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If an organisation has 12,000 employees and the researcher is able to interview 250 the probability of inclusion in the
sample is?
a) 1 in 96.
b) 1 in 20.
c) 1 in 48.
d) 1 in 250.
Simple random sampling assumes that each member of the population has an equal probability of inclusion
in the sample. The probability is calculated via a sampling fraction with the total population being divided by
the sample size.
Question 04
If a researcher wishes to obtain a nationally representative sample of trade union members but does not have the
resources to travel long distances what method of sampling could they use?
a) Stratified random sampling.
b) Multi-stage cluster sampling.
c) Simple random sampling.
d) Snowball sampling.
Multi-stage cluster sampling allows interviewers to concentrate their research more than simple random or
stratified sampling.
Question 05
Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when thinking about their sample size?
a) Time and cost.
b) Non-response.
c) Length of questionnaire.
d) Heterogeneity of population.
In general bigger is better when considering sample size however all researchers need to be aware of the
limitations of their resources.
Question 06
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Which of the following is not a benefit of snowball sampling?
a) It can be used when there is difficulty in creating a sampling frame.
b) It is always representative of the population.
c) It can be used within a qualitative research strategy.
d) It can be used to reflect relationships between people by tracing connections.
Snowball sampling is unlikely to be representative of the population because of the difficulty in establishing
a sampling frame. The sampling frames that apply when snowball sampling is relevant are usually fluid and
constantly shifting.
Question 08
c) Action research.
d) Ethnographic research.
Commercial research and political opinion polling are other types of research that use quota sampling.
Question 09
The findings from a study of decision making processes within a UK financial services company can be generalized
to:
a) decision making processes in all financial services companies.
b) decision making processes in the all UK companies.
c) decision making processes in the researched companies.
d) none of the above.
Business and management researchers should be cautious of overgeneralizing findings beyond the
researched organization to alternative cultures.
Question 10
As part of survey research design the sample was selected by the HR manager. What sort of error could this lead to?
a) Sampling error.
b) Sampling related error.
c) Data collection error.
d) Data processing error.
The choices made by the HR manager may have been non-random and could also have reflected a bias on
the part of the individual making the choices.
Chapter 08
Instructions
Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your
score.
Question 01
Question 03
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Which of the following is not a disadvantage of telephone interviewing?
a) The telephone interviewer cannot use visual aids.
b) It is difficult to ascertain if the correct person is replying.
c) People who do not have access to a telephone cannot be interviewed.
d) Telephone interviews are cheap and quick to administer.
This factor is more pronounced when the sample is geographically spread.
Question 04
Question 05
Which of the following questions should come at the start of a question section on corporate social responsibility?
a) How strongly do you feel about corporate social responsibility?
b) Are you in favour of corporate social responsibility?
c) Have you heard of corporate social responsibility?
d) Why are you in favour of corporate social responsibility?
Within each section general questions should precede specific ones. If the interviewee has not heard of
corporate social responsibility the additional questions will become irrelevant.
Question 06
Critical incident technique can be used either as part of a quantitative or qualitative research strategy. It
involves interviewing respondents about particular events in order to understand their significance.
Question 08
Question 09
Question 10
Which of the following is not part of the feminist critique of structured interviewing?
a) All structured interviews are conducted with men.
b) When women interview women using this method it implies a hierarchical relationship.
c) It gives the impression of exploitation.
d) It prevents the feminist researcher from developing genuine relationships with respondents.
The feminist critique of structured interviewing has much in common with wider criticisms of quantitative
research and has led to many feminist researchers adopting a qualitative research strategy.
Chapter 09
Instructions
Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your
score.
Question 01
Which of the following is not an advantage of the self-completion questionnaire over the structured interview?
a) It is cheaper to administer.
b) It is quicker to administer.
c) It is easier to prompt the interviewee.
d) It is easier to remove interviewer effects.
Because the self-completion questionnaire is completed without the researcher present it is not possible for
them to assist respondents who are struggling to understand a specific question.
Question 02
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What should the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate?
Which of the following is likely to happen if clear instructions are not given as how the respondent should answer the
question?
a) Respondents may delete inappropriate answers rather than select appropriate ones.
b) Respondents may choose only one answer when they need to choose as many as apply.
c) Respondents may complete questions that are not relevant to them.
d) All of the above.
Clear instructions are vital as they allow for the respondent to move quickly and efficiently through the
questionnaire which may in turn aid response rate.
Question 08
Which of the following is not a suitable topic for research using a diary?
a) The amount of time managers spend on particular activities.
b) The frequency with which managers undertake particular tasks.
c) The locations in which a trade union representative has discussions with individual members.
d) The volume of female managers in the retail industry.
Stewart (1967) used the diary method to look at managerial time.
Question 10
Which of the following comments demonstrates a process of attrition on the part of a diary respondent?
a) 'the researcher never checks that I am completing my diary correctly'.
b) 'I can't be bothered to complete this diary anymore'.
c) 'I keep forgetting to include the number of phone calls I make each day'.
d) 'I have decided to use the diary to record all of my personal thoughts and feelings'.
There is a danger that the respondent will lose interest in completing the diary and so will fail to record
accurate data.
Chapter 10
Instructions
Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your
score.
Question 01
Question 02
Which of the following is an example of a question about normative standards and values?
a) How many workers are employed at this plant?
b) What is your attitude towards the management at this plant?
c) Do you always cast your vote in trade union elections?
d) Are you aware of the main features of the European Union Directive for informing and consulting employees?
Answer (c) is asking for the respondent to reveal a behavioural norm. These types of questions are closely
related to question about attitudes and beliefs.
Question 04
If one of your research questions is 'what role do HR Departments play in manufacturing companies?' which of the
following questions should you include in your questionnaire?
a) Does your organisation manufacture red cars or blue cars?
b) How much corporation tax did your organisation pay in the last financial year?
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Why is it important to avoid ambiguous terms when designing questions?
a) Respondents may not understand the question.
b) Respondents may operate with a different frame of reference.
c) Respondents may think the question is less important.
d) Respondents may have to ask for help when completing the questionnaire.
An ambiguous term such as 'often' or 'management' may mean different things to different respondents.
Question 06
Question 10
Chapter 11
Instructions
Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your
score.
Question 01
Which of the following is not an example of a problem with using social survey research to investigate behaviour?
a) Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.
b) Respondents may inadvertently omit key terms in the question.
c) Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening question.
d) Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely to be identified.
An advantage of social survey research is that the researcher can ensure that the anonymity of the
respondent is maintained by administering the same questions to each individual.
Question 02
In Mintzberg's (1973) study of managerial work, structured data were collected by which method?
a) A mail record which described each piece of mail and the action taken to respond to it.
b) A travel record which described the number of times a manager travelled between regional offices.
c) A lunch record which described the time managers took for lunch breaks.
d) A banter record which described all of the informal humorous conversations managers had with subordinates.
Mintzberg also used a chronology record and a contact record during his study of managers. These
described that activity patterns and the verbal contact of managers.
Question 04
Which of the following is a strategy for observing the behaviour of a bank manager in a structured fashion?
a) A daily observation of their morning briefing to the branch.
b) Observations of their interactions with customers.
c) Four observations during the day lasting twenty-five minutes each.
d) Observation of all filing conducted by the manager each day.
By spacing observations throughout the day it is more likely that the observer will be able to ensure the
generalizability of the research into bank managers.
Question 06
Following Martin & Bateson (1986) an observation of a specific individual for a set period of time is an example of:
a) scan sampling.
b) focal sampling.
c) ad libitum sampling.
d) behaviour sampling.
Focal sampling involves the observer recording all examples of whatever forms of behaviour are under
review.
Question 07
Which issues can be observed more effectively during an organisational simulation than in a 'real' organizational
setting?
Chapter 12
Instructions
Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your
score.
Question 01
What is the first stage of sampling when conducting a content analysis on media reports?
a) Record all television news programmes for a week.
b) Define which part of the media is going to be analysed.
c) Assess the timescales within which you are going to select texts.
d) Identify how each variable will be coded.
It is important when undertaking a content analysis of the mass media that the first task undertaken, when
identifying a sample, is which type of media will the research focus upon.
Question 04
The coding manual is sometimes referred to as the content analysis dictionary. It is a statement of
instructions to coders that specifies the categories that will be used to classify the text.
Question 07
What must a researcher be aware of when using a term such as management in a coding scheme?
a) Potential confusion because the term management can have different meanings.
b) Potential confusion because management does not form one single unit of analysis.
c) Potential confusion because management has different meaning in different languages.
d) All of the above.
Because a term such as management can have different meanings it is vital that a coding scheme is clear
about the manner in which it is to be used.
Question 08
d. None of these
Q5 Which method can be applicable for collecting qualitative data?
a. Artifacts (Visual)
b. People
c. Media products ( Textual, Visual and sensory)
d. All of these
Q6 Which of the following is non-probability sampling?
a. Snowball
b. Random
c. Cluster
d. Stratified
Q7 In group interview their are _______
a. One interviewer and one interviewee
b. More than one interviewer and one interviewee
c. One interviewer and more than one interviewee
d. More than One interviewer and more than one interviewee
Q8 Which of the following are associated with behavioral observation?
a. Non-verbal analysis
b. Linguistic analysis
c. Spatial analysis
d. All of these
Q9 Uniting various qualitative methods with quantitative methods can be called as........
a. Coalesce
b. Triangulation
c. Bipartite
d. Impassive
Q10 Multistage sampling is a ________
a. Probability sampling
b. Non-Probability sampling
Answer Key:
1-d
2-a
3-a
4-c
5-d
6-a
7-c
8-d
9-b
10-a
25. A research plan _____. a. Should be detailed b. Should be given to others for
review and comments c. Sets out the rationale for a research study d. All of the
above 26. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies a. The
research participants b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of
interest c. The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study d. The
planned research procedures e. a, c and d 27. The Introduction section of the
research plan a. Gives an overview of prior relevant studies b. Contains a statement
of the purpose of the study c. Concludes with a statement of the research questions
and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis d. All of the above
28. According to your text, which of the following is not a source of research ideas?
a. Everyday life b. Practical issues c. Past research d. Theory e. All of the above ARE
sources of research ideas Answers: 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. d 10. b 11.
d 12. d 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. d 18. e 19. a 20. b 21. d 22. b 23. d 24. b 25. d 26.
e 27. d 28. e