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While PBSD has yet to be fully developed, it is expected to be used in future building codes to provide a
methodology to more reliably predict seismic risk in all buildings in terms more useful to building owners
and building users.
Under the ASCE 7-10 seismic design provisions, there exist implied performance levels as demonstrated
by Figure 2.1. For example, Risk Category II (i.e., Ie = 1.0) structures designed to ASCE 7-10 provisions
are expected to meet the following performance levels:
Collapse prevention for MCER ground motions
Life-safety for Design ground motions (i.e., 2/3 MCER)
Immediate occupancy for Frequent ground motions (i.e. , ~ 50% in 50 years / 100 year return
interval)
Risk Category IV (i.e., Ie = 1.5) structures designed to ASCE 7-10 provisions are expected to meet the
following performance levels:
Life-safety for MCER ground motions
Immediate occupancy for Design ground motions (i.e., 2/3 MCER)
Operational for Frequent ground motions
Similarly, Risk Category III (i.e., Ie = 1.25) structures designed to ASCE 7-10 provisions are expected to
meet performance levels that fall between the Risk Category IV and Risk Category II structures as shown
in Figure 2.1 below.
Figure 2.1 Risk Category vs. Ground Motion
1-22
4-10-14
IBC 1613.3.3
SMS & SM1 represent the site class adjusted MCER spectral response acceleration parameters at short
periods and at 1-second period respectively, and are determined by the following equations:
SMS = Fa SS
IBC (16-37)
SM1 = Fv S1
IBC (16-38)
where:
Fa = Site coefficient per IBC Table 1613.3.3(1)
Fv = Site coefficient per IBC Table 1613.3.3(2)
Site coefficient Fa is function of the Site Class and the short period mapped spectral response acceleration
parameter (SS). Site coefficient Fv is a function of the Site Class and the 1-second period mapped spectral
response acceleration parameter (S1).
Fa & Fv are based on the results of empirical analyses of strong-motion data and analytical studies of site
response. In general, softer soils exhibit greater amplification of earthquake ground motions than stiffer
soils, and that amplification can be even more significant for longer period (e.g., taller) structures than for
shorter period structures (e.g., Fv values are greater than Fa values for Site Class C, D & E).
Design Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters
IBC 1613.3.4
SDS & SD1 represent the 5% damped design spectral response acceleration parameters at short periods and
at 1-second period respectively and they are determined by the following equations:
SDS = 2/3 SMS
IBC (16-39)
IBC (16-40)
NOTE: Table 3.2 (p. 1-33) and Table 3.3 (p. 1-34) are provided as short cut procedures in determining
SDS & SD1 respectively when SS, S1 & Site Class are known (Site Class D may be assumed unless given).
Figure 3.1 Design Response Spectrum
where:
TS
S D1
S DS
T0 0.2TS
TL = per ASCE 7
Figure 22-12
1-31
IBC 1613.3.5.1
Where S1 < 0.75, the Seismic Design Category is permitted to be determined from IBC Table 1613.3.5(1)
alone (i.e, using SDS only) when all of the following apply:
Ta < 0.8 TS in each of the two orthogonal directions, and
the fundamental period of the structure used to calculate the story drift - T < TS in each of
the two orthogonal directions, and
S
ASCE 7 (12.8-2) is used to determine the seismic response coefficient CS DS , and
(R Ie )
The diaphragms are rigid (per ASCE 7 12.3.1) or for diaphragms that are flexible, the
distance between vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) 40 feet
Simplified Design Procedure
IBC 1613.3.5.2
Where the alternate Simplified Design Procedure of ASCE 7 12.14 is used, the Seismic Design
Category shall be determined in accordance with ASCE 7.
ASCE 7 Chapter 11
Scope
ASCE 7 - 11.1.2
Every structure (e.g., buildings and nonbuilding structures), and portion thereof, including nonstructural
components, shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions as prescribed by
the seismic requirements of ASCE 7.
Applicability
ASCE 7 - 11.1.3
Structures and their nonstructural components shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
requirements of the following chapters based on the type of structure or component:
Buildings: ASCE 7 Chapter 12
Nonbuilding Structures: ASCE 7 Chapter 15
Nonstructural Components: ASCE 7 Chapter 13
Seismically Isolated Structures: ASCE 7 Chapter 17
Structures with Damping Systems: ASCE 7 Chapter 18
Seismic Importance Factor, Ie
ASCE 7 - 11.5.1
Each structure shall be assigned an importance factor (Ie) in accordance with ASCE 7 Table 1.5-2
based on the Risk Category of the building (or other structure) from IBC Table 1604.5.
Risk Category I
Risk Category II
Risk Category III (high occupancy)
Risk Category IV (essential facilities)
I = 1.0
I = 1.0
I = 1.25*
I = 1.5*
The seismic importance factor (Ie) is used in the Seismic Response Coefficient (CS) equations with the
intent to raise the yield level for important structures (e.g., hospitals, fire stations, emergency operation
centers, hazardous facilities, etc.).
Use of an importance factor greater than one is intended to provide for a lower inelastic demand on a
structure which should result in lower levels of structural and nonstructural damage.
1-36
4.9
ASCE 7 12.8
ASCE 7 12.8.1
The seismic base shear in a given direction shall be determined in accordance with the following:
V C SW
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
Figure 4.12 Seismic Base Shear
ASCE 7 12.8.1.1
CS
S DS
(R Ie )
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-2) will always governs when T TS which typically occurs with low rise and/or
short period structures (i.e., 3 stories).
CS need not exceed the following:
CS
S D1
for T TL
T (R Ie )
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-3) typically governs for longer period structures when TS T TL but CS
minimum per ASCE 7 (12.8-5) and (12.8-6) need to be considered.
CS
S D1TL
for T > TL
T (R Ie )
2
ASCE 7 (12.8-4)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-4) can apply for very long period (i.e., very tall) structures, when T > TL but CS
minimum per ASCE 7 (12.8-5) and (12.8-6) will typically govern over ASCE 7 (12.8-4).
1-54
IBC 1605.2
All applicable Strength Design (SD or LRFD) load combinations must be considered since the most
critical load effect may occur when one or more of the contributing loads (e.g., D, E, L, Lr, S ) are not
acting.
IBC 1605.2.1
Where Strength Design (or Load and Resistance Factor Design) is used, structures and portions thereof
shall be designed to resist the most critical effects resulting from the equations of IBC 1605.2.1.
There are a total of seven SD/LRFD basic load combinations equations in the IBC. Only the two load
combinations which include the earthquake load (E) are noted below:
1.2(D + F) + 1.0E + f1L + 1.6H + f2S
or (1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + QE + f1L + f2S when F = 0 & H = 0
IBC (16-5)
IBC (16-7)
Exception: Where other factored load combinations are specifically required by the provisions of the
IBC (i.e., Chapter 19 Concrete) such combinations shall take precedence.
Allowable Stress Design
IBC 1605.3
All applicable Allowable Stress Design (ASD) load combinations must be considered since the most
critical load effect may occur when one or more of the contributing loads (e.g., D, E, L, Lr, S ) are not
acting.
IBC 1605.3.1
Where Allowable Stress Design (or Working Stress Design) is used, structures and portions thereof
shall be designed to resist the most critical effects resulting from the equations of IBC 1605.3.1.
There are a total of nine Basic (ASD) Load Combination equations in the IBC. Only the three load
combinations which include the earthquake load (E) are noted below:
D + H + F + (0.6W or 0.7E)
or (1.0 + 0.14SDS)D + 0.7 QE when F = 0 & H = 0
IBC (16-12)
IBC (16-14)
0.6(D + F) + 0.7E + H
or (0.6 0.14SDS)D 0.7 QE when F = 0 & H = 0
IBC (16-16)
Exceptions: see IBC 1605.3.1 for exceptions to crane hook loads, to flat roof snow loads 30 psf,
roof live loads 30 psf, flat roof snow loads > 30 psf, etc.
1-75
I, II, III or IV
Ie
Ss & S1
A, B, C, D*, E or F
Fa & Fv
A*, B*, C, D, E or F
Ta
CS
V = CSW
Fx
1-78
Risk Category
Site Class
Site Coefficients
Chapter 6
Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
6.1 ASCE 7 Chapter 13 Overview
Scope
ASCE 7 13.1.1
ASCE 7 Chapter 13 establishes minimum design criteria for nonstructural components that are
permanently attached to structures, and for their supports and attachments.
A nonstructural component is a part or element of an architectural, electrical or mechanical system.
Seismic Design Category
ASCE 7 13.1.2
Nonstructural components shall be assigned to the same Seismic Design Category (SDC) as the structure
that they occupy, or to which they are attached.
Component Importance Factor, Ip
ASCE 7 13.1.3
All components shall be assigned a component importance factor (Ip), which will be equal to 1.5 or 1.0.
Use an Ip = 1.5 if any of the following conditions apply:
1. The component is required to function for life-safety purposes after an earthquake, including fire
protection sprinkler systems and egress stairways
2. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains toxic, highly toxic, or explosive
substances
3. The component is in (or attached to) a Risk Category IV structure (i.e., essential facility), and it is
needed for continued operation of the facility or its failure could impair the continued operation of
the facility
4. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains hazardous substances
All other components shall be assigned an Ip = 1.0
Exemptions
ASCE 7 13.1.4
The following nonstructural components are exempt from the requirements of ASCE 7 Chapter 13:
1. Furniture (except storage cabinets > 5 feet tall)
2. Temporary or movable equipment
3. Architectural components in SDC = B (other than parapets supported by bearing walls or shear
walls) provided Ip = 1.0
4. Mechanical and electrical components in SDC = B
5. Mechanical and electrical components in SDC = C provided that Ip = 1.0
6. Mechanical and electrical components in SDC = D, E, or F where Ip = 1.0, the component is
positively attached to the structure, flexible connections are provided between component and
associated ductwork, piping, and conduit and either:
Component weighs 400 lbs and has a C.M. located 4 feet above the adjacent floor
level; or
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
1-81
Section Reference
Mechanical Components
Electrical Components
Component Supports
Utility and Service Lines
HVAC Ductwork
Piping Systems
Boilers and Pressure Vessels
Elevator & Escalator Design Requirements
Other Mechanical & Electrical Components
ASCE 7 13.6.3
ASCE 7 13.6.4
ASCE 7 13.6.5
ASCE 7 13.6.6
ASCE 7 13.6.7
ASCE 7 13.6.8
ASCE 7 13.6.9
ASCE 7 13.6.10
ASCE 7 13.6.11
ASCE 7 12.11
ASCE 7 12.11.1
Structural walls and their anchorage shall be designed for a force normal to the surface (e.g., out-of-plane)
equal to:
Fp 0.4S DS I eWw
0.10 Ww minimum
Figure 6.2 Out-of-Plane Forces on Structural Walls
ASCE 7 12.11.2
ASCE 7 12.11.2.1
The anchorage of structural walls to supporting construction (e.g., roof or floor diaphragms) shall provide
a direct connection capable of resisting the following:
Fp 0.4 S DS K a I eW p
ASCE 7 (12.11-1)
0.2 K a I eW p minimum
where:
K a 1 .0
Lf
2.0 maximum
100
Fp = the design force in the individual anchors
ASCE 7 (12.11-2)
Where the anchorage is not located at the roof and all diaphragms are not flexible, the value from ASCE 7
(12.11-1) is permitted to be multiplied by (1 + 2z/h) / 3, where z is the height of the anchor above the base
of the structure and h is the height of the roof above the base (e.g., h = hn).
NOTE: Structural walls shall be designed to resist bending between anchors where anchor spacing
exceeds 4 feet (i.e., purlin anchors > 4-0 o.c.).
Refer to Figure 6.3 below for examples of the Lf and Ka values that would be appropriate to determine the
wall anchorage force for the structural walls on each wall line depicted for Building A & Building B.
Figure 6.3 Wall Anchorage Examples
a. Building A
1-88
b. Building B
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
The following values of Lf and Ka would apply for structural wall anchorage for Building A shown in
Figure 6.3a (Building A) As Flexible Diaphragm:
Wall anchorage for line A & B: Lf = 150 feet Ka = 2.0 maximum
Wall anchorage for line 1 & 2: Lf = 80 feet Ka = 1.8
As Rigid Diaphragm:
Wall anchorage for ALL lines: Lf = 0 feet Ka = 1.0
The following values of Lf and Ka would apply for structural wall anchorage for Building B shown in
Figure 6.3b (Building B) As Flexible Diaphragm:
Wall anchorage for line A & B (line 1 to 2): Lf = 100 feet Ka = 2.0
Wall anchorage for line A & B (line 2 to 3): Lf = 50 feet Ka = 1.5
Wall anchorage for line 1, 2 & 3: Lf = 80 feet Ka = 1.8
As Rigid Diaphragm:
Wall anchorage for ALL lines: Lf = 0 feet Ka = 1.0
Additional Requirements for SDC = C, D, E, or F
ASCE 7 12.11.2.2
Diaphragms for structures assigned to SDC = C, D, E, or F shall meet the following additional
requirements:
1. Transfer of Anchorage Forces -
Diaphragms shall be provided with continuous ties (or struts) between diaphragm chords to
distribute these anchorage forces into the diaphragm(s)
Diaphragm connections shall be positive, mechanical, or welded
Added chords are permitted to be used to form subdiaphragms (see p. 1-150) to transmit
the anchorage forces to the main continuous cross-ties
The maximum length-to-width ratio of the structural subdiaphragm shall be 2.5 to 1
Connections and anchorages capable of resisting the prescribed forces shall be provided
between the diaphragm and the attached components
Connections shall extend into the diaphragm a sufficient distance to develop the force
transferred into the diaphragm
2. Steel Elements - the strength design forces for steel elements (i.e., purlin anchors), with the
exception of anchor bolts and reinforcing steel, shall be increased by 1.4 times the forces
otherwise required by ASCE 7 12.11 (i.e., use 1.4 Fp anchorage force for strap purlin anchors)
3. Wood Diaphragms -
1-89
ASCE 7 12.8.1
When the fundamental period is greater than or equal to 0.06 second (i.e., T 0.06 second), the
seismic base shear in a given direction shall be determined in accordance with the following:
V CSW
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
ASCE 7 12.8.1.1
CS
S DS
(R Ie )
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-2) typically governs for nonbuilding structures, when T < TS
CS need not exceed the following:
CS
S D1
for T TL
T (R I )
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
CS
S D1TL
for T > TL
T (R Ie )
ASCE 7 (12.8-4)
and
2
ASCE 7 (15.4-1)
In addition, for nonbuilding structures where S1 0.6 CS shall not be less than:
CS
0.8S1
* minimum
(R Ie )
ASCE 7 (15.4-2)
*NOTE: See ASCE 7 15.4.1, item 2 for an exception for Tanks and Vessels.
1-101
ASCE 7 12.3.1
The structural analysis shall consider the relative stiffnesses of diaphragms (floor and/or roof), and the
vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system (e.g., shear walls, braced frames, moment frames).
Unless a diaphragm can be idealized as either flexible or rigid the structural analysis shall explicitly
include consideration of the stiffness of the diaphragm (i.e., semi-rigid modeling assumption).
Flexible Diaphragm Condition
ASCE 7 12.3.1.1
Diaphragms constructed of untopped steel decking (i.e., metal deck without concrete fill) or wood
structural panels (WSP) are permitted to be idealized as flexible if any of the following conditions exist:
Structures where the vertical elements are steel braced frames; steel and concrete composite
braced frames; or concrete, masonry, steel, or steel and concrete composite shear walls
One- and two-family dwellings
Structures of light-frame construction (i.e., wood studs or metal studs) where all of the following
conditions are met:
1. Topping of concrete or similar materials is not placed over wood structural panel (WSP)
diaphragms except for nonstructural toppings 1 inches thick
2. Each line of vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) complies with
the allowable story drift of ASCE 7 Table 12.12-1
Rigid Diaphragm Condition
ASCE 7 12.3.1.2
Diaphragms of concrete slabs (or concrete filled metal deck) with span-to-depth ratios of 3 to 1 or less
(i.e., L/d 3) in structures having no horizontal irregularities are permitted to be idealized as rigid.
Calculated Flexible Diaphragm Condition
ASCE 7 12.3.1.3
Diaphragms not satisfying the conditions to be considered flexible or rigid are permitted to be idealized
as flexible where the computed maximum in-plane deflection of the diaphragm (under lateral load) is
more than two times the average story drift of adjoining vertical elements of the seismic-force-resisting
system of the associated story under equivalent tributary lateral load (see Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4 Calculated Flexible Diaphragm Condition
min
max 2 max
Diaphragm Deflection
ASCE 7 12.12.2
The deflection of the diaphragm shall not exceed the permissible deflection of the attached elements
(e.g., bearing walls) which shall be that deflection that will permit the attached element to maintain its
structural integrity under the individual loading and continue to support the prescribed loads.
1-108
Figure 8.8 below demonstrates the comparison that is often made between the analysis of a uniformly
loaded flexible diaphragm (on the left) and a uniformly loaded simply supported beam (on the right). For
the design of flexible diaphragms, the shear diagram can be used to determine the maximum unit shear at
the end supports (e.g., shear walls). The moment diagram can be used to determine the maximum chord
force, or the chord force at a specific point on the chord boundary member (see Figure 8.10, p. 1-113).
Figure 8.8 Flexible Diaphragm Loading
(Ref. 19)
1-111
The Drag Force should always be equal to zero at each end of the collector. Numerical rounding of the
calculated unit diaphragm shear and unit wall shear may result in Drag Forces that do not quite zero at
the ends of the collector.
Typically, the wall top plates (at the diaphragm boundary) are used as the chords and collectors for wood
framed stud wall construction.
Collector Elements
ASCE 7 12.10.2
Collector elements shall be provided that are capable of transferring the seismic forces originating in other
portions of the structure to the element providing resistance to those forces (e.g., shear walls, braced
frames, moment resisting frames, etc.).
Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F
ASCE 7 12.10.2.1
F H3
3EI
1 .2 F H
AG
where:
F = force at top of wall
H = height of wall to force, F
E = modulus of elasticity
G = shear modulus
A = area = t D
I = moment of inertia = t D3/12
Wall Rigidity, R
Rigidity is proportional to the reciprocal of deflection, and is essentially the relative stiffness of the lateral
resisting element (i.e., shear wall).
Masonry & concrete shear walls resist lateral loads in proportion to their Rigidities (R), therefore only
"relative rigidities" are needed.
The relative cantilever wall rigidities are determined for each shear wall using their respective H/D ratios
and Table D1 - Relative Rigidity of Cantilever Shear Walls / Piers (Appendix D, p. 5-20).
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
1-115
R1
V1 F
R1 R2
R2
V2 F
R1 R2
F H3
12 EI
1.2 F H
AG
where:
F = force at top of wall
H = height of wall to force, F
E = modulus of elasticity
G = shear modulus
A = area = t D
I = moment of inertia = t D3/12
Shear Wall with Openings
This method can be used to approximate the shear force in a particular pier when the lateral force (F ) to
the total wall is known, such as for a flexible diaphragm building. The assumption is that the lighter
shaded portion of wall above and below the openings will provide fixity of the darker shaded individual
piers. Determine the "Fixed" Rigidity (RF) of each of the individual piers using their respective H/D ratios
and Table D2 - Relative Rigidity of Fixed Shear Walls / Piers (Appendix D, p. 5-21).
Figure 8.15 Shear Wall with Fixed Piers
RF1
Force to Pier 1, F1 F
RF1 RF 2 RF 3 RF 4
1-116
where:
E E h Ev
The weight of the wall (WW) can be considered a dead load effect (D). While the weight of the wall might
be considered in the determination of the total seismic force on the shear wall (i.e., V1 + CSWW), it will not
be used to determine Ev because the dead load effect (D) does not contribute to the determination of the
calculated unit wall shear.
NOTE: The Redundancy factor () shall be considered in the design of the shear walls.
Therefore, E = E h QE V1
So the ASD calculated unit wall shear:
ASD wall
(0.7 V1 )
(units of plf)
NOTE: The equation above is used to determine the drag force, and may be used for shear wall design
when the wall weight (Ww) is not significant, not given in a problem statement, or when the diaphragm
design force (e.g., ws = fpx = Fpx / L) includes all perimeter walls of the building essentially when the
base shear (V ) is used to design the diaphragm.
Otherwise, the weight of the shear wall (Ww) can be included in the ASD calculated unit wall shear:
ASD calculated wall
(0.7)(V1 C SWW )
(units of plf)
Using the ASD calculated wall and SDPWS Table 4.3A (see Table 9.5), choose the appropriate:
The nominal unit shear capacities of SDPWS Table 4.3A will require a reduction for walls resisting
seismic loads for any individual shear wall aspect ratio that exceeds 2:1 (but is less than 3.5:1)
h/b 2:1 use nominal unit shear capacities from SDPWS Table 4.3A 3 with no reduction
2:1 < h/b 3.5:1 use nominal unit shear capacities from SDPWS Table 4.3A 3 multiplied by
2b/h
NOTE: For h/b = 3.5:1 this will result in 2b/h = 0.57, or a 43% reduction in the nominal unit shear
capacities noted in SDPWS Table 4.3A when resisting seismic loads (not wind loads).
For 2:1 < h/b 3:1 the reduction factor 2b/h will be somewhere between 1.00 and 0.57, resulting in a
0% to 43% reduction in the nominal unit wall shear values noted in SDPWS Table 4.3A when resisting
seismic loads (not wind loads).
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
1-139
NOTE: Following the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake, over 100 steel buildings with welded
moment-resisting frames were found to have beam-to-column connection fractures. Usually the fractures
initiated at the complete joint penetration weld between the beam bottom flange and the column flange.
Investigators have suggested that the fractures may be due to a number of factors such as notch effects
created by a left in place weld backing bar; sub-standard welding (excessive porosity, slag inclusions,
incomplete fusion); and/or pre-earthquake fractures due to initial shrinkage of the weld during cool-down.
In September 1994, the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) adopted an emergency
code change to the 1994 Uniform Building Code (UBC). This code change omitted the pre-qualified
connection (see Figure 10.7) and required that connections be designed to sustain inelastic rotation and
develop the strength criteria as demonstrated by cyclic testing or calculation.
In November 2000, the SAC Joint Venture finalized the welded steel moment frame issues which were
published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the following documents:
FEMA 350 Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment-Frame Buildings
FEMA 351 Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel
Moment-Frame Buildings
FEMA 352 Recommended Post-Earthquake Evaluation and Repair Criteria for Welded Steel
Moment-Frame Buildings
FEMA 353 Recommended Specifications and Quality Assurance Guidelines for Steel MomentFrame Construction for Seismic Applications
Doubler Plates
Doubler plates are sometimes added to one (or both sides) of the column web and are intended to increase
the columns web shear strength and web crippling capacity within the panel zone.
Continuity Plates
Continuity plates are sometimes added to provide continuity of the intersecting beam (or girder) flanges
across the column web. The requirement for continuity plates is a function of the column yield strength,
flange width, and flange thickness, and the intersecting beam yield strength, flange width, and flange
thickness.
Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF)
IMFs are expected to withstand limited inelastic deformations (in their members and connections) when
subjected to the Design Basis Earthquake ground motions.
Limited special detailing of beam-column joint, therefore limited ductility (i.e., lower R).
Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF)
OMFs are expected to withstand minimal inelastic deformations (in their members and connections)
when subjected to the Design Basis Earthquake ground motions.
Very limited special detailing of beam-column joint, therefore very limited ductility (i.e., very low R).
*NOTE: Typically steel IMFs and OMFs will not be permitted in structures assigned to Seismic Design
Category D, E or F with the exception of steel OMFs meeting the requirements of ASCE 7
12.2.5.6.1 for SDC = D or E or 12.2.5.6.2 for SDC = F, and steel IMFs meeting requirements of ASCE
7 12.2.5.7.1 for SDC = D or 12.2.5.7.2 for SDC = E or 12.2.5.7.3 for SDC = F.
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
1-165
SM1 = Fv S1
= 1.3 (0.52) = 0.68
IBC (16-38)
IBC (16-40)
NOTE: Alternatively, SDS & SD1 can be quickly determined using Tables 3.2 & 3.3 (p. 1-33 & 34):
Table 3.2 (p. 1-33) SS = 1.25 Site Class C SDS = 0.83
Table 3.3 (p. 1-34) S1 = 0.52 Site Class C SD1 = 0.45
B.) Seismic Design Category, SDC
S1 = 0.52 < 0.75 therefore, use IBC Table 1613.3.5(1) & Table 1613.3.5(2) to determine SDC
SDS = 0.83 & RC = II 2012 IBC Table 1613.3.5(1) SDC = D
SD1 = 0.45 & RC = II 2012 IBC Table 1613.3.5(2) SDC = D
iSDC = Dii
C.) Approximate Fundamental Period, Ta
Ta Ct hnx
ASCE 7 (12.8-7)
Steel SCBF ASCE 7 Table 12.8-2: all other structural systems Ct = 0.02 & x = 0.75
Ta
= 0.02 (hn)0.75
= 0.02 (36 feet)0.75 = 0.29 secondi
S D1 0.45
= 0.54 second ASCE (12.8-2) will govern Cs
S DS 0.83
CS
S DS
(0.83)
=
= 0.138
(R Ie )
(6 1.0)
governs
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
S D1
(0.45)
=
= 0.259
0.29(6 1.0)
T (R Ie )
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-4), (12.8-5), and (12.8-6) are not applicable since T < TS (and T << TL)
CS = 0.138i
E.) Seismic Base Shear, V
V = CS W
= 0.138 (280 kips) = 38.6 kipsi
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
2-7
IBC (16-40)
Table 3.2 (p. 1-33) SS = 0.73 Site Class B SDS = 0.49 by interpolation
Table 3.3 (p. 1-34) S1 = 0.28 Site Class B SD1 = 0.19
B.) Seismic Design Category, SDC
S1 = 0.28 < 0.75 therefore, use IBC Table 1613.3.5(1) & Table 1613.3.5(2) to determine SDC
SDS = 0.49 & RC = IV 2012 IBC Table 1613.3.5(1) SDC = D
SD1 = 0.19 & RC = IV 2012 IBC Table 1613.3.5(2) SDC = D
iSDC = Dii
C.) Approximate Fundamental Period, Ta
Ta Ct hnx
ASCE 7 (12.8-7)
Concrete SMF ASCE 7 Table 12.8-2: Concrete moment-resisting frames Ct = 0.016 & x = 0.9
Ta = 0.016 (hn)0.9
= 0.016 (67 feet)0.9 = 0.70 secondi
Using Table C1 (Appendix C, p. 5-18) Concrete MRF & hn = 67 feet Ta = 0.70 second
NOTE: T = 0.70 second > TS
S D1 0.19
= 0.39 second ASCE 7 (12.8-2) will not govern Cs
S DS 0.49
CS
S DS
(0.49)
=
= 0.092
(R Ie )
(8 1.5)
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
S D1
(0.19)
=
= 0.051
0.70(8 1.5)
T (R Ie )
governs
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
ASCE 7 (12.8-5)
0.01 minimum
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-4) is not applicable since T = 0.70 second << TL = 12 seconds & ASCE 7 (12.8-6)
is not applicable since S1 = 0.28 < 0.6
CS = 0.051i
E.) Seismic Base Shear, V
V = Cs W
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
2-9
IBC (16-40)
Table 3.2 (p. 1-33) SS = 1.75 Site Class D (assumed) SDS = 1.17
Table 3.3 (p. 1-34) S1 = 0.90 Site Class D (assumed) SD1 = 0.90
B.) Seismic Design Category, SDC
Ta Ct hnx
ASCE 7 (12.8-7)
WSP shear wall ASCE 7 Table 12.8-2: all other structural systems Ct = 0.02 & x = 0.75
Ta = 0.02 (hn)0.75
= 0.02 (25 feet)0.75 = 0.22 secondi
Using Table C1 (Appendix C, p. 5-18) Shear Walls & hn = 25 feet Ta = 0.22 second
NOTE: T = 0.22 second < TS
S D1 0.90
= 0.77 second ASCE 7 (12.8-2) will govern Cs.
S DS 1.17
CS
S DS
(1.17)
=
= 0.180
(R Ie )
(6.5 1.0)
governs
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
S D1
(0.90)
=
= 0.629
T ( R I e ) 0.22(6.5 1.0)
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-4), (12.8-5), and (12.8-6) are not applicable since T < TS (and T << TL)
CS = 0.180i
E.) Seismic Base Shear, V
V = CS W
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
2-11
Table 3.2 (p. 1-33) SS = 1.52 Site Class E SDS = 0.91 by interpolation
Table 3.3 (p. 1-34) S1 = 0.76 Site Class E SD1 = 1.22 by interpolation
B.) Seismic Design Category, SDC
Ta Ct hnx
ASCE 7 (12.8-7)
Dual System D.1 - steel EBF & steel SMF ASCE 7 Table 12.8-2: Ct = 0.03 & x = 0.75
Ta = 0.03 (hn)0.75
S D1 1.22
CS
(0.91)
S DS
= 0.170
=
(R Ie )
(8 1.5)
governs
ASCE 7 (12.8-2)
S D1
(1.22)
= 0.229
=
T ( R I e ) 1.00(8 1.5)
ASCE 7 (12.8-3)
NOTE: ASCE 7 (12.8-4), (12.8-5), and (12.8-6) are not applicable since T < TS (and T << TL)
CS = 0.170i
E.) Seismic Base Shear, V
V = CS W
ASCE 7 (12.8-1)
2-13
The addition of the interior shear wall on line 2 will create two diaphragms that span equal amounts
(e.g., L1 = L2 = L / 2). One diaphragm spans from line 1 to line 2, and the other diaphragm spans
from line 2 to line 3.
ws = V / L = (35,000 lbs) / 125 = 280 plf
V1 = V3 = ws (L1 / 2) = ws (L2 / 2) = (280 plf )(62.5) / 2 = 8,750 lbs
roof 1 = 3 = V1 / d = (8,750 lbs) / 50 = 175 plfi
From Part A.1 - roof 1 = 3 = 350 plf
2. Maximum Unit Wall Shear,
By inspection, the maximum unit wall shear will occur on line 2 & 3 Wall Line 1: V1 = V / 4 & total shear wall length, b1 = 30
wall 1 = V1 / w = (8,750 lbs) / 30 = 291 plfi
exterior walls
ws = fp1 = 0.190 [(16 psf + 20%100 psf)(70) + (85 psf)(14/2 + 2)(2 walls)] = 770 plfi
2. Unit Roof Shear on lines 1 & 2, r
V1 = V2 = ws L / 2 = (770 plf)(40/2) = 15,400 lbs
Roof 1 = 2 = V1 / d = (15,400 lbs) / 70 = 220 plfi
R1A = 0.833
R1B = 3.369
R =
2-37
RA = 5.0
RB = 2.54
RC = 7.49
R x
R
R y
X CR
Y CR
2-54
4.19
What is the approximate fundamental period (Ta) of a 110 foot tall steel eccentrically braced
frame (steel EBF) building?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.20
1.04 second
1.56 second
1.90 second
2.12 second
What is the approximate fundamental period (Ta) of a 35 foot tall Dual System building (w/
steel SMFs & reinforced concrete shear walls)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.23
0.50 second
0.43 second
0.64 second
0.89 second
What is the approximate fundamental period (Ta) of a 195 foot tall special steel moment frame
(steel SMF) building?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.22
0.68 second
1.02 second
1.20 second
1.54 second
What is the approximate fundamental period (Ta) of a 5 story building using entirely
intermediate steel moment frames (steel IMF), with all story heights greater than 10 feet?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.21
0.48 second
0.39 second
0.35 second
0.29 second
Given TS = 0.6 second & Seismic Design Category D (SDC = D), which of the following
structures would not be permitted the use of the Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) procedure?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
An owner proposes to construct an office building of Seismic Design Category D using steel
special concentrically braced frames (SCBF) as the vertical seismic force-resisting elements
(in both principal directions). Answer questions 4.24 to 4.27.
4.24
What response modification coefficient (R) should be used for seismic design?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8
7
6
3
3-19
5.3
A lateral analysis of a 2-story office building determines that a steel braced frame column has
the following axial loads: D = 20 kips, L = 15 kips, Lr = 0 kips and E = 25 kips. Assume =
1.0 to determine the maximum axial compression force in this column using the Strength
Design (SD or LRFD) load combinations of IBC 1605.2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.4
45.0 kips
52.9 kips
56.5 kips
61.2 kips
5.5
Which of the following conditions would require the use of the load combinations with
overstrength factor (0) of ASCE 7 12.4.3.2?
I. Vertical structural irregularity type 4 (ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2)
II. Vertical structural irregularity type 5a (ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2)
III. Horizontal structural irregularity type 4 (ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.6
I
I & III
II & III
I, II & III
What is the vertical seismic load effect (Ev) axial force in this column?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.8
What is the horizontal seismic load effect (Eh) axial force in this column?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3-34
0 kips
7.0 kips
8.8 kips
11.7 kips
15.0 kips
19.5 kips
24.4 kips
11.7 kips
Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE
5.9
What is the maximum axial compression force in this column using the Strength Design (SD or
LRFD) load combinations of IBC 1605.2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.10
50.8 kips
63.2 kips
72.0 kips
80.8 kips
What is the minimum axial compression force in this column using the strength design load
combinations with overstrength factor of ASCE 7 12.4.3.2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.14
15.0 kips
20.0 kips
30.0 kips
37.5 kips
What is the maximum axial compression force in this column using the strength design load
combinations with overstrength factor of ASCE 7 12.4.3.2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.13
3.2 kips
7.3 kips
9.1 kips
11.7 kips
What is the horizontal seismic load effect with overstrength factor (Emh) axial force in this
column?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.12
53.0 kips
61.5 kips
66.9 kips
70.3 kips
What is the minimum axial compression force in this column using the Strength Design (SD or
LRFD) load combinations of IBC 1605.2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.11
10.2 kips
5.0 kips
1.5 kips
7.2 kips
What is the maximum redundancy factor ( ) that needs to be considered for a structure
assigned to Seismic Design Category E (SDC = E)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1.0
1.25
1.3
1.5
3-35
6.3
A 2,000 pound sign is to be attached to a three-story medical office building. The sign is to be
attached to the exterior 8 thick concrete wall, 5 feet above the top of the 3rd floor (i.e., Level 2)
as shown in the figure below. Given an SDS = 0.93, what would be the horizontal seismic force
for anchorage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
500 lbs
1,000 lbs
1,700 lbs
2,400 lbs
Section
6.4
Using the figure in Problem 6.3 (above), what would be the horizontal seismic force for
anchorage if the sign was to be anchored at the top of the parapet (i.e., 4 feet above the roof
level)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.5
What component response modification factor (Rp) should be used for the seismic bracing of a
suspended ceiling system in a building?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.6
Element of a structure
Architectural component
Mechanical component
Electrical component
3-38
1
1
2
3
6.7
500 lbs
1,900 lbs
2,100 lbs
2,400 lbs
Element of a structure
Architectural component
Mechanical component
Electrical component
6.8
Given a 2000 lbs storage tank mounted on the roof of a Risk Category II building where
SDS = 0.73, ap = 1 & Rp = 2 what is the seismic design force, Fp?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.9
700 lbs
1400 lbs
2000 lbs
2700 lbs
Below is a cross section through a large pipe supported from the concrete roof slab of a
Hospital where SDS = 0.95, Ip = 1.5, ap = 2 & Rp = 9. The pipe and its contents weigh 100 plf
and have lateral bracing at a spacing of 8 feet (i.e., 8'-0" o.c.). Calculate the axial force in the
brace due to the seismic design force, Fp?
a.
b.
c.
d.
50 lbs
80 lbs
380 lbs
540 lbs
Section
6.10
What component amplification factor (ap) should be used to design the required steel
reinforcement size and spacing in a 4 foot tall concrete parapet, braced 3 feet above the roof
level?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.11
Given a mechanical component with an operating weight (Wp) of 1500 lbs and component
stiffness (Kp) of 3000 lbs/inch, what is the component period (Tp)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.12
1
1
1
2
0.01 second
0.10 second
0.23 second
0.78 second
For masonry or concrete wall buildings, anchor straps (i.e., purlin anchors) at the boundaries of
floor and roof diaphragms are utilized to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
3-39
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
p. 1-74, Horizontal Seismic Load Effect w/ Overstrength Factor & ASCE 7-10
p. 69, 12.4.3.1
ASCE 7 (12.4-7)
Emh = 0 QE
Emh = 2 (15 kips) = 30.0 kips
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
By observation, the lateral forces shown in the given direction will result in
the frame deflecting to the right which will stretch the braces X1 & X2, and
compress the braces Y1 & Y2. Therefore braces X1 & X2 will be in
tension and braces Y1 & Y2 will be in compression. Because the rod braces
cannot resist compression, only braces X1 & X2 will be effective to resist the
forces in the given direction.
X1 & X2
4-28
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
5.17
X2 is the brace is the 2nd story and it will carry the entire 12 kip force as the
horizontal component in that brace. The resultant axial (tension) force can be
determined from Trigonometry. With a 12 story height and 16 bay spacing,
the brace length will be 20 (i.e., 3-4-5 triangle or 12-16-20).
TX2 = (12 kips)(20) / (16) = 15 kips
5.18
p. 1-72, Horizontal Seismic Load Effect & ASCE 7-10 p. 69, 12.4.2.1
QE = effects of horizontal seismic forces from V or Fp
The axial force in brace X2 is due to F2 (but not equal to F2), and the Fx
forces are due to the base shear V, therefore the axial force in brace X2 is
from V (but certainly not equal to V ).
QE
5.19
X1 is the brace is the 1st story and it will carry the entire (12 kip + 6 kip) force
as the horizontal component in that brace. The resultant axial (tension) force
can be determined from Trigonometry. With a 12 story height and 16 bay
spacing, the brace length will be 20 (i.e., 3-4-5 triangle or 12-16-20).
TX1 = (18 kips)(20) / (16) = 22.5 kips 22 kips
5.20
Per 5.19, brace X1 will carry the entire 18 kips of horizontal seismic force in
the given direction, and that entire force will be transferred to support A.
Shear at A, VA = 18 kips
5.21
Per 5.19, brace Y1will carry none of the horizontal seismic force in the given
direction because brace Y1 cannot resist compression forces.
Shear at B, VB = 0 kips
5.22
p. 1-72, Vertical Seismic Load Effect & ASCE 7-10 p. 69, 12.4.2.2
Ev = 0.2SDS D
ASCE 7 (12.4-4)
Ev = 0.2(0.72)(110 kips) = 15.8 kips 16 kips
5.23
p. 1-72, Horizontal Seismic Load Effect & ASCE 7-10 p. 69, 12.4.2.1
Per 5.18 and 5.19, the axial force in brace X1 (TX1) is a QE force and is equal
to 22.5 kips.
QE = TX1 = 22.5 kips
= 1.3 (given)
Eh = QE
ASCE 7 (12.4-3)
Eh = 1.3(22.5 kips) = 29.2 kips 29 kips
6.1
6.2
6.3
p. 1-82, Seismic Design Force & ASCE 7-10 p. 88 & 89, 13.3.1
(continued)
4-29
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
SDS = 0.93 (given)
ap = 2 & Rp = 3 Table 13.5-1 - Signs & Billboards
z = 12 + 10 + 5 = 27
h = hn = 12 + 2(10) = 32
(z / h) = 27 / 32 = 0.84
Ip = 1.0 ASCE 7-10 13.1.3
Rp /Ip = (3 / 1.0) = 3
0.4a p S DSW p
1 2 z
Fp
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(2.5)(0.93) Wp [1 + 2 (0.84)] / (3) = 0.83 Wp (governs)
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.93)(1.0) Wp = 1.49 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
= 0.3(0.93)(1.0) Wp = 0.28 Wp
Fp = 0.83(2,000 lbs) = 1,660 lbs 1,700 lbs
6.4
p. 1-82, Seismic Design Force & ASCE 7-10 p. 88 & 89, 13.3.1
SDS = 0.93 (given)
ap = 2 & Rp = 3 Table 13.5-1 - Signs & Billboards
z = h + 4 parapet? no, because ASCE 7-10 13.3.1 states that the value
of z / h need not exceed 1.0
use (z / h) = 1.0
Ip = 1.0 ASCE 7-10 13.1.3
Rp/Ip = (3 / 1.0) = 3
0.4a p S DSW p
1 2 z
Fp
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(2.5)(0.93) Wp [1 + 2(1.0)] / (3) = 0.93 Wp (governs)
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.93)(1.0) Wp = 1.49 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
= 0.3(0.93)(1.0) Wp = 0.28 Wp
Fp = 0.93(2,000 lbs) = 1,860 lbs 1,900 lbs
6.5
6.6
p. 1-86 & ASCE 7-10 p. 93, Table 13.6-1 Mechanical & Electrical
Components
Heat exchanger = mechanical component
4-30
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
6.7
6.8
p. 1-82, Seismic Design Force & & ASCE 7-10 p. 88 & 89, 13.3.1
SDS = 0.73, ap = 1 & Rp = 2 (given)
z/h = 1.0 since tank is anchored on the roof (i.e., z = h)
Ip = 1.0 ASCE 7-10 13.1.3
Rp/Ip = (2 / 1.0) = 2
0.4a p S DSW p
1 2 z
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(1)(0.73) Wp [1 + 2(1.0)] / (2) = 0.35 Wp (governs)
Fp
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.73)(1.0) Wp = 1.17 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
= 0.3(0.73)(1.0) Wp = 0.22 Wp
Fp = 0.35(2,000 lbs) = 700 lbs
6.9
p. 1-82, Seismic Design Force & ASCE 7-10 p. 88 & 89, 13.3.1
SDS = 0.95, Ip = 1.5, ap = 2 & Rp = 9 (given)
z/h = 1.0 since pipe is suspended from, and braced to, the roof (i.e., z = h)
Rp/Ip = (9 / 1.5) = 6.0
0.4 a p S DSW p
1 2 z
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(2.5)(0.95) Wp [1 + 2 (1.0)] / (6.0) = 0.48 Wp (governs)
Fp
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.95)(1.5) Wp = 2.28 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
= 0.3(0.95)(1.5) Wp = 0.43 Wp
Fp = 0.48(100 plf) = 48 plf
Horizontal component in brace, H = Fp (8 o.c.) = 48 plf (8) = 384 lbs/brace
Resultant axial force in brace R 2 H 2 (384 lbs/brace) = 540 lbs/brace
6.10
6.11
4-31
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
g = 386.4 in/sec2
Wp
Tp 2
Kpg
ASCE 7 (13.6-1)
1500
= 0.23 second
(3000)(386.4)
6.12
6.13
p. 1-86 & ASCE 7-10 p. 93, Table 13.6-1 Mechanical & Electrical
Components
Boiler ap = 1 & Rp = 2
6.14
6.15
6.16
p. 1-87 & ASCE 7-10 p. 76, 12.11.1 Design for Out-of-Plane Forces
Ie = 1.5 ASCE 7-10 p. 4, Table 1.5-2 for Police Station (RC = IV)
Structural walls shall be designed for a force normal to the surface (i.e., outof-plane load) of:
Fp = 0.4 SDS Ie Wwall = 0.4(0.62)(1.5)(100 psf) = 37 psf governs
0.10 Wwall minimum = 0.10(100 psf) = 10 psf
Fp = 37 psf
6.17
Fp 0.4 S DS K a I eW p
ASCE 7 (12.11-1)
4-32
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
ap = 1 & Rp = 2 ASCE 7-10 Table 13.6-1 - Compressors
z = h1 = 10 since 2nd floor level = Level 1 (i.e., first level above the base)
h = hn = 10 stories (10 / story) = 100
z/h = 10 / 100 = 0.10
Ip = 1.0 ASCE 7-10 13.1.3
Rp/Ip = (2 / 1.0) = 2
0.4a p S DSW p
1 2 z
Fp
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(1)(0.73) Wp [1 + 2(0.10)] / (2) = 0.14 Wp
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.73)(1.0) Wp = 1.17 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
6.24
p. 1-82, Seismic Design Force & ASCE 7-10 p. 88 & 89, 13.3.1
SDS = 0.83 (given)
ap = 2 & Rp = 3 ASCE 7-10 Table 13.5-1 Signs & Billboards
z/h = 1.0 since Billboard is anchored to the roof (i.e., z = h)
Ip = 1.0 ASCE 7-10 13.1.3
Rp/Ip = (3 / 1.0) = 3
0.4a p S DSW p
1 2 z
Fp
ASCE 7 (13.3-1)
RP I P
h
= 0.4(2)(0.83) Wp [1 + 2(1.0)] / (3) = 0.83 Wp governs
maximum Fp 1.6 S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-2)
= 1.6(0.83)(1.0) Wp = 1.33 Wp
minimum Fp 0.3S DS I pW p
ASCE 7 (13.3-3)
= 0.3(0.83)(1.0) Wp = 0.25 Wp
Fp = 0.83(10 kips) = 8.3 kips
6.25
6.26
6.27
p. 1-81, Component Importance Factor & ASCE 7-10 p. 87, 13.1.3 - item 1
(continued)
4-34
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
Wall A - Design ex = 3 7.5 = 4.5 feet
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
8.32
8.33
4-40
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
9.9
30'
b
for ASD, uplift T = 4.0 kips
9.10
9.11
9.12
p. 1-131 to 132, Table 9.2 - 9.3 & SDPWS p. 18-20, Table 4.2A & 4.2C
Load parallel to continuous panel joints = CASE 3 (weak direction)
15/32 sheathing w/ 8d @ 6 o.c. unblocked Table 9.3 (4.2C)
s = 360 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (360 plf) / 2.0 = 180 plf < 275 plf NG!
15/32 sheathing w/ 10d @ 6 o.c. unblocked Table 9.3 (4.2C)
s = 380 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (380 plf) / 2.0 = 190 plf < 275 plf NG!
15/32 sheathing w/ 8d @ 6 o.c. blocked Table 9.2 (4.2A)
s =540 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (540 plf) / 2.0 = 270 plf < 275 plf NG!
15/32 sheathing w/ 10d @ 6 o.c. blocked Table 9.2 (4.2A)
s = 580 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (580 plf) / 2.0 = 290 plf 275 plf OK
use 15/32 sheathing w/ 10d common @ 6 o.c.
9.13
9.14
4-47
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
9.15
9.16
9.17
p. 1-132, Table 9.3 & SDPWS p. 18-20, Table 4.2A (blocked diaphragms)
Load perpendicular to continuous panel joints = CASE 1 (strong direction)
15/32 Structural I w/ 10d @ 6 o.c. blocked Table 9.2 (4.2A)
s = 640 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (640 plf) / 2.0 = 320 plf < 400 plf NG!
15/32 Structural I w/ 10d @ 4 o.c. blocked Table 9.2 (4.2A)
s = 850 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (850 plf) / 2.0 = 425 plf > 400 plf OK
Stop no need to check 10d @ 2 o.c. or 10d @ 2 o.c.
Diaphragm boundary nailing = 10d @ 4 o.c.
9.18
9.19
= 740 plf
For ASD, wall 5
20'
b
9.20
4-48
Problem
Answer
Reference / Solution
19/32 sheathing w/ 10d @ 6 o.c. unblocked Table 9.3 (4.2C)
s = 570 plf ASD = s / 2.0 = (570 plf) / 2.0 = 285 plf
allowable unit (roof) shear = 285 plf
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
4-50