelor of Bible Languages Degree, the Master of Bible Languages Degree and the Doctor of Bible Languages degree from that school.
Brother Parrish served as pastor of several churches in Arkansas and is
now serving as pastor of Springhill Missionary Baptist Church in Alexander,
Arkansas. He is also an instructor at the Missionary Baptist Seminary in Little Rock. He has served as writer for the Baptist Sunday School Committee
for several years.
Brother Terry and his wife, Sandra, are parents of two children, Clay and
Shelly.
The Book of James

Introduction
Title. This book is among those often designated informally as the general
epistles of the New Testament. The general epistles are so designated because
in most instances they were not addressed to a specific church or individual.
In contrast, most of Pauls epistles were sent to a particular church or individual. (Perhaps it should be noted that the epistles of 2 John and 3 John are
grouped with the general epistles even though they were addressed to specific individuals.) The epistle of James, like the other general epistles, was
named for its author.
Author. The name James is the Greek equivalent of Jacob. It seems that
the author of this epistle was the James who was a physical brother of Jesus
(Matt.13:55; Mark 6:3) who also became the pastor of the church at Jerusalem
(Gal. 1:19; 2:9; Acts 12:17; 15:13). As the pastor of a huge congregation of Jewish believers, he would be deeply concerned about the well-being of all Jewish
Christians.
Date. Many scholars believe that James was martyred in approximately
AD 63. If that assumption is correct, then the epistle of James would have
been written prior to that date, perhaps sometime between AD 45 and AD 60.
Theme. The epistle of James is more practical than philosophical. The
underlying theme of this book is religion, that is, the outward, visible activities of the service which one claims to render to God. James urged upon his
readers a pure religion, one that was undefiled before God (James 1:27). If
one will keep in mind that James dealt with religious expressions and activities, then his emphasis upon believers good works and appropriate conduct
will be more readily understood.
Distinctives. Even though the book of James is relatively short, it is rich
in literary qualities. The author made frequent use of figurative expressions
and rhetorical questions. He often personified virtues and vices, sin and
graces. He sought to awaken and arouse the interest of his readers by pictures from everyday life with references to horses bridles, ships rudders and
raging fires. He used paradoxes to provoke thought and cited examples of
well-known men and women to underscore his points.
Organization. Several divisions or outlines regarding James could be
developed. A simple three-point synopsis of this epistle is as follows: (1)
FaithThe Motivation of Pure Religion (1:12:13), (2) Good WorksThe
Expression of Pure Religion (2:144:17) and (3) Christs ReturnThe
Encouragement of Pure Religion (5:1-20).
5
Lesson 1
For Sunday, June 6, 2004
Conquering Temptations
James 1:1-27
The epistle of James is concerned with the everyday application of the

believers faith to everyday living. Therefore, James urged his readers to
endure trials and resist temptations, to be doers of the Word and practitioners of pure religion. Correct doctrine is unquestionably of great worth; however, it is of little value if it is not exemplified by godly living. Believers words
and works must be in harmony.
Monday, May 31
Lesson 1
THE TEST OF FAITH
James 1:1-4
Most Christians become discouraged by trials; however, James affirms that

we should meet times of testing with joy. Trials and tribulations can confirm
and even deepen our faith and bring out the best in us. When tests have to be
experienced, patience is the watchword.
A Servant of God (verse 1). The writer of this epistle identified himself
by his name and a reference to his status in relation to God. Such a statement
was a testimony to his humility because he could have mentioned that he was
a half brother of Jesus and pastor of the church in Jerusalem, the largest of
all the Christian congregations. The Greek word for servant is doulos, which
means bondservant or slave. The term denotes compulsory service. The
servant of God submits himself totally to his Master. James also described
himself as the servant of the Lord Jesus Christ indicating that he acknowledged as the Messiah from God the One who was crucified.
The Scattered Tribes (verse 1). The expression, the twelve tribes, is an
inclusive term which embraces all of the people of Israel. The phrase scattered
abroad refers to the Jews who had been dispersed throughout the Roman
empire. The dispersed Jews to whom James addressed in this epistle were
those who had trusted Jesus and were living in all parts of the civilized world.
While Gentile believers should study and heed the teachings of this epistle,
James encouragements and exhortations were directed primarily to his kinsmen in the flesh who, like him, had come to know Jesus as Savior, the One
whom the Jewish leaders had persuaded the Roman authorities to crucify.
Encountering Trials (verse 2). The Greek word for temptations does not
refer to solicitations or inducements to commit sin, but to instances of testing.
6
Conquering Temptations / 7
To fall into trials is to experience testings through the course of ones daily
activities, like the man in the parable of the good Samaritan fell among
thieves (Luke 10:30). The word divers means various. When one encounters
any kind of hardship, opposition or adversity in living for Christ, the reaction
all too frequently is to become disappointed, angry, bitter or resentful; however, James encouraged his readers to rejoice when they experienced trials.
The expression, count it all joy, indicates that believers should regard adversities as opportunities to serve their Lord. An example of this can be seen
when the apostles had been beaten for preaching and teaching in the Temple
courtyard. They rejoiced because they had been counted worthy to suffer for
his name (Acts 5:41).
The Trial of Faith (verse 3). In this verse James assured his readers that
the testings which they experienced from time to time could have beneficial
consequences. The Greek root from which trying is translated has to do with
proving or testing. Metals are assayed to determine their purity and value.
Manufactured products are tested to ascertain their safety and reliability. Theories
Trying: the authenticity of faith is
and philosophies should be examined to
at stake in James 1:3. James
learn their accuracy and validity. For believdesired to impart that the
reader understand and verify
ers, adversities can reveal whether their
the genuine nature of the faith
faith is in God, themselves or a set of cirof a person.This work implies
cumstances. Faith that meets the test will
that something could be
produce patience. The Greek word for
proven, trusted and acknowledged.The faith of a person can
patience denotes more than merely a deterexpect to be tested or proven.
mination to endure trials or difficulties. It is
Word Study #1383.
the ability to turn adversity into greatness
and glory. Patience is not a stoic resignation
to ones fate but an overcoming attitude that through Jesus, we can be more
than conquerors. Joyful endurance produces a victorious attitude regardless
of the circumstances.
The Triumph of Patience (verse 4). The phrase let patience have her perfect work refers to the logical, appropriate outcome of true patience. The term
perfect work speaks of a fully developed
Patience: the concept is more
effect or result. When believers are steadthan waiting longer than anyone
fast in the face of trials and adversities, we
else. It is the idea of endurance.
develop a character that does not lack any
The person with this patience
bears up under the load of life
trait or attribute. True patience produces
and does not swerve.There is a
attitudes and dispositions which are perfect
purpose to life and a loyalty to
and entire, that is fully developed and comfaith that does not crash or
become unsteady.This kind of
pletely equipped. If we are perfect and
patience is one that lasts no
entire, we will react properly to any trial.
matter the dilemmas. Word
We will not only be able to endure the cirStudy #5281.
cumstances but also rise above them.
8 / James 1:1-27
Believers who are fully developed and completely equipped are not deficient
in anything. The phrase wanting nothing speaks of the defeat of an army, the
giving up of a struggle or the failure to reach a standard that should have
been achieved. The triumph of patience means that daily we develop an
unswerving constancy and live more victoriously over sin.
Tuesday, June 1
WISDOM FROM GOD
Lesson 1
James 1:5-8
Having alerted his readers that times of testing will most certainly occur,
James mentioned next the need for believers to exercise wisdom so that they
would be able to conduct themselves appropriately under trials. Such wisdom
is not produced by human cleverness or ingenuity.
A Divine Gift (verse 5). The wisdom to which this verse refers is not factual knowledge or even intellectual acumen. It is that quality of perception
and understanding which enables one to discern the proper balance of temporal needs, desires, opportunities and obligations against eternal issues.
That was the wisdom for which King Solomon prayed (2 Chron. 1:8-12), and
he included in the book of Proverbs the principles of the wisdom he had
received. Such wisdom is obtained today in the same mannerthough not to
the same extentin which Solomon received his extraordinary wisdom. If
anyone lacks wisdom, let him do as Solomon did and ask God for that which
he lacks. Such a petition when asked in sincerity and humility will be granted. God will be generous with His gift and will not make the seeker feel intimidated (He upbraideth not). It should be noted that God grants wisdom in
accordance with our need for it and our ability to use it properly.
The Conditions for Wisdom (verse 6). Those who seek divine wisdom
must seek it under a twofold condition: (1) we must ask in faith and (2) we
must ask unwaveringly. In regard to faith, we must be fully persuaded that
God will see us through our trials and give us whatever we need to remain
true to Him. Moreover, we must be resolved to maintain our testimony for
God whatever the cost might be. The word wavering denotes indecision and
doubts. One who is not definitely certain that he wants to endure the trial
and maintain a steadfast testimony for God will not be given the wisdom
needed for the time of testing. During a storm, the waves of the sea are at the
mercy of the wind. Likewise, when the storms of life strike us, we will be
tossed like the ocean waves unless we have the calming grace of wisdom
which God gives only to those who ask in faith with a sincere desire to make
the right decisions regardless of the consequences or circumstances.
The Peril of Instability (verses 7, 8). An unstable believerone who
wavers and is tossed back and forth by the winds of adversitycannot expect
to receive the gift of divine wisdom (verse 7).
Wavering: in the positive this
The reason why God will not grant wisdom
word means to make a disto such an individual is because He knows
tinction or to discriminate.
that His gift will not be used. In verse 8 a
The negative comes with the
wavering believer is described as a doublemeaning to doubt or to
minded person. The expression doublewaver. In our faith we are not
to make distinctions but to
minded literally means with two souls.
have a confident trust.The use
The Greek word for soul is psuche, from
of this term shows that the
which we get psyche, which is the basis for
wind drives the sea, and faith is
such terms as psychology, psychic and psynot to change directions as the
chosis. The psyche is that which governs
winds do the sea.We might
speak of swirling winds. Our
ones total being in its interactions with the
faith should not swirl but be
environment. A double-minded person is
steady and confident. Word
unsure of what he wants and is unclear as to
Study #1252.
how he can accomplish what he thinks he
should do. At times he believes that God can
deliver him from his trials, but then he becomes overwhelmed with doubts.
Sometimes he is ready to trust God completely, but then he decides that
human strength and wisdom can be more effective. Consequently, he is unstable in all his purposes, motives and endeavors. Such instability is generally
evidence of an unsubdued will and is often an indication of an inflated ego.
Wednesday, June 2
A REASON TO REJOICE
Lesson 1
James 1:9-12
On the surface it may seem as if these verses have little or nothing to do

with the overall context, which is how believers are to deal with trials in their
lives; however, this passage addresses a common form of trial, which is the
occurrence of a marked change in ones material circumstances.
Rejoicing Despite Ones Circumstances (verse 9). The word brother is
a reminder that James had in view believers in Christ. If anyone can put temporal and eternal matters in proper perspective, it is one who has assurance
of eternal life through his faith in Jesus Christ. The phrase low degree speaks
of humility. Not all poor people are humble, and not all wealthy people are
proud, but humble people are poor in spirit (Matt. 5:3), and they have the
same mind as did Jesus when He humbled Himself and came to earth as a
man to experience the shameful death of crucifixion (Phil. 2:5-8). The Greek
word for rejoice in this verse does not refer to gladness or joy, but it essentially
means to glory or to boast. The term for exalted means to be lifted up.
Those who humble themselves are lifted up by God. For whosoever exalteth
himself shall be abased [that is, made low]; and he that humbleth himself
shall be exalted (Luke 14:11).
10 /
James 1:1-27
Circumstance Does Not

Bring
Joy (verse 10). Rich
anna
people are strongly tempted to
Poor Brother and Rich Brother (James 1:9boast in their wealth. Many of
11): The cross of Christ is a great leveler.
The eternal rewards are not determined by
them succumb to such temptawealth or the lack thereof but by what a
tions; however, those who are
person does with the opportunities that he
wealthy are not to boast in
is given. The rich may be able to do more
for Christ in the worlds view, but in Heavtheir possessions. Instead,
ens view the poor may actually excel. The
they should glory in their
poor may rejoice in that in the eyes of God
abasement, or that they have
he is exalted. The rich may rejoice in that
God is in control, and even if he comes to
been made low. It is difficult
poverty, if he served God with his riches,
but certainly not impossible for
heavenly rewards await him.
rich people to humble themEarthly glory is short-lived. The morning glory flower is beautiful in the cool
selves before God and recogmorning, but it is wilted and unattractive
nize Him as their Lord and
in the heat of the afternoon. This reminds
Master. At best, a rich man
all that they must act when the opportunity is present, for it will soon pass.
will be able to enjoy his wealth
The Text is not a condemnation of the
for a relatively short time. As a
rich. Many godly men were wealthy: Job,
rich man, he shall pass away
Abraham and Joseph of Arimathaea. But
all die. Then, the rich and poor meet
as grass that has been cut
together (Prov. 22:2).
withers quickly and dries out
completely. While wealthy people cannot hold on to their riches forever, they can like other believers build
up treasures in Heaven (Matt. 6:19-21). Even the most favorable material circumstances cannot bring true joy, and the reverse of that is also true, so
believers can rejoice even in the face of unfavorable circumstances.
The Brevity of Riches (verse 11). Depicted in this verse is the futility of
a life which is focused on riches. One whose time and efforts are dominated
by the accumulation of material goods is likely to learn that the chances and
changes of earthly existence can cause him to lose all his wealth in short
order. The beauty and splendor of the vegetable realm are brief when exposed
to the blistering heat of the sun. In like manner, rich people find that their
possessions cannot insulate them from the trials and adversities of life, an
example of which can be seen in the case of the patriarch Job. Although he
was one of the wealthiest men of his time, he suddenly found himself bereft
of practically all that he had. Not only did he lose his great wealth, his loving
family, his many friends, his health and his status in society, but even his wife
turned against him. Despite all his losses, however, Job maintained his
integrity and met his trials with resilient faith in his God (Job 1:21, 22; 2:9,
10).
The Crown of Life Promised (verse 12). Believers who face their trials
with faith in God and seek His wisdom in coping with the tests to which they
are subjected will experience a great sense of joy in this lifethey are
blessedand are assured of the reward of a crown of life afterwards. The
crown of life is not salvation. Salvation is a gift which is received through
faith in Jesus Christ, while crowns are rewards given to believers for faithful
service after they have been saved. The crown of life is a reward for faithful
endurance in the face of adversities and even persecution (Rev. 2:10). If the
crown of life is not eternal life, then one might ask, What is it? Most likely,
the crown of life has something to do with an enhanced or deepened appreciation for eternal life. It is certainly fitting that at least some who receive this
reward will have lost their physical lives due to persecution or other adversities to which they were subjected due to their Christian testimony.
Thursday, June 3
Lesson 1
HOW TO ENDURE TEMPTATION
James 1:13-16
Previously, James referred to temptation in the sense of testing or trial. In

this passage, he speaks of temptation as an enticement to sin. God permits
trials to strengthen us, as can be seen in the example of Job, but He never
entices anyone, whether saved or
unsaved, to do evil.
anna
Recognize the Source of
TemptationResults of (James 1:13-15):
Temptation (verse 13). It has
In the Bible, temptation is used in two senses. One, it is used for testing; the other is
been taught that because God is
solicitation to evil. God does not tempt
omniscient and omnipotent, He is
people to evil. Solicitation to evil comes
responsible for everything that
from Satan. Eve is a prime example of this.
Satan, like a harlot, enticed her, and lust
occurs in the universe, whether it
(desire) led her to yield to the temptation.
is evil or good. In a sense that is
This resulted in her becoming impregnattrue; however, for God to permit
ed with sin. By nature a pregnancy was
something to occur is not the
terminated in a birth. Sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death (James 1:15).
same as to direct it. God does not
The final result of sin is death.
want anyone to sin, and He cerThere is a natural death, and there is a
tainly does not entice anyone to
spiritual death. Physical death comes to
all. Spiritual death is separation from God.
do evil. Because God is not
This came about by Adams sin, but the
responsible for any solicitations
death of Christ satisfied this debt, so that
for evil, it follows that believers
all who repent of sin and trust Christ are
should seek to avoid situations in
saved. They have eternal life.
which they are likely to be tempt-
12 / James 1:1-27
ed to commit sin. God does not direct such enticements, and He is not pleased
when we subject ourselves to temptations; however, even when we do get into
a compromising situation, God does not leave us to cope with the matter
alone. We have divine assurance that none of our temptations are impossible
to resist, and if we sincerely want to withstand the solicitation to sin, He will
provide us a way of escape (1 Cor. 10:13).
Understand the Progression of Sin (verses 14, 15). Set forth in these
verses are the four stages in sin. First, there is the enticement to sin. Satan
tempts us through our human nature. He makes something appealing
through the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes or the pride of life (1 John
2:16). Next, there is the conception of sin. This is an act of the will. We agree
that what Satan wants us to do would be pleasant, enjoyable or gratifying. At
this second stage, believers are likely to justify in their own minds the sin
which they want to commit. Note that there is the opportunity to resist sin at
either of the first two stages by acting on the promise of 1 Corinthians 10:13;
however, if that is not done, stage three is certain to occur which is the actual commission of sin. If enticement and conception are not resisted, an act of
sin will definitely follow. The conclusion or final stage of sin is death. That
was what Adam was told (Gen. 2:17), and the apostle Paul confirmed that
principle (Rom. 6:23). There are different ways in which death is the payoff
for sin. In Adams case, his sin separated him from the fellowship he had
enjoyed with God. Physical death is the result of the sinful nature working in
ones body. The second death is the eternal separation of unbelievers from the
presence of God. For believers, sin in our lives can be the cause of the death
of our influence, reputation, witnessing effectiveness and character.
Resist Temptations To Sin (verse 16). Because of the certainty of the
cause and effect principle regarding sin, believers should resist all enticements to sin. The progression of sin is a slippery slope which will lead to disastrous consequences unless the slide is stopped at either the first or second
stage. This is the reason for the exhortation in verse 16. The Greek word for
err refers to a departure from the straight path. Temptations cause us to look
aside, and when we decide to step away from the straight path, we are heading in the wrong direction. This same thought is suggested in verse 14 by the
warning that one is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and
enticed. Distractions and allurements in and of themselves are not necessarily sinful, but they are likely to lead to sin. This is why we must resist all
temptations to sin. If King David had looked away and retreated from his
viewpoint when he saw Bath-sheba bathing (2 Sam. 11:2-5), he would have
avoided much tragedy.
Friday, June 4
THE UNCHANGING GOD
Lesson 1
James 1:17-21
In this passage James stressed the fact that everything which God gives is
good. The inference from this is that because everything from God is good, He
cannot be responsible for sin. In all that happens with us and to us, Gods purpose is to bring us victoriously through our tests and our temptations as well.
No Variableness or Turning (verse 17). God is the source of all that is
good. This is in marked contrast to the fact that He is not the cause of temptation. The title Father of lights is a reminder that in one sense all light comes
from God. The physical lightsthe sun, moon, starswere created by God
(Gen. 1:14-19), and spiritual light emanates from Him as well (John 1:4, 5).
The metaphor of the physical lights is underscored by the references to variableness and shadow of turning. These terms speak that the heavenly bodies
change their positions, at least from the standpoint of the earth, from season
to season and even from day to day. For example, the angle at which the sun
strikes the earth changes from winter to summer. Moreover, the time of sunrise and sunset varies by a few moments from day to day, but with God there
is no variableness or turning. He is the One in the universe that is always
constant and unchanging.
The Word of Truth (verse 18). The word begat alludes to the new birth
which is one of the great topics of the Bible. When a believer is born again, he
becomes a child of God. That one is begotten by the will of God means that the
new birth experience occurs in accordance with the purposes of God. (Compare John 1:13.) The expression the word of truth refers to the Scriptures in
general and to the gospel more specifically. From the Word of Truth we learn
to repent of our sins and trust Jesus as Savior. After having become a child of
God through the new birth, a believer should regard himself as belonging
exclusively to God. This is illustrated by the reference to the firstfruits. The
Feast of Firstfruits occurred a couple of days following the Passover (Lev.
23:9-14). The purpose of that feast was to acknowledge that the harvest is due
to the goodness of God. His grace and mercy also make the new birth possible for believers.
Human Wrath and Divine Righteousness (verses 19, 20). In view of all
that God has done for believers, we should be mindful of how we conduct ourselves, especially when subjected to trials and temptations. Someone who is
dealing with adversities might be inclined to lash out at those who oppose
him, a reaction often excused as righteous indignation; however, human
wrath does not produce divine righteousness. The word righteousness essentially refers to attitudes and actions that are godly. Thus, James admonished
his readers to be ready more to hear than to speak and to be slow especially
in any expressions of anger. A believer who does not have a credible testimo-
14 /
James 1:1-27
ny before the world is ineffective as a witness for the Lord. Quick tempers and
loose tongues are usually detrimental to the cause of Christ. On the other
hand, a calm, reasoned response by a believer generally gains the respect of
an unbeliever even if he is not fully persuaded to become a Christian. Sooner
or later, in one form or another, trials and temptations will confront every
believer. When the times of testing occur, it will behoove us and the cause
which we seek to advance to allow human wrath to be subjected to divine
righteousness.
The Implanted Word (verse 21). If human wrath is encouraged or even
indulged, it is likely to lead to ever more serious sins. Therefore, James
exhorts believers to put aside filthiness and
superfluity of naughtiness. These terms
Engrafted: The term means to
be implanted by others. This
denote an intensity of sin. The Greek word
word refers to receiving the
for filthiness indicates soiling or defilement,
Word of God and implanting it
while the expression superfluity of naughtiin the heart.The implant comes
ness describes an overflowing of wickedness.
from the source of the Bible.
Such sinful pursuits and practices should be
The grafting splices and
rejected, and in their place, the Word of God
becomes a part of the nature
should be allowed to sink deeply into the
of the person.We are to do
this for the rescue of our conhearts of believers. (Note: The Greek word
scious being. Word Study
for engrafted literally means implanted.)
#1721.
When the Word of God is implanted in ones
life, it will result in the salvation of the soul
(life). This salvation is not the new birth experiencethat was described in
verse 18. The reference to the saving of ones soul (life) speaks of a positive,
effective testimony for Christ in a believers life. (See comments on verse 8 in
regard to the phrase double-minded.)
Saturday, June 5
DOERS OF THE WORD
Lesson 1
James 1:22-27
Having been born again through the Word of Truth, believers are called
upon to live out their lives in obedience to the Scriptures. It is not enough to
know what the Bible teaches, but we must live according to the teachings of
the Word. The essence of true religion is applied Christianity.
A Distorted Reflection (verses 22-24). An intellectual awareness of the
truths of the Bible is important, but such an understanding, regardless of
how thorough it might be, is insufficient in and of itself. To study the Scriptures without obeying them is to be self-deceived (verse 22). To know the
Word without following its teachings is to be like one who views his image in
a mirror but fails to make any improvements in his appearance. Such a
believer would be like someone who sees his reflectionin Bible times mir-
rors were made of highly polished metal rather than glass

anna
and notices smudges on his face
Doers of the Word (James 1:22): James
that need to be washed or
addressed believers, church members. It
disheveled hair which needs to
was not enough for them to hear the Word,
they had to obey the Word. The early
be brushed or combed, yet goes
church members heard the Lord say, Go
away without improving his
ye into all the world, and preach the
appearance and soon forgets all
gospel to every creature (Mark 16:15), but
about what needed to be correctto be obedient, they had to go. Following
ed (verses 23, 24). Because he
the persecution that came upon the church
in Jerusalem, the members began to do the
soon forgot about the need to
Word. They went everywhere preaching
wash his face or comb his hair,
the Word.
he omitted to do anything about
Naaman heard Elishas prescription for
his appearance. This is an illushis healing, but he had to do as he was
told for it to be effective (2 Kings 5).
tration of believers who read the
Todays churches are filled with hearers
Bible or hear the Word as it is
of the Word, but too few of the hearers are
preached and taught and learn
doers of the Word. Preaching the gospel
from the Scriptures how God
(telling the story of salvation by faith in
expects them to conduct themChrist) is not reserved for preachers, but it
is the responsibility of every saved person.
selves. They see what is wrong,
and they see what should be
done to correct the deficiencies
in their lives; but if they are only hearers of the Word, they make no changes
in their conduct. What they have heard or learned does nothing for them.
An Accurate Reflection (verse 25). In this verse James continues to
depict the Word of God as a mirror. The synonym for the Scriptures is the
perfect law of liberty. The Bible is a law because it is the expression of God,
the ultimate Lawgiver, and as such, it sets forth what God expects His people
to do and not to do. The Bible is the law of liberty because it is not enforced
by external compulsion but is to be freely accepted as the desire and aim of
those who are guided by it. When the Bible is properly applied in ones life, a
tremendous sense of release and freedom is experienced. The Bible is the perfect law of liberty because it is inspired by God and is complete. No additions,
changes or updating are needed. Moreover, the Bible is fully authoritative as
a guide for ones daily conduct and the manner in which believers are to worship and serve God. One who hears and heeds the Word will do the work
which God wants him to do. Such faithful service to God will result in a
happy, productive life. James declaration of blessedness in this verse echoes
Jesus assurance in John 13:17, If ye know these things, happy [blessed] are
ye if ye do them.
Empty Religion or Pure Religion (verses 26, 27)? Two kinds of religion
are mentioned in this passage. The Greek root for the words religious and
religion refers to external, outward forms of worship. Empty (vain) religion is
16 /
James 1:1-27
a religion of deception. This is

true in two respects, as set forth
anna
in verse 26. First, empty religion
Pure Religion (James 1:27): One who
deceives others. A person who
attends church regularly, tithes, prays and
merely seems to be religious does
teaches a class might be said to be relinot control (bridle) his tongue.
gious. All that is good, but it may be vain,
He boasts of his accomplishempty and useless. Pure religion and effective religion involves more. (1) It involves
ments and goodness, and he cenbridling (controlling) the tongue. Failure to
sures others because they do not
bridle the tongue more than any other
measure up to his standards.
matter, probably, has caused a breech of
Even worse than deceiving othfellowship in the churches. The old saying,
ers, however, is that the person
count to ten before you speak, is still good
who appears to be religious
advice. (2) Pure religion involves a comdeceives himself. He deceives
passionate concern for widows and
orphans. Todays churches have largely
himself because he refuses to
surrendered this duty to the state. In doing
acknowledge the reflection he
so, they have lost a golden opportunity to
sees in the mirror of Gods Word.
demonstrate the love of Christ and maybe
Pure religion, on the other hand,
win a person to salvation. (3) Pure religion
consists of conduct that is benefiinvolves personal purity. Keep himself
cial to others and pleasing to
unspotted from the world (verse 27).
God. Orphans and widows were
among the most helpless people
in Bible times, as there were no private or governmental agencies to assist
them. (Compare Acts 4:34-37; 6:1-3.) To be unspotted from the world does not
mean that believers and churches should keep themselves aloof and isolated
from the world. We are, however, to refuse to accept the worlds standards of
morality.
Lesson 1
CONQUERING TEMPTATIONS
Conclusion
James 1:1-27
The Christian life is a series of tests. Some tests are trials which God permits. On these occasions we are challenged to do what is right. Other tests are
solicitations to sin. God is not responsible for these because He does not tempt
anyone to do anything evil. Satan is the instigator of temptations. Believers
can overcome their trials and conquer temptations by knowing and obeying
the Bible. The religion of those who hear and heed the Word is beneficial to
others and pleasing to God.
Lesson 2
Good Works
James 2:1-26
This chapter readily falls into two sections. First, James addressed the
proper Christian attitude toward people in the different strata of society
(James 2:1-13). There have always been distinctions and divisions among people caused by money. Both poverty and riches can be a curse. (Compare
Proverbs 30:8, 9.) In the second section of this chapter, James discusses the
relationship between faith and works (verses 14-26). Believers are justified by
faith, but we can also be justified by works after receiving Christ by faith.
Monday, June 7
Lesson 2
THE SIN OF SNOBBERY
James 2:1-4
Class distinctions have always existed in society; however, God is not

pleased with the animosity that often exists between the rich and the poor.
During His time on earth, Jesus was often identified with the poor, and He
sternly censured those who abused the weaker members of society (Matt.
23:14).
The Exhortation (verse 1). The designation my brethren is a reminder
that the epistle of James was directed to Christians, to those who belong to
the family of God. Each member of that family stands before God and among
each other on an equal footing. The phrase, the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ,
speaks of the means by which one becomes a
Respect of Persons: the idea of
member of the family of God. Each and
playing favorites uncovers itself.
every child of God enters the household of
In the world of faith in this
faith on the same basis and with the same
verse, there should be no little
status. No believer has an advantage over
you and big I.The faith of a peranother. The expression, the Lord of glory, is
son is not to show partiality
toward others. Love and
a reminder that exaltation belongs only to
respect toward all people is a
Jesus Christ. It is utterly inappropriate for
distinctive part of faith in Jesus.
any Christian to assume an exalted standLack of bigotry should be a
ing among his fellow-believers. The phrase,
trait of faith. Word Study
respect of persons, essentially means to
#4382.
show partiality. Demonstrations of partial17
18 / James 2:1-26
ity are hateful enough when

exhibited by those who make no
anna
Christian profession. It is far
No Partiality (James 2:2-4): The word parmore despicable when seen
tial is almost synonymous with
among believers.
discriminate. By nature, humans discrimiThe Illustration (verse 2).
nate in many areas, but there are some
To
illustrate the manner in
areas in which there must be no discrimiwhich partiality is often shown
nation (partiality). Jesus Christ died for
allrich man, poor man, beggar, thief.
in a congregational setting,
Therefore, Christians must not discrimiJames used the example of two
nate against any in preaching the gospel.
men who might visit a congregaWhen a person is saved, he is to be accepttion. One was obviously wealthy,
ed into the fellowship of a church, without
respect to nationality, social or economic
while the other was unmistakstatus.
ably poor. Note that the Greek
Jesus was not partial in His ministry. He
word from which assembly is
came to save the lostall of them. He
translated is sunagoge, from
reached out to the publicans, Samaritans,
harlots, lepers and beggars. On the cross,
which we get synagogue. James
He saved a murderous thief. He commis2:2 is the only instance in the
sioned the churches to preach the gospel to
New Testament in which sunaevery creature. Philip preached to the
goge refers to a Christian congreSamaritans. Peter preached to the Gentile
gation. The root term for sunaCornelius.
May we take care, lest we show partialigoge is sunago, which basically
ty or discriminate against any.
means to be brought together.
James choice of words was evidently based upon the fact that the Jews essentially regarded their synagogues as cohesive assemblies, each of which was an entity in and of itself. A
gold ring was a certain indicator of wealth, while the Greek word for goodly
denotes a bright, shiny appearance. In marked contrast was the poor mans
clothing, described as vile raiment. Vile is from a Greek word which primarily means filthy.
The Sin (verse 3). The Greek word for respect literally means to look
upon, with the obvious implication being to look upon favorably. The word
gay is from the same word that was rendered as goodly in verse 2. The rich
mans apparel is so new and has been worn so few times that it still has the
look and smell of newness. The respect shown the wealthy man is indicative
of blatant partiality. Because of the fawning acknowledgment of his presence,
everyone in the congregation knows that he is among them. On the other
hand, the poor man receives no favorable recognition at all and is forced to
stand or sit wherever he can find a place. The sin which James described with
this illustration is that of judging the worth of an individual by the appearance of his clothing or by some other human standard; however, God does not
look upon ones clothing, nor does He pay any attention to ones status. He is
more concerned about the condition of the heart.
Good Works / 19
The Application (verse 4). To treat people as described in verse 3 is to
show partiality. The Greek word for partial literally means to judge diversely. To judge diversely is to exhibit a difference in ones estimation of people.
There could be some circumstances when it is appropriate, or even necessary,
to make a distinction between people; however, to make distinctions based on
a standard as superficial as the individuals relative wealth or status is unfortunate indeed. James describes those who engage in such actions as being
judges of evil thoughts. Anyone who shows partiality sets himself up as a
judge. The self-appointed judge says, in effect, I am taking it upon myself to
determine which of you is entitled to favorable treatment. To exercise such
authority when there is no reason to do so is to indulge in evil thoughts.
Showing partiality could also be a means of disobeying Matthew 7:1.
Tuesday, June 8
THE TRULY RICH
Lesson 2
James 2:5-7
How God sees people and how humans view one another are often at variance. God sees the heart, men see clothing. God sees treasures in Heaven,
humans see bank accounts. God sees true humility, people see ranks and positions that are held. True wealth can be seen only by God.
Heirs of the Kingdom (verse 5). The word hearken means listen or pay
attention. This term was used to call attention to an important fact or observation. Once again, James used the expression beloved brethren to address
his readers. That believers are brothers and sisters in the Lord should help
curb feelings and expressions of partiality. James reminder that God has
made the poor rich in faith and heirs of His kingdom does not mean that the
poor are godly or righteous because of their poverty. It is simply a statement
of the obvious, which is that poor people as a whole have been more receptive
to the gospel than have the rich. Poor people might have few of this worlds
goods, but those who turn to God are rich in faith. They know what is involved
in trusting in or depending upon someone other than themselves; however,
wealthy people are likely to trust in their riches, and as long as they do so,
they will be spiritually impoverished.
Oppressed by the Rich (verse 6). This verse underscores how inconsistent it was for the people of James time to be so deferential toward the rich
and so calloused toward the poor. In those days when someone needed to borrow money, he usually had to go to some rich man for a loan. There were few
safeguards for borrowers. They were at the mercy of the lenders for interest
rates, collateral and the time for repayment. Wealthy lenders would frequently haul people into court (the judgment seats) for the slightest reason,
or even for no reason. The judges, of course, were nearly always more sympathetic toward the rich than the poor. Although many circumstances might
20 / James 2:1-26
be different today, the fact remains that those to whom believers often show
favoritism are people who do not really care about the cause of Christ and are
more concerned about improving their own standing or status, all of which is
frequently detrimental to the people of God.
Blasphemy by the Rich (verse 7). The worthy name of which James
speaks is that of Jesus Christ. Believers are identified with Christ through
their salvation experience; however, those who have followed Christ in baptism and are members of a scriptural church are even more readily identified
with Him. Individual believers and congregations who court the favor of the
rich and powerful often find themselves associated with people who care little for the teachings of the Bible or the ministry of a church. In some
instances wealthy people have joined a churchand the members of a church
were all too eager for them to do sobut their personal lives and professional or business practices are such that they bring shame and dishonor to a
church. Such conduct blasphemes the name which they claim to honor and
revere, and the members of that particular church find themselves in the
unfortunate predicament of having to deal with the reproach that has been
brought upon them.
Wednesday, June 9
NO RESPECTER OF PERSONS
Lesson 2
James 2:8-13
This passage is an appropriate conclusion to the first section of this chapter. James point is simply this: a believer is not to be a respecter of persons.
When Peter preached in the
home of Cornelius, the Gentile
anna
centurion, he declared that God
The Royal Law (James 2:8): The reference
is not a respecter of persons
is to Leviticus 19:18 which states, Thou
(Acts 10:34). God does not prefer
shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. James
any individual or any group
may have called it the royal law because it
above another, and neither
was endorsed by the king. (See Matthew
22:39; Luke 10:27.) The person who obeys
should we.
this law will not have respect to persons,
Love Thy Neighbor (verse
nor show partiality in judgment. To show
8).
When Jesus was asked which
respect to persons is to commit sin
was the greatest of the com(James 2:9). James wrote to his Jewish
brethren (James 1:1) who were still experimandments, He responded by
encing a problem accepting Gentiles on an
citing Deuteronomy 6:5. Jesus
equal basis with Jews. It may be humanly
went on to say that the second
impossible to love a neighbor as ones self,
greatest commandment is, Thou
but it is possible to be impartial when preshalt love thy neighbor as thysenting the benefits of the gospel to the
world.
self (Matt. 22:39). The apostle
Paul taught that love is the ful-
Good Works / 21
filling of the law (Rom 13:10). James called the second greatest commandment the royal law because it was decreed by the One who is the Lord and
Master of all believers. The commandment for one to love his neighbor as
himself is broad, even unlimited in its scope, as can be seen in the parable of
the good Samaritan which Jesus gave in response to the question, Who is my
neighbour (Luke 10:29). When Jesus was on earth, few Jews would have
regarded any Samaritan as a neighbor. Likewise, many of James readers did
not regard the poor favorably; however, the poor were not to be despised
because of their poverty, nor were the rich to be esteemed because of their
wealth.
Transgressing the Law (verses 9-11). James clearly taught that it is a
sin to be partial to people because ofor the lack ofwealth, standing or status (verse 9). Because many of the Jews continued to regard the Law as a
guide for personal conduct, James underConvinced: conviction and exposcored the severity of discounting any of the
sure are terms which describe
commandments. In the eyes of some Jews,
this word.When one is conparticularly the Pharisees, some commandvicted, his deeds are brought to
ments were more important than others.
light or exposed.Then there is
According to such reasoning, if the more
an admonition.The Holy Spirit
important (so-called) commandments were
will convince a person of his
kept, then some of the lesser important (sosin. Conviction would be the
called) ones could be disregarded, but
better term in this verse to
James describes the Law as a unit. For one
describe the events of the
work of God. Word Study
to keep the Law, he must keep it in its
#1651.
entirety (verse 10). To break just one of the
commandments, even if it is only a minor
one, is to break the whole Law. Jesus stressed this same principle in his discourse with the rich young ruler. Although that young man had claimed to
have kept all the Law from the days of his youth, Jesus implicitly revealed
that he had not loved his neighbor as himself and was not the upright, sinless
person that he tried to portray himself as
being (Matt. 19:16-22). In the eyes of God,
Transgressor: many words exist
sin is sin (James 2:11). To be sure, some sins
to describe a sinner. One who
have greater consequences than others, and
misses the mark, wicked or
even lawbreaker convey some
because of that, some sins can be considered
of the ideas.This term means
as more serious than others as far as
the one who breaks or stands
human relations are concerned. This is why
beside the law and disobeys
different crimes have different penalties,
God. The concept seems to
but as far as God is concerned a single sin
be one who with malice and
reveals one as a sinner. (Compare 1 John
forethought does the opposite
of the teachings of the truth.
3:4.)
The term seems to carry a
Judged by the Scriptures (verse 12).
foreboding form of sin. Word
James admonished his readers to speak and
Study #3848.
act in accordance with the Scriptures (the
22 /
James 2:1-26
law of liberty) instead of the relative standards of human logic and expediency. The principles of the Bible remain the same regardless of time or place,
situation or circumstances. God expected His people to love thy neighbour as
thyself under the Law, and He expects no less of His people today. Similarly,
God was displeased when the Jews in Old Testament days showed favoritism
based on ones standing or status, and He feels the same when believers of the
New Testament era show partiality. In all that we do we should always speak
and act as directed by the Scriptures because the Scriptures will be the standard by which we shall be judged. Once again, James designates the Bible as
the law of liberty. (See comments on James 1:25 in Lesson 1.) Even though
the Bible is a law in that it includes some definite dos and donts, there is liberty in the sense that the behavior which the Scriptures command gives joy
and delight.
Judgment Without Mercy (verse 13). Believers who show no mercy in
their dealings with others will find that they are treated without mercy. This
principle was taught by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:7; 6:14;
7:1, 2) and in the parable of the unforgiving servant (Matt. 18:21-35). If anyone should be merciful toward others, it is believers because we have been
recipients of great mercy from God. Therefore, we should be merciful in our
attitude and actions regarding all people, whether rich or poor. If we extend
such mercy during our earthly life, then when we stand before the Lord at the
Judgment Seat of Christ, we will have occasion to rejoice. Deeds of mercy can
give us a reason for joy even though we face the certainty of judgment.
Thursday, June 10
SAVING FAITH AND DEAD FAITH
Lesson 2
James 2:14-17
This passage marks the beginning of a discussion by James on the relationship between faith and works in a believers salvation. Some teachers,
most notably Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation and
founder of the Lutheran church, insist that the teachings of James regarding
justification by works are in direct conflict with Pauls teachings on justification by faith; however, as will be noted, the teachings of James and Paul are
not contradictory, but complementary.
Can Faith Without Works Save (verse 14)? The word faith in this verse
alludes to the reference to faith in verse 1. Thus, James question, in effect, is
this. What value is there in ones testimony of salvation if his actionssuch
as his treatment of the rich and poordo not confirm his claim to be a believer? James second question in this verse, can faith save him, has been interpreted by some to mean that faith alone cannot save anyone. In addition to
faith, there must be works, according to this view; however, what James
Good Works / 23
asked, in effect, is: Can such faith save anyone? This verse teaches that the
kind of faith which saves will be demonstrated by good works, and conversely, that the kind of faith which does not produce good works is not saving
faith. Good works are not necessary for salvation; they do not help one to
become saved or to keep his salvation; however, good works are the proof of
salvation, and if works are not present, it is reasonable to conclude that the
individual has not been saved.
Unprofitable Words (verses 15, 16).
Once again, James used a pointed illustraDestitute: in one sense of the
word the definition is lacking. A
tion to emphasize his teaching, and as
person who is lacking the basic
before, his example involved the case of
necessities of life needs help.
someone who is poor. The lesson from
Another aspect of the term is
James illustration is unmistakably clear
need. If a person has a need,
then help should come from
and irrefutably logical. Words alone cannot
those with a heart of faith.
feed or clothe anyone, and neither good
What is a need or a lacking? Is
wishes nor good intentions will alleviate the
it of the fundamental needs or
pangs of hunger or the chill of the weather.
is it of the wants and desires of
It is inconceivable that anyone who has
the heart? A person with faith
should help the destitute.
truly trusted Jesus as Savior could comWord Study #3007.
pletely disregard the plight of someone
especially a brother or sister in Christwho
is truly in need. The apostle John addressed this same matter and essentially came to the same conclusion. But whoso hath this worlds good, and seeth
his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him,
how dwelleth the love of God in him? (1 John 3:17). Compassion for those in
need is one of the most obvious characteristics of God. Anyone who claims to
be a follower of God should also be stirred to compassion when confronted
with the needs of others. Otherwise, his testimony as a Christian and all
other pious words are worthless. Fine speech might be impressive to hear, but
words without works hold no value for anyone.
A Dead Faith (verse 17). In this verse we see the application of the illustration which James gave in verses 15 and 16. The conclusion is simply this.
Faith that does not produce good works is dead. Such faith is inwardly dead.
It has no vitality or viability because it has no connection with the One who
is the source and sustainer of all life. Not only is such faith inwardly dead,
but it is also outwardly inoperative. It produces nothing. The evidence of its
deadness is that it is alone. The Greek word for alone essentially means by
itself. A dead faith is nothing more than a mere profession or empty words
without any substance to what is claimed or any substantiation of it. If there
has not been any work of grace in ones heart, there will not be any works of
grace in his life. Virtue might be praised, as suggested in verse 16, but not
practiced.
24 / James 2:1-26
Friday, June 11
SHOW YOUR FAITH
Lesson 2
James 2:18-20
Faith is an exercise of the will. As such, it is invisible. No one can look into
another persons heart and see if he has exercised faith in Jesus Christ. The
only thing about faith that can be seen is its results. That is why it is so
essential that believers demonstrate their faith by good works.
Faith Demonstrated by Works (verse 18). In this verse James continued
his use of concise, graphic illustrations by citing the example of two men who
were attempting to prove that they had faith. One man claimed to have faith,
but did not have any works to
substantiate his claim. The other
anna
man also claimed to have faith,
Faith and Works (James 2:17, 18): The
and he also had works that conScriptures are clear. We are saved by faith
firmed his claim. The inference
in Christ, not by works (Eph. 2:8). One
which is to be drawn from this
may be saved and never give public testiillustration is that the man
mony to it, but it is unnatural. A child may
be born and never cry, but that is not natwhose claim of faith was backed
ural. As the cry of a newborn baby is proof
up by works is the more credible
positive of life, so good works of a believer
of the two. Since faith is someare evidence of the new birth. Thus, works
thing which cannot be seen by
should follow salvation as night follows
day. We are not saved just to keep us out of human eye, there has to be
hell. Thank God, it does, but there is a
something else to make ones
higher and more noble purpose. We are
claim of faith ring true. This
saved to do good works (Eph. 2:10).
truth was enunciated by Jesus in
Faith without works is dead, ineffective
the Sermon on the Mount when
and unprofitable to the ministry Christ
assigned the churches. A dead mule is still
He declared, Ye shall know
a mule, but he is unprofitable to his owner.
them by their fruits (Matt.
7:16). Pear trees and apple trees
might look similar, but the fruit makes it unmistakably clear what kind of
tree it is. On the other hand, a tree that bears no fruit is worthless to a
farmer. If it produces no fruit, it should be removed so a productive tree can
be planted in its place. (Compare with Luke 13:6-9.)
Mere Belief Is Not Faith (verse 19). Genuine faith consists of two essential parts. First, there is an intellectual awareness of the reality and existence of God. Such knowledge is innate with all people of all times and all
places (Rom. 1:18-22). Thus, atheists are made, not born. There has never
been an entire nation or society of atheists. Those who claim to be atheists
have to resist and reject their inner awareness of the existence of God. Even
the demons (devils) acknowledge the existence of God. Moreover, they also
recognize Jesus as the Son of God and have some understanding of the torment which they shall ultimately suffer. (Compare Matthew 8:28, 29.) The
Good Works / 25
second aspect of genuine faith involves the
Tremble: scared stiff would be
heart. Some people understand this to be
the idea of this term.The devils
the trusting part of faith. This is where the
believe and shudder at the
heart acts on what the mind knows. Saving
thought of the reality of God.
faith occurs when one accepts Jesus Christ
This word means among other
as Savior and unreservedly commits himself
things, to bristle, to stiffen, to
stand up, to be struck with
to Him for salvation. An intellectual belief
extreme fear and to be horriin God is involved in genuine faith, but mere
fied. It seems to this writer
belief in and of itself is not enough.
that if the demons tremble
Vain Men and Empty Faith (verse 20).
because of the reality of God,
In this verse there is a reiteration of what
we should understand that He
is real and accept without
was declared in verse 17. That James
question His power. Word
repeats this point so soon suggests that
Study #5425.
some of his readers were adamant in refusing to acknowledge the relationship between faith and works. Apparently, they were not willing to confirm their
words with appropriate deeds. An indication of how frustrating this matter
was for James can be seen in the expression Wilt thou know which literally
means, do you want proof? Even more indicative of James exasperation was
his use of the designation O vain man. The Greek word for vain was essentially the same as the Aramaic term Raca which Jesus used in Matthew 5:22.
The literal meaning of both terms is empty or worthless. The fact that
James invoked such a strong word underscores how utterly foolish the argument is that there can be genuine faith without any works of confirmation.
How sad it is to think of the great number of people who profess to be saved
but give no evidence of true faith in their lives.
Saturday, June 12
FAITH COMPLEMENTED BY WORKS
Lesson 2
James 2:21-26
In support of his argument that faith is to be demonstrated by good works,

James cited the examples of Abraham and Rahab. Even though there was a
considerable difference between these individuals, each of them took a great
risk which was motivated by their steadfast faith in the true God.
Abraham Justified by Works (verse 21). Skeptics and other critics of the
Bible claim that this verse contradicts Pauls assertion in Romans 4:1-3 that
Abraham was justified by faith instead of works. The justification to which
Paul alluded, which was based on Genesis 15:6, spoke of Abrahams justification in the eyes of God, while the justification mentioned by James referred
to a justification that could be observed and comprehended by men. Faith
alone is sufficient for ones justification before God; however, the human eye
cannot see faith, so something more is necessary for anyone to be justified
before men. Thus, Abrahams justification before God was substantiated by
26 /
James 2:1-26
his justification in the eyes of

men when he moved to offer
anna
Isaac on the altar. Such a draJustified by Works (James 2:21, 25): Justifi- matic gesture was something
cation is a subject as much discussed in
that could be seen and underreligious circles, as in the time James wrote
stood by anyone.
his epistle. James called two well-known
witnesses to prove his argument.
Faith Made Perfect (verse
Abraham was saved (justified before
22). Abrahams faith was a
God) when he believed (James 1:23). He
viable, dynamic faith. Such a
gave indisputable evidence of his faith
faith will prove by good works
when he bound his son, Isaac, upon an
altar to be sacrificed in obedience to Gods
that it is alive and active. The
command.
verb wrought, as used in this
Rahab, the harlot, was saved before the
verse, means work. Abrahams
Israelite spies arrived at her place. She
faith did not exist alone or in a
proved, justified her faith by protecting the
spies from capture.
vacuum, nor was it a dead faith.
Justified means one is declared righInstead, it was a working faith
teous. It does not make righteous.
which clearly demonstrated
itself. Moreover, Abrahams faith
was made perfect by his works. This means that Abrahams works complemented, or completed, his faith. By faith Abraham was justified before God;
by works Abraham was justified before man. Both forms of justification are
important; however, the order cannot be reversed. First, there must be justification before God through faith, and then there should be justification
before men by good works.
Abrahams Imputed Righteousness (verse 23). Because of his faith in
God, Abraham was credited (imputed) with righteousness by God. This is a
righteousness that cannot be earned or achieved by works because it is actually the righteousness of Jesus Christ. Through faith a believer is given credit for the righteousness of Christ because such righteousness could never be
earned. This is why salvationones justifiImputed: to count or to reckon
cation before Godis a gift that must be
allows us to understand this
accepted simply on the basis of ones faith in
word.The word means to
Jesus Christ. The believer accepts what
weigh something and find it
Christ did for him, and thereby receives, or
acceptable. The righteousness
of God is weighed for us and
is credited with, the righteousness of
found to be sufficient. No perChrist. Abrahams designation as the
son can find his righteousness
Friend of God is mentioned twice in the
sufficient in weight to reckon a
Old Testament (2 Chron. 20:7; Isa. 41:8).
balance with God.The righteousness of Jesus is counted,
This term speaks of an intimate relationand we are found righteous in
ship which allowed Abraham to see somethe sight of God. Word Study
thing of the overall plan of God. (Compare
#3049.
John 8:56.)
Good Works / 27
Justified by Faith and Works (verse 24). Once again, there are two
kinds of justification. Justification by faith occurs at ones salvation. That is
when a believer becomes justified in the eyes of God. People who are saved
are expected by God to engage in good works (Eph. 2:10). Good works provide
justification in the sight of men. Each kind of justification is essential in its
own way. The importance of justification before God should be readily apparent; however, justification in the eyes of men is also important because such
conduct is helpful in leading others to faith in Jesus Christ. Satan is always
ready to use sins committed by Christians as stumbling blocks in the paths of
unsaved people to keep them from trusting Jesus Christ as Savior.
Rahab Justified by Works (verse 25). The example of Rahab goes back
to the time when the Israelites were preparing to enter Canaan following
their forty years in the wilderness. When the two Israelite scouts came to her
house, she gave a wonderful testimony of her faith in the true God (Joshua
2:9-11). She demonstrated her faith in God by protecting the scouts, thus
enabling them to evade the soldiers who had been sent to apprehend them.
Rahab took a great risk in concealing the two Israelites. Her courageous
action confirmed her profession of faith in the true God. Because of what she
did, the Israelites were convinced that she meant what she said about her
belief in God. Thus, she and her family were spared when Jericho was
destroyed (Joshua 6:21-25).
Faith Without Works (verse 26). This verse is a summation of the argument which James presented in verses 14-25. The separation of the spirit
from the body is what happens when physical death occurs (Eccl. 12:7). As the
spirit is the force which animates ones physical body, so does genuine, saving
faith lead to good works. By the same token, as a lifeless body cannot do anything, neither does a vain, empty faith produce good works. Thus, the lesson
from James illustration in this verse should be obvious. If there are no good
works in the life of one who professes to be a believer, then it is evident that
he has not been saved. Such a person might claim to be a Christian, but the
claim is a mere profession without any substance to give it validity.
Lesson 2
GOOD WORKS
Conclusion
James 2:1-26
The overall theme of this chapter is how a believer should live out his faith
in Jesus Christ. In the first part of this chapter, James cautioned his readers
against showing partiality toward the rich. God is no respecter of persons,
and neither should we be. James continued in this chapter to address the
broader topic of good works in the lives of believers. While good works cannot
help anyone become saved or remain saved, they provide evidence before men
of ones salvation.
Lesson 3
Controlling the Tongue
James 3:1-18
In the closing part of the preceding chapter, James addressed the matter of
a believers works. In this chapter, which has been called the tongue chapter,
James discussed a Christians words. How innumerable are the sins of an
uncontrolled tongue. James used three graphic illustrations, each of which is
something relatively small, to underscore the power of the tonguea horses
bridle, a ships rudder and a spark of fire. The wisdom from above helps one
use his tongue correctly.
Monday, June 14
Lesson 3
A HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY
James 3:1, 2
Teachers are classic examples of those who should make proper use of their
tongues. Teachers bear heavy responsibilities, a fact which will be considered
at the time of their judgment. Thus, the decision to become a teacher of the
Word is one which should not be regarded lightly.
The Precaution (verse 1). The opening phrase of this verse could be paraphrased as follows: My brethren, let not many of you seek to be teachers.
The Greek word for masters means teachers. A teacher is a master in the
sense that he is an authority in his field of study. He is also a master in that
his pupils have to subject themselves to him if they are to benefit from his
teaching. In the days of the early churches, Christian teachers were highly
respected by other believers. The apostles and other preachers often moved
from place to place, while teachers were more likely to remain with a congregation and lead in the edification of the individual members and the church
as a whole. To be a teacher was to assume an awesome responsibility then,
and so it is also today. Even though this is true, those who believe that God
wants them to be teachers should accept that responsibility, being assured
that God will enable them to fulfill the task which He wants them to accomplish.
The Peril (verse 1). The reason why being a Christian teacher is a matter
not to be taken lightly is explained in the last part of this verse. Teachers will
28
Controlling the Tongue / 29

be subjected to greater judgment (condemnation). There are at least four reasons why teachers will be judged by God so strictly.
1. The burden for teaching is given by God, or at least that should be the
reason why anyone would presume to teach the Word of God to others.
2. One who has been led by God to become a teacher will be assisted by
Him in accomplishing the task. God will not leave us completely on our own
in this matter.
3. Teachers generally know their subject matter better than do their
pupils. There will be exceptions to this to be sure, but teachers should take
advantage of every opportunity to learn what they need to know to teach
properly.
4. Teachers have and should have in their endeavors the prayerful support
of their pupils and the church.
The Problem (verse 2). In the first part
Offend: this word is used two
of this verse, James mentioned another mattimes in James 3:2.The only difter that should be considered by would-be
ference is that one is third perteachers, For in many things we offend all.
son singular and that the other
The Greek word for offend essentially
is first person plural.The term
means to stumble. Each of us is subject to
means to cause one to stumstumbling in many situations; however,
ble or fall. The idea is to make
teachers have even more occasions for doing
an error or a mistake that can
so. The offense to which James alluded in
lead to misery.We are not to
cause people to make mistakes.
this instance is not deliberate, intentional
The
purpose of teachers is to
sinning, but unintentional stumbling by
cause
people to know the
which others can be misled, even though the
truth, not err. Word Study
sin is not deliberate. Because each of us is
#4417.
likely to commit such sins, we must constantly seek the guidance and assistance of
God so that we can avoid them. This means that we cannot be arrogant and
assume a know-it-all attitude in our teaching. Anyone who thinks he can
teach without Gods constant help will make some serious errors. We are all
likely to stumble, too subject to error and too prone to mistakes to assume
that we know all we need to know about teaching.
Tuesday, June 15
RIGHT USE OF THE TONGUE
Lesson 3
James 3:2-5
James began his discussion of Christian speech by emphasizing the

responsibilities of teachers. In this passage he broadened his scope to include
all believers regardless of their office or position. Although the tongue is an
extremely small member of the body, it is one of the most powerful members.
An Important Principle (verse 2). The change in James focus can be
seen in the phrase, if any man. Previously, he had directed his remarks to
30 / James 3:1-18
teachers and would-be teachers. Here he addressed all believers. He used the
device of repeating a term offend as a means of transition. An ideal situation
is described, that of one who does not offend in word. Such an individual is
described as being perfect. Note that the word perfect means complete,
mature and fully developed. What distinguishes the perfect individual is
that he is able to bridle the whole body. By this statement James has
invoked a generalization to underscore the critical role ones speech plays in
the Christian life. It is possible, of course, for someone to keep his tongue
under control and yet sin in other ways; however, the principle which James
declared is comparable to what Jesus asserted in Matthew 12:37.
Some Insightful Illustrations (verses 3, 4). In these verses James illustrated the positive values of a tongue that is under proper control. Two figures of speech are used, each of which is quite small in relation to the effects
or consequences which can result. In verse 2 the writer spoke of ones body
being bridled. That thought is resumed in verse 3 with the reference to the
bits which are used to control a horse. By properly using the bits on a horses
bridle, a rider can cause a horse to turn to the right or left, he can slow the
horses pace, or he can make the horse stop. The illustration in verse 4 is that
of a ships rudder (helm). A skilled pilot (governor) can turn his ship in the
direction he needs to go. By proper use of the sails and rudder, a pilot can take
advantage of winds which otherwise would not be favorable for progress. The
rudder enables the pilot to guide the ship wherever he wishes it to go (whithersoever the governor listeth).
The point of both of these illustrations is to emphasize that some things
which are small can produce some significant results. So it is with the human
tongue. Although relatively small in proportion to the body as a whole, the
tongue can cause some tremendous consequences. Such consequences do not
need to be negative. As the horses bits and the ships rudder enable those who
use them to accomplish positive results, so can the tongue be used for wholesome, constructive purposes.
A Forceful Application (verse 5). The phrase even so connects the first
part of this verse with the illustrations which James cited in verses 3 and 4;
however, the application which the writer makes in the first part of verse 5 is
inverse to the illustrations. What was depicted by the horses bits and ships
rudder was positive in nature, as the bits and rudder enable someone to be in
control of something that otherwise would not be manageable. In the application which James made, he stressed that the tongue, which is relatively
small in relation to the rest of the body, can be responsible for negative consequences (boasteth great things). Evidently, the recipients of this epistle
were more prone to use their tongues in a negative sense, so that James was
directed by the Holy Spirit to caution his readers about the serious effects of
the wrong or improper use of the tongue. Previously, he had warned that an
unbridled tongue is an indication of an empty (vain) religion (James 1:26).

Wednesday, June 16
Lesson 3
THE UNTAMABLE TONGUE
James 3:5-8
A tongue that is out of control can cause extensive damage, especially in

regard to human relations. As a tiny spark of fire can start a blaze that
results in great loss, an unwise or unkind word can be the beginning of trouble which could go on for years and be the means of unceasing strife and deep
division.
The Danger of Fire (verse 5). In the last part of this verse, James emphasized the destructive nature of fire. Everyone has heard accounts of how a
raging fire was caused by a single spark. Most Bible scholars agree that the
Greek word for matter denotes wood, and that the picture which James
described is a forest fire. Among the most devastating forces known to man,
forest fires generally are uncontrollable. Usually, firefighters have to allow
such fires to burn themselves out. When conditions are right, a mere spark
resulting from a lightening strike, a campfire or just from dead tree branches rubbing against each other in extremely dry conditions is enough to set off
a fire that can become an uncontrollable conflagration. Each year valuable
timber on thousands and thousands of acres are consumed, along with the
habitation for innumerable creatures. Sometimes residences are also
destroyed, and occasionally even human lives are lost.
The Tongue Is a Fire (verse 6). In the first part of this verse James
likened the tongue, which is a relatively small member of the body, to a fire
which, though small in the beginning, proves devastatingly ruinous as its
results spread far and wide. James called the tongue a world of iniquity. By
this the writer suggests that
there is an overwhelming abundance of sins for which the
anna
tongue can be responsible. Not
The Tongue, a Consuming Fire (James 3:5,
only is the tongue capable of
6): A tiny spark may ignite a raging forest
Iniquity: the words for sin are

many.The level of sin in this
word is that of being unrighteous. It is the negative of righteous.To be unrighteous is to
be full of sin. It is to violate the
nature of God. So the tongue
can produce words that oppose
the character of God. It produces iniquity and sin. Greater
than just missing the mark, the
term implies an act of unrighteousness. Word Study #93.
fire and destroy millions of dollars of property. The tongue is a little member of the
body, but it may cause great damage to its
owner and others. During World War II,
we were cautioned, Loose lips, sink
ships. The application is clear. A carelessly spoken word may assassinate character
and destroy a church.
The good fire (Holy Spirit) came down
from above on the day of Pentecost and
empowered the church. The evil fire comes
up from hell, ignites the tongue given to
evil gossip and does irreparable damage to
the cause of Christ.
32 / James 3:1-18
committing a vast number of sins, but the effects of those sins are sometimes
devastating. When something is destroyed by fire, it is lost forever. It cannot
be restored, and even if it is replaced by something similar, it is still not the
same. If a house is consumed by fire, another house can be built, but many of
the contents of the house cannot be replaced. So it is with damage caused by
a tongue that is out of control. Apologies might be offered and accepted, but
relationships which have been affected are often never the same.
The Tongue Defiles (verse 6). The last part of this verse reiterates the
destructive effects of an uncontrolled tongue. Although one of the smallest
members of the human body, the tongue can defile the entire body. When
inappropriate passions are expressed by an unruly tongue, other sins are
likely to follow. Thus, the whole body is often drawn into sin and guilt by the
tongue. The expression the course of nature has been interpreted to mean the
orderly cycle of human affairs. The Greek word for course refers to the path
or track that is followed by a runner in a race. An intemperate tongue can
plunge the lives of individuals and even nations into great confusion, disorder and chaos. The last statement in this verse reveals why the tongue can
be such a destructive member. The tongues of men and women are inflamed
by diabolical temptations and designs. Where there is strife and confusion, it
can generally be assumed that Satan is involved at least indirectly if not
directly.
The Untamable Tongue (verses 7, 8). Previously, James illustrated how
items that are small, such as a horses bits and a ships rudder, can exert positive effects on things that are
much larger. However, here he
anna
emphasized that the tongue is so
A
Deadly
Poison (James 3:8): The previpowerful that it cannot be conous
verse
declares
that every kind of beast,
trolled by human strength alone.
bird and serpent can be tamed (controlled),
Human beings have been able to
but the human tongue cannot be controlled
dominate, if not actually control,
by man. It is called a deadly poison
(verse 8). A poison is harmless as long as it
the entire animal realm (verse 7).
is securely sealed in a container. God has
That beasts of all kind have been
provided a secure container to maintain
tamed or otherwise made to serve
the safety of the human tongue. He created
mans good is in agreement with
thirty-two strong guards (teeth) that surwhat the psalmist taught in
round and make it possible to control the
tongue. All one needs do is close his
Psalm 8:6-9; however, no one can
mouth and keep it shut, but this takes
tame the tongue (James 3:8).
super human effort. Thus David prayed,
Note that in the fall of man,
Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth;
dominion over the animal crekeep the door of my lips (Psalm 141:3).
ation was not lost, but the control
Again he said, I will take heed to my
ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will
of the tongue was. Even believers
keep my mouth with a bridle (Psalm
find that they have trouble with
39:1).
the tongue. This is because

believers have two natures a sinful nature inherited from Adam and a spiritual nature which is received through the new birth. The old nature is so
strong that if there is not constant watchfulness and unceasing dependence
upon God, believers will continue to have trouble with the tongue even when
other evil propensities have been brought into subjection. James depiction of
the tongue as a deadly poison reinforces the fact that the tongue is an
instrument which Satan, that old serpent, uses frequently. Unfortunately, the
tongue is more difficult to control than even a poisonous snake.
Thursday, June 17
CONTROLLING THE TONGUE
Lesson 3
James 3:9-12
Having emphasized that the tongue is impossible to control through

human strength alone, James next suggested that it is possible for the tongue
to be controlled. Although he did not explicitly say so, he implied that the
tongue can be controlled by the power of God.
A Moral Contradiction (verse 9). The antecedent for the term therewith
is the word tongue in verse 8. The contradiction presented in this verse is that
with the tongue we bless God and with the same tongue we curse men. Such
an inconsistency is because believers have a
Curse: this is not what we
dual nature, which was noted previously.
would call a curse word.The
The spiritual nature leads one to bless God,
idea is more than a word that
while the fallen, depraved nature causes
we consider out of place.This
one to curse others. The word bless, as used
is to call a curse down upon
someone.This is to wish somein this instance, means to praise, laud and
one evil, to deprecate and cast
speak well of. It comes from the Greek verb
dispersion toward a person.
eulogeo,
from which comes eulogy. A eulogy
The tongue creates evil toward
people when it curses them.
is a tribute or a commendation of someone.
Word Study #2672.
Most funeral services include a eulogy
regarding the person who has died. The
word curse, on the other hand, is a strong term which literally means that
one calls upon God to send evil upon someone. The fact that a believer would
be so presumptuous as to declare a curse upon another person, especially a
fellow-Christian, is made an even more serious offense when it is recalled
that all people, even those who have not yet accepted Jesus Christ as Savior,
are created in the image (similitude) of God (Gen. 1:26, 27).
Speak Blessings, Not Curses (verse 10). What a contradictory picture
this verse presents, as blessings and curses come from the same mouth. When
the tongue speaks blessings, it is like the bits that are used by a horseman to
control his steed, or like a rudder by which a ships pilot can determine the
34 / James 3:1-18
direction in which the ship goes. These are positive, beneficial examples
which illustrate a tongue that is under the control of the Holy Spirit. The
principle which the apostle Paul sets forth in 1 Corinthians 12:3 certainly
seems to be applicable here; however, in marked contrast is that a tongue
that utters curses is like a wildfire that is out of control. It rages on and on,
consuming everything that is flammable in its path and leaving behind a trail
of utter destruction. Such a tongue is not under the control of the Holy Spirit, but is dominated by the evil one, Satan himself. Blessings and curses
should not come from the same tongue. It is said of the archangel Michael
that he refused to utter a reviling accusation against the devil (Jude 9). Such
a pronouncement would probably have been in order, but Michael would not
lower himself to use such language. If we want to have lofty thoughts and
engage in godly conduct, we cannot indulge in gutter language.
A Fountain of Sweet Water (verse 11). In keeping with his literary style,
James used a concise, graphic illustration to emphasize the point he made
(these things ought not so to be). In Bible times springs (fountains) of
water were critical. A spring which yielded sweet, pure water was deeply
appreciated and highly valued. On the other hand, springs which produced
brackish, foul-tasting water were a great disappointment. When the
Israelites were en route from Egypt to Mount Sinai, they came to Marah, only
to find to their dismay that they could not drink the bitter water (Ex. 15:23).
For the water of Marah to be made fit for the Israelites and their livestock,
God had to intervene. Similarly, if ones tongue, even that of a believer, is to
issue sweetness instead of bitterness, God has to be in control. As long as we
depend upon ourselves to control our tongues, we will find ourselves saying
things that are hurtful to others and harmful to the cause of Jesus Christ.
The believers tongue should refresh and edify, not nauseate and destroy.
A Tree and Its Fruit (verse 12). In this verse James continues with the
illustration he introduced in verse 11. Fruit-bearing trees produce a particular kind of fruit according to its nature. This is in keeping with the principle
established by God Himself (Gen. 1:11, 12). Thus, fig trees do not bear olives,
nor do grape vines yield figs. Instead, it is each to its own and because of this
principle, a spring or fountain of water will give forth either fresh water or
brackish water. The same spring cannot yield both because if pure water is
mixed with impure water, it is no longer pure. The lesson from this regarding
the tongue is clear. If someone uses his tongue in a negative way, he is showing thereby that he is not under the control of the Lord. On the other hand,
one who uses his tongue to bless God and benefit others shows unmistakably
that he is under the dominance of the Spirit. Fruit trees bear fruit, and a particular kind of fruit at that, because it is their nature to do so. Similarly,
believers speak positively because it is the nature of the Spirit to do so. A
tongue that utters praises and curses sends mixed signals to all who hear it.

Friday, June 18
EARTHLY WISDOM
Lesson 3
James 3:13-16
Beginning with verse 13 and continuing to the end of the chapter, James
suggested how the tongue can be controlled, which vividly demonstrates the
exercise of true wisdom. Someone who has such wisdom is also the kind of
person who makes the best teacher; however, when seeking wisdom, great
care must be taken because there is an earthly wisdom which is in marked
contrast to true wisdom.
A Wise Man (verse 13). In James 1:5 the writer gave the source of genuine
wisdom. In this verse he told how such wisdom is demonstrated. The word
conversation refers to ones behavior or conduct. Thus, a truly wise person shows by an
Conversation: this is not spoappropriate life-style that he has wisdom
ken word, but instead it is
from above. Such wisdom includes knowlmanner of living.The implication is way of life. It is conduct
edge, but it also enables one to apply his
and behavior.The way we act is
knowledge correctly. Each of us has encounto demonstrate our wisdom
tered educated fools, those who are highly
and way of life.This term is
knowledgeable about some matter or anothrich in its precision about the
way of life.We are to live in a
er but cannot or will not use their knowlmanner that pleases God.
edge for anyones benefit. In the last part of
Word Study #391.
this verse James speaks of the meekness of
wisdom. Meekness and humility are often
associated together, and for good reason because the two are certainly related. If any distinctions are to be made, generally speaking, humility refers to
ones attitude, while meekness speaks of ones actions. A meek person is someone who is completely under the control of God. One whose actions reflect the
meekness of wisdom is speaking and acting as he is directed by God. Such
words and deeds are wholesome and edifying for everyone concerned.
A Foolish Man (verse 14). Depicted in this verse is someone who is the
opposite from the man described in verse 13. While a wise person speaks and
acts in such a way as to promote peace and harmony among people, a foolish
individual engenders much envy and great strife. Someone who is wise has
much useful knowledge; however, a foolish person is often so fanatical as to
be blind to any information other than what he wants to acknowledge. Moreover, a foolish man or woman is usually selfishly ambitious, and such a person is more concerned with the victory of his own opinions than in the victory of truth. The whole attitude of the foolish individual is one of arrogance, of
pride in ones knowledge rather than humility in his ignorance. Envy and wisdom cannot dwell together in the same heart. Note the order which James
36 / James 3:1-18
laid down in this verse. Envying

is first which causes strife, then
anna
strife seeks to excuse itself by
Earthly Versus Heavenly Wisdom (James
vain glorying and lying with the
3:15-17): Satan tempted Eve with the
desire for wisdom. She yielded and Adam
final result being confusion and
followed, but wisdom did not produce
all kinds of evil. One sin begets
happiness. Their newly acquired wisdom
another until there is every evil
brought shame, fear, envy, strife, murder
and death. Such is earthly wisdom. Folwork that is, any kind of evil is
lowing earthly wisdom, men and women
possible. No one should glory in
reject God and become vain in their imagthis kind of wisdom.
inations. Professing themselves to be
wise, they became fools, . . . filled with all
The Wrong Kind of Wisdom
unrighteousness, . . . haters of God (Rom.
(verse 15). The expression this
1:22, 29, 30). They die and enter eternity
wisdom refers to the kind of wiswithout God.
dom described in verse 14. Such
What a contrast with the wisdom that
is from above. These receive Christ as Savwisdom is not from abovethat
ior. Instead of strife, there is peace, gentleis, from Godbut is from below
ness, mercy, good fruits and truthfulness.
that is, from the earth. Three
They, too, die, but they enter eternity with
graphic terms were used by
God. (See Galatians 5:19-24 for Pauls list
of fruits of the flesh and the fruit of the
James to describe the wrong kind
Spirit.)
of wisdom.
Earthly. The sources of such
wisdom are earthly, that is, from human
sources rather than divine. In addition, its
Sensual: This term comes from
standards are earthly, as all accomplishthe same word as soul. It
ments are measured by the worlds stanmeans unspiritual, not posdards. Moreover, its aims are earthly in that
sessing the Spirit of God. It is
human goals are sought, pursued and cherearthly, natural.The word natural sums it up because of its refished.
erence to the total depravity of
Sensual. This term is from the Greek
mankind.The word leaves no
root psuche, which is generally translated
doubt as to its vile and evil
as soul, but is sometimes rendered as mind.
nature. Word Study #5591.
(See comments on James 1:8.) When referring to the natural man, the word soul
speaks of how one relates to his environment. A soulish, sensual person is one
who wants to gratify the senses by participating in activities which make
such gratification possible.
Devilish. The Greek word for this term literally means demonical. The
wrong kind of wisdom is not from God, but is instigated by demon spirits and
propagated by demonic incitement. This is why error and falsehood are so
prevalent when human wisdom is allowed to predominate.
Strife and Confusion (verse 16). This verse describes the consequences
of earthly wisdom. The most remarkable thing about it is that it issues in disorder. A definite cause-and-effect relationship is set forth. Envying and

strife are the causes, while confusion and every evil work are the effects.
Earthly wisdom does not bring people together, it drives them apart. Instead
of producing peace, it produces strife; instead of promoting fellowship, it
encourages disruptions in relationships. It is certainly sobering to realize that
human wisdom is demonical rather than divine, and that those who are motivated solely by such wisdom are engaged in Satans work and not Gods. For
someone impelled only by earthly wisdom, the ends justify the means. Such a
smart person will not scruple to lie, cheat or bribe if doing so will accomplish
the desired goal. A notable feature of the wrong kind of wisdom is the pride
taken by one in his cleverness in the ability to cover up or get by; however,
any lack of integrity undermines the structure of good faith and mutual confidence upon which all human transactions ultimately depend.
Saturday, June 19
HEAVENLY WISDOM
Lesson 3
James 3:17, 18
In marked contrast to earthly wisdom is the wisdom from above. Heavenly wisdom is not only better because of its source and origin, but is much better also in its nature and effects. Earthly wisdom engenders envy and strife;
however, heavenly wisdom is responsible for gentleness and peace.
Heavenly Wisdom Described (verse 17). The wisdom described in this
verse is from the same source as the good and perfect gifts which were mentioned in James 1:17. Eight graphic terms, which are comparable in many
respects to the ninefold fruit of the Spirit (Gal. 5:22, 23), are used to describe
this invaluable wisdom.
Pure. This term comes from a Greek word which essentially signifies moral
purity (1 Tim. 5:22; 1 John 3:3) or chastity (2 Cor. 11:2). Heavenly wisdom is
undiluted or undefiled with any error.
Peaceable. Earthly wisdom causes disorder, strife and all manner of evil.
Those who are truly wise do what they can to promote and preserve peace
between God and mankind and among all people.
Gentle. The Greek term for this word literally means what is right or fitting. In Acts 24:4 it is translated clemency. It conveys the idea of an appropriate display of forbearance or leniency.
Easy to be entreated. This is not an easiness that is weak or faulty. Instead,
it is a disposition that is receptive to all that is good and beneficial. Heavenly wisdom is open to all that is appropriate.
Full of mercy. Mercy is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of
God. In all His dealings with humanity, mercy predominates. Recipients of
the wisdom from above are merciful toward everyone.
Full of good fruits. This is in stark contrast to the evil works produced by
38 / James 3:1-18
earthly wisdom. Heavenly wisdom yields a bountiful harvest of actions and
activities that are wholesome and beneficial in every respect.
Without partiality. Earlier James had cautioned his readers about showing
partiality (James 2:1-4). Such actions cause divisions and strife, but the wisdom from above is no respecter of persons.
Without hypocrisy. In all our relationships with others we are to be sincere,
without a hint of dishonesty and with no concealment of facts. True wisdom
never acts a part to gain its own ends.
The Benefits of Heavenly Wisdom (verse 18). This verse is awkward to
read; however, it can be paraphrased something like this: The peacemakers
who sow in peace reap righteousness. There is an unyielding, unchangeable
law of sowing and reaping, which simply stated is, what is sown is what will
be reaped (Gal. 6:7-9). Righteousness is the fruit of seed that is sown in peace.
That which is sown in peace also produces a harvest of joy. Seeds of pride and
envy yield a harvest of strife and chaos. Heavenly wisdom assures a good harvest because it sows the right seed.
Lesson 3
CONTROLLING THE TONGUE
Conclusion
James 3:1-18
A well-known adage could be paraphrased to declare, The tongue is mightier than the sword. Not only is the tongue a powerfully destructive force, but
it can also produce many positive benefits. Teachers and preachers who proclaim the truth are vivid examples of this. To use the tongue most properly
and beneficially, one needs to have true wisdom which comes from God Himself. Those who possess such wisdom are able to control the tongue because
they are under the control of God.
Lesson 4
Submissive to Separation
James 4:1-17
In the closing verses of chapter 3 James spoke of the peace of the heavenly
wisdom. In this chapter he dealt with the strife of carnal conflict. He set before
his readers a basic questionIs it your aim in life to submit to the will of God,
or to gratify your own desires with the pleasures of this world? Submission to
the will of God enables one to overcome all sinful tendencies and walk in faith,
looking to God daily for His guidance. Christ and the world are opposites;
believers cannot embrace both.
Monday, June 21
Lesson 4
REASONS FOR UNANSWERED PRAYER
James 4:1-3
One of the most wonderful teachings in all the Bible is that God answers
prayer. It must be understood, however, that God does not grant every request
made of Him. In these verses James set forth some principles which must be
observed for our prayers to be answered.
The Internal Warfare (verse 1). James sought to drive home to his readers that external strife is the result of internal strife. His readers were believersor at least they professed to be suchbut they often did not get along
with each other. Therefore, he asked them rhetorically why they were always
fighting among themselves. The Greek term for war denotes strife, whether
between nations, among individuals or within oneself. Fighting speaks of disputes that erupt into brawls. The word war
Lusts: many will recognize this
embraces a broader, more extended scope of
word. It is hedonist.The definiactivity, while fighting focuses on more limtion given often is pleasure.
ited actions. The reason for conflict
The concept is much greater
whether among a group of believers or withthan a mere pleasure. It is used
in the sense of lust and passion.
in a believers own lifeis inappropriate,
This is different than the lust of
inordinate desires. (Lusts that war in your
James 4:2. Our own lusts can
members.) We want that which we should
lead to sensuality and passions
not have, yet we are so intent on having our
that are out of control. Beware
hearts desire that we are willing to do
of lust. Word Study #2237.
whatever we have to to get it. The overmas39
40 / James 4:1-17
tering desire for the gratification of pleasure and the feverish search for its
accomplishment cause many resentments and other conflicts which often
result in personal strife and collisions of enmity which are like battles.
The External Warfare (verse 2). A world in which peoples primary aim
is to please themselves is one of savagery and division. Such a picture was
what is depicted here. The Greek word for lust in this verse essentially means
to desire intensely. The phrase ye desire to have basically means the same
thing. The desire that is under consideration is a longing which is so compelling that one is willing to do anythingup to, and even including murderto gratify that desire. What a tragic chain reaction James described:
lust, incapable of satisfaction, leads to violence, cruelty and even murder. It
is unfortunate for such actions to occur even among unbelievers, but it is
much worse when believers commit such deeds. In all of the greedy conniving
and grasping, along with the resulting turbulence and violence, people do not
get what they want. Why? Because they seek it from the wrong source and in
the wrong manner. James emphasized that we have not because we ask not.
The innermost longings and desires of believers are granted through prayer,
not by material accomplishments and acquisitions, however great they might
be.
Inappropriate Prayer Requests (verse 3). In the precedanna
ing verse James mentioned that
we sometimes do not receive
Praying Amiss (James 4:3): Jesus said,
what we want because we do not
Ask, and it shall be given you; . . . For
every one that asketh receiveth (Matt. 7:7,
ask God to grant it. In this verse
8). James said some ask but do not receive.
he explained that inappropriate
Effective prayer must meet certain condirequests are another reason why
tions. James said some did not receive
we do not get what we seek from
because they asked amiss for the wrong
God. To ask amiss is to ask for
motive. They wished to consume it upon
their own selfish lusts. It seems inconceivsomething for the wrong reason,
able, but at least some to whom James
or to ask for something which we
wrote were murderers (verse 2). John Newshould not have asked. Self-centon, once a slave trafficker, is said to have
tered prayers that ignore the will
thanked God for a successful year. The
of God will not be answered. If we
Crusaders invoked the blessing of their
pray as did Jesus, Not my will,
patron saint before going forth to murder,
plunder and rape. God does not grant the
but thine, be done (Luke 22:42),
prayer requests of such. Effectual, fervent
we will be drawn closer to God
prayer must be unselfish. When we pray
and be more yielded to Him.
for peace and security, it should be that we
When such an attitude prevails,
might have greater opportunities to preach
God will help us. He will change
the gospel. Always, we should be willing
for God to answer according to His wisour desires if that is the problem,
dom, will and purpose. Jesus prayed, Not
or He will let us know if we are
as I will, but as thou wilt (Matt. 26:39).
seeking something that is not
right for us. Unfortunately, many
Submissive to Separation / 41
of the prayers offered by believers are a check list of things we want to receive
or things we want God to do without any effort on our part to seek His will in
such matters. God answers prayer, but He does not grant petitions which
enable believers to continue to multiply their sins.
Tuesday, June 22
SPIRITUAL ADULTERY
Lesson 4
James 4:4-6
The actions and activities which James described in verses 1-3 are in opposition to what God desires for His people. James calls upon believers to make
a clear-cut choice between God and all ungodly attitudes and endeavors.
Those who belong to God must not be friends with the world.
Enemies of God (verse 4). James used some strong language in this
verse. He accused those who cause strife among brethren and seek to gratify
their carnal lusts of spiritual adultery. Under the Law adultery was prohibited by the Ten Commandments, and those who were guilty of violating that
precept were to be stoned to death. The word world, as used in this instance,
refers to all the plans and pursuits of humanity that are contradictory to the
purposes of God. To disobey God is tantamount to breaking ones marriage
vows. In marriage a man and woman pledge fidelity to each other until death
severs their relationship. Similarly, believers are to be faithful to God until
He chooses to remove us from the earth. To be a friend of the world is to give
assistance to those who are in opposition to the work of God on the earth.
That is why James accused those believers who befriend the world of being
enemies of God. Jesus told His disciples, Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you (John 15:14). If we do what Jesus commands us to do,
there will be times when we will displease people who are not concerned
about His cause.
A Jealous Lover (verse 5). This verse is difficult to interpret, and few
commentaries agree on its interpretation; however, this verse should be interpreted in the context of marital fidelity. The reference to the Scripture in the
opening statement of verse 5 seemingly does not speak of a specific verse or
passage, but to the overall teachings of the Scripturesespecially the Old
Testament Scriptures since that was essentially all they had in James time
regarding marital fidelity. The verb dwelleth suggests the indwelling of the
Holy Spirit in the lives of believers (Rom. 8:15; 1 Cor. 2:12; 6:19). The phrase,
lusteth to envy, is not necessarily negative in its connotation, but could be rendered as yearns jealously. Thus, the last part of verse 5 could be paraphrased
as follows: The Holy Spirit who dwells within us yearns jealously. Another
way to express it is the Holy Spirit who indwells each believer jealously
yearns for us to be faithful and obedient to God, and not to flirt with the world
and engage in unchristian conduct.
42 / James 4:1-17
The Bestowal of Grace (verse 6). It is not easy to live faithfully for the
true God in a world that has embraced Satan as its god and prince; however,
this is what God expects, and if He makes great demands, He provides sufficient resources for His people. He knows our needs even better than we do.
Therefore, He gives grace to believers so that we can maintain fidelity to Him
in all our daily activities. There is a consistent principle in the bestowal of
divine grace which this verse underscores. For anyone to receive the grace of
God, whether in salvation or in daily living, he must acknowledge the need
for grace and humbly accept it. The Old Testament Scripture quoted in this
verse is Proverbs 3:34. The reason for the different wording in this place is
due to the fact that James, like most of the New Testament writers, used the
Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Old Testament. Pride blocks one from
receiving the grace of God because it refuses to acknowledge its need.
Because pride cherishes its independence so fiercely, it will not admit any
dependence on anyone and refuses to be beholden to anyone, especially God.
Wednesday, June 23
SUBMITTING AND RESISTING
Manna
Resist the Devil (James 4:7): Every temptation to evil is of the devil. A person may not
avoid the devils temptations, but it is possible to avoid being victimized by him. We are
to resist him. James offers two ways that he
may be resisted. (1) Submit yourselves . . .
to God. God does not tempt a person to
evil. (See James 1:13.) (2) Draw nigh to
God (James 4:8).
Sometimes a person offers the excuse that
he could not help it. This is an invalid
excuse. The temptations of the devil are
never irresistible. God will not permit the
devil to tempt a person with a sin that cannot be refused, But will with the temptation
also make a way to escape, that ye may be
able to bear it (1 Cor. 10:13). For further
help to successfully resist the devil, a person
should put on the whole armor of God.
(Eph. 6:13). Jesus set the example for all. He
resisted the devils temptations with the
Scriptures, It is written (Matt. 4:4, 7, 10).
Afterwards, the devil left Jesus. James said,
Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
Lesson 4
James 4:7, 8
The key to a victorious
Christian life is for one to submit to God and resist Satan.
This principle is so simple and
so self-evident that it hardly
seems necessary to reiterate it;
however, all too often believers
get the order reversed, and we
resist God but submit to
Satan. This is a certain recipe
for failure.
Submitting and Resisting (verse 7). In this verse
James revealed the secret of
victory in the ongoing conflict
between believers and the
world. Two essential activities
are necessarysubmission to
God and resistance to Satan.
Through a fuller, deeper surrender to Gods will, we cease
to fight against Him. At the
same time, we are strengthened in our ability to resist
Satan and his temptations.
There is an old couplet that goes, Satan trembles when he sees the weakest
saint upon his knees. When one bows in submission to the will or purposes
of God, he receives the grace needed to triumph in any situation and over any
circumstance. Even the devil, the archenemy of God and His people, can be
defeated by ones surrender to God. Submission to God and resistance of
Satan are closely intertwined. To submit to God is to seek fully and gladly His
complete will for ones life, but to do this one must also resist the devil. Satan
knows fully well that his greatest hope of enticing believers away from a
wholehearted submission to God lies in appealing to our pride. Thus, he is
constantly urging us to be more self-assertive and independent.
Cleansed and Purified (verse 8).
Purify: the command of this
James exhortation to draw near (nigh) to
phrase is clear.We are to make
God was a reminder to the Jews that under
our hearts ceremonially clean
the Law only the high priest could go into
and acceptable to God.This
the presence of God in the Holy of Holies,
word means to make pure.
and he could do that only on the Day of
The Jewish audience of James
would understand it to require
Atonement; however, in this new dispensarepentance. Faith would be a
tion any believer can draw near to God at
part of this act. Purify would
any time because access to His presence has
mean to be clean and meet
been opened up by Jesus Christ through
the standards of God. Word
His death (Heb. 10:19-22). Anyone who
Study #48.
seeks to draw near to God will find that God
Cleanse: this is a synonym of
is more than ready to respond. The exhortapurify. It speaks of the same
tion cleanse your hands is a reminder that
function of the heart.This is
we must seek Gods forgiveness for daily
also a command. It is used to
sins. Under the Law the priests had to wash
remove defilement in both the
literal and figurative sense. It is
their hands and feet before entering the
used
of the Old Testament sacTabernacle or Temple (Ex. 30:17-21). James
rifices to make the animals and
also gave the admonition, purify your
the utensils clean for use in the
hearts. The word purify is from the same
ceremony. It is used of people
Greek root term as pure in James 3:17. (See
when we have our hearts in a
right relation with God. Word
comments on this verse.) The purified heart
Study #2511.
is one that is undefiled in motive and undeterred in purpose. For information on double-minded, refer to the comments on James 1:8 in Lesson 1. When one submits to Gods will, his actions and attitude will be pleasing to Him.
Thursday, June 24
THE VICTORY OF HUMILITY
Lesson 4
James 4:9, 10
The world regards meek, humble people as losers or wimps; however, the
Bible teaches that those who humble themselves before God are assured of
44 / James 4:1-17
great victory. In the Sermon on the Mount one of the Beatitudes which Jesus
proclaimed is, Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth (Matt.
5:5).
From Laughter to Mourning (verse 9). This verse is a call to repentance
on the part of believers. Previously, James had urged his readers to renounce
worldlinessthat is, they were not to use
Heaviness: turn your joy to
the standards of the world as the guide and
heaviness.This does not fit in
criteria for their lives. He called upon them
our positive world; however,
to be afflicted, mourn and weep. The expresJames was clear as to his meansion be afflicted denotes an intentional
ing.We are to turn our joy to
assumption
of something that is difficult or
gloom.The concept of the
rigorous,
such
as the training an athlete
word is a downcast look
expressive of sorrow.We
undertakes. To mourn is to recognize the
would think of the necessity of
prevalence of sin and the toll it takes in
being serious about our relaones life. To weep is to demonstrate that
tionship to God.We need to
one genuinely regrets the presence of sin
take matters seriously as well
and its consequences. In the last part of this
as enjoy life. Word Study
#2726.
verse, James seemed to say that there was
no place for joy or happiness in the Christian life. That is not the case, however. If anyone has any reason to rejoice, it
is a believer in Jesus Christ. What James was warning against is joy that is
derived from the wrong source or for the wrong reason. Those who are enjoying the pleasures of sin and the fleeting happiness which the world offers
need to repent and allow God to convict them so that their sensual laughter
will become godly sorrow and their frivolous joy will become remorse and
regret.
From Abasement to Exaltation (verse 10). The affliction, mourning and
weeping which James mentioned in verse 9 provide evidence of repentance;
however, if the repentance is not
genuine, no amount of weeping,
anna
wailing and gnashing of teeth
Humble Yourselves (James 4:10): Humiliwill impress God. Outer demonty is not easily attained. Human nature
strations should accurately redesires exaltation. Many employ extreme
flect the inner disposition. Note
measures to attain it. The humility that
James urged may be defined as unpretenthat true humility is first and
tious modesty. It is not self-abasement.
foremost in the sight of God.
Instead, it is the abandonment of the base
Whether others recognize or
desires of the flesh and the dedication of
acknowledge ones humility is of
self to the will and purpose of God. The
little consequence; however, God
rewards of the flesh are temporary, but the
rewards of righteousness are eternal. Jesus
certainly knows whether we are
said, Whosoever shall exalt himself shall
genuinely humble or merely prebe abased; and he that shall humble himtending to be, and that is what
self shall be exalted (Matt. 23:12). In the
really matters. Not only does
Christian life, the way up is first down.
God recognize true humility, but
He also acknowledges it appropriately. Believers are assured that if they
abase themselves before God, He will exalt them. This exaltation will not
always be something the world sees and accepts, but it will be genuine,
nonetheless. Gods final settlement regarding the actions and accomplishments of believers will be at the Judgment Seat of Christ. Thus, it might seem
as if those who spurn the privileges and honors which the world offers are
great losers, but God will remember them.
Friday, June 25
THE SUPREME LAWGIVER
Lesson 4
James 4:11, 12
The admonition of this passage, speak not evil one of another, is directed
to those who refuse to humble themselves before God. Such people completely disregard the Scriptures and seek to exalt themselves even above God;
however, Gods Law is more important than human ambition.
Judging the Law (verse 11). The expression speak evil denotes a malicious nature of speech. Sins like unjust and unnecessary criticism, backbiting
and slander are included in such speech. The terms brethren and brother
indicate that the problem James addressed involved believers. It is bad
enough to have to endure accusations and insults from unbelievers, but to
receive such from other believers is even worse. The Law forbade evil speaking (Lev. 19:16-18), and the New Testament teaches likewise (1 Peter 2:1).
Anyone who presumes to speak in a negative, judgmental manner against a
fellow-Christian is setting himself up in an exalted position over other believers and also even over the Scriptures. The precept of the Bible is for us to
abase ourselves and allow God to raise us up (James 4:10), but self-appointed judges not only refuse to abase themselves, they exalt themselves. Slanderous, detracting speech defies the Word of God and His people, and those
who indulge in such conduct choose to disregard and disobeythereby acting
as a judgethe laws or teachings which God has laid down.
The Supreme Lawgiver (verse 12). There is no question regarding the
identity of the one lawgiver. Because God is the Supreme Lawgiver, no one
has the right to set himself above any of the teachings of the Scriptures or
install himself as the spiritual and moral judge of anyone. While there are
some areas in which it is appropriate, legitimate and even necessary for people to sit in judgment of others, no one should assume the role which God
alone has as the judge of the saints. Human beings make two mistakes in
regard to seeking the position which God holds as Savior and Sovereign.
There are those who say, in effect, I dont need the salvation which God offers.
Then, there are those who profess to be saved, but say, in effect, Im capable
of exercising judgment over other Christians. Each group disregards a critical function which only God can accomplish. He is the only One who can save
46 / James 4:1-17
sinners, and He is the only One who can judge believers. Thus, He is the
Supreme Lawgiver, and as such He has set forth His will and purpose regarding mankind in the inspired Scriptures. His Word is not to be disobeyed, nor
is it to be disregarded.
Saturday, June 26
A MEANINGFUL LIFE
Lesson 4
James 4:13-17
This passage continues the line of thought suggested by James admonitions against pride and arrogance. The epitome of such arrogance is depicted
in these verses. While it is certainly advisable for one to plan carefully for the
future, such planning must never be done apart from the realization by
believers that the will of God must always be taken into account. To be presumptuous is a serious sin because such conduct disregards the will of God
and seeks to act independently of Him (Psalm 19:13).
The Futility of Boasting (verse 13). The recipients of James epistle
were Jewish Christians who were scattered throughout the Roman empire.
(See comments on The Scattered Tribes, verse 1, Lesson 1.) In such an environment many Jews became merchants and traders, some of whom were
among the converts to Christianity, an example of which was Lydia (Acts
16:13-15). Those people often failed to remember that temporal goals and
pursuits are to be subordinated to spiritual needs and endeavors. The sin
which James rebuked is not that of planning for the future but in failing to
consider God and His purposes in their plans. For one to boast in what he
intends to do in the future is a
serious sin because no one
knows what the future holds
anna
(Prov. 27:1). People who act as if
The Vanity of Life (James 4:14): Certainly
they know for certain what will
we should plan for tomorrow, but in
happen in the future are claimdoing so, remember that tomorrow we
may be in eternity. Therefore, it is far more
ing, in effect, that either they
important that each person plan for
are omniscient and know everytomorrow with God. There is no opportuthing that shall happen, or they
nity for preparation beyond this life. Even
are omnipotent and can control
a long life on earth is but a moment in
everything that will occur. Howcontrast with eternity.
ever, these are qualities that
Life is like a flower; beautiful in the
morning, but wilted in the evening (James
belong only to God.
1:10). My days are like a shadow that
The Uncertainty of Life
declineth; and I am withered like grass
(verse 14). In this verse James
(Psalm 102:11). Our days upon earth are
underscored the folly of making
a shadow (Job 8:9). Life should be dediplans for ones life when no one
cated to the glory of God. Only that life
will last.
can be certain that he will be
alive for another day or even for
another minute. Even if ones earthly life lasts seventy, seventy-five, eighty
years or longer, it is still brief when compared with eternity. Another consideration regarding the brevity and uncertainty of life is that the productive
years of even a long life are few indeed when one takes into account the time
spent in childhood and old age, the time required for education and training
and the time used for sleeping and relaxation. James used the graphic illustration of a vapor to underscore the fleeting nature of physical life. The Greek
word for vapour denotes a wisp of fog or a puff of smoke and is reminiscent of
breath itself. A vapor is something with so little substance that the slightest
breeze can cause it to dissipate. This is how frail and tenuous our hold on
human life really is. Simply put, earthly life is all over if, when someone
exhales, he does not inhale soon.
The Essential Provision (verse 15). No
Will: if the Lord will or wish or
believer should be so presumptuous as to
desire is the meaning of this
think that he has any lease on physical life.
term.When we seek to live, it
In all of our plans, we should always include
should be as the Lord desires.
the provision, If the Lord will, we shall live,
His wish or desire should be
our command.This common
and do this, or that. Because God holds life
word will does not mean someand death in His hands, no one can continthing forced; instead, it is the
ue to live unless God allows him to do so
desire of the Lord for us.This
through His permissive will. Even more
term implies a delight in somepointed is that although God might permit
thing as well.When we do the
someone to continue to live, that in itself is
Lords will, we find delight.
Word Study #2309
no guarantee that all, or even any, of ones
desires or goals will be realized. Remember,
the Scripture not only states, If the Lord will, we shall live, but it also says,
If the Lord will, we shall . . . do this, or that. In a time when Latin was the
language of the intelligentsia, the professions, officialdom and much of business and commerce, it was common for many people to include in their correspondence the letters D.V., which stood for Deo volente, meaning, God willing. Thus, someone might write, I plan to come and visit you, D.V. The apostle Paul included this essential provision in his correspondence (Acts 18:21;
Rom. 1:10; 15:32; 1 Cor. 4:19; 16:7).
The Evil Rejoicing (verse 16). The reason why it is such a serious sin for
believers to ignore God, or neglect Him, in their considerations and plans is
that it is all too easy to progress from ignoring or neglecting to actually opposing Him. James underscored this danger with his warning about arrogant
boasting and evil rejoicing. The Greek root from which boastings is translated speaks of exaggerated, far-fetched claims, such as those a pompous orator
might make. Paul rebuked such arrogance in Romans 1:30 and warned
against it in 2 Timothy 3:2. The word pride in the expression, the pride of life
is from the same term (1 John 2:16). The boastings which James condemned
are claims which one makes to things which cannot be achieved or realized.
The pride which expresses itself in such self-sufficiency is especially sinful.
48 / James 4:1-17
That is why James characterized it as evil rejoicing. The word rejoicing is
from the same Greek root as rejoice in James 1:9. In the comments on that
verse it was noted that the Greek term actually refers to boasting or glorying.
Thus, the rejoicing which is evil is in reality the vain, pompous boasting of
arrogant believers.
The Application Stated (verse 17). The good to which James referred
in this verse is to refrain from the boasting and self-sufficient planning which
was condemned in the preceding verses. Having pointed out the sinfulness of
such conduct, the writer proceeded to encourage his readers to pursue the
proper course. They needed to remember to include the essential provision, If
the Lord will, in all of their plans and undertakings. Because they knew how
they were to act, if they neglected to do so, then they were acting sinfully. This
principle holds true even today in every area of life for believers. Any lack of
conformity to the will of God is sinful. When we know what God wants us to
door not to do, as the case might bewe have no choice but to do His will.
Otherwise, we are guilty of sinning against God and perhaps others. The
more clearly we understand His will, the greater is our responsibility to be
obedient to Him.
Lesson 4
SUBMISSIVE TO SEPARATION
Conclusion
James 4:1-17
In a world that is full of strife and confusion, believers should not add to
the chaos by engaging in actions and activities that cause friction among
Gods churches and His people. Instead of being at enmity with God and His
purposes, we should be submissive to Him and humble ourselves before Him.
Arrogant attitudes and undertakings should be avoided, and the best safeguard against such thinking and acting is to seek Gods will in all matters and
under all circumstances.
Lesson 5
For Sunday, July 4, 2004
Prevailing Prayer
James 5:1-20
The closing chapter of James addresses three general topics: (1) a condemnation upon those who acquire and use wealth improperly, (2) a reminder of
the second coming of Jesus and (3) the kind of praying that prevails with God.
As Christians, we should never lose sight that we are strangers and pilgrims
on earth, sojourning here until Jesus calls us home or comes for us (Heb.
11:13). Thus, we should look beyond temporal matters and give the greater
priority to eternal concerns.
Monday, June 28
Lesson 5
SELFISH HOARDING
James 5:1-3
It has been said that wealth is an acid test of ones character because it provides telling insight from two critical perspectives: (1) how was the wealth
acquired? and (2) how is the wealth used? The second of these questions is
addressed in verses 1-3. Selfishness is a serious sin because it violates the second greatest commandment, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself (Matt.
22:39).
Coming Miseries (verse 1). The phrase go to now links this verse and
those associated with it to the passage which begins in James 4:13. Many of
the Jews of James time were like so many people of today in that their consuming passion in life was the acquisition and accumulation of great wealth.
Unfortunately, many professed Christians were totally involved in such pursuits, as also is the case today. Perhaps it should be emphasized once again
that there is nothing wrong with wealth. The problem is how one is affected
by his wealth. All too often, those who are rich are likely to echo the words of
the rich fool, Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry (Luke 12:19). However, the reality is that those who are trusting in their riches should weep
and howl because of the miseries that shall come upon them. The Greek word
for weep is the same as in James 4:9. However, the term for howl is an especially strong word which essentially means to make a loud, inarticulate cry.
It suggests an acknowledgment of impending doom. The miseries for believ49
50 / James 5:1-20
ers will be inflicted through

chastisement or at the Judganna
ment Seat of Christ.
Rich Men (James 5:1): It is not clear
Corrupted Riches (verse
whether James addressed believers or
2). This verse is an apt descripunbelievers. Believers can be cruel and
tion of riches that are used for
unmerciful. He probably addressed all
who had placed their hope in the wealth of
the wrong purpose. The Greek
the world. Whether rich or poor, miseries
word from which corrupted is
await them. When the rich young ruler
translated
denotes something
learned that he must put godliness above
which is unserviceable or unuswealth, he went away sorrowful (Matt.
able; however, it also conveys
19:22).
Wealth need not be a hindrance to righthe idea of rottenness. If someteousness. Many of the great men of the
thing such as food is susceptible
Old Testament were wealthy. They were
to rotting, then it becomes unusalso rich in grace. Their wealth enabled
able when corruption sets in.
them to more perfectly represent God to
the lost and perishing world. They thus
This is the picture which James
were laying up treasures in Heaven.
painted here. Riches that are
Those who trust in riches may seem
not properly used or applied are
happy on earth, but miseries await them.
like fruit or vegetables which
(See Luke 16:19-31.)
have become rotten and thus
unfit for use. The reference to
garments is a reminder that elaborate, ornate clothing was a sign of wealth
in Bible times. Joseph gave gifts of clothing to his brethren (Gen. 45:22), and
Samson promised garments for anyone who could solve his riddle (Judges
14:12). The apostle Paul made it a point to emphasize that he had not coveted anyones apparel or money (Acts 20:33). If clothing is moth-eaten, its value
is reduced considerably even if it is still usable. Riches that are not used properly are of no benefit to those who could be helped thereby.
Cankered Wealth (verse 3). James continues to warn against the inappropriate use of wealth. The term cankered is related to the word cancer.
From this it is obvious that canker depicts a corruption or an erosion that
gradually destroys. To use such a term in association with gold and silver is
a hyperbole, that is, an exaggeration employed to make a point. Gold and silver do not rust away to nothing even over a long period of time. Although they
are susceptible to tarnishing, that does not
Cankered: the wealth of people,
appreciably affect their value. James used
their gold and silver, was rusted
the Greek word for canker to emphasize
over.The value was lost
that even the most precious and seemingly
because of the rust.This graphmost indestructible things will perish in
ic picture allows one to see
the lack of importance comcomparison to eternal matters. Note that
mon wealth has in the eyes of
the Greek word for rust in this verse is ios,
God. Let us learn well.Word
which
is generally rendered as poison (Rom.
Study #2728.
3:13; James 3:8). The inappropriate use of
Prevailing Prayer / 51
wealth can be detrimental to ones Christian joy and witnessing effectiveness.
The phrase the last days speaks of the period of time including and following
Jesus first advent. This period is the last days in the sense that nothing further needs to be done for the salvation of believers except for Jesus to return
for them.
Tuesday, June 29
DISHONEST ACQUISITION
Lesson 5
James 5:4-6
God is as much concerned with how one obtains his wealth as how it is
used. It is as wrong to exploit others in order to make money as it is to use
wealth inappropriately. Sooner or later, in one way or another such abusers
will be judged by God, a time James depicts as a day of slaughter (verse 5).
Defrauded Laborers (verse 4). In Bible times life for most day laborers
was a day-to-day, often even hand-to-mouth existence. Because workers
wages were generally meager, it was difficult for them get ahead financially
or even to have any money on hand. That is why the Law required the prompt
payment of wages to laborers (Lev. 19:13; Deut. 24:14, 15; Prov. 3:27, 28). The
New Testament also teaches the proper treatment of employees (Luke 10:7; 1
Tim. 5:18). In this verse James sketched two graphic pictures of something
that is crying out to be heard. First, there is the cry of the wages that is owed
laborers which one refuses to pay (the hire of the labourers . . . which is of
you kept back by fraud, crieth). In addition, there is the cry of the defrauded
workers who have not been paid their just wages (the cries of them which
have reaped). Both cries are urgent demands for justice and equity, and those
cries are definitely heard by God. The word sabaoth is the Greek form of the
Hebrew term hosts. Thus, the title the Lord of sabaoth, actually means the
Lord of hosts, and is a reference to the omnipotent, all-sovereign Ruler over
all of Heaven and earth.
Extravagant Living (verse 5). This verse is a telling indictment of those
who defrauded their workers. While laborers who were not paid their just
wages lived in poverty barely eking out a
Wanton: this word describes a
meager existence, their wealthy employers
life lived in excess.The definilived in extravagant pleasure. Three depiction is to live luxuriously, lead
tions with increasing intensity are included
a voluptuous life, or to give
in this verse. First, those who abuse their
ones self to pleasure. This
term brings to fruition the lust
wealth and their workers are consumed
of James 4:1. In the twenty-first
with the pursuit of temporal pleasures. The
century excess exists.We must
earthly life is of supreme importance to
not live in wanton disregard to
them. Moreover, they indulge themselves to
God. Word Study #4684.
the fullest, as they live a wanton life. To
52 / James 5:1-20
gratify their sinful desires, they go deeper and deeper into sin. Finally, those
who heap up multitudes of sins even as they have heaped up their riches,
heap up the judgment of God. The last part of this verse, ye have nourished
your hearts, as in a day of slaughter, alluded to the practice in Bible times
of keeping up a calf, lamb or kid that was to be killed and eaten at a festive
meal or on a special occasion. Wealthy people who abuse what God has
enabled them to acquire will be judged by Him. Sometimes that judgment
occurs during the earthly life; however, if not, it will most certainly occur at
the Judgment Seat of Christ.
Unjust Justice (verse 6). This verse refers to legal actions, which are
another means by which some wealthy people take advantage of, and even
abuse the poor. A similar charge was leveled against the Pharisees by Jesus
when He denounced them with the scathing accusation, ye devour widows
houses (Matt. 23:14). Sometimes the victims of James day lost more than
property or possessions, as they were sentenced to prison and even executed
(ye have . . . killed the just). Thus, it is readily apparent that dishonest
wealth acquired through fraudulent court action is not a modern-day problem. Wealthy people often have an advantage in the judicial system. Their
influence with judges and other officials can sometimes be a factor. They also
are able to hire the most competent attorneys, pay for investigators and
secure other services that can be helpful to their case. An extreme scenario is
that the rich can afford to bribe judges, witnesses, jurors, prosecutors and
others who are involved in their cases. In stark contrast the poor are often
unable to offset their disadvantage. They do not resist their oppressors
because they cannot do so.
Wednesday, June 30
Lesson 5
CHRISTS RETURN
James 5:7-9
James included this passage in his epistle as an encouragement to those

who might have been suffering abuse (be patient . . . stablish your hearts)
and as a warning to those who might have been abusing the poor (the judge
standeth before the door). In every generation since the ascension of Christ
back to Heaven, the expectation of His return has promoted virtues and
curbed vices among believers.
Patient Waiting (verse 7). Among the early churches and Christians,
there was a firm belief in the return of Christ. That expectation helped sustain them in times of trial and adversity. However, since no one knows exactly when Christ shall return, much patience is needed as one awaits His coming. James used a farmer (husbandman) as an example of such patience.
The farmer had to sow his seed and then wait for the seed to germinate, the
plants to mature and the fruit to ripen before he could reap the harvest. In
the meantime there must be adequate rainfall which James

anna
described as the early and latter
Christian Patience (James 5:7): A patient
rain. In those days some grain
person does not hastily retaliate. He trusts
crops were planted in the fall.
the Lord to take care of those who abuse
The early rains came in late
him. The farmer does not plant today and
reap the next day. He must trust the Lord
October and early November as
for warm seasons and rain. So it is with
the plants were growing. Then in
believers in Christ. We do not know when
late March and early April, as
He is coming again, but we know that He
the crops were beginning to
is coming. The Lord emphasized this truth
mature, the late rains fell.
in the parable of the mustard seed (Mark
4:30-34). Thus we wait patiently for His
Because the farmer cannot hascoming and the rewards He brings with
ten the process, he has to be
Him. (Matt. 16:27).
patient and wait in expectation
Those who wait patiently are not idle.
of a harvest. That Christ shall
They busy themselves in the service of
return is even more certain than
God. The unsaved must hear the good
a farmers harvest. Sometimes,
news of salvation by faith in Christ, and
we must tell them.
unfortunately, there are crop
failures; however, Christ shall
not fail to return, so believers should wait patiently for Him.
Established Hearts (verse 8). The idea of patiently awaiting the return
of Christ is reiterated and amplified in this verse. The admonition, be ye also
patient, recalls the previously mentioned image of the farmer patiently waiting for his crop to mature so he can harvest it. The phrase stablish your hearts
gives additional insight into the manner in which believers should anticipate
the return of Christ. The Greek term for stablish speaks of being firmly fixed.
The same word is used in Luke 9:51 where the Scripture notes that Jesus
steadfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem and in Luke 22:32 where Peter
was told to strengthen his brethren. James exhorted his readers to keep
their hearts firmly fixed on the wonderful assurance that Christ shall indeed
return. They were not to allow the abuses which they might have to suffer, or
the excesses which they might observe in the lives of other believers to discourage or deter them. In spite of all that others might or might not do, the
coming of the Lord draweth nigh, and this realization should help us keep
the faith.
Imminent Return (verse 9). Belief in the imminent return of Christ
should foster harmonious relations among believers. The Greek word for
grudge essentially means to groan or complain. The reference in this verse
is to fault-finding or criticism. Thus, James warned believers that they are
not to be critical of one another. In times of hardship and oppression tempers
are likely to wear thin and harsh things are likely to be uttered, not only
against ones oppressors but also against ones fellow believers as well. Such
actions should be resisted resolutely, however, especially in view of the fact
that the return of Christ is at hand. The title judge refers to Jesus, and
54 / James 5:1-20
because He is standing at (before) the door
is a reminder that He could return at any
time. The irony depicted in this verse is
obvious. Because believers possibly will soon
appear before the Judgment Seat of Christ,
we should not be judging one anothers
motives, intents and purposes. It is better to
leave such judgments in the hands of the
omniscient God. Because He knows all
things, He can correctly evaluate ones
actions, understanding perfectly all the reasons for what was done.
Thursday, July 1
PATIENT ENDURANCE
Grudge: this word is used in the

verb of command. Do not continually groan, sigh, complain or
grumble.The sense is clear that
we are not to have a life-style
that consistently groans and
grumbles about others.We
must beware the selfishness of
complaining that others have
more or enjoy life more than
we do. Do not grumble continually. Word Study #4727.
Lesson 5
James 5:10-12
To encourage his readers to maintain a faithful testimony despite the

adversities which they had to endure, James cited the Old Testament examples of the prophets and the patriarch Job. A vivid demonstration of faithful
endurance is the avoidance of irreverent and frivolous speech despite difficult
circumstances.
The Example of the Prophets (verse 10). The Old Testament includes
numerous examples of faithful prophets who patiently endured affliction. In
most cases those men of God suffered from the hands of their own people.
When Nehemiah offered his eloquent prayer of confession for the sins of the
Jewish people, he included in his prayer that they had slain the prophets
whom God had sent to turn the hearts of the people back to Him (Neh. 9:26).
The prophets were entrusted with a message which they were to proclaim to
others on behalf of God, because they were characterized by James as men
who have spoken in the name of the Lord. Much of the time the message
which the prophets were to deliver was not what the people wanted to hear.
(Compare Isaiah 6:9-11.) Therefore, to accomplish their mission, the prophets
often had to endure patiently the indifference, and sometimes even the antagonism of the people to whom they ministered. Even though so many of the
prophets were persecuted, some even to the point of death, those faithful men
of God generally remained true to their calling.
The Example of Job (verse 11). In the preceding verse James mentioned
the Old Testament prophets as some general examples of patient endurance.
Now he cites a specific example, that of the patriarch Job. The Greek word for
happy in this verse is the same basic term which is rendered as blessed in the
beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:3-12). Those who patiently
endure are among the blessed. In the reference to the patience of Job, the
word patience is not from the same Greek term as is patience in verse 10. The
Greek word in verse 10 essentially means forbearance and conveys the idea
of acceptance, while the term used in verse 11 basically denotes the idea of
continuance and suggests courageous endurance. The patience of Job is not a
passive acceptance of whatever might happeneven though that sometimes
is the kind of patience one needs to exercisebut it is a courageous endurance
based on unshakable faith in the goodness and greatness of God. Such
patience was exemplified by Jobs sublime testimony, The LORD gave, and the
LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD (Job 1:21).
The Lesson Applied (verse 12). On the surface, the admonition of this
verse might seem unrelated to the context. There is a connection, however.
Under the pressure of circumstances, someone might lose his patience and
speak rashly or impulsively. There might even be a tendency to use Gods
name carelessly or irreverently. Note that James says regarding this matter,
But above all things. This underscores the critical importance of patient
endurance. The admonition against swearing and taking oaths does not forbid swearing in court or invoking oaths in other legitimate, honorable matters. It is important to recognize, however, that needless swearing is likely to
make it easier for one to utter oaths, and the more frequent oath-taking
becomes, the more likely one is to disregard his oaths. In the normal course
of ones daily activities, the best guarantee of any statement is not an oath,
but the character of the person who uttered the statement. Ideally speaking,
we should each conduct ourselves in such a manner that no one would consider it necessary to demand an oath from us to verify our word.
Friday, July 2
THE PRAYER OF FAITH
Lesson 5
James 5:13-16
Regardless of ones experiences in the Christian life, the proper response

for believers under all circumstances is prayer and thanksgiving. When suffering affliction, whether from without or within, prayer is in order. In times
of joy singing is a logical and normal expression.
Praying and Praising (verse 13). In this verse James addressed the
entire scope of lifes experiences, from affliction to merriment. The Greek root
for affliction essentially means to suffer. As used by James in this chapter,
the Greek word translated as affliction means to experience trouble, suffering or misfortune. James admonition for those who are afflicted is to pray.
Believers who are experiencing any kind of trouble should pray for deliverance from their affliction, and if that is not Gods will, we should pray for the
grace and strength to endure. We should also pray for those who cause our
afflictions. At the other end of the spectrum are those who are merry. The
Greek word for merry literally means good passion because this term is also
56 / James 5:1-20
rendered as good cheer (Acts 27:22, 25). In this sense merry is the opposite of
anger or wrath. One can be merry despite his situation or circumstances. In
Acts 27 those whom the apostle Paul exhorted to be of good cheer had suffered shipwreck with him. For such believers singing certainly is in order.
The Greek term for the expression sing psalms is the word for psalm in the
form of a verb. The literal meaning of psalm, as a verb, is to sing praises with
a musical instrument. Christians should have a song in their hearts if not on
their lips.
Praying and Anointing (verse 14). This verse should be interpreted as
part of a passage which begins here and continues through the first part of
verse 16. The Greek word for sick in verse 14 is astheno, the root of which
essentially means weakness. One of the most prominent symptoms of sickness is weakness, especially if one has been sick for a long time. It was common in Bible times to use oil in treating wounds (Luke 10:34); however, the
practice of anointing with oil in connection with healing is mentioned in only
one other place in the New Testament (Mark 6:13). There it is apparent that
healing involving anointing with oil was among the spiritual gifts which
Jesus gave to the apostles. Since this epistle was written at a time when
miraculous spiritual gifts were still operative among the early churches, it
seems that this is what James had in mind when he instructed those who
were sick to ask the elders of the church to pray for them and anoint them
with oil. This gift, along with the other miraculous gifts, is no longer in effect;
however, it certainly is in order to pray for the sick.
Healing and Forgiveness (verse 15). The expression the prayer of faith
refers to the prayers of the elders as described in verse 14. The reference to
the saving of the sick does not speak of spiritual salvation, but of physical
restoration. The Greek word for save includes such connotations as deliverance, soundness, safety and preservation. Even though the elders of the
church do the praying and anointing, the healing is from God (the Lord shall
raise him up). In the phrase if he have committed sins the pronoun he refers
to the one who is sick. The implication from this is that the sickness is chastisement for sin, a view which seems to be strengthened by the exhortation to
confess your faults one to another in verse 16. Thus, the situation which
James addressed appears to be one where some believers became involved in
internal strife, as a result of which some were chastised with physical illness.
When prayers were offered by the elders of the churchand, no doubt, by the
individuals involved as wellGod would forgive their sins.
Confession and Intercession (verse 16). Previously, it was noted that
the subject matter of the first part of this verse appears to involve personal
wrongs against fellow-believers. This would be the reason why James admonished his readers to confess their faults one to another. Generally speaking,
there is no reason for believers to confess any faults to people who are not
involved in or affected by such sins. The Greek word from which fault is
translated denotes everyday sins, so to speak, instead of sins which are espe-
cially wicked. (Compare Galatians 6:1.) Although it is always appropriate for
Christians to engage in intercessory prayer, the fact that James specifically
urged us to pray for one another further indicates that harmony among
believers is the essential theme of this passage. Note further that the healing
which is promised was conditional upon confession of sin and intercessory
prayer, thus indicating that the sickness which James addressed in this passage was chastisement for sin.
Saturday, July 3
Lesson 5
PRAYING EFFECTIVELY
James 5:16-20
In the preceding passage James emphasized the importance of prayer,

especially intercessory prayer. Both of these matters are dealt with in these
verses with an emphasis on effective prayer. One of the most obvious indications of effective intercessory prayer is the restoration of erring believers.
Effective Prayers (verse 16). There are several words in the second part
of this verse which are significant in the matter of praying effectively. The
phrase effectual fervent is from a single Greek term, the root of which denotes
intense activity. An effectual fervent prayer is one which is powerful, forceful and productive. Such praying can be done only by someone who is righteous (a righteous man), that is, one who has been made righteous by faith
in Jesus Christ and exemplifies
by a righteous life the righanna
teousness which has been
Effectual, Fervent Prayer (James 5:16):
received through salvation. A
Prayer involves petitions, praise and givbeliever who refuses to live
ing thanks to God. John the Baptist
righteously will not be able to
prayed. Jesus prayed. If He felt the need
pray effectively. This truth was
to pray, how much more should we. The
acknowledged by the psalmist,
disciples asked Jesus to teach us to pray,
If I regard sin in my heart, the
as John also taught his disciples (Luke
11:1). Jesus responded to their request in
Lord will not hear me (Psalm
Matthew 6:1-15.
66:18). The word availeth is
Effectual prayer obtains the desired
from a Greek term which essenresults. It is addressed to God with the
tially means to be strong. The
understanding that He is sovereign, and
same word was translated as
thus we pray in submission to His will in
prevailed in Acts 19:20, So
the matter.
Fervent prayer is not begging. It is the
mightily grew the word of God
presentation of desire and trusting God to
and prevailed.
answer in accordance with His superior
Elijahs Prayer (verses 17,
wisdom.
18). As an example of the power
Elijah is cited as an example for all. He
of a righteous mans prayer
prayed, and it rained not. After three and
a half years, he prayed and it rained.
James recalled the experiences
of Elijah (Elias). First, James
58 / James 5:1-20
emphasized that Elijah was not a demigod, but was instead a normal human
being who had a fleshly nature and was subject to temptations and sins as
everyone else is. That is, he was a man subject to like passions as we are
(verse 17; compare Acts 14:15). The prayer to which James referred occurred
during the reign of King Ahab who was married to the wicked Jezebel. Ahabs
reign was perhaps the lowest point spiritually and morally for the kingdom
of Israel. Due primarily to Jezebels influence, Baalism had become the established religion in Israel. Elijah became a persistent thorn in the flesh for
Ahab and Jezebel, and his prophetic ministry provided a beacon which spotlighted the truth to a benighted generation. His announcement of the
impending drought was a declaration of divine judgment upon a wicked, idolatrous nation (1 Kings 17:1). Although there is no record of the words of his
prayer, there can be no doubt that Elijah was constrained by God Himself to
make such a prayer. The prophet knew how devastating a drought would be,
especially if it continued indefinitely; however, he also knew that Israel had
to be turned back to God despite the cost in human misery and economic loss.
The end of the drought occurred when Elijah defeated the prophets of Baal in
a contest of prayer on Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18). Note that before Elijah
offered his prayer on that occasion, he repaired the altar of the LORD that
was broken down (1 Kings 18:30-33). Following the prophets prayer the
drought was broken with a heavy rain.
Reclaiming Backsliders (verses 19, 20). One should keep in mind that
James overall theme in the last part of this chapter, especially in verses 1420, is that of maintaining appropriate relationships among believers. In verses 19 and 20 James addressed the matter of reclaiming backsliders. The verb
err in verse 19 is from the same Greek term as in James 1:16. (Review comments on that verse in Lesson 1.) To err from the truth is to depart from the
path that should be followed. The word convert essentially means to turn
about. Although the salvation experience is often referred to as a conversion,
that is not necessarily what is meant by the term. In some instances conversion does include salvation (Matt. 13:15; Acts 3:19). However, there are other
instances where this is not the case. The apostle Peter certainly had already
been saved when Jesus told him, in effect, that he needed to be converted
(Luke 22:32), and because James addressed his readers as brethren (verse
19), indicates that believers are the subject. When a backslider is led back to
fellowship with other believers and to service in the Lords work, the chastisement that he had been suffering will no longer be necessary. In some cases
a restored backslider will even be delivered from physical death, which is the
ultimate form of chastisement (1 John 5:16). This is what James means by his
reference to saving a soul from death. The sins that are covered are those of
the erring believer; that is, a life is salvaged for the cause of Christ (Prov.
10:12; 1 Peter 4:8).
Lesson 5
PREVAILING PRAYER
Conclusion
James 5:1-20
Throughout this epistle James had dealt with matters which affect relationships among believers. One of the most effective things Christians can do
for one another is to engage in intercessory prayer. Alfred Lord Tennyson
penned the well-known words, More things are wrought by prayer than this
world dreams of. What is not so well-known is that the next line of Tennysons poem is, Wherefore, let thy voice rise like a fountain for me night and
day. We should all want our intercessory prayers to be effective.
The Books of First

and Second Thessalonians
Introduction
Title. In keeping with the other Pauline letters, these epistles are known
by their recipient. The church in Thessalonica was established by Paul with
the assistance of Silas and Timothy on his second missionary tour (Acts 17:110). The city of Thessalonica was one of the leading cities in the Roman
empire during the time of Paul. The church in that city became an effective
witness for the cause of Christ.
Author. Among Bible scholars and commentators there is nearly universal
agreement that the Thessalonian epistles were written by the apostle Paul.
There is also general consensus that these epistles were among the first of all
those which Paul penned. Pauls departure from Thessalonica was hastened
by the opposition of the Jews, so motivated by deep concern, he wrote to the
church soon after leaving.
Date. The epistles of 1 and 2 Thessalonians were written in about AD 50.
This conclusion is based on the fact that according to secular history Gallio
arrived in Corinth in about AD 52, shortly after which Paul left that city after
having ministered there for possibly as long as two years (Acts 18:1-18).
Purpose. Since Paul had to leave Thessalonica so soon after establishing
the church, he was understandably concerned about the well-being of that
fledgling congregation. He wrote 1 Thessalonians to confirm the young converts in their faith and to comfort them regarding some apprehensions they
had concerning the second coming of Christ. Since the epistle of 2 Thessalonians which was written soon afterwards is essentially a supplement to 1
Thessalonians, it contains the same basic themes. A distinction between the
epistles is that in 1 Thessalonians Paul stressed the coming of Christ for His
saints, while in 2 Thessalonians he emphasized the coming of Christ in power
and glory.
Distinctives. Although each of these epistles is relatively brief, several significant passages can be found in them. For example, there is the reference to
the crown of rejoicing, sometimes called the soul-winners crown (1 Thess.
2:19, 20). There is also an eloquent plea for purity in family and personal relationships (1 Thess. 4:1-7). Perhaps the best known passage in either of these
epistles is one which is read at nearly every funeral service (1 Thess. 4:13-18).
Some frequently quoted Scriptures are pray without ceasing (1 Thess. 5:17),
quench not the Spirit (1 Thess. 5:19) and abstain from all appearance of
evil (1 Thess. 5:22). There are also some highly intriguing references, such as,
a falling away and that man of sin (2 Thess. 2:3) and the mystery of iniquity (2 Thess. 2:7). Finally, there is Pauls emphatic statement, if any would
not work, neither should he eat (2 Thess. 3:10).
60
Lesson 6
Reputation of the Church

If ever a church had a shaky beginning, it was the church at Thessalonica;

however, that congregation nonetheless became an influential body of believers which Paul cited as an example to others. A church needs a good reputation among all people to be an effective witness for Christ. One reason why the
church at Thessalonica was such a viable congregation was because its members followed the positive example which was set by Paul and his missionary
companions.
Monday, July 5
Lesson 6
THE GREETING
1 Thessalonians 1:1
In New Testament times the greeting of a letter set a tone of civility and
courtesy. The apostle Paul and the others who wrote epistles which became
part of the New Testament also used the greeting to underscore the goodness
and greatness of God. Because those epistles were inspired by the Holy Spirit, theological as well as cultural considerations were involved in the greetings.
The Church in Thessalonica. In his greeting to the church in Thessalonica, Paul included the names of his missionary companions who had assisted him in his ministry in that city. Silvanus was a variant of Silas, and Timotheus was another form of Timothy. The expression church of the Thessalonians provides some insight into the essence of that assembly and all other
scriptural churches. The word church is a translation of the Greek term ekklesia, which essentially means a called out assembly. The Greeks concept of
an ekklesia was that it was a group of people who were specifically called out
to form an assembly which would serve a particular purpose. (Compare Acts
19:32, 39-41.) There were political assemblies, assemblies for craft guilds and
assemblies for other purposes. The notion of a so-called universal church
would have been meaningless to the Greeks because they understood perfectly what was meant by ekklesia. The church in Thessalonica, like all other true
churches, was in God the Father, meaning, among other things, that the
church was included in His purposes and belonged to Him in a unique sense.
61
62 / 1 Thessalonians 1:1-10
The church was in the Lord

Jesus Christ in the sense that
anna
its members gathered in His
Paul, Silvanus and Timotheus (1 Thessaname and their assembly existed
lonians 1:1): We first meet Paul as a young
for His service. The city of Thesman by the name of Saul (Acts 7:58). He
salonica was named for the halfwas persecuting the church but was consister of Alexander the Great. At
victed of sin and received Christ as Savior
on the road to Damascus. He then began to the time of the apostle Pauls
missionary labors, it was the
preach Christ with the same fervor that he
had formerly exercised against the church.
most populous city in MacedoHe became known as Paul. He and Barnnia. Thessalonica was also one of
abas were sent as missionaries by the
the most important cities on a
church at Antioch.
heavily used trade route to
Silvanus is best known to us as Silas.
Rome.
He is listed as one of the great men in the
Grace and Peace. In his
church at Antioch who were prophets and
greeting to the church in Thesteachers (Acts 15:22, 32). He accompanied
Paul on his second missionary tour and
salonica, Paul combined two
was imprisoned with him in Philippi (Acts
well-known forms of salutation,
16).
one of which is related to the
Timotheus (Timothy) was the son of a
New Testament and the other to
Greek man married to a Jewish woman
the Old Testament. Grace is
(Acts 16). He joined Paul and Silas on their
especially associated with the
second missionary journey at Lystra. He
also assisted Paul on his third missionary
New Testament even though
journey. He is last mentioned, Know ye
the word appears several times
that our brother Timothy is set at liberty
in the Old Testament (Gen. 6:8).
(Heb. 13:23).
The Greek word for grace is
charis, which essentially means
goodwill. Divine grace has often been defined as the unmerited, undeserved favor and love of God toward mankind. Dispensationally speaking,
grace also characterizes the manner in which believers serve God during the
church age. The term peace was frequently used among the Jews as a word of
greeting and as a farewell also. Even today many Jewish people use the word
shalom, the Hebrew term for peace, in their greetings and farewells. The biblical concept of peace involves more than the absence of war or the lack of any
kind of disturbance. From the standpoint of the Scriptures the word peace
incorporates such ideas as well-being and wholeness. In salvation one becomes
at peace with God (Rom. 5:1), and in service we have the peace of God in our
lives (Phil. 4:7).
Tuesday, July 6
JUSTIFIED PRAISE
Lesson 6
1 Thessalonians 1:2, 3
Paul was lavish in his praise of the Thessalonian church. Even though his
ministry with that congregation was brief, there was evidence of much fruit
Reputation of the Church / 63

in the lives of those believers. The spiritual gifts of faith, love and hope were
especially operative among the saints in Thessalonica.
Unceasing Thanks (verse 2). The apostle Paul was thankful for the manner in which the Thessalonian believers had responded to the gospel which he
and his co-laborers had proclaimed. Even beyond that, no doubt, was that
Paul was thankful for the manner in which the members of that fledgling congregation had continued to be faithful to God and His church. It certainly
would not have been surprising if those believers had scattered in view of the
circumstances which forced Paul to leave Thessalonica so abruptly (Acts 17:510). Because of the apostles abiding gratitude for the steadfastness of the
Thessalonian saints and his continuing concern for their spiritual well-being,
he faithfully prayed for them. Paul undoubtedly had a lengthy prayer list,
and at this particular time the church at Thessalonica was most likely near
the top of his list. This insight into Pauls prayer life not only indicated his
concern for the churches and believers to whom he had ministered, but it also
provided an insight into the place which intercessory prayer held for him. He
prayed for others, and he asked them to pray for him as well (1 Thess. 5:25).
Spiritual Gifts Utilized (verse 3). As one studies the writings of Paul, it
will become apparent that he makes frequent use of threefold expressions, an
example of which can be seen in this verse. Moreover, the things which the
apostle cited here correspond to the three abiding gifts of the Holy Spirit (1
Cor. 13:13).
The work of faith. Since good works canWork of Faith: this combination
not produce salvation (Eph. 2:8, 9), some
of words is a play on meanings.
people have mistakenly concluded that
Work and faith are not the
there is no relationship between the two;
same. Paul used these terms to
however, good works are appropriate for
show the need for both in the
Christian life. Work is the regubelievers. Saving faith is a living, vital faith
lar
term for employment or a
which normally and naturally leads to good
deed done. Faith is the convicworks (James 2:17-20, 26).
tion of truth, trust and confiThe labor of love. Christian lovecalled
dence. Paul remembers that the
charity in 1 Corinthians 13is a restless
people have both work and
faith. Word Studies #2041 and
grace. It refuses to be idle and is always
#4102.
seeking for something to do for God or His
people. Such love will overcome any hindrance or opposition. This is agape love, that is, love which is based on principle rather than mere emotion.
The patience of hope. Hope, as described in the Bible, is more than merely
a desire or a wistful expectation. The believers hope is the assurance that
what God has promised will be realized. Such assurance enables one to be
patient when beset with firm opposition and even in the face of fierce persecution.
This trilogy of Christian graces covers the entire scope of ones life as a
believer. Faith refers to the past when the new birth was experienced and salvation was received. Love denotes the present, during which we are to serve
God. Hope anticipates the future when the promises of God will be fulfilled.
Wednesday, July 7
BELOVED AND CHOSEN
Lesson 6
1 Thessalonians 1:4
This verse speaks of great privilege. The members of the church in Thessalonica were loved greatly by God, and they had been chosen by Him as a
special people. That knowledge was one of the reasons for the apostles gratitude and his intercessory prayers on behalf of the Thessalonian saints (verse
2).
Beloved by God. Many Greek scholars believe that the phrase of God
should be associated with beloved as well as election. Even though Paul
regarded the members of the Thessalonian
congregation as brothers and sisters in
Election: this word can create
Jesus Christ and loved them sincerely, the
controversy. Election means
the act of picking out, choosfact that they were the beloved of God was
ing and the decree made from
even more significant. The Greek word for
choice by which God deterbeloved is from the same root as is agape.
mines to bless persons by
Agape love is the love of God. It is the highgrace alone. Election does not
est form of love because it is not based on
remove free will nor does it
destroy Gods choice.These
emotion, desire, feeling or any kind of subpeople had been chosen of
jective moods. Agape love is constant and
God to receive grace. Word
unchanging regardless of time, situation or
Study #1589.
circumstances. This kind of love cannot be
earned. It can only be accepted or received.
Believers in Jesus Christ are brothers and sisters in Him and through Him.
As such, we should allow the love of God to flow through us to others, whether
they are saved or unsaved. Agape love will constrain us to preach the gospel
to the lost and live in fellowship with other believers. We might not be able to
like everyone, but we must love them in the Lord.
Chosen by God. The Greek word for election basically denotes a choice.
The election to which Paul referred was Gods choice of the members of the
church in Thessalonica, thus giving them opportunities of privilege and service. Those believers were chosen by God because they had responded to the
message of the gospel by repenting of their sins and trusting Jesus as Savior.
God then called them to follow Him as their Lord, a response which involved
their becoming part of the church in Thessalonica. Those who are chosen by
God must answer His call. If they do not, His choice regarding them does not
become effective.

Two kinds of election are included in the Scriptures, corporate and individual. Corporate election involves groups of people, namely the people of
Israel under the Law and the churches under the New Covenant. God chose
the Israelites to be His special people, and He chose churches to take the lead
in proclaiming the gospel and teaching His truths during this age. With
regard to individual election, each person has to choose how he will respond
to the divine purpose. Individual Jews who were disobedient to the Law suffered the consequences for their actions. In this dispensation individual
believers who choose not to be a part of a scriptural church forfeit the blessings and privileges that they would otherwise receive. Moreover, any believer, whether a member of a church or not, who is disobedient to God will, in
some way or another, suffer the consequences for his sins.
Thursday, July 8
MODEL SOUL-WINNERS
Lesson 6
No one would deny that the greatest example in life is that of Jesus Himself; however, individual believers are also regarded by many people as models for Christian living. This is especially true for pastors, deacons, Sunday
School teachers and others who are in positions of responsibility.
The Gospel Proclaimed and Verified (verse 5). The gospel which Paul
proclaimed in Thessalonica was the good news about the death, burial and
resurrection of Jesus (1 Cor. 15:1-4). That was the message he preached wherever he went. If sinners are to realize their need for salvation and understand
that they can be saved by grace through faith, the gospel must be declared in
word, whether the preached Word of God or the written Word of God. When
Paul and his companions preached the gospel in Thessalonica, there was a
threefold verification of their message by power, the Holy Ghost and assurance.
Verified by power. In Romans 1:16 the apostle Paul emphasized that the
gospel of Christ is the power of God unto salvation. In both 1 Thessalonians
1:5 and Romans 1:16 the Greek word for power is dunamis, which speaks of
active, forceful strength. When the gospel is proclaimed, the power of God is
given an opportunity to break the shackles of sin and turn a sinner around.
Verified by the Holy Ghost. When Paul preached in Thessalonica, he likely
performed some miraculous gifts which confirmed his message; however, the
verification of the gospel by the Holy Ghost occurs even if no miraculous deeds
occur. The Holy Ghost uses the message that is proclaimed, causing conviction of sin and leading the sinner to repent and trust Jesus as Savior. The
Holy Ghosts verification of the gospel is completed when the repentant sinner experiences the new birth (John 3:5-8).
Verified by assurance. When someone
becomes saved, he knows it. Believers can
be certain of their salvation during this life.
We do not have to wait until death comes to
learn where we will spend eternity. With the
forgiveness of sins there is the knowledge of
salvation (Luke 1:77).
The Example of the Preachers (verse
5). In the last part of this verse, Paul mentioned that the Thessalonian believers were
familiar with the manner in which he and
his missionary companions had conducted
themselves during the brief time in which
they ministered in that city. The
favorable impact of a positive
anna
human example should never be
What Manner of Men? (1 Thessalonians
underestimated. Timothy, one of
1:5): The Word (gospel of Christ: for it is
Pauls co-laborers in Thessalonithe power of God unto salvation. Rom.
ca, was later reminded by Paul
1:16) affects the life and conduct of the
that despite his youth he was to
believer and enforces the Word, but only if
set a proper example. Let no
he lives what he preaches. Paul appealed
man despise thy youth; but be
to the Thessalonian believers to remember
not only what he had taught them, but also thou an example of the believhow he had lived and conducted himself
ers (1 Tim. 4:12). The need for
in their presence. Paul and his partners
good examples, especially on the
were living epistles.
part of Christian leaders, is as
The effective teacher must live accordcritical today as it was during
ing to his teaching. Jesus imitated the
the time of Paul and Timothy.
Father (John 5:19). Paul followed Christ (1
The public lives of pastors,
Cor. 11:1) and encouraged the Corinthians
to follow him.
teachers and other Christian
workers must be above reproach
in that their speech and conduct should always coincide with their profession
not only as a Christian, but also as those who have been called to a position
of service and responsibility. The private lives of Christian leaders should
also be exemplary because what we do and say behind closed doors frequently becomes public knowledge. Even beyond this, of course, is that the omniscient God certainly knows what goes on when no one else can see or hear.
The Value of a Good Example (verse 6). In the first part of this verse,
Paul continued to emphasize the importance of a good example. Note that the
apostle did not hesitate to hold up himself and his companions as worthy
examples for the Thessalonian believers to emulate. The reason why Paul
could do that with such confidence is because he and Silas and Timothy were
following the Lord. If Christian leaders are going to set a proper example,
they must make certain that they are going in the right direction. It is a great
tragedy when a pastor or teacher leads others astray. That is why it is so
Assurance: the word means a
most certain confidence. The
gospel arrived in certainty in
this city. Full assurance implies
conviction as well.The confidence of Paul exuded at this
point in the power and ability
of the gospel.This word should
allow the reader to understand
the sufficiency of the gospel to
save and provide all that a
believer needs. Word Study
#4136.

essential for them to be followers . . . of the
Followers: the word comes from
Lord.
a term that means to mimic.
The path of service for the Thessalonian
A mime is one who portrays
believers was not an easy one to follow. The
another in a manner so it can
persecution which was directed at Paul also
be discerned by watching the
actions with no words. Paul
affected the members of the church. The
wanted the people to follow
Greek word for affliction essentially means
him as he followed Jesus.We
pressure. In identifying themselves with
are to be mimes of Jesus. Our
Paul and the gospel which he proclaimed,
actions should speak for us as
well as our words. Word Study
the saints in Thessalonica also exposed
#3402.
themselves to suffering and sorrow; however, in the midst of their afflictions, they had
joy. Usually, affliction and joy are poles apart. They are as opposite as night
and day, and as extreme as winter and summer. The reason why those believers could have joy while suffering affliction was because their joy was from
the Holy Ghost. (Compare James 1:2.)
Friday, July 9
A MODEL CHURCH
Lesson 6
Not only did the members of the church in Thessalonica have good examples to follow, but they themselves also became good examples. Within just a
few short months that congregation became a model for other churches and
believers in preaching the gospel and in their faith.
An Example to Other Believers (verse 7). The city of Thessalonica was
situated in the region of Macedonia, which is the northern part of present-day
Greece. When Paul and his companions responded to the Macedonian call,
they preached the gospel first in Philippi (Acts 16:9-12). From Philippi they
went to Thessalonica and then to Berea (Acts 17:1-10). In each of those cities,
a church was established. Despite all the negative things that happened to
Paul in Thessalonica, the influence of that church in Thessalonica was a positive force among the saints in Philippi and Berea.
The Roman province of Achaia covered what is now southern Greece. When
the apostle Paul left Berea, he first went to Athens. While there he preached
on Mars Hill, and although there were some who believed his message, he did
not establish a church in Athens (Acts 17:16-34). From Athens he proceeded
to Corinth where he did establish a church. He spent at least eighteen months
there, the longest time he had stayed anywhere during his first two missionary journeys (Acts 18:1, 11). The two epistles to the church in Thessalonica
were likely written early in Pauls ministry in Corinth. A church was also
established at Cenchrea, the port city for Corinth (Rom. 16:1). Thus, the
example of the church in Thessalonica was
known among four churches in two distinct
Sounded: the church at Thessalonica emitted out or rung out
regions.
the truth of the gospel.There
The Power of Good Deeds (verse 8).
would be no lack of acknowlThe Greek word for sounded out denotes an
edgement that this church was
especially loud, powerful noise. Related
preaching the word of truth.
terms are found in Acts 2:2 where a reThe clarity of ringing out as a
bell would be noticed in Bible
sounding sound came from Heaven on the
times.The clear and precise
day of Pentecost, in Hebrews 12:19 where
tones would be heard. Word
the writer mentions the blaring sound of a
Study #1837.
trumpet which was heard from Mount
Sinai, in 1 Corinthians 13:1 where Paul
describes the harsh gong of sounding brass and in Luke 21:25 where Jesus
mentions the powerful roaring of the ocean. The church in Thessalonica gave
forth such a forceful witness for the gospel that people even beyond Macedonia and Achaia were aware of the testimony of that congregation. The example of the Thessalonian believers underscores one of the primary purposes
God has for His churches. A church is to be a sounding board, so to speak, by
which the Word of God can be sent throughout the world. Not only is the message to be forceful, but it also must be clear.
The expression your faith to God-ward essentially means your faith
toward God. The reason why the church in Thessalonica had such an effective testimony as a sounding board for God was because those believers were
directly connected to an omnipotent power source. Their focus on God was so
firmly fixed that their wonderful accomplishments became widely known.
Saturday, July 10
SALVATION AND ITS PROOF
Lesson 6
Salvation occurs in an instant at the moment someone trusts Jesus as Savior. After one has been saved, God expects a lifetime of service. Christian service does not produce or procure salvation, but is proof of ones salvation.
While serving God, believers are to anticipate the coming of Christ. Thus,
these verses include a sequel, so to speak, to the trilogy which Paul mentioned in verse 3.
Turning to God (verse 9). This corresponds to Pauls previous reference
to the work of faith (verse 3). When Paul and his companions arrived in
Thessalonica, they immediately began preaching the gospel, and their message was readily received by many of the Thessalonians. That the Thessalonian believers turned to God from idols indicates that that congregation
consisted primarily of Gentiles since Jews generally were not idolaters. In
Old Testament times the Israelites frequently worshiped idols, but the Baby-

lonian exile appeared to have cured them from that vice. Instead of embracing
idolatry, the Jews made salvation a matter of works through their insistence
on keeping the Law. Some Jewish leaders, particularly the Pharisees, taught
that the traditions which had been added to the Law also had to be observed;
however, when some Jews asked Jesus what they could do to work the works
of God, He replied, This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he
hath sent (John 6:29). The only thing an unsaved person can do to receive salvation is simply to accept it as a free gift in repentance and faith. The Thessalonian saints had done that, and in so doing they forsook their idolatry and
embraced the true God.
Serving God (verse 9). In addition to the work of faith which Paul mentioned in verse 3 is the labour of love, which corresponds to this reference to
serving the living and true God. This is the appropriate place for good works
in a believers life. While there may be any number of things in which a Christian should be involved, a few guidelines should be noted regarding Christian
service. First, ones service must be directed by God. When Jesus told Peter to
follow Him, Peter asked what John was to do. Jesus replied that what John
was to do was none of Peters business. Peter was to be concerned with what
Jesus wanted him to do (John 21:19-22). Another criterion concerning service
is the fact that it is to be motivated by love. Even the most extreme sacrifice
will not be rewarded if it is not done out of love for God, His people and His
cause (1 Cor. 13:1-3). Moreover, ones service must based on the Scriptures. No
believer, however sincere he might be, can decide how to serve God. Thus, baptism and the Lords Supper must be properly administered, churches are to be
duly constituted. (Unsaved people are not to be accepted into a church.) Another stipulation regarding Christian service is that it will be appropriately
rewarded by God (1 Cor. 3:12-15).
Awaiting the Son (verse 10). Anticipation of the return of Christ answers
to the patience of hope (verse 3).
Wait: the wait is for the return
of Jesus.The meaning of the
word is to wait with patience
and expectantly. Endurance
and expectation can be mutually exclusive. Paul wanted the
people to wait or await, with
both expectation and
endurance.We do not know
when Jesus returns, so we
must be expectant, but while
waiting, we must be about the
task before us.We must
endure the race. Word Study
#362.
Manna
Waiting for His Son (1 Thessalonians

1:10): Jesus promised to return and take
the believers of the ages to Himself. Such
has been the hope of believers during the
ages. Many former idolaters in Thessalonica had turned from idolatry. They believed
Pauls message of salvation by faith in
Christ. This may have caused them some
anxiety, even persecution from former
associates, but they were comforted by the
promise of Christ to return. The death and
resurrection of Christ encourages believers
to live for Christ now and to wait for His
coming to deliver them from the wrath to
come.
Belief in the second coming of Christ is one of the cardinal doctrines of the
Christian faith. The world will not go on indefinitely under the curse of sin
and death. There will be a consummation of this present order and an inauguration of the new order. For believers, however, the most important thing
about the return of Christ is that we shall all be gathered unto Him. Saints
who have died in the Lord will be resurrected, and believers who are still living will be given glorified bodies without having to experience physical death.
This hope was firmly held among the early Christians, and it also has been
fervently believed by believers in each generation. In view of this long held
and deeply cherished hope, how should todays saints await the Son? We
should pray for His coming (Rev. 22:20), watch for it (1 Thess. 5:6), expect it
(Rom. 8:19, 23), look for it (Titus 2:13) and seek to hasten it (2 Peter 3:11, 12).
Anticipation of the return of Christ has a wholesome effect on the believer.
The apostle John wrote, And every man that hath this hope [the hope of the
return of Christ] in him purifeth himself, even as he is pure (1 John 3:3).
Lesson 6
REPUTATION OF THE CHURCH
Conclusion
The members of the church in Thessalonica were fervent and faithful in

their service to God. Those believers might have been despised and even persecuted in Thessalonica, but they were admired and respected among other
churches. Note that the good reputation which the Thessalonian congregation
enjoyed was because of their good works. Those saints practiced good works
because they followed the example which had been set by Paul and his missionary companions.
Lesson 7
Review of the Church
The deep concern the apostle Paul had for the church in Thessalonica is
clearly evident in this epistle and especially so in this chapter. His affection
and solicitude for that congregation breathes and even throbs in these verses
as Paul depicted himself as a nurse (verse 7), as a father (verse 11) and as a
lover (verse 17). The problems which he encountered in his ministry with the
Thessalonian saints were underscored by his references to conflict (verse 2),
hard toil (verse 9) and satanic hindrances (verse 18).
Monday, July 12
Lesson 7
ENTRUSTED WITH THE GOSPEL
Manna
A Fruitful Ministry (1 Thessalonians 2:1):

The preaching of the gospel of Christ is
always effective. It either results in salvation to those who repent and believe, or it
results in condemnation to those who
reject it.
Paul and company had been shamefully treated at Philippi but had gone on to
Thessalonica and boldly preached Christ
there. The response had been such that the
Thessalonians were examples to others in
Macedonia and Achaia (1 Thess. 1:8).
Theirs was a fruitful ministry.
The preaching of Paul was powerful
and fruitful because it was accompanied by
the Holy Spirit. Jesus promised to be with
the churches to the end of the world (Matt.
28:20). Every real church has this holy presence even today. Thus, the preaching of the
true gospel still is not in vain.
71
In these verses Paul reminded
the members of the Thessalonian
church of the manner in which he
conducted himself during the
brief time he was with them.
Although he had been shamefully treated at Philippi, he arrived
in Thessalonica ready to do the
work which God had for him in
that place.
Pauls Arrival in Thessalonica (verse 1). First, Paul
called the attention of the Thessalonian believers to the manner
in which he and his companions
had arrived in their city. Because
of the abusive treatment they
had suffered in Philippi, they
could have entered Thessalonica
bristling with anger and belligerence, or they could have arrived
with a cowed, defeated attitude; however, neither of those conditions prevailed. When Paul and his associates reached Thessalonica, they were ready
to witness to the lost fearlessly and minister to believers compassionately.
Thus, their arrival in Thessalonica was not in vain. The Greek word for vain
means empty, futile and fruitless. Pauls ministry in Thessalonica was successful and productive because his attitude was such that God could use him
to accomplish what He wanted done in that city. One of the most convincing
proofs of the effectiveness of Pauls labors in Thessalonica was that after he
had departed, the members of that congregation continued to serve God and
witness for Him despite the intense persecutions to which they had been subjected. (Compare 1 Thessalonians 1:6-8.)
Shameful Treatment in Philippi (verse 2). The shameful treatment
which Paul and Silas had suffered in Philippi is described in Acts 16:16-40.
The triggering factor in their abusive sufShamefully Entreated: Paul
ferings was greed. Paul healed a slave girl
spoke of the manner of treatof demonic possession. Angry because she
ment that he received by these
could no longer do fortune readings for peoenemies. He stated that they
ple, her masters had Paul and Silas arrestwere treated in an insolent and
shameful manner. It means one
ed. The judicial proceeding quickly degenwho injures another by speakerated to the point where the two missioning evil of him. The term
aries were beaten with whips and then
implies spite and disgrace and
thrown into jail. That night Paul and Silas
insult.This amounted to persesang and prayed. God responded to their
cution, then as it would today.
Word Study #5195.
praises with an earthquake. As a result of
all that happened that night, the Philippian
jailer, along with the rest of his family, was saved and baptized. The next
morning the city magistrates, having had some time to reflect on the events
of the previous day and night, wanted to release Paul and Silas without any
further ado; however, the missionaries refused to be dismissed so quietly.
Invoking their Roman citizenship, they insisted on a face-to-face encounter
with the officials. Thus, the magistrates who earlier had treated Paul and
Silas so callously had to ask them respectfully to leave. Despite the persecution they had suffered in Philippi, the missionaries boldly proclaimed the
gospel even though they were confronted with opposition (with much contention) in Thessalonica also.
A Message of Sincerity (verse 3). One reason why Pauls ministry in
Thessalonica was not in vain was because of the sincerity which characterized the message he proclaimed. There were three factors which contributed
to the sincerity of his preaching and teaching.
Not of deceit. This quality described Pauls message in relation to God.
Having received the truth from God and about God, he transmitted it in all
its integrity without any error or dilution. He did not flinch from declaring
what needed to be said, even if it was not what the people wanted to hear.
Review of the Church / 73

Not of uncleanness. In relation to himself Pauls message was one of purity. He himself was pure in conduct, attitude and motive. He did not have any
hidden agenda, ulterior designs or fleshly goals in going to Thessalonica.
Not in guile. This has to do with Pauls relation with others. He did not
seek to propagate the gospel by fraudulent wiles or false representations, nor
would he stoop to wild exaggerations or blatant hypocrisy to win converts.
Entrusted with the Gospel (verse 4). To be entrusted with the gospel is
the most awesome responsibility anyone could ever receive. Paul felt a deep
sense of duty with regard to his stewardship as a minister of the gospel. The
most critical requirement for a steward is fidelity (1 Cor. 4:2). Eloquence and
persistence might be highly prized by ministers and highly acclaimed by others, but such qualities cannot be substitutes for faithfulness to God and His
Word. Those who are chosen by God to proclaim His Wordthe Greek word
for allowed actually means approvedcannot allow the whims and desires
of men to dictate what they do and say as ministers. Human beings might
pass judgment on ministers, but the One whose judgment really matters is
God. When the apostle Paul arrived in Thessalonica, he did not allow the
unfortunate events that had occurred in Philippi to distort or dilute his ministry in Thessalonica. He was still entrusted with the gospel, the people still
needed to hear the gospel, and he would still have to answer to the One who
had called him.
Tuesday, July 13
APOSTOLIC FORBEARANCE
Lesson 7
In this passage the tenor of Pauls review

Flattering: this does not mean a
of his ministry in Thessalonica changed
compliment or nice words. To
somewhat to a defense of his actions in that
flatter means to exaggerate
city. As an apostle, Paul had authority that
the truth to the point of disother believerseven other preachersdid
tortion. Paul stated that in his
not possess. He was always careful, howevpreaching and the preaching of
his companions no flattery was
er, to use his apostolic authority sparingly
used to gain an advantage.
and discreetly.
Speaking the truth does not
True Words and Pure Motives (verse
require flattery. It is important
5). The first thing Paul mentioned in his
today that the gospel not be
made something it is not with
defense was that he had not resorted to flatflattery of words. Word Study
tery to win any converts in Thessalonica.
#2850.
Flattery is an appeal to ones vanity. At the
least, flattery is a distortion of the truth,
and it often involves actual lies. Practically everyone is susceptible to flattery
because the human nature likes to think it is better than what it really is.
That is why it is wrong for preachers or teachers to resort to flattery in an
effort to make their message appealing to others. If one believes a lie, he is
worse off than before. The apostle also declared that his motives in his ministry were pure. The expression a cloak of covetousness speaks of a pretext for
greed. The sin of covetousness has to be carefully concealed, and some people
are adept at doing so; however, Paul was careful to be open and aboveboard
in all his dealings with the people to whom he ministered. He was determined
not to enrich himself by preaching the gospel. Thus, he was not like the false
apostles who through covetousness . . . with feigned words make merchandise of the people (2 Peter 2:3).
Authority Not Used (verse 6). Evidently, there were some people who
accused Paul of preaching to receive the plaudits of the people to whom he
ministered. The apostle denied that charge, and insisted instead that he had
not sought personal prestige from either the Thessalonian saints or any other
believers. Note that in 1 Thessalonians 1:5 Paul did not say that he and his
companions had come to them in power, but that the gospel had come to them
in power and in the Holy Ghost. As an apostle, Paul could have flaunted his
authority and prestige; however, he would not do so. He would not even exercise his right to receive monetary or material support from the Thessalonians, a thought which will be considered further in verse 9. The word burdensome in verse 6 is from the same root term as in 2 Corinthians 11:9. That Paul
used the plural apostles suggests that Silas, and possibly Timothy as well,
had some apostolic gifts. Barnabas was another missionary with apostolic
powers (Acts 14:14). For some men, such as Barnabas and Silas, the apostolic
status might have been temporary.
The Gentleness of Love (verse 7). In contrast to the forceful authority
which Paul could have wielded was the gentleness that characterized his
ministry in Thessalonica. There is a quiet strength in gentleness that can
subdue the most powerful opposition and triumph over the most formidable
obstacles. The gentle rays of the sun melt the ponderous iceberg much more
speedily than the raging billows of an angry ocean. True gentleness is never
weak, however. The reasoned plea of Moses on behalf of the Israelites
appeased the wrath of God in the incident
involving the golden calf (Ex. 32:7-14), and
Gentle: the word means mild,
gentle and affable. Paul wanted
a calm word from Jesus paralyzed the solto express to his readers the
diers that had been sent to arrest Him
attitude of heart and mind pos(John 18:3-6). The Greek word for nurse in
sessed by him and his companthis verse literally means nourisher.
ions.They were gentle instead
of harsh and abrasive to the
Because of this many scholars say that the
people in the city of ThessaGreek term could have been translated as
lonica.The comparison is like
mother, especially because that Paul menthat of a nurse.We should
tioned the manner in which she cares for
learn to be gentle in the care
her children. There is only one other
of others. Word Study #2261.
instance of the Greek word for cherisheth,

which is Ephesians 5:29 where the term is used in association with nourishing. Paul gently and lovingly nourished the church in Thessalonica.
Wednesday, July 14
Lesson 7
BLAMELESS CONDUCT
Character is unquestionably more important than reputation; however,

inappropriate conduct can blemish ones reputation to the extent that the true
nature of his character will not be known. This is why a good reputation is so
essential for those who want to bear a testimony for the Lord.
Fond Affection (verse 8). The fond affection which Paul and his co-laborers had for the Thessalonian believers took away entirely any desire to
receive anything from the people
to whom they ministered. In
anna
regard to the beneficiaries of the
The Gospel of God (1 Thessalonians
apostolic labors, the missionaries
2:2, 8, 9): Pauls preaching of the gospel
sought them, not theirs; they
of Christ was motivated by a tender
wanted to gain them, not gain from
emotional feeling of love like that of a
them; they wanted to evangelize
nurse to a child (1 Thess. 2:7). He had
them, not make merchandise of
not sought self-glory, but the salvation
them. Their deepest desire was to
of condemned sinners for their good
and for the glory of Christ.
give the Thessalonians not only
Paul suffered much that he might
the gospel, but also all the meanpreach the gospel. The gospel of God is
ing, energy and service of their
the gospel of Christ. To the Corinthians,
own lives. Thus, with the delivery
he wrote that the gospel is how that
of the message from God, Paul also
Christ died, was buried and rose again,
delivered his heart. He was willing
all according to 1 Corinthians 15:1-4.
The gospel is the power of God unto
to risk any hazard, and even lay
salvation to every one that believeth
down his life if necessary to preach
(Rom. 1:16).
to others. He was ready to spend
and be spent in ministering to the
spiritual needs of others. The expression affectionately desirous means to
yearn or long for. The word dear is from the same root term as is agape, and
essentially means beloved. Paul felt so deeply toward the Thessalonian
believers because he knew how badly they needed to hear the gospel, and he
was ready to pay whatever the cost might have been to give them the gospel.
Ceaseless Labors (verse 9). Previously, Paul indicated that he had chosen not to insist that the Thessalonian congregation contribute to the physical support for him and his co-laborers (verse 6). He did not want anyone,
whether a believer or an unbeliever, to accuse him of seeking to enrich himself from the ministry. Although he taught churches the need to support their
pastors (1 Cor. 9:7-10), and even accepted offerings from other churches (Phil.
4:15, 16), he apparently did not take anything for his personal support from
the people to whom he ministered at the
time (2 Cor. 11:8, 9). Paul worked to supply
his financial and material needs, laboring
night and day when necessary to do so.
While engaged in secular work, he was also
busy preaching, teaching and witnessing.
The Greek word for travail in this verse is
not the word that is used elsewhere to
denote the intense pains a woman experiences in childbirth; however, this word does
speak of especially difficult experiences.
The Greek word for chargeable essentially
Unblameably: Paul used this
means burdensome. Paul did not want to
term to characterize his behavoverload the Thessalonian church by insistior in front of the people. He
ing it provide or even help with his support.
gave them no cause for cenUnblameable Behavior (verse 10). As
sure. He had done nothing to
bring any form of reproach,
Paul continued to defend the manner in
shame or even mild embarrasswhich he ministered in Thessalonica, he
ment to them.The need for
called upon two unimpeachable witnesses.
leaders in a congregation to
have lives of this nature is
First, he reminded the Thessalonian believimperative.We are to be above
ers of how he conducted himself while he
reproach. Word Study #274.
was in their midst. The members of that
congregation could affirm that Paul sought
only to give to them through his preaching and teaching and did not seek anything from them in return. Then, in addition to the saints in Thessalonica,
Paul called upon God Himself as a witness. To invoke God as a witness is tantamount to swearing that what one declares is true. To swear by God is a serious matter indeed, and to try to affirm or prove a falsehood by so doing is
blasphemy. As the most promising pupil of one of Israels most prominent rabbis (Acts 22:3), Paul certainly knew what he was doing when he called upon
God as a witness. This verse also includes an example of Pauls penchant for
using threefold expressions in his epistles. The term holily is not from hagios,
which means separate or set apart, and is the usual term for holy; instead,
it is from hosis, which means kindness, graciousness. The Greek word for
justly is from a legal term which essentially means to be declared innocent
or right. Unblameable is from a word which basically means without fault.
Chargeable: this can be translated burden as well.The idea is
that Paul would not be a financial burden to the people. He
told them they could not hold
him as a burden.The concept is
to place a burden or a load on
someone or something. Paul
would not do this to this
church. He was not talking
about meeting responsibilities,
but not overburdening them.
Word Study #1912.
Thursday, July 15
WALKING WORTHILY
Lesson 7
Through salvation believers become children of God. Christians should

consequently live in a manner that is worthy of their calling. Our lives must

be pleasing to the One who has saved us and put us in His kingdom. Our
earthly conduct should reflect the fact that our citizenship is in Heaven (Phil.
3:20).
Fatherly Exhortation (verse 11). Earlier the apostle Paul referred to
what could be called the mother side of his ministry in Thessalonica (verse
7). He alluded to that aspect of his activities in terms of nourishing and sustaining his converts as would a nursing mother. Verse 11 depicts the father
nature of Pauls ministry, which involved encouragement and exhortation.
Once again, the apostle listed a trilogy of things by which he intended to
assist the Thessalonian saints in their spiritual growth and development.
Exhortation. The Greek word for exhorted is from the same basic term as
is Comforter in John 14:26. In this sense to give exhortation is to provide
encouragement, guidance and strength.
Comfort. In the Greek language this word is essentially the same as is
exhorted. Although there is little difference between the terms, the Holy Spirit led Paul to include both of them to emphasize his point.
Testify. The Greek word for charged is from the basic term for testimony or
witness. As used in this instance, however, most scholars agree that the word
conveys the idea of implore. The same Greek term appears in Ephesians 4:17
where it is translated as testify.
Walking Worthily (verse 12). The word walk refers to ones daily conduct
or manner of life. To be called upon to walk worthy of God is an awesome challenge. God is sinless, and no believer, regardless of dedication or sincerity, can
live a sinless life. In view of our inadequacies and failures, it is certainly in
order to ask how we can walk worthy of God. The last part of this verse gives
some insight into the solution to that problem. We should recognize that God
has called us into His kingdom and glory. In regard to our relationship with
the kingdom of God, we enter His kingdom through the new birth (John 3:3,
5). Although there is a future expression of the kingdom, there is a sense in
which believers are to live daily in His kingdom. In its most basic setting, the
kingdom of God is where His will prevails. If we are yielded to His will and
allow Him to rule in our hearts, we will realize, at least to some extent, what
is meant by the petition, Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it
is in heaven (Matt. 6:10). One can be assured of walking worthy of God by
living each day in His will. Such a walk will bring glory to God and the believer.
The Effective Word (verse 13). To have a worthy walk for God, one must
be a follower of the Word. Even though God uses human instrumentality to
proclaim and propagate His Word, it should always be understood that what
is being preached or taught is not merely the word of some man, but the Word
of God. Note also that the Word must be accepted or received. A message
which falls on deaf ears and hardened hearts is not effective. The fault is not
with the Word or the bearer of the Word, but with the reception of it as Jesus
taught in the parable of the sower (Matt. 13:3-9, 18-23). When the seed of the
Word falls into good soil, there will be a certain harvest. That was what Paul
meant by his insistence that the Word of God works effectively in those who
believe. The expression effectually working is from the same Greek term as
effectual fervent in James 5:16. The root of that word denotes intense activity. Those who truly believe in Jesus as Savior will give some kind of evidence
in their lives that they have experienced the new birth and have become a
new creation in Christ. The Word of God is a dynamic force.
Friday, July 16
THE FULL MEASURE OF SIN
Lesson 7
At least some of the members of the church in Thessalonica had experienced intense persecution. Paul compared their ordeals with the manner in
which the saints in Judea had been persecuted. The persecution of believers
is a grave sin in the eyes of God, a sin which He will certainly judge.
A Persecuted Church (verse 14). In the first part of this verse, Paul
emphasized that the church, as an institution, is divine in its origin and orientation. It was previously
noted that the people of Pauls
time were quite familiar with
anna
the essential meaning of the
Churches of God (1 Thessalonians 2:14):
word ekklesia, the Greek term
A church is a group of baptized believers
who have covenanted together to carry
for church. (See comments on 1
out the commission Christ gave before
Thessalonians 1:1, Lesson 6.)
and reiterated after His crucifixion and
However, the apostle wanted to
resurrection. A church need not be able to
emphasize that the assemblies
prove an unbroken link back to the
church at Jerusalem, but it must be govof believers were not merely
erned and motivated by the unchanging
another type of human organilaws instituted by the Lord. The churches
zation, but were called into
Paul and his helpers established conbeing by God Himself and were
formed to the doctrines of Christ. They
guided and sustained by Him.
were churches of God. They followed, in
doctrines and practices, the churches in
Because the early churches conJudea.
sisted essentially of Jewish
Calling itself a church does not make a
believers and believers who had
group a true church. A true church must
been Jewish proselytes, the
be correct on the plan of salvation, the
mode and purpose of baptism, the purRoman authorities regarded
pose of its organization and its methods
them as an offshoot of Judaism.
of preaching the gospel to the world.
As long as those believers did
not threaten the civil order, the

Romans were content to leave them alone; however, the Jewish leaders perceived the Christians as a threat to their positions of power and prestige.
Therefore, the persecution of the early churches was led by the Jews, not only
in Jerusalem and Judea but also in other places in the Roman empire. Sometimes civil authorities became involved in the harassment and oppression of
Christians, but it was usually at the urging of the Jews.
The Jews Terrible Sins (verse 15). Having referred to the shameful conduct of the Jews in regard to the early churches, the apostle continued to level
some serious charges against his kinsmen in the flesh. The worst thing they
did was to kill Jesus. Today, it is not politically correct to make such an accusation, but it is true, nonetheless. While Jesus was actually crucified at the
hands of the Romans, the Jewish leaders demanded His execution, insisting
that they were willing to accept upon themselvesand even upon their childrenthe blame for His death (Matt. 27:25). Not only did the Jews kill Jesus,
but they also killed the Old Testament prophets. When Jesus declared an
indictment of the Jews, He specifically mentioned the fact that they would
suffer for their persecution of the prophets (Luke 11:50, 51). The sins of the
fathers which were committed in the days of the Old Testament were continued by the Jews in the New Testament era. The apostles and other early
preachers were threatened, beaten and sometimes martyred by the Jews.
Paul certainly knew whereof he
spoke regarding this matter
anna
because he had earlier led in the
Hindered by Satan (1 Thessalonians
persecution of believers (Acts 8:12:16): Satan has hindered the work of God
3; Gal. 1:13).
from the time of his rebellion. He caused
Fulfilling the Measure of
Cain to slay Abel. He so corrupted the
Sin (verse 16). To oppose the
human race that God destroyed all but
gospel is a sin which God will
the eight people of Noahs family during
the great flood. More often than the hisjudge harshly. The only way for
torical records reveal, he has attempted to
people to avoid the horrors of
destroy Gods chosen nation, Israel. He
eternal condemnation in the lake
was behind the crucifixion of Christ. He
of fire is to trust Jesus as Savior.
has persecuted the churches of Christ
That is why it is so critically
through the centuries. He persistently
important for the gospel to be
hindered Paul's ministry for Christ, but
we know that his is a lost cause. In the
proclaimed. Even though God will
end he and all who have chosen to follow
certainly judge those who seek to
him will have their part in the lake of fire.
thwart His purposes, He is merciIronically, the chosen nation has
ful in that He delays as long as
become a most prominent follower of
possible His judgment upon
Satan in opposition to Christ. The Jews
clamored for the death of Christ. They
groups, such as nations and sociinsisted on guarding the tomb of Christ.
eties. The Jews who opposed
They have persecuted the churches of
Jesus and the apostles were not
Christ. For the wrath [of God] is come
judged as a whole until the fall of
upon them to the uttermost (verse 16).
Jerusalem in AD 70. Todays gen-
eration of opponents to the gospel will experience the full measure of divine
wrath during the Great Tribulation. Of course, there are countless numbers
of people who seemingly live and die as enemies of the gospel without suffering any ill effects. In some instances, it appears as if they actually profit from
their wickedness; however, those individuals, along with all those who die in
unbelief, will appear before the Lord at the Great White Throne Judgment to
be judged for their deeds and punished accordingly forever and ever in the
lake of fire (Rev. 20:11-15).
Saturday, July 17
THE CROWN OF REJOICING
Lesson 7
If Gods judgment upon those who oppose the gospel is severe, His reward
for those who endeavor to lead people to salvation is great. Among the
rewards which Christians can earn in the service of the Lord is the crown of
rejoicing, which is sometimes called the soul-winners crown (compare Phil.
4:1).
Pauls Departure from Thessalonica (verse 17). It has previously been
noted that Pauls ministry in Thessalonica was brief and that his departure
from that city was hasty due to the Jews threats against his safety. Even
though he was physically absent from the Thessalonian saints, he thought
about them often and was deeply concerned for their physical and spiritual
well-being. They were constantly in his mind and on his heart even though
he could not be with them. Note that the apostle specifically stated that he
and his co-laborers had been taken from the Thessalonian believers for a
short time. This suggests that he intended to get back to Thessalonica as
soon as possible; however, it was several years before Paul was able to visit
that church again, as he did not get back to Thessalonica until after his third
missionary trip when he went to Macedonia following his departure from
Ephesus (Acts 20:1-3). The deep desire he had to see those believers again
was a reflection of the deep love a pastor has for a beloved congregation.
Satans Hindrance (verse 18). Included
in this verse is a vivid example of the soHindered: this word means
called
editorial usage of the pronoun we.
detained or thwarted. Paul
stated that the adversary
Although Paul wrote, We would have come
stopped them from doing as
unto you, he immediately explained that
they wanted.Whatever
he was referring to himself by adding,
occurred, their way had been
even I Paul. On different occasions Timocut off, and this was disturbing
thy
and Silas had gone back to Thessalonito Paul. Let us not be detained
in carrying out the will of God.
ca, having been sent by Paul to check on the
Word Study #1465.
status of the church which Paul had been
forced to leave so abruptly. The apostle had

not been able to return to Thessalonica because of the hindrances of Satan.
The Greek word for hindrance literally means a cutting in. As used in this
instance, the Greek term is a metaphor taken from military operations in the
days of the Roman empire. Armies would sometimes break up roads, destroy
bridges and interpose varied obstacles in attempts to cut off the enemy forces
advance or retreat. Possibly, Satan hindered Paul from returning to Thessalonica by making it imperative for the apostle to devote his time and labors
elsewhere. It is also possible that Satans hindrance was effected through illness or physical problems, such as Pauls thorn in the flesh (2 Cor. 12:7).
The Crown of Rejoicing (verses 19, 20). In the New Testament two different Greek words are used for crown. Diadema, the basis for diadem,
speaks of a rulers crown, which is essentially an inherited crown. Stephanos
denotes a prize, such as one which was awarded in the Olympic contests; this
is a crown which is achieved. The type of crown mentioned in these verses is
stephanos, a crown which must be earned. The New Testament mentions at
least four different crowns which will be awarded at the Judgment Seat of
Christ for faithful Christian service.
1. The Crown of Life, awarded for faithful service to God in the face of persecution and death (James 1:12; Rev. 2:10).
2. The Crown of Glory, earned by faithful ministers of the gospel for being
undershepherds (1 Peter 5:4).
3. The Crown of Righteousness, achieved by living in anticipation of the
return of Jesus (2 Tim. 4:8).
4. The Crown of Rejoicing, given to those who have led, or were instrumental in leading people to the Lord (Phil. 4:1; 1 Thess. 2:19, 20).
The Bible also speaks of an incorruptible crown (1 Cor. 9:25). While some
preachers, teachers and commentaries teach this is yet another crown which
can be earned, it may well be a general description of all the crownsthey do
not decay. With regard to the crown of rejoicing, the joy that one experiences
in leading people to Christ will seemingly be continued and intensified in
eternity.
Lesson 7
Conclusion
REVIEW OF THE CHURCH

In view of the circumstances under which the church in Thessalonica came
into being, one has to acknowledge that the grace of God was certainly active
among the members of that congregation. It is also evident that despite the
brief ministry which the apostle Paul had with those saints, he imparted to
them a good understanding of the essential teachings and practices of the
faith. That was not a perfect church by any means, but in many respects it
was a model congregation, even an ensemble of jewels.
Lesson 8
Characteristics of a
Model Church
How greatly pleased and deeply gratified the apostle Paul must have been
to learn that the church in Thessalonica was doing well despite the afflictions
which it had to endure. Likewise, how encouraged and comforted the Thessalonian saints must have been to learn that Paul continued to care about them
and seek their well-being despite the abrupt manner in which he had been
forced to leave them. The relationship between Paul and the Thessalonian
congregation was a classic example of the increasing and abounding love
which the apostle mentioned in verse 12.
Monday, July 19
Lesson 8
TIMOTHY SENT TO THESSALONICA
Despite the tremendous advances that have been made in communications

over the centuries, firsthand, eyewitness accounts are still considered the
most reliable, and for that reason they are also the most desirable if circumstances permit them. Thus, Timothy was sent to check on the church in Thessalonica.
Alone in Athens (verse 1). When Paul
Forbear: endure, bear and hold
left Thessalonica, he made his way to Berea,
out seems to be the context of
only to have to move on once again after only
this word. One meaning is to
a short time because of persecution (Acts
protect and to preserve. Paul
17:10-15). However, Silas and Timothy
could no longer endure the
remained in Berea for the time being to conevents of the moment. He
tinue to minister to the church there. Some
could no longer pass over in
of the Berean brethren accompanied Paul
silence the events that he
described. Word Study #4722.
upon his departure and went with him to
Athens. As those men were preparing to
leave Paul and return home, the apostle directed them to instruct Silas and
Timothy to join him in Athens. While Paul waited for his missionary companions to join him, he made a quick survey of the religious situation in Athens.
It was during that time that he preached on Mars Hill (Acts 17:16-34). Evi82
Characteristics of a Model Church / 83

dently, Timothy and possibly Silas also joined Paul in Athens. Although Paul
had established another church since leaving Thessalonica and had preached
in Athens, he could not dispel the church in Thessalonica from his mind.
Therefore, he sent Timothy back to Thessalonica to check on the well-being of
that congregation. It also seems as if Paul sent Silas to BereaSilas probably would not have gone back to Philippi in view of what had happened
therebecause after the apostle had moved on from Athens to Corinth, his
two co-laborers returned to him from Macedonia (Acts 18:5). Paul was always
pressing forward. If he could not remain in Athens and witness there, he
would move on to another place; however, he could not forget the places where
he had been and the people to whom he had ministered.
Timothy and His Mission
(verse 2). In a concise manner,
anna
this verse sets forth the traits
A Messenger To Comfort (1 Thessaloniwhich qualified Timothy for the
ans 3:2): Paul had a pastors heart in
mission on which he was sent
respect to the church at Thessalonica. He
and the essential duties which
was concerned that it not be discouraged
he was to accomplish. Paul desin the faith. Thus, he sacrificed the assistance and comfort of Timothy and sent
ignated Timothy as our brothhim to comfort, encourage the Thessalonier. Thus, he was dispatched to
ans. Afflictions (verse 3) must not turn
the Thessalonian believers as
believers from the faith but confirm them
an equal, not a superior. He was
in it. All that will live godly in Christ
to provide encouragement,
Jesus shall suffer persecution (2 Tim.
3:12).
assistance and comfort instead
The comforts (lack of persecution) in
of imposing burdens or exacting
present-day American Christendom seems
obligations. Paul also described
to have seduced many into a take it or
Timothy as a minister of God.
leave it attitude toward Christ. For many,
The Greek word for minister is
serving Christ has become a secondary
matter. Far too often it is a Sunday only
the also the term from which
exercise. If Paul were living today, he
deacon is derived. Even though
surely would be concerned. Let us resolve
minister refers to a title that is
to be true to the faith in trials or in prosheld in high esteem today, the
perity.
Greek connotation is that of
service. Timothy, like Paul and Silas, was a servant of God. The third thing
Paul mentioned about Timothy is that he was a fellowlabourer in the gospel
of Christ. A fellowlaborer is a colleague or a coworker. Paul, of course, was
unquestionably the God-appointed leader of the missionary team, but he
regarded Timothy as an equal in preaching and teaching responsibilities.
Timothys mission was essentially twofoldto establish and comfort the
members of the Thessalonian congregation. The Greek word for establish
basically means to fix firmly; comfort actually means encourage. Although
the church in Thessalonica had been organized by Paul, those believers needed some additional firming up, so to speak, and encouragement in the midst
of their trials.
Tuesday, July 20
BELIEVERS AND TRIBULATION
Lesson 8
On one occasion Jesus told His disciples, In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world (John 16:33). This is
a principle that has always prevailed. As long as Satan is free to function, he
will see that believers are opposed in their efforts to serve God.
The Certainty of Tribulations (verse 3). The reason why Paul felt that
it was important to send Timothy to strengthen and encourage the Thessalonian believers was because he knew they were being beset with afflictions.
The Greek word for afflictions is the same
term which appears in 1 Thessalonians 1:6
Afflictions: the word means a
where it was noted that the basic meaning
pressing or pressure. The
translation is normally tribulaof this term is pressure. In the last part of
tion.The distress and oppresverse 3, it might seem as God has foreorsion that he had to endure is
dained that Christians must suffer afflicthe idea of the term.Without
tions; however, the truth is not that God has
question Paul endured great
so arranged things that we have to suffer,
affliction as a missionary and as
he traveled.The afflictions were
but that the sinful nature is such that it
many, and they weighed upon
cannot tolerate godliness. Unsaved people
him. Word Study #2347.
in general and wicked people in particular
are uncomfortable, if not outright antagonistic, when they are confronted with the reality of Gods salvation and the
change it can produce in the life of a believer. Jesus declaration to His disciplesIn the world ye shall have tribulation (John 16:33)and Pauls statement in 1 Thessalonians 3:3we are appointed thereuntoare indications
of divine foreknowledge rather than assertions of an inflexible predestination. In His omniscience, God knows that Satan will not sit idly by and allow
the cause of Christ to be advanced and promoted. As surely as Satan caused
the enmity between Cain and Abel and the oppression of the Israelites by the
Egyptians, so does he today cause wicked people to harass and even persecute
Christians.
Tribulations Foretold (verse 4). The apostle Paul arrived in Thessalonica shortly after the ordeal in Philippi in which he and Silas had been unjustly beaten and confined to jail. Those men probably still had the wounds from
the lashing they had received on that occasion. The Thessalonians who
accepted the message which Paul and his co-laborers proclaimed knew that
they could possibly suffer the same fate as had the missionaries. Not only had
Paul told them of such a likelihood, but he could also show them his stripes.
Thus, none of the Thessalonians should have been surprised when Paul had
to leave abruptly because of the threat of persecution against him. The apostle had told them, We [that is, he and his co-laborers] should suffer tribulation. Even with Paul gone, however, the possibility of persecution against the

members of the church in Thessalonica continued to be real. Although the one
who had brought the gospel to Thessalonica was no longer there, the message
he had proclaimed had been accepted by some of the people. Satan was more
upset over the message than he was concerning the messenger. If Paul had
not preached the gospel, he would not have been harassed or persecuted in
Thessalonica or anywhere else. Likewise, if the Thessalonians had not accepted Pauls message, they would not have been subjected to persecution. (Note:
The phrase suffer tribulation is from the same root as afflictions in verse 3).
Wednesday, July 21
Lesson 8
A GOOD REPORT FROM TIMOTHY
The wise man Solomon said that good news from afar is as refreshing as is
a cold drink of water for an extremely thirsty person (Prov. 25:25). Nothing
could have been more satisfying to the apostle Paul than the favorable report
which Timothy brought to him from the church in Thessalonica.
The Threat from Satan (verse 5). In verse 1 Paul mentioned that he
could not stand to wait any longer to learn about the condition of the church
in Thessalonica (we could no longer forbear), a pressing concern that he
repeated in this verse. Such solicitude is to be distinguished from undue personal anxiety which both Jesus and the apostle himself forbade (Matt. 6:2534; Phil. 4:6). Although Paul was deeply concerned about the physical wellbeing of the Thessalonian believers and whether or not they were being subjected to persecution, he was even more concerned about their faith. They had
professed faith in Jesus as Savior, but were they living by faith
anna
in regard to their daily lives?
A Concerned Heart (1 Thessalonians 3:5):
Moreover, if any of them had
Pauls heart was so burdened for the Thesbeen made to suffer because of
salonians that he sent Timothy to learn
Tempter: the one tempting or

testing might test you.The one
testing will prove your character.The adversary is under
consideration and is simply
referred to as the tempter.The
reference describes who he is
and what he will do.The verbal
uses both the noun naming
quality and the verb action
quality.The tester or tempter
is of course the devil, Satan.
Word Study #3985.
how they fared. He knew they faced temptations designed by Satan to turn them
away from the faith, and he knew the
human tendency was to turn away rather
than resist.
Paul was concerned for himself. He
could no longer forbear. We might say,
anxiety was making him ill. He was concerned for the believers. He wanted them
to resist the tempter and remain true to
Christ and receive the greater reward in
Heaven. He was concerned lest our
labour be in vain. Similar expressions are
found in Galatians 4:11 and Philippians
2:16.
their profession of faith in Jesus, was their faith strong enough to enable
them to maintain their testimony? Such questions as these were burning in
Pauls mind, and only a firsthand, eyewitness report could give him the
answers he was seeking. The apostle knew from personal observation, and
even from personal experience, how formidable Satan could be in his efforts
to hinder the progress of the Lords work. The words tempter and tempted are
both from a same Greek root which denotes the idea of testing or examining.
If any of the Thessalonian believers failed to meet the testing of Satan, the
church would have been adversely affected and Pauls labors would have been
in vain to a greater or lesser extent; however, the individual would not have
lost his salvation.
The Good Report (verse 6). When Timothy returned from his visit to the
church in Thessalonica, he had a good report to give to the apostle Paul. The
expression good tidings is from the same basic Greek term as glad tidings
and gospel. There were four aspects to Timothys good report.
1. The Thessalonian saints had remained true to their faith. Even though
Satan had tested some of them, they continued to believe and practice what
Paul and his co-laborers had taught them.
2. There was good news regarding the love (charity) which the Thessalonian believers demonstrated. Most likely, that love expressed itself in love for
one another for the cause of Christ and for the lost.
3. Timothy reported that the believers in Thessalonica remembered fondly
the missionaries who had preached to them and had taught them the basics
of the Christian faith. This seemed to be a
Desiring: Paul had a yearning and
special concern for Paul, due probably
a great desire to see the peobecause he had been forced to leave Thessaple.This word in the negative
lonica so soon after establishing the church.
can be translated lust; however,
here it is used in the positive
4. The Thessalonian saints not only had a
and implies a pursuit with love.
good remembrance of Paul, but they wanted
Paul wanted to see these peoto see him again. That the apostle made it a
ple with an extraordinary
desire. Word Study #1971.
point to mention this suggests that he
hoped to return to Thessalonica as soon as
possible and continue there the ministry that had been so abruptly interrupted.
Thursday, July 22
COMFORT AMID TRIBULATIONS
Lesson 8
The good report which Timothy brought to Paul from the church in Thessalonica was a source of much comfort to the apostle. The time which he had

spent in Athens gave him an opportunity to reflect on his ministry in Macedonia. One thing that was constant for Paul was the persecution to which he
was subjected wherever he went; however, the faith of the Thessalonian
saints was a bright spot in Pauls memory.
Comforted Despite Afflictions (verse 7). Timothys good news from
Thessalonica helped greatly to offset any negative feelings Paul might have
had regarding the problems which had beset them while they were in Macedonia. In Philippi he and Silas, for no just reason, had been thrown into jail
and severely beaten (Acts 16:22-24). In Thessalonica the unbelieving Jews,
having enlisted a gang of thugs and hoodlums, nearly caused a riot because
of their opposition to the gospel which Paul and his companions preached
(Acts 17:5). Even though the missionaries were generally well received in
Berea, some of the Jews from Thessalonica later went there and raised a stir
(Acts 17:13). Paul described the ordeals he had experienced in Macedonia as
affliction and distress. The Greek word for affliction means pressure, as
has been noted previously (1 Thess. 3:3). (Note also suffer tribulation in verse
4.) The word from which distress is translated denotes necessity. The same
word appears in 1 Corinthians 9:16, 2 Corinthians 9:7 and Philemon 14. The
distress which Paul had experienced resulted from circumstances and situations that had been thrust upon him by the enemies of the gospel. Despite all
his afflictions and distress, however, Paul was comforted (literally, encouraged) by what Timothy told him regarding the faith of the Thessalonian
saints. They, like Paul and his co-laborers, had been tested, but their faith in
the true and living God sustained them.
Standing Fast in the Lord (verse 8). Paul was considerably relieved and
greatly overjoyed to learn that the members of the church in Thessalonica
had remained faithful to God. The intensity of the apostles relief and the
depth of his joy can be seen by his assertion, For now we live. To be sure,
this was a figurative statement by Paul; however, the good report from Timothy so revived and energized him that it was as if he been given a new lease
on life. One can only imagine how depressing and defeating it would have
been for Paul if Timothy had delivered to him a negative account regarding
the conditions in the church in Thessalonica. The preposition if, as used in
this verse, conveys the meaning of since. Thus, Pauls exultant feeling was
because that the Thessalonian saints were standing fast in the Lord. In effect,
the apostle said, For now we are made to live since you are standing fast in
the Lord. If the unbelieving Jews in that place had caused serious problems
for Paul and his co-laborers, one can be certain that they would have continued to oppose and harass the members of the church; however, those believers were not intimidated, nor were they discouraged. When they were tested,
they passed with flying colors. Their fidelity and stability gave encouragement and strength to the missionaries and to others as well.
Friday, July 23
PAULS THANKSGIVING
Lesson 8
Upon receiving such a positive report from Timothy, the apostle Paul
poured out his heart in thanksgiving to God for the joy which he experienced
because of the fidelity of the members of the church in Thessalonica. Moreover, he continued to hold to the hope that he would be able to visit the church
soon.
The Joy He Experienced (verse 9). Paul could hardly contain himself
because of the good news he had received from Thessalonica. In the midst of
his rejoicing, however, the apostle was careful to express his thankfulness to
God for making it possible for him to experience such joy. When we are most cheerful,
Render: Paul had a desire to give
something back as it is equal.
we should be most thankful; what we
The word can also mean recrejoice in, we should give thanks for. Paul
ompense or repay. What
actually had difficulty in describing his joy.
could be repaid to God for
He called it all the joy wherewith [with
you is the idea. Paul wanted to
present to God something to
which] we joy for your sakes before our
repay when nothing existed.
God. He had feared the worst in regard to
Word Study #467.
the situation with the church in Thessalonica, but his fears were not realized. The
spiritual stability and maturity of the Thessalonian believers exceeded even
his most optimistic hopes for them. Note that Pauls rejoicing was because of
what the members of the church in Thessalonica had done and had become,
and not because of what he had done. The apostle and his co-laborers had
planted the seed, but it was the Thessalonian saints who had developed and
matured. The missionaries had laid the foundation, but the Thessalonians
were erecting the edifice on that foundation. Paul and his companions had
prepared the people for the race, but members of the church were running the
course, and they were running well. The preaching of the gospel had led to
the new birth among those who accepted it, but their growth in grace came
later.
The Concern He Expressed (verse 10). Although Paul was overjoyed
about the overall favorable status of the church in Thessalonica, he continued
to be concerned about those believers. He prayed for them frequently, and he
especially prayed that God would allow him to return to Thessalonica so he
could resume his ministry to that congregation. The expression night and day
is susceptible of at least three interpretations. First, it could mean that the
apostle remembered the Thessalonian saints in his evening and morning
devotions. Second, it could mean that from time to time throughout the day
and during his waking hours at night, Paul thought about the church in
Thessalonica and breathed a

prayer for that congregation.
anna
Third, it could mean that Paul
Praying Night and Day (1 Thessalonians
prayed for the Thessalonian be3:10): Prayer and the Word are the most
lievers each evening and mornpowerful weapons in the Christians
armor. Paul made use of both. Two
ing and he also prayed for them
motives are seen in this verse. First, Paul
from time to time throughout
longed to see the brethren in Thessalonica.
the day and night. This is most
They were as his children. He had a spirilikely the correct interpretation.
tual affinity for them and long absence
The reason why Paul so ferventhad increased his anxiety for them. Second, he wanted to see them perfect that
ly wanted to be with the church
which is lacking in your faith. He wished
in Thessalonica again was so
to encourage them to continue in the faith
that he could perfect that which
and grow in the grace of the Lord Jesus
was lacking in their faith.
Christ.
Although the Thessalonian
Christians can pray anywhere and at
any time. The psalmist declared,
saints had grown considerably in
Evening, and morning, and at noon, will
grace, there were some things
I pray (Psalm 55:17). Again, we read, At
which needed to be corrected
midnight I will rise to give thanks unto
regarding their knowledge of the
thee because of thy righteous judgments
(Psalm 119:62).
teachings of Christ and concerning their daily lives as believers.
Paul dealt with some of these
matters, such as misunderstandings regarding the second coming in this epistle.
Saturday, July 24
ESTABLISHED IN HOLINESS
Lesson 8
This passage is actually a prayer or petition which Paul made on behalf of

the members of the church in Thessalonica. The apostle desired to be instrumental to the further maturity and edification of those believers. Above all,
he prayed that they would enjoy the approval of Jesus at His coming.
A Prayer for Divine Guidance (verse 11). Yet again, Paul prayed that
God would permit him to resume his ministry with the church at Thessalonica. On the surface it might seem as if the apostle had directed his prayer to
three godsGod himself, our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ. What
this designation actually means, however, is that the Father is God and the
Lord Jesus Christ is also God. While there is only one God, the true God is
actually a Triune God with the Holy Spirit as the third person in the Godhead. Pauls request that God would direct our way unto you was an urgent
plea for an immediate response by God. The Greek word for direct literally
means to make thoroughly straight. Even though the apostle was already in
Corinth when he wrote this epistle, he felt as if it were more imperative for
him to be in Thessalonica. Little did he know at that time what God wanted
him to do in Corinth. The time which he would spend with the church in
Corinth would be at least eighteen months and possibly even longer (Acts
18:11). It is likely that God gave Paul the vision regarding the work he was
to do in Corinth to help him settle down, get focused and concentrate on the
task at hand (Acts 18:7-10). Despite Pauls continued absence from the church
in Thessalonica, that congregation steadily progressed, all of which serves to
remind us that God knows best where and how we are to serve Him.
A Prayer for Abounding Love (verse
Increase and abound: Paul had
12). Whether Paul was in Thessalonica or
a desire for these people to
not, he knew that the members of that
have love in a wonderful way
church needed to love one another, and they
so he used two powerful
needed to love the unsaved also. Therefore,
terms. First, he wanted an
the apostle prayed that the Thessalonian
increase, superabundance or
anything at its best to be augbelievers would abound in such love. The
mented. Second, he wanted
Greek word for abound essentially means
them to exceed a fixed number
to be over and above; the term for increase
of anything. No matter how
conveys a sense of gaining or growing in
one counted, Paul wanted their
quantity with fullness as the goal. Pauls
love to go beyond the number
for the better. Word Studies
desire for the saints in Thessalonica was
#4121 and #4052.
that their love for one another and for all
people would continue to grow without any
diminution. The apostle used himself and his co-laborers as examples of love.
He sincerely prayed that the Thessalonian believers would love one another
as he and the other missionaries loved them, and he wanted the Thessalonian saints to love their relatives, neighbors, townspeople and all other people
as did he and his companions. This is not something that is easy to do; however, it should be noted that the Greek word for love in this verse is agape,
which is divine love. God loves all kinds and conditions of people. He loves
even the unlovable. Such love is not based on affection or feeling but is based
on principle. Agape love seeks the best for one, regardless of his need or worthiness. We, too, can exhibit such love, but we can do so only through God. If
we seek the edification of fellow-believers and the salvation of the unsaved,
we will extend to each the right kind of love.
A Prayer for Strengthening (verse 13). One of the most significant
results of abounding love is seen in this verse. The Greek word for stablish
essentially means to make firm or confirm. This term was rendered as
establish in verse 2. Holiness is from a Greek word which denotes the idea of
separation or setting apart. Holiness in a believers life occurs, positionally
speaking, when he is saved; however, there is a progressive aspect of holiness
as one grows in grace and becomes increasingly conformed to the image of
Christ. The final sense of holiness occurs when we are given our glorified bodies and are received by Christ. This is the feature of holiness to which Paul

referred in this verse, as can be seen by the fact that he associated it with the
coming of Jesus. The Greek word for coming is parousia, which essentially
means presence. Because the emphasis of this term is on the fact of Jesus
presence, it can, when used in reference to Him, refer to either of the phases
of His return. The context indicates whether the coming is when Jesus comes
for His people or when He comes in power and glory to establish His kingdom
on earth. It seems in verse 13 that Paul referred to the time when Jesus will
make an official presentation of all the saints to the Father. While it is certainly true that everything regarding believers will be in perfect order by that
time, we should want to be living even now as consecrated to God and as
blameless before Him as possible.
Lesson 8
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
MODEL CHURCH
Conclusion
The church in Thessalonica held a special place in Pauls heart. Although

the apostle could not be with those believers, they were with him day and
night, as they were always in his mind and on his heart. Adversities had
drawn the Thessalonian saints closer to one another and to the Lord. That
congregation was not perfect by any means, but given the circumstances
under which it came into existence and the situation in which its members
lived and served, it was certainly a commendable church.
Lesson 9
For Sunday, August 1, 2004
Rapture of the Saints
In this chapter the apostle Paul addressed a matter that was a source of
great concern among the members of the church in Thessalonica. That issue
deals with the second coming of Christ and some related items, among which
are the believers personal, business and social life in view of the second
advent, the involvement of deceased believers regarding the return of Christ
and the manner in which believers will be raptured, or caught up, when
Jesus returns.
Monday, July 26
Lesson 9
WALK PLEASING TO GOD
It has been said that while Christians are to keep their eyes on the skies in
anticipation of the return of Christ, they must never forget that their feet are
on the earth. This means that we are to walk each day in a manner that truly
reflects our belief that Jesus could return for us at any moment.
The Teachings of Paul (verse 1). The word furthermore is a linking word
which connects this verse with the closing part of chapter 3. Since that chapter closed with a reference to the second coming of Jesus, it logically follows
that what Paul wrote in the opening of chapter 4 is related to the second coming also. In this verse the apostle reminded the members of the church in
Thessalonica that he and his co-laborers had taught them how they should
conduct themselves so they could please God in their daily lives. The Greek
word for abound in this verse is the same as in 1 Thessalonians 3:12 where it
was noted that the essential meaning is to be over and above. The fact that
Paul added the phrase more and more in this verse gives added emphasis to
the term. Thus, the Thessalonian saints were taught that their daily walk
that is, their conduct or manner of lifewas to be such that with each passing day all that they did and said would become increasingly more pleasing to
God. This is a commendable goal for all believers regardless of our situation
or circumstances.
92
Rapture of the Saints / 93

The Commandments of Jesus (verse 2). The teachings to which Paul
alluded in the preceding verse were not based on his ideas or those of his companions, but on the commandments of Jesus Himself. For an example of some
of the commandments of Jesus, one can refer to the Sermon on the Mount. In
that message Jesus cited several Mosaic commandments, followed by His
expectations for His followers regarding the conduct addressed in these commandments (Matt. 5:21-48). Note that in each of these instances Jesus raised
the standard of the Law for believers of this dispensation. Jesus gave His followers other commandments, particularly in the matter of brotherly love
(John 13:34, 35; 15:12). The Great Commission, which could be regarded as
an expression of the essential duties of the scriptural churches, could certainly be considered as being among the commandments of Jesus. Included in
the Great Commission are such matters as the preaching of the gospel, baptism and all things which Jesus has commanded (Matt. 28:19, 20).
Tuesday, July 27
PRACTICAL HOLINESS
Lesson 9
To underscore the importance of a believers consecration to God for service, Paul went into some detail in emphasizing the need for sexual purity
among Christians. Although this is only one aspect of a believers daily walk,
it is a critical one because of the far-reaching, long-lasting effects of sexual
immorality.
Sanctification Is Gods Will (verse 3).
The Greek word for sanctification in this
Sanctification: this common
word means to consecrate or
verse is the same basic term as the one for
to set apart heart and life. It
holiness in 1 Thessalonians 3:13. Of the
implies dedication and holiness.
three aspects of sanctification or holiness
It was used by the apostle to
(see comments on 1 Thessalonians 3:13),
teach the requirement of placthis verse deals with the progressive feature
ing ones life in total submission
to the cause of Christ. Sanctifiof the term. Gods will for believers is for our
cation is a work of grace.
lives to be morally pure. For this to be the
Word Study #38.
case, we must abstain from fornication. The
word fornication refers to any and all manner of sexual sins. It was noted in Lesson 6 that the church in Thessalonica
appeared to have consisted primarily of Gentile believers who had come out
of pagan idolatry. (See comments on 1 Thessalonians 1:6.) A prominent feature of those idolatrous practices was religious prostitution, involving both
male and female prostitutes and homosexual as well as heterosexual activities. The Thessalonian believers needed to understandand people of today
need to realize this alsothat any sexual relations outside of the bounds of
marriage were and are wrong. Gods will is
clear in this matter. Sexual immorality is
wrong.
Self-Control Is Necessary (verse 4).
For one to maintain sexual purity in his life,
self-control is essential. This has always
been true, but it probably is even more so
today in view of the widespread glamorization of sex by the media and the consistent
decline in acceptable sexual standards in
society as a whole. Pauls reference to possessing ones vessel in sanctification and
honor speaks of the need for self-control.
The literal sense of the word vessel refers to a container of some kind. When
used figuratively, this term can refer to ones life in general (Acts 9:15) or
ones body in particular (2 Cor. 4:7). The Greek word for sanctification in this
verse is the same as in verse 3. The term honour, as used in this instance,
refers to a keen sense of right and wrong. Satan knows the area where a
believer is the weakest, and he knows when one is likely to be most vulnerable. To resist temptation, one must exercise self-control. Quite often, the best
form of self-control is to avoid situations and circumstances in which one is
likely to be tempted.
Immorality Is Ungodly (verse 5). This
verse is a negative expression of the immeConcupiscence: this word is a
desiring, a craving and a longing
diately preceding one. In effect, Paul wrote
for what is forbidden. It is a
in this verse that a believer should not
passionate lust.This old word
allow his vessel to succumb to the lust of
entails a negative aspect of the
concupiscence. The word concupiscence
passion and lust. It is used for
does not even sound nice, and its connotathe cravings of the sinful world.
tion is even worse. The Greek term for this
The Gentile world is filled with
word literally means over desire and
this, and a godly person is not
to be filled with it. Word Study
denotes a consuming passion to indulge
#1939.
ones illicit desires to engage in sinful conduct.
It is specified in this verse once again that the Thessalonian believers were
urged by Paul to maintain a higher standard of conduct than that of the
pagans who lived around them. That this is a problem for todays believers is
quite obvious because often little difference can be observed in the conduct of
those who profess to be Christians and those who do not. Unfortunately, sexual promiscuity and a failure to respect marital vows and obligations are all
too common among those who are church members and in some instances
even among people who are leaders in churches.
Immorality Will Be Judged (verse 6). On the surface this verse might
seem to apply to business matters; however, since the overall context is a disPossess: Paul taught us to take a
wife and cherish her.We are to
acquire a wife or a husband
that is we are to possess.The
idea is to possess not in the
sense of ownership without
rights, but instead to gain a
mate with a desire to have
according to the will of God.
We are to acquire our vessel
or life in the same manner in
relation to God. Word Study
#2932.

cussion of sexual morality and immorality, this verse should be interpreted
accordingly. A broader application can certainly be made, but one needs at
least to understand the specific interpretation of this verse. The Greek word
for the phrase go beyond literally means to go over or to exceed. It conveys
the idea of overstepping the bounds of what is right or proper. The Greek
word for defraud essentially means to claim more than what is correct or
appropriate. When someone engages in sexual immorality, he is participating in an activity to which he is not entitled. Moreover, sexual misconduct
hurts everyone who is involved, even those who are indirectly involved and
could be considered innocent victims, such as a spouse or children. The Greek
word for avenger basically means one who exacts justice. Sexual immorality takes a heavy toll on all its victims, the innocent as well as the guilty. Relationships broken because of such misconduct are extremely difficult to restore
because a lack of trust frequently prevails. There is also the matter of venereal diseases, some of which run rampant from one sexual partner to another, and in some instancesas in the case of AIDS, for exampleeven from
one generation to another. Among the horrible realities of sexual immorality
is that either physically or emotionally, or both, there will be a reckoning.
Believers Are Called to
Holiness (verse 7). Pauls referanna
ences to uncleanness and holiCalled to Holiness (1 Thessalonians 4:7):
ness in this verse make it clear
Gods Law has always insisted upon sexuthat the context continues to be
al purity. Ignoring this Law degraded the
people and brought on the Noahic flood. A
that of appropriate sexual consimilar moral decline was a major cause
duct. The term uncleanness defor the destruction of the Canaanite tribes
notes impurity, and holiness is
by the children of Israel. God must be as
from the same Greek word as is
unhappy with the people of today. Sexual
promiscuity and vices are portrayed as
sanctification in verse 3. The
entertainment and even as wholesome
divine call of which Paul wrote
activities, but Christians are not to particiin this verse is issued through
pate in the sins of the unbelieving world.
the inspired Word of God. Today,
God has called them to holiness and purity. It is a sad commentary on Christianity
God does not speak audibly to
that according to some surveys divorce is
His children, but He does expect
more often experienced in Christians than
each of us to obey the teachings
in non-Christians. Churches must insist
that its members live according to Gods
set forth in the Scriptures
laws.
regarding sexual morality and
immorality. Acceptable behavioral standards might change from time to time and from place to place,
but Gods Word does not. The unmistakably clear principle regarding sexual
conduct is this. There is to be no sexual activity except between people who
are currently married to each other. If this simple formula were followed,
there would be a sweeping changefor the better, let it be acknowledgedin
any culture or society.
Moral Principles Are Divine (verse 8). The Greek word for despiseth
essentially means to set aside or to reject. In some instances this term is
translated as reject (Mark 7:9; John 12:48). Anyone who refuses to heed the
call of God to pursue a sexually chaste life does not reject some human teaching but the teaching of God Himself. Those who insist that the divine standards in this matter should be followed are often ridiculed and sometimes
even maligned, but that does not alter the fact that moral principles are of
God. To provide added emphasis to this thought, God led Paul to mention also
that believers have been given the Holy Spirit. As used in this context, this is
a reminder that each believers body is a temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor.
6:15-20), and because of that, our lives should be morally pure, especially in
regard to sexual matters. For a Christian to engage in sexual immortality is
to defile the dwelling place of the Spirit of God.
Wednesday, July 28
Lesson 9
BROTHERLY LOVE
The family of God in general and each individual church in particular consists of believers from many different backgrounds and walks of life. Consequently, there is the potential for conflicts among believers. Brotherly love
helps keep such problems to a minimum. Love also among Christians is the
most convincing validation of our profession as followers of Christ (John
13:34, 35).
Taught by God (verse 9). The wording of this verse denotes a shift in subject matter. After having addressed the touchy issue of sexual purity, Paul
next dealt with interpersonal relationships. The Greek word for brotherly love
is philadelphia. In classical Greek, this term refers to love between those who
are related by birth, while in the New Testament it speaks of love between
brothers and sisters in Christ. Although Paul noted that he did not need to
write to the Thessalonian saints about this matter, the fact that he did so suggests that some problems regarding it had begun to develop, and he wanted
to keep the situation from worsening. Brotherly love should be a natural
development in both physical and spiritual relationships. The apostle
reminded his readers that they had been taught by God Himself about brotherly love. Jesus told His disciples that they were to love one another, and similar exhortations were given by Paul and others (1 John 4:20, 21).
Demonstrated Throughout Macedonia (verse 10). Although the Thessalonian saints might have had some deficiencies in regard to brotherly love,
they were mindful of their responsibilities in this matter as far as believers
in other places were concerned. Their love for brothers and sisters in Christ

extended beyond their congregation and included all the saints in Macedonia,
such as those in Philippi and Berea and wherever else in that province there
might have been some Christians. Paul even encouraged the members of the
Thessalonian congregation to increase more and more in the grace of brotherly love. This exhortation echoed the directive which the apostle gave in
verse 1. In the Christian life there is no time when one can say, This is
enough; I do not need to progress any further. On the contrary, God not only
wants us to have spiritual life through faith in Christ, but He wants us to
experience the more abundant life (John 10:10).
Thursday, July 29
Lesson 9
MIND YOUR OWN BUSINESS
These verses introduce another problem that was beginning to creep into
the church in Thessalonica. Apparently, some of the members of that church
were failing to provide for the material and physical needs of themselves and
their families, an issue which Paul would later address more fully.
The Private Side of This
Matter (verse 11). Included in
this verse is yet another examanna
ple of a threefold exhortation
Words of Comfort (1 Thessalonians 4:18):
which Paul gave. Although the
Perhaps I love you are the most comforting
words in the English language. God so
three statements were similar,
loved the world that He gave His Son to
there were some distinctive difdie to save us from the curse of sin but all
ferences.
still must die, but death is not the end. For
Study to be quiet. If taken litthe saved, death is more like a beginning.
Consciousness does not cease at death. The
erally, this statement describes
conscious spirit of the dead in Christ is
a paradox. The Greek word for
with the Lord. One day, the body will be
study suggests the idea of seekraised up from the dead. Spirit and body
ing diligently for something,
will be reunited to live forever in Heaven
while quiet speaks of tranquility.
When the Lord returns, the saved will
hear a shout, with the voice of the
A peaceful demeanor sometimes
archangel. They will hear the trump of
requires effort.
God. It is not said, but surely we will hear
Do your own business. Anoththe rejoicing of millions of the saved . The
er way to express this thought
resurrection will be a time of rejoicing. We
is, Be busy with your own
will see the Lord, the angels, and the hosts
of Heaven.
things. One thing about which
The saved comfort one another with
the Thessalonian saints should
these precious promises, but all who refuse
have been especially concerned
to accept Christ as Savior have no such
was providing for their daily
comforting assurances.
needs. (Compare 1 Timothy 5:8.)
Work with your own hands. The failure of the members of the church in
Thessalonica to do this might have been the root of the difficulty. Honest
labor requires time and effort, and if one so devotes himself, he will have neither the time nor the energy to meddle in other peoples business.
The Public Side of This Matter (verse 12). Two important considerations are set forth in this verse. First is the matter of gaining the respect of
unbelievers. When we do the things which Paul urged in verse 11, we walk
honestly toward them that are without. The expression walk honestly essentially means to conduct oneself in an appropriate, commendable manner.
The phrase them that are without refers to those who do not profess to be
Christians. The last part of this verse emphasizes that those who follow the
threefold exhortation which the apostle gave in verse 11 do not have to
depend upon others for their physical or material needs. Brotherly love
should cause any believer to be responsive to the needs of the poor or unfortunate, and sometimes believers legitimately have such needs; however, we
should make certain that we do not abuse or take advantage of brotherly love.
We should, instead, endeavor to be givers rather than takers.
Friday, July 30
THE CHRISTIANS HOPE
Lesson 9
Once again in this chapter Paul changed the subject, this time to address
the matter of the second coming of Christ. In these verses the apostle emphasized that the return of Jesus for His people is a source of great hope to believers. Nearly two thousand years later this hope is still held by Christians.
Believers Have Hope (verse 13). The word ignorant means unaware,
unknowing. Asleep, as used in this instance, refers to physical death. Evidently, some of the members of the church at Thessalonica wondered whether
or not believers who die before the return of Jesus will share in the Judgment
Seat of Christ, the millennial reign and other matters about which Paul had
evidently taught them in regard to the coming of Jesus. Because many of the
Thessalonian saints were Gentiles who had come out of paganism, they probably did not have as much understanding of the resurrection as did most of
the Jews. (Compare John 11:23, 24.) Thus, it appeared as if there were much
uncertainty and probably a lot of wild speculation concerning the status of
deceased believers in relation to the second coming. Paul sought to ease their
doubts and calm their anxieties with the assuring words of this verse. Note
that the apostle did not tell the Thessalonians that they were not to grieve at
all, but they were not to grieve as those who have no hope. (Compare 1
Corinthians 15:19, 20.)
The Reality of That Hope (verse 14). The hope to which Paul referred in
verse 13 is founded on three absolute, unchangeable facts. First, this hope is

available only to believers; those who die without having trusted Jesus as
Savior cannot share in this hope. Second, this hope is possible because of the
death and resurrection of Jesus; His victory over death and the grave assures
us of a similar victory. Third, Jesus will come again, and when He does, He
will bring with Him the spirits of all deceased saints so those spirits can be
reunited with the glorified bodies which are raised from the graves. What
reassuring words these must have been to the Thessalonian believers. They
had wondered about the status of deceased saints in regard to the return of
Jesus. Paul told them that Jesus would bring with Him all those who have
fallen asleep in Him, that is, all those who have died after having trusted
Jesus as Savior. All believers, whether living or dead, are in Jesus. Thus, the
hope of sharing in His glory is a valid hope whether one lives or dies.
Saturday, July 31
THE COMING OF THE LORD
Lesson 9
This passage is probably the most complete account of the rapture of the
saints. Other Scriptures give more information about the resurrection of
believers and other aspects of the second coming, but in no other place is the
rapture described as fully. Pauls purpose is
to provide comfort for grieving saints.
Prevent: in English prevent means
Saints Alive and Saints Asleep (verse
to stop. In this verse it
15). What Paul related concerning this
means to precede or to come
before. The living will not prematter was not based on any Old Testament
cede the dead in the resurrecScriptures, nor on any of the words of Jesus
tion.The living will not stop
or on any teachings of any of the other aposthem, but the dead in Christ
tles, but on a direct revelation from the
will go before the living in the
Lord. How that communication was
order of the resurrection.This
gives hope to the dead and the
received is not known, but Paul did receive
living that God has an order
it, and he was faithful in passing it on. Note
ready for His saints. Word
that when Jesus returns, regardless of
Study #5348.
when it occurs, there will be two groups of
believersthose who are living (we which
are alive and remain) and those who have died (them which are asleep).
The word prevent, as used in this instance, means to precede or go before.
This term came into the English language from Latin. Pre is a pronoun meaning before, and venire is a verb which means to come or go. Paul emphatically assured the members of the church in Thessalonica that their loved
ones who had died as believers would be included in all that shall occur when
Jesus returns even though they would no longer be alive.
The Descent of the Lord (verse 16). In this verse we are told how the
rapture begins. That wonderful event will be triggered by the descent of Jesus

from Heaven. Paul used the expression the Lord himself to underscore that it
will be the Lord who comes from Heaven, not an angel, nor any of the Old Testament patriarchs or prophets. Jesus descent will be accompanied by a shout
and the sound of a trumpet. Because the phrase the voice of the archangel is
specifically included, it seems likely that the voice which shall be heard on that
occasion will be the archangels, and probably, the sounding of his voice will be
the summons for the deceased saints to rise from their graves. The trumpet
mentioned in this verse could be the last trump of 1 Corinthians 15:52. The
sounding of the trumpet will be the signal for all the saints, whether resurrected or glorified while still alive, to rise up to meet the Lord. Such a departure of a large mass of people was prefigured by the second, or last, trumpet
blast during the time of Israels wilderness wanderings (Num. 10:1-6).
The Rapture of the Saints (verse 17). Although the word rapture does not
appear in the Bible, the teaching of the rapture does. The expression caught up
Rapture: this word does not
describes the rapture. The Greek word for
appear in the New Testament.
It is a word used often to
caught up denotes a sudden, even forcible
describe the resurrection. It is
seizing. There are three aspects to the rapa Latin term that means catchture.
ing away. It is used as a synThe resurrection of deceased saints. This is
onym for the second coming. It
is important to know the
mentioned in the closing part of verse 16.
meaning and the differences in
When those saints are brought from their
these events.
graves, they will be given glorified bodies (1
Cor. 15:42, 43, 49).
The translation of living saints. Paul describes this more specifically in 1
Corinthians 15:51, 52 where he wrote, We [that is, the living saints] shall all
be changed. The Greek word for be changed essentially means to be
altered. A negative example of this usage is found in Romans 1:23.
The catching away of all the saints. With the resurrected saints and living
saints all having been given glorified bodies, they will be caught up together
to meet the Lord in the air. This is the rapture.
Two additional matters should be noted.
First,
Jesus does not come to earth when He
Caught Up: those who remain
shall be seized, carried off by
receives the saints. Instead, all believers,
force, snatched away or
living and dead, go up into the clouds and
claimed eagerly.This is the joy
meet the Lord there. Second, the fact that
of the resurrection.This term
believers will ever be with the Lord does
anticipates with eagerness the
events of the resurrection.The
not mean that they will always be in the air
saved will be seized by the
with Him, but that wherever He happens to
force of the truth and power
bewhether in the air at the Judgment
of God to be changed and
Seat of Christ, on earth for the millennial
taken to be with God forever.
reign or whereverbelievers will be with
Amen. Word Study #726.
the Lord.

Words of Comfort (verse 18). Although the apostle Paul did not include
everything that will be involved in the return of Jesus for His saints, he did
give enough information to provide comfort for believers regarding the status
of their departed loved ones. His exhortation to comfort one another with
these words has certainly been followed by Christians through the centuries.
The passage which this verse concludes (verses 13-18) has been quoted, read,
or at least mentioned, in countless funeral services. Perhaps the greatest
comfort in this passage is the assurance given in two matters. (See verse 17.)
First, believers of all times and circumstances will be included in the rapture.
Moreover, once we have all been gathered to Jesus, we will be with Him
always.
Lesson 9
RAPTURE OF THE SAVED
Conclusion
The coming of Jesus for believers is the next event on the prophetic calendar. That was true in Pauls time and it is still the case today. Thus, that
phase of the second coming of Christ has been regarded by Christians as
imminent, which means that nothing has to happen before it can occur.
Because of this, believers of each generation have looked for Jesus to return,
and we are to continue to be watchful today. That He will one day receive all
the saints is indeed a comforting assurance.
Lesson 10
Responsibilities of the Church
The coming of Jesus for believers is a definite reality despite the uncertainty of when it shall occur. Christians are not to remain idle, however, waiting for Jesus to return for them. There are definite responsibilities which need
to be fulfilled as we anticipate the second coming. Above all, believers should
be at peace among themselves. We often will not find peace in the world, but
our relationships with each other should be harmonious and edifying because
we are sustained by divine grace.
Monday, August 2
Lesson 10
THE UNEXPECTEDNESS OF
CHRISTS COMING
Although the return of Jesus is certain, the time of His coming is not known
by anyone except the Father (Mark 13:32); however, the second coming should
not come as a surprise to believers. Since we know He is coming at any time,
we should always be watchful as we await His return.
The Times and Seasons (verse 1). From the comforting words which concluded chapter 4, the apostle Paul shifted his emphasis and expanded his
thoughts regarding the second coming from the rapture to a broader view of
the end time. The expression the times and the seasons appears in only two
places in the New Testamenthere and in Acts 1:7. The word times is more
inclusive, while seasons speaks of specific episodes or periods within the scope
of time. With regard to prophecy, times could be said to refer to the end time
as a whole, while seasons would denote phenomena such as the rapture of the
saints, the Judgment Seat of Christ and the millennial reign. Evidently, Paul
had taught the Thessalonian saints regarding prophetic events, at least sufficiently so that he felt as if he did not need to give them any additional teachings. However, he did reiterate to them some things which he had already
taught in subsequent verses.
Like a Thief in the Night (verse 2). The phrase the day of the Lord
appears several times in both the Old and New Testaments. In its broadest
sense, it speaks of the time embraced by the two phases of the second coming
102
Responsibilities of the Church / 103
of Christ. Quite often the day of

the Lord refers to the judgment
anna
which God shall inflict upon the
Day of the Lord (1 Thessalonians 5:2):
wicked during the end time,
There are a multitude of opinions as to
particularly during the Great
when the Lord will return but one thing
Tribulation, or the last half of
we know for certainHe will return. The
the Tribulation Period. It seems
Scriptures indicate that the return will be
from the context of this verse
at a time when the world in general does
not expect Himas a thief in the night.
that Pauls purpose in referring
Jesus Himself used such to describe His
to the day of the Lord was to
coming. In such an hour as ye think not
assure the Thessalonian saints
the Son of man cometh (Matt. 24:44). The
that they would not be affected
saved are to live each day prepared for the
by the terrible events associated
Lords return. There will be no heavenly
with that time. The reason for
announcement of the day nor the hour not
that, of course, is because beeven the year of the Lords return. Watch
lievers will be gathered to
therefore: for ye know not what hour your
Lord doth come (Matt. 24:42).
Christ in the rapture. The
expression as a thief in the night
underscores the fact that the
world in general will not be expecting the
Sudden, Destruction: these
calamities that shall occur.
two words form a combinaSudden Destruction (verse 3). In this
tion of trembling terms.The
verse Paul followed his metaphor of the
sudden or the unexpected can
thief with yet another onethe woman in
happen at any time without
any warning. It implies a lack of
childbirthwhich emphasizes the sudden
expectation. Destruction is
destruction that shall be so characteristic of
that of ruin or death. It is used
the day of the Lord. The pronoun they refers
to speak of the destruction of
to unbelievers, or the Christ-rejecting world.
lust. Sudden or unexpected
False assurances of peace and safety will be
ruin comes at the least
expected moment. Word
common during the early part of the TribuStudies #160 and #3639.
lation Period, especially as the anti-Christ
consolidates his power. The promised security will not be realized, however, as illustrated by Pauls allusion to a woman
suffering labor pains. Although a pregnant woman certainly knows she will
have a child, she does not know the exact time of her babys birth. When the
moment of birth does occur, the event happens relatively quickly, usually
accompanied by excruciating pain. Similarly, the ordeals of the day of the
Lord will be sudden and catastrophic.
Tuesday, August 3
PEOPLE OF THE LIGHT AND DARKNESS
Lesson 10
Once again the apostle used figures of speech to illustrate his teaching.
Two contrasting metaphors are used in this passage. The children of the light

denote believers, while the people of darkness describe unsaved people. As
children of the light, believers are to await vigilantly Christs coming.
Not in Darkness (verse 4). As used in this metaphor, darkness is associated with sin and death. Believers, however, have been delivered from darkness and are light in the Lord (Eph. 5:8). The term that day refers to the day
of the Lord. The Greek word for overtake is a strong term, essentially meaning
to take thoroughly. The same word is rendered in John 1:5 as comprehend,
meaning to overcome or to overpower. The day of the Lord will not overtake
believers because they will have been already taken away in the rapture.
Because Christians have been delivered from darkness and are assured thereby of being delivered from the sufferings and afflictions of the day of the Lord,
our lives should reflect the glorious transformation that we have experienced.
Children of the Light (verse 5). Paul reiterated that believers are children of the light and not children of the night. As Christians, our minds have
been enlightened by the light of the gospel, and our hearts have been illuminated through our faith in Jesus, the Light of the world, as Savior. Thus, we
have been delivered from the kingdom of darkness, the realm of sin and death
and have been born into the kingdom of light, the realm of joy and life. The
Greek word for children in this verse is huios, which is generally translated
as son and essentially means heir. This term is also used to designate Jesus
as the Son of God. Children of the light have a different nature than do the
children of the darkness, and they also have a different destiny. Children of
the light should also have a different outlook on life, and their conduct should
reflect that difference.
Watchful Vigilance (verse 6). The word therefore indicates that the
exhortation of this verse is based on the fact that believers are children of the
light. Pauls warning against sleeping and
Sober: this word has nothing to
his admonition regarding watchfulness and
do with being drunk. It has
sobriety suggests the metaphor of a sentry
everything to do with being
or guard who is on duty. The term sleep, as
under self-control.We are to
used in this instance, does not refer to physbe calm and collected in spirit.
We are to be dispassionate.
ical death as was the case previously (1
Throughout the writings of
Thess. 4:13-15). Instead, it denotes a failure
Paul, passion prevails but in this
to be watchful or alert. A guard who falls
passage we are to be under
asleep while on duty is unaware of what is
control without passion.We
are to be sober. Word Study
happening around him. The Greek word for
#3525.
watch underscores the need for alertness
and awareness. The expression be sober
involves more than guarding against becoming intoxicated, although this is
certainly important. This exhortation regarding sobriety speaks of the ability to engage in clear thinking and exercise sound judgment.
Asleep and Drunk (verse 7). This verse describes the manner in which
unsaved people conduct themselves. The word sleep suggests careless indif-

ference to all that is happening in spiritual and moral matters, and drunken
speaks of irresponsible behavior, revelry and sensual indulgence. Note that
the problem with such conduct goes deeper than the actions themselves. The
problem is the unregenerated heart of unbelievers. They are children of the
night, and their lives reflect that state of being. Of course, some unsaved people are more deeply entrenched in sinful conduct than are others; however, for
even the most moral, upstanding unbeliever, the expectation of the coming of
Jesus means nothing. In fact, unsaved people generally want to concentrate
solely on the earthly life. Their eternal destiny is not something which they
want to consider.
Awake and Sober (verse 8). The state of believers is in marked contrast
to unbelievers who are generally ignorant of spiritual and moral realities.
Those who are of the day are awake and sober. In addition to the exhortation which Paul gave in verse 6, he reminds his readers in this verse to avail
themselves of the spiritual defenses which are given to believers. Probably
the fullest and best known description of the Christians armor is in Ephesians 6:13-18. Although that account differs slightly from this one, the essential point is the same. This verse also includes another example of Pauls frequent use of triads in his epistles, as seen in his reference to faith, love (charity) and hope, the three abiding spiritual gifts (1 Cor. 13:13). Because of the
vital organs which they protected, the breastplate and the helmet were the
most critical items in the ancient soldiers armor.
Wednesday, August 4
APPOINTED TO SALVATION
Lesson 10
Gods desire is for everyone to be saved (2 Peter 3:9); however, for this
desire to become a reality for any individual, he must trust Jesus as Savior.
Once one is saved, he is destined to receive all that God has purposed for
believers to experience and to enjoy through Christ.
Not Appointed to Wrath (verse 9). The
word for connects this verse with the preWrath: this word does not fit
well into a post-modern mindceding one. The salvation which Paul menset. It means anger, temper, a
tioned in verse 8 not only sustains believers
violent emotion and indignaas they vigilantly await the return of Jesus,
tion. It carries the idea of
but it also assures them of deliverance from
punishment and retribution.
the eternal destruction which would await
We are not appointed to these
things.This is not the word for
them if they had not trusted Jesus as Savior.
tribulation as it is often interThe Greek verb from which appointed is
preted.Wrath is the anger of
translated essentially means to put or to
God toward sin. Word Study
place. Those who are of the day (verse 8)
#3709.
are not put under wrath. The word wrath

refers to the divine judgment which shall be inflicted upon the unsaved and
from which believers are delivered by Jesus (1 Thess. 1:10). The term obtain
speaks of a completed transaction. The salvation which we have through
Jesus is sure, certain and definite we will not enjoy the final realization of it
until He returns for us.
Living with Christ (verse 10). This verse emphasizes that believers are
assured of being with Jesus forever. The phrase who died for us refers to the
crucifixion of Jesus. The Greek word for wake is the same as for watch in
verse 6; however, as used in verse 10, the term has a somewhat broader connotation because it is contrasted with the word sleep, which speaks of physical death (1 Thess. 4:14, 15). Thus, once again Paul assured the Thessalonian
saints that whether or not they were still alive at the coming of Christ, they
would all be together with Him. This promise is only for the saved, those who
are of the day. Those who are of the night are still spiritually dead, or
asleep, in trespasses and sins (Eph. 2:1). Because they are not in Christ, the
unsaved, whether awake or asleep, will not be included in the gathering of
the saints when He returns.
Encouragement and Edification (verse 11). The Greek word for comfort speaks of providing encouragement, guidance and strength. (See comments on 1 Thessalonians 2:11, Lesson 7.) The term for edify essentially
means to build up. The wonderful truths concerning the return of Jesus and
the rapture of the saints are intended by God to encourage and strengthen
believers as they face the challenges of living in a society that
anna
is characterized by spiritual and
Know Them (1 Thessalonians 5:12, 13):
moral darkness. The members of
Churches are advised to know those they
the church in Thessalonica were
elect to teach. Are such able to do the
already giving such positive supassigned job? Are they sound in the faith?
port to one another, but Paul felt
Churches sometimes err in these areas
it necessary to urge them to conwith disastrous results. The salvation and
tinue to do so. Such counsel is
service of the students may be influenced
by erroneous teachers with eternal results.
also appropriate today. In our
A church should be especially careful
daily lives, there are so many
to know the man called to be the
demands and distractions that
pastor.Esteem them very highly in love
we are likely to have our
for their works sake (verse 13). These are
thoughts diverted from the commen of God doing the work of God. They
deserve the prayerful attention of the peoing of Jesus and our efforts
ple they serve. They are shepherds under
diminished in building up one
God. They are not to be followed blindly.
another in the Lord.
Paul advised, Be ye followers of me,
Know Your Leaders (verse
even as I also am of Christ (1 Cor. 11:1).
12). On the surface it might
Finally, Be at peace among yourselves (verse 13). A quarreling church is
seem as if verses 12 and 13 are
not likely to win the lost.
out of context; however, it appears that Paul wanted to re-

mind his readers that God uses ministers and other spiritual leaders to promote encouragement and edification among believers. The verb know, as used
here, essentially means acknowledge. Christians should recognize that
their spiritual leaders are people whom God uses to assist in the accomplishment of His purposes. Three responsibilities of spiritual leaders are mentioned in this verse.
Labor. This word speaks of effort that is exerted. Spiritual leaders preach,
teach, visit and engage in other activities which require exertion and can
become wearisome emotionally and even physically.
Superintendence. The term over refers to exercising authority over others.
The Greek word is usually translated as rule (1 Tim. 5:17). Pastors have a
special responsibility in this matter.
Admonish. The Greek word for this term essentially means to warn. The
warning to which Paul refers is that which is especially given in regard to
spiritual matters (Acts 20:31; 1 Cor. 4:14; Col. 1:28).
Esteem Your Leaders (verse 13). Because of the awesome responsibilities which
Esteem: to hold one in esteem
and to think of him in the
fall upon spiritual leaders, believers are to
manner one would consider a
give them appropriate respect. Even if the
ruler or high official.The idea
individual does not always deserve such
is clear that this word means
esteem, the position is to be so regarded.
more than a passing thought
Note that Paul told the Thessalonian saints
toward someone.There is a
regard beyond the norm.
that their leaders were to be esteemed very
When we hold an official in
highly. Even more noteworthy is that those
esteem, it is out of an underleaders were to be respected and appreciatstanding of the office as much
ed in love because of the countless hours
as for the person.This is the
thought of the word esteem.
and untold efforts expended by faithful pasWord
Study #2233.
tors and other leaders. A proper recognition
of spiritual leaders would greatly help
toward realization of the apostles admonition to be at peace among yourselves.
Thursday, August 5
PRACTICAL EXHORTATIONS
Lesson 10
Previously in this epistle Paul had charged the Thessalonian saints to

walk worthy of God (1 Thess. 2:12). In this passage the apostle gives some
practical exhortations which will help believers to live such a life. A wide spectrum of Christian conduct and activities is included in these verses.
Help Those in Need (verse 14). The Greek word for exhort conveys the
idea of providing assistance. Pauls helpful exhortation was for the members

of the church in Thessalonica to be helpful
to one another.
Warn the unruly. The word warn is from
the same Greek term as admonish in verse
12. Unruly literally means disorderly.
This term was used to describe soldiers who
broke formation and were out of order.
Comfort the feebleminded. The Greek
verb for comfort essentially means treat
gently. The word feebleminded denotes
those who are timid or faint of heart. The
lack of courage rather than a deficiency in
intellect is the issue here.
Support the weak. The Greek term for support basically means uphold,
and the word for weak literally means without strength. The weakness
could be a lack of knowledge or a susceptibility to temptation.
Be patient with everyone. Patient is from a Greek verb which means to be
forbearing or longsuffering. The phrase all men includes everyone, whether
fellow-believers or unbelievers.
Seek Good for Everyone (verse 15). This verse is a Pauline version of the
Golden Rule which encourages good treatment of everyone. (Compare
Matthew 7:12.) To render evil for evil is to engage in retaliation, a practice
which is all too common among unbelievers; however, Christians should
return good for evil. Retaliation is a sign of weakness or cruelty, neither of
which should characterize believers. Not only are we to be strong in Christ,
but we should be kind in Him also. The Greek word for follow is an intense
verb. It is generally translated as persecute. Believers are to pursue opportunities to do good as intensely and relentlessly as Saul had persecuted the
church (Acts 22:4). The beneficiaries of our efforts to do good should include
unbelievers as well as fellow-believers.
Always Rejoice (verse 16). In 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18 Paul lists three
things that are to be done frequently and regularly, if not constantly. The first
of these has to do with joy. It may seem inconsistent to expect believers to
rejoice always because Christians have often been subjected to persecution
and even martyrdom; however, Christian joy is based upon ones condition,
not his circumstances. The term evermore literally means at all times.
Because of all that we have in Jesus Christ, both now and eternally, we can
rejoice despite our situation or circumstances.
Always Pray (verse 17). The Greek term for without ceasing literally
means unintermittingly. The word intermittent means stopping and starting again at intervals. On weather forecasts one sometimes hears references
to intermittent rain. It is impossible, of course, for anyone to engage in prayer
constantly during all of his waking hours; however, by the exhortation pray
Unruly: this is a military term
used of one who walks out of
step. It means disorderly or
deviating from a prescribed
rule of order. In an assembly,
it would mean one who is out
of step with the belief and
practice of the truth. Doctrinal
unsoundness as well as walking
in a manner to harm the
gospel cannot be tolerated.We
must love enough to admonish
the unruly. Word Study #813
without ceasing the apostle

wanted to make certain his
anna
readers will never give up on
In Every Thing Give Thanks (1 Thessaloprayer or forsake the practice of
nians 5:18): Too often this is interpreted,
praying. Regular times for
For everything give thanks. This admonition is not to thank God for the evil
prayer will help believers to
things that happen but there are no cirpray unintermittingly.
cumstances in which a Christian cannot be
Always Give Thanks (verse
thankful that God is present. He is con18). It is one thing to be thankcerned for His child. In His wisdom, He
ful for some things, but it is
may, or He may not, remove the troublesome circumstances.
something altogether different
Paul suffered a thorn in the flesh (2
to be thankful for everything. To
Cor. 12:7). Three times he asked God to
be able to give thanks in every
remove it. God answered, My grace is
thing, one must realize that
sufficient for thee: for my strength is made
everything that happens is
perfect in weakness (2 Cor. 12:9). It was
within the permissive will of
wrong for Josephs jealous brothers to sell
him into slavery. He suffered in his slavery,
God. Although everything that
but God did not forsake him. Todays sufoccurs is not necessarily within
fering Christians may not escape suffering,
Gods objective will, nothing can
but God never forsakes them.
happen unless He allows it to
occur. Because the true God is
omniscient and omnipotent, He can take all thingseven what might seem to
be complete disastersand bring good out of them. (Compare Romans 8:28.)
With this realization, one can be thankful at all times and under all circumstances. Such gratitude is a true reflection of ones faith in the goodness and
grace of a loving, merciful Father.
Quench Not the Spirit (verse 19). Fire
Quench: do not suppress or
is one of the symbols of the Holy Spirit
extinguish something. Speaking
(Matt. 3:11; Acts 2:3, 4). Fire is also a source
mainly of fire, this word means
of light and heat, attributes which vividly
not to let it go out. When
depict some of the functions of the Holy
used in the sense of the Spirit
of God, we are not to suppress
Spirit. A fire is quenched when it is deprived
or stifle the divine influence.
of its fuel. To quench the Holy Spirit is to
Quench means do not elimirefuse to allow Him to work in ones life. As
nate or put out the spirits
fire provides light and illumination, so does
work in your life. Word Study
#4570.
the Holy Spirit give guidance and understanding as one studies the Scriptures and
seeks to do Gods will; however, it is one thing to know something and another thing to act upon such knowledge. The Holy Spirit also provides warmth,
such as that which is felt in brotherly love; however, when fellowship among
brethren is disrupted, that function of the Holy Spirit is quenched.
Appreciate Prophesying (verse 20). In essence, the word prophesy
means to declare the will of God. A prophet is someone who speaks for or on

behalf of God. Sometimes prophets foretell the future, but that is only one
aspect of their ministry. In the time of the early churches, the gift of prophecy was given so believers could know the will of God on some matter. Those
who conveyed such information were prophets. (Compare Acts 13:1; Ephesians 4:11.) The Greek word for despise means to regard as meaningless or
insignificant. Even though the spiritual gift of prophecy is no longer given,
there is no lack of authority when the Word of God is truly preached or
taught.
Prove All Things (verse 21). This precept, which is a natural follow-up
to the exhortation in verse 20, is designed to caution believers against two
extremes. One is to accept without any examination or evaluation what someone teaches or preaches. The other extreme is to refuse to accept and obey
that which is in harmony with the teachings of the Word of God. In both of
these positions, sound reason should prevail over personal feelings, emotions
and preferences. Truth does not change, nor does it ever need to be changed.
Moreover, truth will always endure.
Shun Every Kind of Evil (verse 22). The Greek word for abstain primarily means to hold off from. The term for appearance is from a root which
is associated with sight or seeing. Thus, appearance, as used in this instance,
denotes form or shape. The Greek word for evil speaks of that which is bad,
harmful and unserviceable. Christians should abstain, that is keep away
from, or hold themselves aloof from any kind or form of sinful act or practice.
Moreover, believers should try to avoid situations and circumstances in which
they will be readily associated with sinful acts or practices. It is important for
a Christian to have a public testimony that is above reproach and also clean
personal life.
Friday, August 6
GOD IS FAITHFUL
Lesson 10
These verses mark the beginning of Pauls conclusion to his first epistle to
the church in Thessalonica. In this passage the apostle reiterated the fact
that God is faithful, and in so doing he implied that the members of that
church should be faithful also in all that God expected of them.
Sanctified and Blameless (verse 23). This verse is a brief prayer, directed to the God of peace, regarding the complete sanctification of believers. In
salvation there is peace between God and those who trust Jesus as Savior.
There is also the basis for peace among believers in their relationships with
one another. The Greek term for sanctify literally means to set apart. The
words holy and saint are from the same root. In its fullest sense, the scope of
sanctification includes all that is involved in ones salvation. Ones spirit
becomes sanctified the moment he is saved. The sanctification of the spirit is

a process that extends throughout ones Christian life on earth. Sanctification
is fully and finally realized when the body is glorified at the resurrection or
the rapture. Although the sanctification of the spirit and body are matters
which believers experience through the work of God, the sanctification of the
spirit involves, to some degree at least, the conduct and actions of believers.
Therefore, Christians should heed this prayer by Paul and seek the help of
God in our daily lives so we will indeed be blameless when we appear before
the Judgment Seat of Christ.
God Is Faithful (verse 24). The fidelity of God in fulfilling His purposes
should encourage believers to be faithful to Him and His will. God will complete in each believer the work of salvation which begins with the experience
of the new birth. Such fidelity should serve as an example and an encouragement to all Christians. We do not have to face our tasks alone. There are fellow-believers who will pray for us and otherwise assist us, and even more
important is that God will guide us in the paths which He wants us to travel
and strengthen us for what He wants us to do.
Saturday, August 7
CLOSING ADMONITIONS
Lesson 10
In his final admonitions in this epistle, Paul emphasized that believers are
to regard themselves as brothers and sisters in Christ, and that such a relationship should be characterized by affection and respect for one another.
Above all, the apostle commended his readers to the grace of God.
A Request for Prayer (verse 25). During the time which Paul had been
associated with the saints in Thessalonica, he had undoubtedly prayed for
them on many occasions. Here he asked for the members of that church to
pray for him and his associates, Silas and Timothy. To pray for one another is
both a solemn duty and a distinctive privilege. There are many examples in
the Scriptures of intercessory prayer. Among the most touching examples of
such prayer are Moses prayer on behalf of the Israelites following the debacle involving the golden calf (Ex. 32:30-32) and Samuels promise to continue
to pray for the people of Israel even though they had rejected his judgeship
over them (1 Sam. 12:23, 24).
A Holy Kiss (verse 26). In Bible timesand still today in some countriesthe kiss was a common expression of greeting, even among members of
the same sex. Because of the special relationship that existed among believers, that form of salutation became known in the early churches as a holy
kiss (Rom. 16:16; 1 Cor. 16:20; 2 Cor. 13:12; compare 1 Peter 5:14). In modern western society public kissing is generally regarded as inappropriate.
Thus, most westerners are not comfortable in greeting others with a kiss;
however, even though customs change from time to time and from place to

place, there is still a need for brotherly love and mutual respect among believers. A firm handshake is nearly always appropriate and appreciated as a sign
of affection and esteem for brothers and sisters in the Lord.
A Solemn Charge (verse 27). This epistle was likely the earliest of Pauls
letters and certainly one of the first of the books of the New Testament.
Although the epistle would have been delivered to the leaders of the church
in Thessalonica, Paul wanted them to understand clearly that all the members of that congregation were to be apprised of its contents. The urgency
which Paul attached to his exhortation can be seen in the Greek word for
charge, which literally means adjure (Matt. 26:63). Thus, Paul called upon
the leaders of the Thessalonian church to promise solemnly that they would
read to the entire congregation the epistle they had received. That the apostle designated those believers as holy brethren indicates that they were all
to regard one another as equals before the Lord.
Divine Grace (verse 28). Among the closing remarks in practically all of
Pauls epistles is a reference to divine grace. Many Bible scholars believe that
while Paul dictated most of his epistles, he usually wrote something in his
own handwriting in each letter to verify that the epistle was from him. Galatians might be an exception to this because it appears that the entire epistle
might have been written by the apostle himself. It is certainly possible that
verse 28, the final words of 1 Thessalonians, were penned by Paul. Believers
are recipients of divine grace in many respects. We are saved by grace (Eph.
2:8); we are to serve by grace (1 Cor. 3:10); we are to grow in grace (2 Peter
3:18). Moreover, we live in a dispensation that is especially characterized by
grace (John 1:17).
Lesson 10
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CHURCH
Conclusion
The admonitions which Paul set forth in this chapter were given to help the
members of the church in Thessalonica to stay on track as they awaited the
return of Christ. Believers of all times, places and circumstances can benefit
from the exhortations which the apostle proclaimed. We must work as we
wait, and we must work harmoniously with one another. The children of the
light should not live as if they are children of the night. The faithfulness of
God should encourage Christian fidelity.
Lesson 11
The Day of Vengeance
Evidently, Pauls first epistle to the church in Thessalonica caused some

misunderstandings for those believers. The primary purpose for 2 Thessalonians appears to have been to correct any misconceptions the Thessalonian
saints might have formed from the first letter. Among the most serious misunderstandings for the Thessalonian believers was their failure to distinguish
between the two phases that shall characterize the second coming of Christ.
Previously, the apostle explained the rapture of the saints (1 Thess. 4:13-18);
here he discusses the time of divine vengeance upon the unsaved.
Monday, August 9
Lesson 11
THE APOSTLES GREETING
The manner in which Paul saluted the church in 2 Thessalonians was

essentially the same as he had done previously. Since this second epistle followed so quickly the first one, the men whom the apostle included in the greeting remained as before, and the form of salutation was basically unchanged.
The Missionary Team (verse 1). On Pauls first missionary trip, he and
Barnabas were accompanied by a young, inexperienced man named John
Mark (Acts 12:2513:5); however, John Mark soon left Paul and Barnabas
and returned home (Acts 13:13). On Pauls second missionary campaign, he
was joined by Silas at the outset (Acts 15:40) and later by Timothy (Acts 16:13). Despite all the hardships and persecutions to which Paul and his companions had been subjected on that second missionary journey, they remained
together. Paul and Silas were older, experienced men who had been tested
many times prior to their joint mission endeavor. Timothy was younger and
much less experienced; however, he had withstood the tests and ordeals and
was still with Paul. Timothy would be associated with Paul in the future on
many occasions, but nothing more is known of Silas following his participation in Pauls second missionary journey, except possibly for the reference in 1
Peter 5:12.
113

The Epistles Recipients (verse 1). This epistle, like the one which preceded it, was directed to the church of the Thessalonians. From that phrase
it can be concluded that the recipients of the Thessalonian epistles were a
specific company or group in that city. At least three things distinguished
those people from the rest of the Thessalonicans. First, each of them had
trusted Jesus as Savior. Some were Jews who had embraced the Messiah who
was typified in the rituals and symbols of the Law of Moses. Others were
Gentiles who had turned from the false gods of paganism to the true and living God. Moreover, each of them had been baptized. This is not specifically
mentioned in the Scriptures, but because Paul and Silas made it a point to
baptize the Philippian jailer and his family despite the adverse circumstances
of that situation (Acts 16:23-34), one can safely conclude that Paul and his
associates baptized the believers in Thessalonica as well. Finally, the members of the church in Thessalonica had been called by God into a church relationship. Those believers were familiar with political assemblies and assemblies of craftsmen, but the fact that they began an entirely new kind of assembly (a church or ekklesia) suggests a divine role.
The Apostles Greeting
(verse 2). As he had done previanna
ously, Paul linked grace with
Grace and Peace (2 Thessalonians 1:2):
peace and God the Father with
Grace is the Greek, and peace is the Hebrew
Jesus Christ in this epistle. The
form of greeting. It may be that Paul
terms grace and peace concisely
employed both terms to indicate that both
summarize all that believers
Greeks (Gentiles) and Jews are one in
enjoy through God. Grace is the
Christ. Paul used this salutation in all his
cause or source, and peace is the
epistles. In those to Timothy and Titus, he
added mercy.
effect or outcome. All the divine
Grace is beauty and charm. Peace means
dealings with mankind are based
freedom from war and conflict, or quieton grace. No one has ever
ness. With these meanings in mind, it is
deserved what he has received
easy to understand why Paul used the two
from God. When anyone comes
words. It was his desire that the beauty
into a right relationship with
and charm of Christ might enshroud the
God, peace is certain to prevail.
addressees, and that they might enjoy
these in a quiet and peaceful environment.
First and foremost, there is
Such would enable them to more effectivepeace between God and the
ly serve the Lord.
believer. Beyond that, there is
the basis for peace between the
believer and his other associates, especially fellow-believers.
Tuesday, August 10
THE APOSTLES THANKSGIVING
Lesson 11
Later, in this epistle the apostle Paul would have some corrections and
even rebukes for the Thessalonian saints. First, however, he expressed his
The Day of Vengeance / 115
gratitude for the positive things

which characterized that church,
anna
especially the faith, love (charity)
Growing Faith and Abounding Love (2
and patience which those believThessalonians 1:3): It was mentioned preers demonstrated.
viously that Paul had the heart of a pastor,
as a father in the ministry. His concern for
Growing Faith and Aboundthose whom he had influenced for Christ
ing Love (verse 3). Paul felt a
was like that which a loving father has for
twofold need which caused him to
his children. In this Text, we can visualize
express thanksgiving to God for
him as beaming with pleasure for the
the faith and love of the ThessaChristian fidelity of the Thessalonians.
Their faith was growing, indicating time
lonian believers. First, he considspent in study of the Word, prayer for
ered himself obligated to do so.
divine guidance and dedication to the
The Greek term for are bound litproclamation of the blessings of Christ to
erally means be a debtor. The
others. This was especially commendable
apostle was constrained by a
considering the persecutions and tribulasense of obligation to tell others
tions that ye endure(verse 4). Under such
favorable conditions for Christ, fellowabout the faith and love of the
believers and the lost abounded in love.
Thessalonian saints. In addition,
Paul indicated that it was appropriate for him to commend the faith and love of the members of the church in
Thessalonica. The expression, as it is meet, essentially means, as is only fitting. The Greek word for meet denotes the idea of merit, entitlement and
worthiness. The same word is used in Luke 10:7 to indicate that a worker is
duly entitled to receive appropriate reimbursement for his labors. One thing
that was so commendable about the Thessalonian believers was that their
faith had not reached a plateau but was continuing to grow and was doing so
even exceedingly. Growing faith is faith that increases steadily in strength,
produces appropriate fruit for God and assists a believer in becoming increasingly more like Christ in his daily life. In addition to a growing faith, the
members of the church in Thessalonica also
had abounding love (charity). The love of
Persecutions: the suffering and
which Paul spoke was agape love. The
pain of the first century believGreek word for aboundeth, which was also
ers came in many forms.The
Roman government would
used in 1 Thessalonians 3:12, essentially
arrest them for failure to
means over and above. The Thessalonian
acknowledge Caesar as god.
saints had an overflowing love for each
The Jews would arrest them
other.
and cause them to suffer
Patience in Persecution (verse 4).
because of their perception of
law-breaking.The sufferings
Another reason Paul was thankful in regard
came in the form of lack of
to the church in Thessalonica was because
business, being cut off from
the members had steadfastly endured perfamily, or beatings. Persecution
secution for the Lord. The phrase glory in
was never simple or easy.
you basically means boast of you. The
Word Study #1375.
churches to whom the apostle boasted in

regard to the Thessalonian believers were
Endure: the people had held up
the church at Corinththats most likely
under and had remained erect
where Paul was when he wrote this episand firm in spite of harsh pertleplus any other congregations with
secution. Paul commended
whom he had any contact during that time.
them for the power to sustain
their faith.The voice of this
Since Paul made it a point to use the plural
verb commended the people
churches, there evidently was some commufor their power to remain true
nication, however limited it might have
and endure with patience the
been, among some of the churches in those
life that they had chosen.
days. The Greek word for patience in this
Endurance requires great faith
and strength. Word Study
instance indicates more than simply endur#430.
ing an ordeal. The term, which was also
used in James 1:3 and 1 Thessalonians 1:3,
speaks of an attitude by which one can withstand his circumstances, however difficult they might be and rise above them in a victorious, overcoming
manner. (See comments on James 1:3, Lesson 1.) The words persecutions and
tribulations describe the ordeals to which Christians are likely to be subjected. The Greek term for persecution conveys the idea of pursuit. In the case of
persecution, people are pursued so that they can be imprisoned, harmed or
killed (Acts 22:4, 5; 26:10, 11). The word for tribulation essentially means
pressure. Thus, the word persecution speaks of the activities of the wicked
against Christians, while the word tribulation refers to the effects that persecution has on those subjected to such activities.
Wednesday, August 11
THE RIGHTEOUS JUDGMENT OF GOD
Lesson 11
One of the most notable attributes of God is His righteousness. As a totally righteous Being, He cannot excuse, overlook or disregard sin. Sin will be
appropriately addressed by God. Divine righteousness will also cause Him to
reward those who suffer for Him.
Worthy of the Kingdom (verse 5). In this verse Paul assured the Thessalonian saints that their afflictions would ultimately have a positive outcome. The pronoun which at the beginning of verse 5 is not in the original, as
indicated by the italics; however, there is no question that the translators of
the King James Version were correct in supplying this word. Notwithstanding, there is some disagreement among Bible scholars regarding the
antecedent for that pronoun. It seems to this writer that the which in verse 5
refers to the Thessalonian saints patience and faith by which they were able
to endure their persecutions and tribulations. (See verse 4.) The phrase manifest token essentially means plain indication. Counted worthy is from a
Greek word which basically denotes a bringing into balance, and is from the

same root term as meet in verse 3. The worthiness of believers is not based on
what we do, but on what God does for us through Christ. The fact that the
Thessalonian saints were able to maintain a Christian testimony under
adverse conditions was clear proofa plain indication, or manifest token
of their relationship with God through their faith in Jesus as Savior. They
maintained patience and faith under persecution because God enabled them
to do so. Although there is a present expression of the kingdom of God which
includes all believers, Pauls reference to the kingdom in this verse appears to
speak of its future, and glorious manifestation, which will be during the millennial reign of Jesus Christ. (Compare 1 Peter 4:13.)
Repaying Tribulation (verse 6). In
verse 5 Paul presented the positive side of
Tribulation: see 1 Thessalonians
divine recompense, which is the favorable
3:3. The tribulations of persetreatment that believers receive, or shall
cution are the afflictions and
pressures that come for being
receive, based on their relationship with
faithful to God. Word Study
Him through their salvation. In this verse,
#2347.
the apostle spoke of the negative aspect of
Gods judgment and that for Him to deal in
such a manner with wicked people is a righteous thing. The word recompense
comes from a Greek verb which means to give. Thus, the word recompense,
as used here, essentially means to give back or to repay. The last part of
verse 6 is an interesting play on words, as the words tribulation and trouble
are from the same root term, which basically means afflict. Thus, Paul
taught that those who subject believers to affliction will themselves be repaid
with afflictions, and the fact that God will deal with the wicked in such a
manner is perfectly in keeping with the fact that He is a just and holy God.
Sometimes oppressors of Gods people receive the recompense to which they
are due during this life, while in other cases such sinners escape their pay
back until the Great White Throne Judgment when they will have to appear
before the One from whom both Heaven and earth shall flee (Rev. 20:11-15).
An eternity in the lake of fire will be an indescribable agony under the most
lenient of circumstances; however, the sufferings of those who have persecuted Christians will be far more intense. Jesus alluded to this principle of Gods
righteous judgment upon the wicked when He declared that it would have
been better for Judas Iscariot, the one who betrayed Him, if he had never
been born (Matt. 26:24).
Thursday, August 12
THE REVEALING OF CHRIST
Lesson 11
Pauls references to the recompensing of saints and sinners points toward

the return of Jesus, the climax of which will be His coming in power and glory.

That will be the time of His revealing, and it will also be when believers experience the fullest sense of their rewards and unbelievers receive their just recompense.
The Revealing of Christ (verse 7). Once again the apostle gave assurance that those who suffer for the Lord are not forgotten by Him. There is the
promise of rest for all those who are subjected to afflictions (troubled, literally put under pressure). The Greek word for rest basically means to have
liberty. The same word is translated as liberty in Acts 24:23. The rest which
Paul promised is a release from the pressures and afflictions which believers
sometimes have to suffer. Although the rest which Paul mentioned has a specific sense, there are several expressions of rest in the Scriptures.
Circumstantial rest. This occurs during ones earthly life when, for whatever reason, his oppressors no longer inflict persecution.
Rest in death. When physical death occurs, a believer is removed from the
scene of battle and will no longer be exposed to the oppression of the wicked.
Rest in judgment. Faithful Christian service will be recompensed at the
Judgment Seat of Christ. Those who have suffered for Him will receive the
crown of life (James 1:12; Rev. 2:10).
Rest in the Millennium. When Jesus reigns as King of kings and Lord of
lords, His saints will share in His rule. This aspect of rest is the one which
Paul especially means in 2 Thessalonians 1:7 because his reference to the
revealing, or unveiling of Jesus in the presence of His mighty angels. (Compare Matthew 25:31.)
Eternal rest. This will be the
anna
final and fullest sense of rest for
Divine Vengeance (2 Thessalonians 1:8):
believers. Unbelievers will have
The true Christian does not demand an
been cast into the lake of fire
eye for an eye. Jesus taught, Whosoever
shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to
where they will suffer forever,
him the other also (Matt. 5:39). Paul,
and the new Heaven and earth
quoting Moses, said, Vengeance is mine; I
will be a perfect environment in
will repay, saith the Lord (Rom. 12:19).
which there is no sin or any
Humble Christians may not get justice
cause for any suffering of any
in the state courts, but state courts do not
kind.
make the final judgment. The final judgment is made by God, In flaming fire takThe Vengeance of Christ
ing vengeance on them that know not
(verse 8). When Jesus comes in
God. This is a righteous act of God (verse
power and glory, which will be
6).
the second phase of His return,
The flaming fire is not the judgment,
He will establish His kingdom
but the glorious appearance of the returnon earth and reign for one thouing Lord. For as the lightning cometh out
of the east, and shineth even unto the
sand years from the throne of
west; so shall also the coming of the Son
David (Rev. 20:1-6; Luke 1:32).
of man be (Matt. 24:27).
That reign of Jesus is often
called the Millennium. Follow-

ing the Millennium will be the Great White Throne Judgment which is
described in Revelation 20:11-15.
The throne. That this will be a great white throne underscores the
majesty and splendor of the occasion and especially the One who is in charge
of the proceedings.
The Judge. The Scriptures teach that the judgment of unbelievers as well
as that of believers will be by the Son (John 5:22; Acts 17:31). The crucified,
resurrected and glorified Jesus will judge those who so cruelly mistreated
Him and His followers.
The participants. Those who are to be judged will be the dead, small and
great. Since all believers will have already been resurrected, those who
remain will be only the unsaved; however, all unbelievers will be there, even
the so-called small sinners (those who might have led a good life on earth).
The sentence. The sentence will be the same for everyone in the sense that
all who appear at this judgment will be thrown into the lake of fire; however,
since they will be judged according to their works, they will receive varying
degrees of punishment in the lake of fire.
Friday, August 13
EVERLASTING PUNISHMENT
Lesson 11
The everlasting punishment of the unsaved is not a popular topic in todays

society. One seldom hears a sermon on this matter even in many Baptist
churches; however, divine judgment upon the wicked is taught more frequently in the Bible than is the eternal bliss of believers. Even Jesus Himself
had more to say about hell than He did Heaven.
Banished from the Presence of God (verse 9). This verse identifies the
recipients of everlasting punishment and also includes a partial account of
the nature of their sufferings.
The recipients. The pronoun who at the
Punished: this is the word for a
beginning of verse 9 refers back to them
judicial hearing and decision.
that know not God, and that obey not the
The punishment idea is simple.
The person has had a proper
gospel. This designates the recipients of
judicial procedure, and the vereverlasting punishment as the unsaved.
dict has been reached.This
They are not helpless victims of divine
word spells out clearly a senwrath, but they will justly suffer the wrath
tence to be executed. Everything has been done properly,
of a righteous, holy God because they do not
and the sentence can be carknow Him. They do not know Him because
ried out with hesitation. Word
during their life on earth they refused to
Study #1349.
heed the gospel of Jesus Christ. They are

doomed to destruction because they freely chose not to accept the opportunity to be saved, an opportunity made available through divine grace.
The sufferings of unbelievers. Five things are mentioned in this verse
regarding the sufferings which the unsaved will have to experience. (1) Their
sufferings are just. The verb punished speaks of receiving a just penalty. (2)
Unbelievers will suffer eternally. There will be no cessation or lessening of
the agonies which they will experience. (3) Their sufferings will be felt in
every aspect of their being(soul)body, mind and spirit. The word destruction does not denote annihilation or the end of existence, but it refers instead
to total, complete ruin. (4) The unsaved will be banished forever from the
presence of God, the One who is the source and sustainer of life and all that
can be experienced and enjoyed through life. (Compare John 10:10.) (5) Unbelievers will not have any awareness of the glory of divine power. They will
realize His power in judgment, but His awesome glory will be something only
the saved can comprehend and experience.
The Coming of Christ in Glory (verse 10). This is the second phase of
the return of Jesus. Like some other aspects of the second coming, this phase
is a process instead of a single event or episode. Some things which shall
occur in conjunction with the coming of Christ in glory are as follows:
1. Jesus will be victorious over the anti-Christ and all the forces arrayed
against Him and His people (Rev. 19:11-21).
2. Jesus will bind Satan and will confine him to the bottomless pit for one
thousand years, during which He shall rule in peace over all the earth as
King of kings and Lord of lords (Rev. 20:1-6).
3. At the close the one thousand year reign of Jesus, Satan will be released
from the bottomless pit. He will quickly amass an army and march against
Jerusalem, only to be destroyed by fire from Heaven (Rev. 20:7-10).
4. Following the final defeat of Satan, Jesus will preside over the Great
White Throne Judgment, after which all unbelievers will be cast into the lake
of fire (Rev. 20:11-15).
Believers will participate, to some extent at least, with Jesus in His coming in glory. We will accompany Him when He comes in power and crushes
the forces of evil; we will share in His kingdom; we will most likely be present
at the Great White Throne Judgment, at least as interested observers. In the
last part of verse 10, Paul added a particular assurance to the members of the
church in Thessalonica, an insertion marked by parentheses in the King
James Version of the Bible. It seems that the apostle wanted all of the Thessalonian believerseven the faintheartedto realize that each of them,
whether living or already deceased, would experience the coming glory of
Christ.

Saturday, August 14
GLORIFYING THE NAME OF JESUS
Lesson 11
This chapter concludes on a positive, uplifting note. The apostle prayed

that God will make believers worthy of their calling as His people. The great
purpose of Gods work in and through His saints is that the name of Jesus
may be glorified in us and that we in turn would be glorified in Him.
Worthy of Ones Calling (verse 11). In his first epistle to the church in
Thessalonica, Paul mentioned his prayerful concern for those believers (1
Thess. 1:2). Now in the opening remarks of this letter, he assured them of his
continued prayers. The phrase would count you worthy is from the same basic
Greek term as meet in verse 3 where it was noted that that word indicates
merit, entitlement and worthiness. Believers are not worthy in and of themselves, but God can consider them so because He makes them worthy. Our
calling is to be saints (1 Cor. 1:2). In salvation we were set apart by God to
live for Him and to serve Him, and our daily lives should reflect that calling.
Once again, it should be emphasized that no one deserves such a noble calling, but the righteousness of Christ which is received through faith makes
one acceptable to God.
Another petition in Pauls prayer was that God would fulfill all the good
pleasure of his goodness. The Greek word for the expression good pleasure
basically means desire. The desire for goodness to which Paul referred is not
what God wanted, but what the Thessalonian saints wanted. They desired
the goodness of God; that is, they wanted to possess and exhibit the moral
excellence which one can have only by the grace and help of God. For comments on the work of faith refer to the remarks on 1 Thessalonians 1:3 in
Lesson 6. The Greek word for power is dunamis, which denotes an active, productive force. The power of God will bring to fulfillment each believers salvation.
Glorifying the Name of Jesus (verse 12). There is a reciprocal glorification mentioned in this verse. It is important, however, to note the order which
was given by Paul. First, Jesus is to be glorified in the lives of believers. This
is done by the manner in which one lives as a Christian. As we grow in grace,
we also grow in the likeness of Jesus. In this process we give glory to Him.
When people observe Christlike traits in our daily conductwhether personal, family, social or professionalthey will most likely have positive, favorable views toward Christ, the Bible, the Lords churches and everything else
associated with Christianity. The walk and words of faithful, dedicated believers give glory to their Lord and Savior.
The second aspect of glorification to which the apostle Paul referred is that
of the believers glorification in Jesus. This will occur in association with the
second coming of Jesus. The saints who have died will be resurrected with

glorified bodies, and those who are living when Jesus returns will be translated, that is, their bodies will be gloriously changed. Then all believers, resurrected and translated, will be caught up together to be with the Lord (1
Thess. 4:14-17). Following this will be the distribution of rewards at the Judgment Seat of Christ (Rom. 14:8-12; 2 Cor. 5:8-10). The Millennium will follow
the judgment of believers, during which believers will reign gloriously with
Jesus for a thousand years, then they will be with Him in glory forever in the
eternal ages. The divine purposes which will be fulfilled with the second coming of Jesus shall be accomplished through the grace of God.
Lesson 11
THE DAY OF VENGEANCE
Conclusion
This chapter makes a clear distinction between those who heed the message of the gospel and those who do not. Paul emphasized that when this age
draws to a close, there will be joy and bliss for believers and vengeance for
unbelievers. Thus, those who suffer for their faith can expect vindication, if
not in this life, certainly in the life to come, while those who oppose the truth
will most certainly reap the consequences of their evil deeds in the life to come
and possibly to some extent even in this life.
Lesson 12
The Day of the Lord
This is certainly an interesting and even intriguing chapter. Especially significant is a series of contrasts, implied if not explicit, which underscore the
opposition of good and evil. The contrasts have to do with (1) the struggle
between the sinless Christ and the man of sin, (2) the working of the mystery
of godliness the mystery of iniquity, (3) the rival comings of Christ and the
anti-Christ, (4) the rejection of truth and the embrace of falsehood and (5) the
respective fates of the wicked and the saved.
Monday, August 16
Lesson 12
THE GATHERING UNTO THE LORD
In his previous epistle to the church in Thessalonica, Paul referred to the

day of the Lord in the overall context of the rapture and the coming of Christ
for His saints (1 Thess. 4:135:2). Here is another such reference in a slightly different presentation. What the apostle had intended earlier as a source of
comfort for the Thessalonian believers (1 Thess. 4:18) had not produced the
effect he wanted, because of the doubts and distress which had so greatly
upset the members of that church.
The Gathering (verse 1). The concern which Paul had for the Thessalonian saints is underscored by the word beseech, which denotes a sense of
urgency. The preposition by, as used here, essentially means with regard to.
The phrase our gathering together unto him is a reference to the rapture, a
matter which the apostle explained in his first epistle (1 Thess. 4:16, 17). In
view of these considerations, this verse could be paraphrased as follows: We
plead with you, brethren, with regard to the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ
and the rapture of the saints. The substance of Pauls plea is given in verse 2;
however, among the issues which had a critical bearing on that plea were the
attitudes and actions of the Thessalonian believers in regard to the rapture
and related matters.
The Distress (verse 2). In this verse Paul addressed the distress of the
members of the church in Thessalonica and the causes of their agitation. The
123

Greek word for shaken denotes unrest or
Soon Shaken: literally the
agitation, as the root term describes the
words mean a quick motion
tossing of the sea and the rattling of an
produced by the winds so as
earthquake. The word for mind refers to
to cause to totter or shake.
ones inner orientation or stability. Troubled
Paul warned not to be quickly
agitated of mind or heart at
speaks of a state of nervous excitement.
the events around you. Some
Paul listed three possible sources for the
things must happen first. Do
misunderstandings which had so upset the
not allow things to disturb
Thessalonian saints.
your ability to trust and believe
Spirit. Apparently, some self-appointed
God. Be prepared and not
shaken. Word Studies #5030
prophet claimed to have received a revelaand #4531.
tion from the Holy Spirit regarding the coming of Christ.
Word. Seemingly, some teachers were misusing and misapplying the Scriptures which they had available to them.
Alleged letter. Evidently, some people claimed to have received a letter
from Paul himself on which they based their assertions.
According to some Bible scholars, the expression the day of Christ could
have been rendered as the day of the Lord. Based on the context, it seems that
such a translation would be in order. It appears as if the Thessalonian agitators taught that the rapture had already occurred, and since that was the
case (supposedly), the coming of Christ in power and glory would not be far
off. Such incorrect and improper teachingswhether based on a so-called revelation, a misapplied Scripture or an alleged letter from Paulhad the Thessalonian believers in great distress.
Tuesday, August 17
THE FALSE CHRIST
Lesson 12
Since the members of the church in Thessalonica evidently believed the

rapture had already occurred, it seems as if they were anticipating the coming of Christ in glory at any time; however, before that can occur, the antiChrist must appear and bring rebellion against God to its ultimate conclusion. Paul mentioned some things which must happen before the anti-Christ
will be able to execute his role effectively.
The Falling Away (verse 3). The phrase falling away is from the Greek
word apostasia, from which we get apostasy. Apostasia literally means a
standing off from or a standing away. It speaks of a forsaking of truth, an
abandonment of ones beliefs or principles. The Greek version also includes
the definite article, thus designating it as the falling away. The rapture of the
saints will leave a great moral vacuum in the world. Without the godly influence of true believers and scriptural churches, there will be virtually no
The Day of the Lord / 125

restraints in moral and religious matters.
Falling Away: our word in EngMany people who profess to be Christians
lish is apostasy.The word
will not be included in the rapture because
means a falling away, a defecthey will not actually have experienced the
tion, or a revolt. The events of
new birth. Moreover, many so-called
the end will have all of these
churches will be able to continue with busithings in them. It can be identiness as usual because they will lose few
fied by these qualities.The
members in the rapture. Those individuals
apostasy will occur in the faith
and so-called churches will also be the parand practice of true Christianity. It is important for us to
ticipants in the great apostasy. Many proknow the truth, so that we can
fessing Christians and religious groups
see the falling away. Word
have little regard for the truth even now,
Study #646.
and that inclination will become even more
pronounced after the rapture of the saints.
The Revealing (verses 3, 4). The last part of verse 3 and the first part of
verse 4 speak of the revealing of the anti-Christ; however, the manner in
which he will be revealed is given in the last part of verse 4. The Greek word
for be revealed is the same as for the revealing or unveiling of Christ. Thus, it
speaks of a supernatural element in regard to the coming of the anti-Christ.
Three things are specifically mentioned concerning the nature of the antiChrist.
Man of sin. As the man of sin, the anti-Christ will be responsible for many
horrific deeds. He will also be of such a corrupt disposition as to be the personification or epitome of sin.
Son of perdition. This term appears twice in the Scriptures. In addition to
this instance by Paul, Jesus used it in reference to Judas Iscariot (John
17:12). The word son denotes a relationship and speaks of a legal entitlement.
The Greek word for perdition basically means utter loss, ruin or destruction.
Thus, the title, son of perdition, refers to the ultimate and rightful doom of
the anti-Christ.
Against God. One of the goals of the anti-Christ will be to receive the worship and praise to which only God Himself is due.
The Blasphemy (verse 4). The last part of this verse describes how the
anti-Christ will be revealed for who and what he really is. At some point he
will go into the Templeevidently the Temple will have been built in
Jerusalem by this timeand demand that he be acknowledged as God and be
accorded the worship due Him. This may be what is called the abomination
of desolation in the Scriptures (Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14). Daniel 9:27 suggests that this outrageous event will occur at the midpoint in the Tribulation
Period, the seven-year period during which the anti-Christ will be in power.
That period, popularly known as Daniels seventieth week, will begin with a
treaty, or covenant which the anti-Christ will make with the Jews. (Compare
with Daniel 9:24-27.) Quite likely, one of the provisions of that agreement will

give the Jews permission to
build the Temple in Jerusalem.
If that proves to be so, then the
anna
time when the anti-Christ deseDont WorryBe Ready (2 Thessalonians
crates the Temple by demanding
2:3, 5): Evidently, there were those who
had convinced some of the Thessalonians
to be worshiped could well be
that the day of Christ is at hand (2
the occasion of the Temples dedThess. 2:2). Today, many are predicting
ication.
the soon return of Christ. I think most BapThe Reminder (verse 5).
tists believe in the imminent return of
Christ. That is, He could come at any time.
Many people, including some
Are you inclined to worry that you
pastors and teachers, believe
might not be ready? Do not for Christ will
that young converts should not
return at the Fathers own appointed time,
be taught about such matters as
and no human knows when that is. It is
most important that each one be ready. All
the second coming, the rapture,
the saved are ready. The Lords coming is
the anti-Christ and the Tribulafor all the saved, but rewards seem to be
tion; however, the apostle Paul
determined by what one does with the
taught the Thessalonian believopportunities offered him after salvation.
ers about these topics even
The Text also speaks of a falling
away, and the revelation of the evil one
though he was with them for a
who declares himself to be the true God.
relatively short timeprobably,
During that time earth will experience its
a matter of weeks or at the
worst ever nightmare of sin. The living
longest a few months. Paul
who refuse to worship the impostor will
be beheaded (Rev. 20:4), but that will be a
specifically reminded the Thesrelatively quick and painless death, and
salonian saints that he had told
the spirit will be immediately safe in the
them these things, that is, the
arms of Jesus.
things which he discussed in
verses 1-4, while he was with
them. That seemed to be true for all of the churches Paul established. (Compare Acts 20:27.)
THE PRESENT RESTRAINT
Lesson 12
These verses provide additional information regarding the revealing of the

anti-Christ. It is noteworthy that One is presently hindering the anti-Christs
rise to power and will continue to do so until He is removed. Not only is the
anti-Christ detained, but he is also doomed.
The Restraint of the Wicked One (verse 6). The Greek word for withholdeth essentially means to grasp or seize firmly. This word is also rendered as hold fast (1 Thess. 5:21; Heb. 10:23), keep (1 Cor. 11:2), possess (2
Cor. 6:10), retain (Philemon 13) and seize on (Matt. 21:38). The withholding
action or effect to which Paul referred is keeping the anti-Christ from being

revealed until the arrival of the appropriate time for his unveiling (in his
time). What or who is responsible for the withholding? Unquestionably, it is
the Holy Spirit. How does He cause the withholding? It is through His ministry with believers and scriptural churches. The collective effects of the lives
of individual Christians and endeavors of faithful churches is a potent force
indeed. To get even a meager awareness of how it is when there is little godly
influence, one needs only to consider how terrible prison life is in many undeveloped societies. When there are few, if any, restraints on depraved passions,
human wickedness will be essentially unchecked.
The Work of the Wicked One (verse 7). The work of the anti-Christ is
described in this verse as the
mystery of iniquity. The word
anna
mystery, in the biblical sense,
Mystery of Iniquity (2 Thessalonians 2:7):
refers to something that is not
The mystery of iniquity, the spirit of evil
revealed until the appropriate
is already at work. In a sense, this spirit
time. For example, the mystery
has been at work since Eve ate the forbidden fruit in Eden, but this evil spirit has
of godliness was disclosed with
been most active from soon after the resurthe birth of Jesus (1 Tim. 3:16).
rection and ascension of Christ. This is the
In regard to the mystery of iniqspirit that persecuted the early churches,
uity, the spirit of anti-Christ has
killed the apostle James, imprisoned Peter
and hounded Paul to the day of his death.
been in operation since the fall of
There will be no slacking off. But evil men
Lucifer (Isa. 14:12-15). (Compare
and seducers will wax worse and worse,
1 John 2:18, 22; 2 John 7.) Such
deceiving, and being deceived (2 Tim.
opposition to God and the true
3:13).
Christ will culminate during the
The only reason evil has not completely
taken over the earth is the presence of the
Tribulation Period in the person
Holy Spirit in the churches. When this hinand work of the anti-Christ, a
dering power is removed at the coming of
development which will occur
the Lord, evil will reign supremely for a
because he who now letteth
season.
will have been taken out of the
way. The Greek word for letteth is the same term which was rendered as
withholdeth in verse 6. Thus, it is evident that the withholding effect to which
Paul referred in verse 6 is the same as the restraining force mentioned in
verse 7. In both instances it is the Holy Spirit who is keeping the anti-Christ
from assuming the power which he shall wield during the Tribulation Period.
The Destruction of the Wicked One (verse 8). The order of events which
Paul has included thus far in this passage should be noted.
1. The hindering action of the Holy Spirit which is presently being done
through the lives of faithful believers and the ministries of scriptural churches.
2. The removal of this restraining force as a result of the rapture.
3. The anti-Christs assumption of power and control following the removal
of the Holy Spirits hindering action.

The anti-Christs tenure will be short-lived. It will begin when he makes
the seven year treaty with the Jews. During the first half of that period, he
will acquire the awesome power which he will wield over the nations. At the
midpoint, he will commit the sacrilege described as the abomination of desolation, after which he will become even more cruel and ruthless, especially in
his treatment of the Jews and believers. At the close of the Tribulation Period, Jesus will return in power and glory and defeat the armies of the antiChrist, casting the anti-Christ and the false prophet into the lake of fire (Rev.
19:11-21).
Thursday, August 19
THE DOOM OF THE WICKED
Lesson 12
The followers of the anti-Christ will perish with him. This passage provides some information concerning the reason for the anti-Christs rapid rise
to power and the reason why he will be so readily acclaimed by his followers.
Described also is the condemnation of the anti-Christs followers.
The Empowerment of Satan (verse 9). This verse explains how the antiChrist will be able to achieve such great accomplishments in such a little
time. He will be Satans man doing Satans work through satanic power. The
anti-Christ will not only be a man who opposes the true Christ, but he will
also be someone who imitates the true Christ. In all that he does, the antiChrist will be energized by Satan. The three things mentioned specifically
regarding the anti-Christs empowerment correspond to the manner in which
Jesus confirmed His ministry and the work of His followers. The following
Greek words were used to describe the activities of both the anti-Christ and
the true Christ.
1. Dunamis, translated as power in this verse and as miracles in Acts 2:22,
as power in Romans 15:19, as mighty deeds in 2 Corinthians 12:12 and as
miracles in Hebrews 2:4.
2. Semeion, translated as signs in this verse and also in Romans 15:19, 2
Corinthians 12:12 and Hebrews 2:4.
3. Teras, translated as wonders in this verse and also in Romans 15:19, 2
Corinthians 12:12 and Hebrews 2:4.
The Rejection of the Truth (verse 10). Lies and deception have always
been used by Satan. He became the devil because he rejected the truth, and
he has tried to deceive human beings ever since (John 8:44). Unfortunately,
Satan has met with great success in this matter, and one of the primary reasons he has done so is because people spurn the truth. If anyone rejects light,
he is confronted by darkness. Similarly, one who turns from the truth is
exposed to falsehood. Such a condition is bad enough in the material realm,
but it is markedly worse in regard to spiritual matters. The anti-Christ will

reject the truths about sin and human depravity, and even worse, he will
reject the One who is the truth (John 14:6). Multitudes of people will emulate him in his rejection of truth, and that will result in their eternal condemnation. The willful rejection of truth which Paul mentioned in this verse
echoes the words of Jesus in John 5:40, And ye will not come to me, that ye
might have life. It is not an inability to understand the truth, but an outright
rejection of it.
The Acceptance of the Lie (verse 11).
Delusion: God will send a wanAnything that is not true is a lie, and the
dering, a straying from the right
further one goes into error, the more firmly
way.This term refers in a spirientrenched he becomes. Repeated rejection
tual sense to a mental straying
or the wrong opinion of
of the truth causes a searing of the conmorals and faith. It is an error
science (1 Tim. 4:2) and a hardening of the
that leads to deceit and fraud.
heart (Ex. 9:34). The Greek word for strong
The delusion sent is one that is
is energeia, from which we get the term
full of energy, or it is with great
energy. This same Greek word was rendered
strength.Word Study #4106.
as working in verse 9. Delusion is from a
term which basically means wandering error, thus conveying the idea of
being led astray. People are deluded or led astray because they refuse to
acknowledge the truth and accept it instead what is not true. This is a willful, deliberate decision which is made intentionally even though deception is
involved. As the pharaohs heart was hardened because he refused to make
the correct decision when confronted with the opportunity to do so, so will the
people of the anti-Christs time believe his lies because they will have already
spurned the truth. By embracing error, they will become more firmly entangled in the web of confusion and deceit.
The Condemnation of the Wicked (verse 12). Note the progression of
error which the apostle Paul has set forth.
1. They received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved (verse
10).
2. God shall send them a strong delusion (verse 11).
3. That they should believe a lie (verse 11).
4. That they all might be damned who believed not the truth (verse 12).
Condemnation is the inevitable result for
Damned: this is the word for disthose who persist in refusing to heed the
cern or judge. Literally, those
truth and who take pleasure in evil. This is
who do not believe will be
a natural consequence because God is still
judged.They will be separated
in control of this universe. The nature of sin
and selected to have the opinion of right and wrong passed
is such that it will ultimately lead to
upon them.The righteous judge
destruction. Farmers and gardeners have to
will pass the judgment upon
battle weeds constantly, and health care
them that fits their deeds and
workers have to combat illness and infirmiactions. Word Study #2919.
ty continually despite all the marvelous

advances that have been made throughout the years in agriculture and medical science. Likewise, those who reject the true Christ and embrace instead
the anti-Christ will suffer the horrible consequences of their decision.
Friday, August 20
CHOSEN TO SALVATION
Lesson 12
While the anti-Christ and his followers are doomed for destruction, believers are destined to glory. Each of the persons in the GodheadFather, Son
and Holy Spiritis involved in making certain that each person who trusts
Jesus as Savior will experience complete, final and ultimate salvation.
Chosen and Sanctified (verse 13). At the beginning of this verse, Paul
contrasted the state of the Thessalonian believers with that of unbelievers,
particularly those who will embrace the anti-Christ. Believers are loved by
God, while unbelievers are under the condemnation of God. Moreover, believers have been chosen to salvation, and the implication is that unbelievers are
chosen to condemnation. That God chose believers to salvation from the
beginning does not mean that certain individuals were destined for salvation
even before they were born while others were not so destined. This means
instead that even before a human being had been created God determined
that all those who believe on Jesus Christ as Savior will be destined for salvation. The Greek word for sanctification essentially means a setting apart.
The reason why believersthose who believe the truth in contrast to those
who believe a lie (verse 11)can be certain of salvation is because they are
set apart by the Holy Spirit and preserved through His indwelling presence.
Called and Glorified (verse 14). In verse 13 it was noted that in eternity past that God determined that all believers will be saved. Here it is seen
that for salvation to become effective for any individual, he must during ones
time on earth respond to the call which God gives to everyone. No one is automatically saved, nor is anyone forced to be saved; however, there is a human
factor involved in salvation in the sense that each individual must decide
whether or not to accept Jesus as Savior. There must be a human response to
the divine provision, and those who receive the free gift of salvation are
assured of all that is included in this provision. Although salvation is a present reality for all believers, the ultimate goal of salvation is eternal glory.
When we are resurrected, we will have glorified bodies (1 Cor. 15:42-44);
when we appear before the Judgment Seat of Christ, we will receive the
rewards we have earned (1 Cor. 3:13, 14); when Jesus returns in power and
glory, we will accompany Him (Col. 3:4); during Jesus millennial reign we
will reign with Him (Rev. 20:4).
Steadfast and Faithful (verse 15). The reference to the believers future
glory should not blind us to the realities of present conditions. Gods people
are constantly tested by Satan

and his followers. Therefore, it
anna
is important for us to stand fast
Hold the Traditions (2 Thessalonians
and hold to the truths which we
2:15): Traditions implies transmission of
have been taught. According to
something from one age to another. In this
Greek scholars, the term for
Text, Paul uses it to refer to the truths of
the gospel that the Thessalonians had been
stand fast was often used to
taught, whether by word [orally], or our
describe the steadfastness of
epistle [written word]. They were not to
soldiers in battle. A related
become disturbed by those false teachers
word is used in Ephesians 6:11who were proclaiming the return of the
14 where Paul discussed the
Lord was at hand. In a few words, they
were to adhere to the Scriptures.
duties of a Christian soldier. We
The scribes and Pharisees questioned
are to stand fast even in the
Jesus about why His disciples transgress
face of opposition and persecuthe tradition of the elders by not washing
tion and not yield any ground to
their hands before eating. Jesus responded
the enemy. The Greek word for
by asking why they transgress the commandment of God by your tradition?
traditions literally means that
(Matt. 15:2, 3). Clearly, it is more important
which is handed over, and conthat we keep the commandments of God.
veys the practical sense of
That is what Paul was urging upon the
something which has been
Thessalonians.
transmitted or passed down.
The things which Paul had
taught, or transmitted to the Thessalonian saints, whether by word or
through his epistles to that church, were not matters which those believers
could choose to observe or not observe. Instead, those matters were to be
faithfully taught and practiced.
Saturday, August 21
COMFORTED AND ESTABLISHED
Lesson 12
These verses are a prayer in which Paul acknowledged the consolation of

God and asked Him to comfort the members of the church in Thessalonica.
The apostle also requested divine strengthening of the Thessalonian believers for the work which God wanted them to accomplish.
The Wonderful Love of God (verse 16). As Paul began this prayer, he
acknowledged two of the divine Persons in the Godhead. Jesus Christ the Son
and God the Father are not separate entities; however, they do serve different, but complementary functions or roles in the work of the Triune Godhead.
All of the activities of the threefold God are designed to accomplish the divine
purposes. Three things are mentioned specifically in this verse in regard to
what God has done for believers. First, He has loved us. Because of His love,
He sent His only begotten Son to die on the cross for our sins (John 3:16; Rom.

5:8). Moreover, God has given us everlasting consolation. The Greek word for
consolation actually denotes encouragement. Finally, God gives hope, which
is an unshakable assurance that all His promises will be fulfilled. Note that
all three tenses are included in this versepast, God has loved us; present,
He gives encouragement and future, He provides good hopeand that all that
God does for believers is through His grace.
Ready to Serve (verse 17). The word comfort in this verse is from the
same Greek term as consolation in verse 16. Both references suggest the
involvement of the Holy Spirit who is the Comforter promised by Jesus (John
14:26; 16:7). The consolation and comfort in this passage speak of encouragement and strengthening more than comfort in the modern sense of the word.
Pauls desire for the Thessalonian saints was that they would be fortified and
buttressed against the trials and tribulations which confronted them in their
Christian lives. The practical result of this would be the establishment of
believers in every good word and work. The expression every good word
speaks of the testimony of Gods people, and the words every good . . . work
refer to our conduct or actions. Note that Paul mentioned three good things
in verses 16 and 17, good hope, good word and good work.
Lesson 12
THE DAY OF THE LORD
Conclusion
The day of the Lord will be characterized by two significant comings. First,
there will be the coming of the anti-Christ who will rise to power after the
hindering force of the Holy Spirit has been removed, which will be a result of
the rapture of the saints or the gathering of all believers unto the Lord. The
anti-Christ will be a powerful ruler over many people; however, his time will
be limited. The coming of the true Christ in power and glory will lead to the
destruction of the anti-Christ and his forces.
Lesson 13
Patiently Awaiting the

Return of Christ
In this chapter the apostle Paul set forth some practicalities regarding the
coming of Christ. If we really believe that Jesus will gather His saints (2
Thess. 2:1) and later come in power and glory (2 Thess. 2:8), our daily activities should reflect such a wonderful, positive expectation. The Lord wants us
to pursue balanced lives with appropriate attention given to secular matters
as well as spiritual aspects. As we await the return of Christ, we are to provide for our families, give an honest days work for our wages and make meaningful contributions to the society in which we live.
Monday, August 23
Lesson 13
THE UNRESTRICTED WORD
As Paul began his conclusion to this epistle, he asked the members of the
church in Thessalonica to pray that the Word of God would be unrestricted
and that he and his companions would be free to proclaim the Word.
The Free Movement of the Word (verse 1). When Paul asked the Thessalonian saints to pray that the Word of God would have free course, his concern at that moment was for his ministry in Corinth. It is difficult to trace
with certainty the events associated with the writing of the epistles to the
church in Thessalonica; however, the following scenario could well describe what hapCourse: the idea is that the
word may make progress or
pened.
have a free run.The term can
1. After Paul arrived in Athens from
mean a rush into battle. The
Berea,
he was joined by Silas and Timothy
plan of Paul was that the mes(Acts 17:13-16).
sage he had would be able to
move forward and the effort
2. In response to the report they gave,
would be one that was profPaul wrote the first letter to the church in
itable.The word would exert
Thessalonica.
itself and find those who would
3. While still at Athens Paul sent Timothy
listen and obey. Word Study
back to Thessalonica with the first epistle to
#5143.
the church in that city (1 Thess. 3:1, 2). Most
133
likely, Silas accompanied Timothy to Macedonia and went to

anna
Berea to check on that congregaA Request for Prayer (2 Thessalonians 3:1,
tion.
2): Every child of God can pray. Paul
4. While Silas and Timothy
requested that the Thessalonians pray for
the missionaries. (1) That the word of the
made their way back to MacedoLord might be received and believed by
nia, Paul proceeded to Corinth.
those to whom it was preached. (2) That
When he subsequently received
the missionaries might be delivered from
the report from those men, he
unreasonable and wicked men (verse 2).
wrote the second letter to the
Paul certainly encountered such men.
Jesus said, Men ought always to pray,
Thessalonian church (Acts 18:5).
and not to faint (Luke 18:1). Trouble is
The Greek term for the
certain to come, but that must not cause
expression have free course is
the Christian to quit, give up praying and
elsewhere translated as run
to stop serving God. We are to pray in
faith, nothing wavering (James 1:6). When (Heb. 12:1). Pauls concern was
we pray, we must trust God that He hears
that the Word of God would be
and answers prayer. This implies that to
able to go forth as a runner
pray while doubting (wavering) is a waste
without any impediments.
of time and energy.
Free from Faithless Men
(verse 2). In asking the Thessalonian saints to pray that he and his companions would be free from unreasonable and wicked men, Paul might have had in mind the experiences they
had while in Macedonia. In every place in which those men ministered
Philippi, Thessalonica and Bereathey encountered persecution. Since this
epistle was written early during Pauls stay in Corinth, he most likely was
hoping for a longer ministry in that place than he had experienced elsewhere
during his second missionary endeavor. The Greek word for unreasonable literally means out of place, and conveys the sense of being especially cruel
and inhumane. Paul wanted to be delivered from men whose passions were
so inflamed that they acted more like beasts than humans. Possibly, the
encounter Paul had with the unbelieving Jews early during the apostles ministry in Corinth gave rise to the prayer request which is recorded in 2 Thessalonians 3:2. (Compare Acts 18:6.) The expression, all men have not faith, is
more than an acknowledgment that some people refuse to trust Jesus as Savior. It also serves as a chilling reminder that human depravity is capable of
causing people to commit horrible atrocities, such as the actions of unreasonable and wicked men.
Tuesday, August 24
THE FIDELITY OF GOD
Lesson 13
If some people are faithless and even believers are sometimes unfaithful,
God is always faithful. Regardless of what happens or does not happen, one
Patiently Awaiting the Return of Christ / 135

can always depend on God to keep His promises and fulfill His Word. The
absolute fidelity of God should cause Christians to be faithful also.
God Is Faithful (verse 3). The fidelity of God is related to His integrity.
His nature is such that He cannot lie, nor can He change His purposes (Num.
23:19). Therefore, Paul assured the Thessalonian saints that even though he
and they might be opposed by unreasonable and wicked men, God would see
them through any ordeals that might confront them. The Greek word for stablish conveys the idea of being securely fixed or firmly established. In contrast, unsaved people are described as being tossed like the waves of the sea
(Isa. 57:20); immature Christians are depicted as being blown to and fro by
the shifting winds (Eph. 4:14), and people who disregard the teachings of
Jesus are said to build their lives upon an unstable foundation (Matt. 7:26,
27).
Not only does God establish His people, but He also keeps us from evil. The
Greek word for keep essentially means to guard or to maintain a vigilance.
God guards His saints regarding every aspect of evil, whether it is wicked
people in general or the evil one in particular. God might not choose to remove
us from encounters with Satan or his followers, but He will certainly be with
us through such experiences. In times of trial, God remains faithful even if we
do not.
Confidence in God (verse 4). Because of the absolute fidelity of God,
believers can always have complete confidence in Him. The faithfulness of
God should also encourage His people to be faithful because the apostle based
his confidence in the Thessalonian saints on the fidelity of God. What Paul
said in this verse was preparatory to the instructions which were to follow
concerning the exercise of church discipline because of the disorderly members of the church in Thessalonica. The Greek word for command in this verse
is the same as in verses 6, 10 and 12. This is an intense term which is commonly used to underscore an urgency or to denote strong emphasis (Luke
9:21; Acts 4:18; 16:18). According to Greek scholars, this was the word that
was used by military commanders when they issued their orders. Paul knew
that what he would instruct the Thessalonian believers to do in matters of
church discipline would not be pleasant; however, he also knew that what the
members of that church had to do was essential to the spiritual well-being of
the congregation. He encouraged those saints by reminding them that as they
had been faithful in the past to do what he had instructed them, so must they
do so in the future.
Patiently Waiting for Christ (verse 5). In verse 4 Paul began his exhortation which would later include instructions for the members of the church
in Thessalonica to exercise discipline regarding the disorderly brethren; however, the apostle interspersed a prayerful reminder that what he was going to
enjoin those believers to do needed to be done in the proper attitude and spirit. Church discipline is never a pleasant undertaking, and when it has to be
administered, it should always be done in a spirit of love. Paul emphasized

the critical importance of this matter by his
prayer that God would guide the Thessalonian saints into the love of God as they
assumed their solemn responsibility. Paul
also suggested the need for patience in dealing with the unpleasant matter. Church discipline must not be rushed, but events must
be allowed to take their proper course. Such
patient waiting is reminiscent of the manner in which believers are to anticipate the
return of Jesus Christ. Although we do not
know when He shall come for us, we must
not allow such uncertainty to cause us to act rashly in any endeavors. Our
patient waiting for Christ should characterize all our activities and undertakingswhether secular or otherwisein life.
Direct: this word is in a rare
form in the language. It is a
form that expresses a strong
desire. Let the Lord direct or
guide your hearts. The guidance of God implies the
removal of any hindrances
from the heart.The term
means to make straight. The
purpose of the Lord is to
guide our lives in this manner.
Word Study #2720.
THE APOSTOLIC EXAMPLE
Lesson 13
Having tactfully laid the groundwork for what was to follow, Paul proceeded to give the Thessalonian
saints some instructions for dealing with disorderly brethren.
anna
Among the things which the aposChurch Discipline (2 Thessalonians 3:6,
tle mentioned was that he and his
14): A church is an organization committed
to obeying the Lords commands. Obvimissionary companions had set
ously, humans will err. When there is
the proper example for that
grievous and persistent departure from the
church.
purpose for which the church exists, there
Disciplining the Disordermust be discipline. No organization can
ly (verse 6). What Paul had to
exist long without discipline. With no discipline, anarchy prevails.
say about this matter was not a
Church discipline does not take away
mere suggestion or even some
the salvation of the one who is disciplined.
urgent advice but a direct comSalvation comes by faith, not by church
mand. (See comments on verse
membership, but discipline must be
administered in the spirit of love, as a car4.) The reason why the apostle
ing parent would discipline an erring
could be so emphatic and authorchild.
itative was because he was writPreviously, Paul advised the church
ing in the name of our Lord
members to obey the traditions. Now, he
says the church should withdraw from a
Jesus Christ. Thus, the instrucbrother who walks contrary to the traditions he gave were not merely his
tion it had received. They were not to comviews or those of any other men,
pany with such in church fellowship.
but they came from the Lord

Himself. The Greek word for withdraw is from a root which essentially means
avoid. (Compare 2 Corinthians 8:20.) Of course, the only way a congregation
can avoid any of its members is to exclude such a person from its membership.
This is certainly a drastic measure, and that is the reason why Paul gave the
Thessalonian saints the preparatory exhortations in verses 4 and 5. The
Greek word for disorderly basically means undisciplined or out of control.
This term was translated as unruly in 1 Thessalonians 5:14. (See comments
in Lesson 10.) The disorderly brethren in Thessalonica did not observe or
keep the traditions, that is, the teachings which Paul had given them. As
the term is understood today, traditions are not obligatory; however, the
Greek word for traditions has a different meaning. (See comments on 2 Thessalonians 2:15, Lesson 12.)
An Orderly Example (verse 7). To reinforce the command given in verse
6, Paul cited the example which he and his missionary companions had set
while they ministered to the church in Thessalonica. The Greek word for follow literally means mimic. In fact, the Greek root is the basis for the words
mimic, mime and related words. In contrast to those in Thessalonica who
were acting disorderly, Paul and his associates had set the proper example
before the members of that congregation, because they behaved not . . . disorderly. If any of the Thessalonian believers were tempted to engage in disorderly behavior, the example of the missionaries should have deterred them.
There was a stark contrast between the two life-styles. Those who acted disorderly did not care for their brethren individually or for the church as a body.
Like disobedient soldiers who refused to march in formation with their compatriots or advance with them in battle, the disorderly people were determined to do their own thing even if it meant marching to a different drum
beat or shirking the challenges of combat. On the other hand, however, Paul
and his companions marched together in perfect step and maintained a common front against the enemy.
Not Chargeable to Anyone (verse 8). This verse suggests the manner in
which the disorderly brethren were acting improperly. Evidently, they were
not providing for the material needs of their families. Why that was the case
is not clear, but it seems as if they used the imminent return of Jesus as an
excuse. If Jesus were likely to return at any time, so they seemed to reason,
there was no need to try to acquire or accumulate any material possessions;
however, other members of the church had to provide the disorderly believers
and their families with the necessities of life. These conclusions can be
gleaned from the fact that Paul described his conduct as being just the opposite. He and his companions did not eat anyones food free of charge (for
nought). To provide for their food and lodging, the missionaries worked diligently so they would not have to depend on others to supply what they needed. The word wrought speaks of intense toil or labor. Paul and his associates
worked day and night when necessary so they could continue to preach and

teach freely in Thessalonica. The Greek term for chargeable essentially
means burdensome. Paul made certain that his physical needs were not a
burden for any of the Thessalonian saints.
Apostolic Authority Not Used (verse 9). As an apostle, Paul could have
insisted that the church in Thessalonica provide material support for himself
and his missionary companions. The Greek word for power in this verse is
exousia, which means authority. Paul did not use his authority in Thessalonica, nor did he in Corinth (1 Cor. 9:1-6; 2 Cor. 11:7-9). He did not want anyone to be able to accuse him of being a parasite or sponger. Although he chose
to live independently of the people to whom he ministered at the time, he
taught them that they were obligated to support their pastors. He himself
accepted offerings from other churches which freed him from having to work
so much at secular labor, thus giving him more time to minister to the spiritual needs of the people. The Greek word for ensample is tupos, from which
we get the term type. The basic sense of this term is an imprint or impression.
If the imprint or impression has been made clearly, it will reflect accurately
the item that was imprinted. Similarly, if the disorderly members of the
church in Thessalonica had followed Pauls example, they would not have
needed to depend upon other people for the necessities of life, but they would
have provided for themselves and their families.
Thursday, August 26
THE APOSTOLIC EXHORTATION
Lesson 13
Labor is not demeaning to human beings. It is demeaning if one can work

but refuses to do so. Adam was entrusted with responsibilities even before he
sinned (Gen. 2:15). Human beings have always been expected by God to provide for their needs unless they are physically or mentally unable to do so.
Provide for Ones Own Needs (verse 10). Apparently, the problem of
freeloaders in the church at Thessalonica was not a recent one. During the
brief time in which Paul ministered in that city, he taught against the practice of abusing the charity of fellow-believers. Evidently, some, if not all, of the
early churches maintained benevolent funds from which needy people could
be provided with money, food or other necessities. The first church seemingly
had a common fund for benevolent purposes (Acts 2:44, 45; 4:34-37). Such a
resource probably provided the means for that churchs ministry to its widows (Acts 6:1). Many years later, the church which Timothy served as pastor
had a fund for those who were widows indeed, that is, widows who had no
other means of support (1 Tim. 5:3-10). Most likely, a benevolent fund had
been established in the church at Thessalonica, and those whom Paul
charged with walking disorderly were drawing upon those resources to obtain
food and other necessities of life. Pauls dictum, if any would not work, nei-
ther should he eat, has become

widely known far beyond relianna
gious and theological circles. It
Work NotEat Not (2 Thessalonians
is a principle that has been rec3:10): When sin entered the human family,
ognized in every place, in every
God ordained that in the sweat of thy face
society and in every generation.
shalt thou eat bread (Gen. 3:19). But many
have used ingenious means to circumvent
Idle Busybodies (verse 11).
this divine decree. Though Paul worked
Pauls suspicions about the disfor (preached to) the Thessalonians, he did
orderly brethren in Thessalonica
not expect them to pay his expenses. He
were confirmed by a report
did not want them to think that he was
which had been given to him.
preaching as a means of livelihood.
That word probably had been
There were some in the membership
who were busybodies, not working.
passed on to the apostle by TimThey were leeches on society, though physothy. In his first epistle to the
ically able to work. These may have been
church at Thessalonica, Paul
followers of the false teaching concerning
had alluded to the problem
the immediacy of Christs return. Paul
caused by the loafers and slacksaid, That if any would not work, neither
ers (1 Thess. 4:11, 12). (See comshould he eat. A church has an obligation
ments on these verses in Lesson
to help those in need, but those who will
not help themselves are not included.
9.) When he dispatched Timothy
back to Thessalonica with the
first letter, Paul may have instructed his
associate to notice particularly if the probBusybodies: this is one who
lem of freeloading persisted. Upon rejoining
does his best to be about the
Paul, Timothy most certainly would have
business of others. One of the
updated the apostle on the matter. The last
worst acts of Christians
toward another person is this
part of this verse, working not at all, but
act of seeking to know their
are busybodies, is unique in the Greek lanaffairs. A busybody is a person
guage. It describes a paradox, a situation
who seems to have much to
that seems contradictory. A literal rendition
do and can accomplish nothing
of that expression is not working, but workbecause of the interest in the
ing around. Although the disorderly
business of others. God help us
brethren were idle (working not at all) in
not to be one. Word Study
regard to working on a job or making a liv#4020.
ing, they were entirely too busy in trying to
attend to other peoples business (they were
busybodies). Since those loafers were idle, they had too much time on their
hands, and they used their time unwisely and unprofitably.
Less Noise, More Work (verse 12). Those whom Paul addressed in this
verse were the disorderly busybodies in the church at Thessalonica. The apostles directive to them was described as both a command and an exhortation.
The term command was discussed in the comments on verse 4. The Greek
word for exhort is from the same root as the words for beseech, comfort and
consolation, all of which convey the ideas of aiding and assisting. Although a
rebuke might be included in exhortation, the primary reason for exhorting is

to give encouragement. The things which Paul told the disorderly busybodies
were not issued by his own initiative but by the guidance and direction of
Jesus Himself. Those people needed to stop their busyness and get busy
working, and they needed to do so with quietness. Evidently, they were
using much of their idle time to gossip and otherwise cause disturbances
among the membership of the Thessalonian congregation. That they were to
eat their own bread suggests that their food had been provided by others,
probably through the churchs benevolent fund. What the apostle told the disorderly busybodies was that they needed to make less noise and get involved
in some positive, productive endeavors.
Friday, August 27
THE NEED FOR GENTLE FIRMNESS
Lesson 13
Having described the action which the church at Thessalonica needed to

take in disciplining the disorderly busybodies, Paul turned his attention in
this passage to some exhortations to the members of the congregation to help
them keep everything in the proper perspective.
Dont Give Up (verse 13). In this verse the apostle addressed the members of the Thessalonian church who were not acting disorderly, but were
serving God faithfully and maintaining a positive Christian testimony to the
world. Paul urged them to continue doing as they had done. The expression,
be not weary, is from a word that is also rendered as faint (2 Cor. 4:1, 16).
Technically speaking, to faint is to lose consciousness temporarily due to
reduced blood flow to the brain. Figuratively speaking, the word fainting
speaks of a loss of will power, resolve and endurance. Paul exhorted the Thessalonian saints not to give up or become discouraged. The term well doing
speaks of things which are fitting, proper, wholesome and appropriate. Those
believers in Thessalonica who were not walking disorderly needed to continue with their good deeds and not allow the misdeeds of their brethren to discourage them. Moreover, they needed to brace themselves for the challenging
task of exercising church discipline, and once the process had begun they
needed to stay with it until it was finished. What the faithful saints in Thessalonica were doing and would be called upon to do might not be easy or
pleasant, but those matters were certainly essential.
Do Not Compromise (verse 14). In this verse the members of the church
in Thessalonica were confronted with the moment of truth. The disorderly
brethren were to be told that their conduct was not acceptable and presumably given an opportunity to repent of their sins and demonstrate that they
had changed their ways. If such were indeed the case, then the patient waiting which Paul mentioned in verse 5 would be necessary. The churchs dealings with its wayward members were not to be hasty, but by the same token,

they were to be carried out. The procedures
Admonish: this word means to
by which these matters were to be accomwarn or exhort. The concept
plished are not explained, but it seems that
comes from the alerting of the
an orderly, deliberate approach was to be
mind.We should love people
taken. (Compare 1 Corinthians 14:40.) The
enough to alert them to the
fact that the apostle specifically mentioned
sins and dangers of the world.
the epistle in which he had set forth the
When someone is wrong, it
takes strong love to warn him
instructions for disciplining the disorderly
of the danger. Word Study
brethren indicates that the letter was to be
#3560.
regarded as an authoritative message from
God. The purpose for the discipline which
was to be administered was not punitive, but redemptive. Paul was hopeful
that those who were disciplined would realize the error of their ways and be
ashamed sufficiently to repent and seek the forgiveness of God and the members of the church. (Compare 2 Corinthians 2:6-8.)
Do Not Overreact (verse 15). In regard to church discipline, there are
two extreme positions. On the one hand, some congregations are so reluctant
to exercise discipline that they rarely, if ever, do so. The result of this is that
discipline is generally seldom administered, even when there is such a glaring need to do so that the churchs failure in such a matter results in a loss of
prestige and standing in the eyes of the community. On the other hand, some
congregations have been too eager to exercise discipline and have done so too
harshly. Instead of disciplining in love with the sincere hope of bringing the
erring member to repentance and restoration in fellowship, actions have been
taken which have engendered hard feelings, divided congregations and given
the cause of Christ a black eye, a distasteful savor and a bad name in the community. Each case of church discipline should be handled carefully, deliberately and prayerfully. Congregations should always remember that they are
dealing with people who are brethren, or who at least claim to be fellowbelievers in Jesus Christ. If one who is disciplined is really a sheep and not a
goat, he will want to return to the fold with the other sheep.
Saturday, August 28
THE BENEDICTION OF PEACE
Lesson 13
After dealing with the unpleasant matter of church discipline, Paul closed
this epistle on a positive, gracious note. These verses provide a calm and
serene conclusion to a letter which includes several stern and turbulent passages. The grace of God makes possible the peace of God.
The Lord of Peace (verse 16). Paul mentioned three noteworthy things
in this verse.
The Lord of peace. This title indicates that God is the source of peace. True
peace originates with Him, and He grants peace when it is properly sought.
In its simplest sense, peace is the absence of strife. In the fullest sense, peace

speaks of wholeness and wholesomeness. There is peace with God in salvation
(Rom. 5:1), and through submission to Him believers enjoy the peace of God
(Phil. 4:6, 7).
The gift of peace. Pauls prayer for peace was most likely a desire that there
would be peace within the congregation. Because of the disorderly brethren in
Thessalonica, there likely had been numerous complaints and criticisms
expressed. Quite possibly, a general sense of unrest permeated the church. By
administering discipline properly, peace could be restored among the membership.
Gods abiding presence. The abiding presence of God is a guide and a guard
in all the paths into which believers are led and a comfort in every situation
that might confront us. No matter what our circumstances might be, He will
be with us to supply our needs and to sustain us in all our ordeals. The divine
promise, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee (Heb. 13:5), is valid even
today.
The Apostolic Authentication (verse 17). It seems as if Paul ordinarily
dictated his epistles to someone
who served as a stenographer
anna
for him. An exception to that
Be Not a Forgery (2 Thessalonians 3:17):
practice might have been the
Apparently Paul dictated this epistle, perletter to the churches in Galatia,
haps to Timothy, but to assure the Thessaas suggested by the reference to
lonians of the genuineness of the authorthe large letter[s] in which
ship, Paul wrote verses 17 and 18 with his
that epistle was written by the
own hand and signed it with his personal
apostles own hand (Gal. 6:11).
signature. An allusion to why he felt this
necessary may be found in 2 ThessaloniThe person who penned the
ans 2:2. An epistle had been circulated
epistle of 2 Thessalonians might
claiming to be from Paul saying that the
have been either Timothy or
return of Christ was at hand. Paul thus
Silas. In closing this letter Paul
assured that this epistle was truly from
apparently took the quill and
him.
wrote this verseand possibly
This, also may be a warning to presentverse 18 as wellin his own
day churches that they should prove
everything by the Bible, irrespective of
handwriting to authenticate
who may have spoken it or written
that the epistle was indeed from
it.There are many false prophets (preachhim. Evidently, it was not
ers and teachers) in the realm of religion.
uncommon in those days for
individuals, purporting to be
some well-known teacher or leader, to write letters to the early churches, a
problem which Paul acknowledged by his reference to an alleged epistle from
him to the church in Thessalonica regarding the day of the Lord (2 Thess.
2:2). Although Paul claimed that his signature was the token (literally, sign)
in each of his epistles, there are only three other epistles in which the apostle specifically referred to his signature (1 Cor. 16:21; Col. 4:18; Philemon 19).
In his other letters, the apostle evidently wrote something else, possibly a
benediction regarding the grace of God, to authenticate the epistle. (See com-
Token: the word means sign or

mark. Paul used a sign to let
people know that he had written a letter.The token he used
is found in verse 18. Paul
ended his letter with a statement like the one found in
verse 18.This token or sign
could be distinguished from
others. Word Study #4592.
Manna
Amen (2 Thessalonians 3:18): The word

amen is used at the end of all Christian
prayer. It means so be it, or so may it
be. It is said to be used in many languages. It first appears in the Scriptures in
Numbers 5:22, where the accused wife
affirmed her fidelity to her husband. It
appears at the end of the prayer Jesus
taught His disciples (Matt. 6:13). Jesus
used it to affirm the fact of His eternality
(Rev. 1:18). John closed the inspired record
with Amen. Such is a fitting close, meaning, it is truth, and so may it stand without
change.
Often others in the presence of the person offering a prayer, may say Amen,
meaning I agree or accept this as my
prayer, too.
ments on 1 Thessalonians 5:28,

Lesson 10.)
The Grace of Jesus Christ
(verse 18). Having expounded
some wonderful truths intermingled with appropriate praise and
necessary rebuke, Paul commended the members of the
church in Thessalonica to the
grace of Jesus Christ, thus closing this epistle in essentially the same manner in which he had concluded the
first one to that congregation. As those saints had been saved by grace, so
they would learn that grace would be sufficient for all their needs and endeavors. Grace is the spring and source of all benefits received from God. Consequently, the Christian life begins, proceeds and ends through divine grace.
This marvelous truth was underscored by the fact that the apostle Paul began
and concluded each of his epistles with references to grace. Gods grace is free,
universal, all-sufficient and provided through the atoning merits of Jesus
Christ. The fact that Paul specifically mentioned you all in this benediction
should have reminded each of the members of the Thessalonian congregation
that even those who were walking disorderly, if they were true believers, were
recipients of divine grace and continued to be among its beneficiaries.
Lesson 13
PATIENTLY AWAITING THE RETURN
OF CHRIST
Conclusion
Scriptural churches have always had to contend with error. One of the original twelve was an unsaved man, and Satan has led people astray in every
place and in every generation since then. The church at Thessalonica had to
deal with both doctrinal and disciplinary problems. The apostle Paul cautioned that congregation to be patient in addressing errors even as those
saints patiently awaited the return of Christ. Such a commendable demeanor
was made possible through the abiding grace of Jesus Christ.
144 / Bibliography
Bibliography
Barclay, William. The Letters of James and Peter. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960.
Barclay, William. The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians and Thessalonians. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1959.
Beacon Bible Commentary. Vol. 9. Galatians-Philemon. Kansas City, MO:
Beacon Hill Press, 1965.
Beacon Bible Commentary. Vol. 10. Hebrews-Revelation. Kansas City, MO:
Beacon Hill Press, 1967.
Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand
Rapids. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1985.
The Englishmans Greek Concordance to the New Testament. 9th Edition.
London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, Ltd., [n.d.].
Excell, Joseph S., Ed. The Biblical Illustrator. 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1955.
Henry, Matthew. Matthew Henrys Commentary. Vol. 6. Acts-Revelation.
Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Co., [n.d.].
The Interpreters Bible. Vol. 11. Philippians-Hebrews. Nashville: Abingdon
Press, 1978.
The Interpreters Bible. Vol. 12. James-Revelation. Nashville: Abingdon
Press, 1978.
Ironside, H. A. Expository Notes on the Epistles of James and Peter. Neptune,
NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, Inc., 1947.
Kelly, Balmer H., Ed. The Laymans Bible Commentary. Vol. 23. 1 Thessalonians-Philemon. Richmond, VA: John Knox Press, 1976.
Lockyer, Herbert. All the Books and Chapters of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1966.
McGee, J. Vernon. Through the Bible with J. Vernon McGee. Vol. 5. 1
Corinthians-Revelation. Pasadena, CA: Thru the Bible Radio, 1983.
Smith, William. Smiths Bible Dictionary. Revised Edition. Philadelphia: A. J.
Holman Co., [n.d.].
Young, Robert. Youngs Analytical Concordance to the Bible. 22nd American
Edition, Revised. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., [n.d.].

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Lesson Commentary

Controlling the Tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Reputation of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Review of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Characteristics of a Model Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Rapture of the Saints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Responsibilities of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

The Day of Vengeance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

The Day of the Lord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Patiently Awaiting the Return of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

About the Writers

Charles Law was reared in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where

Brother Terry Parrish was born and raised in McDougal,

The Book of James

For Sunday, June 6, 2004

The epistle of James is concerned with the everyday application of the

THE TEST OF FAITH

Most Christians become discouraged by trials; however, James affirms that

On the surface it may seem as if these verses have little or nothing to do

Circumstance Does Not

HOW TO ENDURE TEMPTATION

Previously, James referred to temptation in the sense of testing or trial. In

rors were made of highly polished metal rather than glass

a religion of deception. This is

For Sunday, June 13, 2004

THE SIN OF SNOBBERY

Class distinctions have always existed in society; however, God is not

ity are hateful enough when

In support of his argument that faith is to be demonstrated by good works,

his justification in the eyes of

For Sunday, June 20, 2004

Controlling the Tongue

Controlling the Tongue / 29

James began his discussion of Christian speech by emphasizing the

Controlling the Tongue / 31

THE UNTAMABLE TONGUE

A tongue that is out of control can cause extensive damage, especially in

Iniquity: the words for sin are

Controlling the Tongue / 33

Having emphasized that the tongue is impossible to control through

Controlling the Tongue / 35

laid down in this verse. Envying

Controlling the Tongue / 37

For Sunday, June 27, 2004

REASONS FOR UNANSWERED PRAYER

For Sunday, July 4, 2004

ers will be inflicted through

James included this passage in his epistle as an encouragement to those

the meantime there must be adequate rainfall which James

Grudge: this word is used in the

To encourage his readers to maintain a faithful testimony despite the

Regardless of ones experiences in the Christian life, the proper response

In the preceding passage James emphasized the importance of prayer,

The Books of First

For Sunday, July 11, 2004

Reputation of the Church

If ever a church had a shaky beginning, it was the church at Thessalonica;

The church was in the Lord

Reputation of the Church / 63

Reputation of the Church / 65

Reputation of the Church / 67

Reputation of the Church / 69

Waiting for His Son (1 Thessalonians

The members of the church in Thessalonica were fervent and faithful in