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SULIT
4551/1
Biology
September 2009
1 jam

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2009

BIOLOGY
Kertas 1
Satu Jam Lima Belas Minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa mengandungi 50 soalan. Jawab

semua soalan dalam tiap-tiap bahagian.
2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam
bahasa Melayu.
3. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang
berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali
dinyatakan sebaliknya.
4. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah
dibenarkan.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 29 halaman bercetak .

@PKPSM Pahang

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1. Which organ consists of cells which has the highest density of rough endoplasmic
reticulum ?
Organ manakah mengandungi sel-sel yang mempunyai kepadatan jalinan
endoplasmik kasar paling tinggi?

2.

A Stomach
Perut

C Brain
Otak

D Kidney
Ginjal

Heart
Jantung

Diagram 1 shows three types of cells.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis sel.

Diagram 1
To which systems do the cells shown above belong?
Kepada system manakah sel-sel di atas dipadankan ?

A.
B.
C
.
D
.

P
Digestive system
Sistem pencernaan]
Nervous system
Sistem saraf
Respiratory system
Sistem respirasi
Reproductive system
Sistem pembiakan

Q
Respiratory system
Sistem respirasi
Reproductive system
Sistem pembiakan
Circulatory system
Sistem saraf
Digestive system
Sistem pencernaan

R
Nervous system
Sistem saraf
Circulatory system
Sistem peredaran
Digestive system
Sistem pencernaan
Nervous system
Sistem saraf

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3. Diagram 2 shows a unicellular organism living in freshwater pond.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sejenis organisma unisel yang hidup di dalam kolam air tawar.

Water
Air
Diagram 2

Which process involves in the movement of water ?

Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pergerakan air.
A

Diffusion
Resapan

Active transport
Pengangkutan aktif

Osmosis
Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion
Resapan berbantu

4. Diagram 3 shows a cross section of a leaf.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun
A
B

Diagram 3
Which of the cell labelled A, B, C and D does not contain chloroplast?
Antara sel yang berlabel A, B, C dan D yang manakah tidak mengandungi kloroplas?
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5. Diagram 4 shows a type of plant tissue.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan.

Diagram 4
What is the importance of the thickening of substance X to the plant tissue?
Apakah kepentingan penebalan bahan X terhadap tisu tersebut ?
A
B
C
D

To transfer photosynthesis products

Untuk memindahkan hasil fotosintesis
To give turgidity to the tissues
Untuk memberikan kesegahan kepada tisu
To transfer water and mineral salts
Untuk memindahkan air dan garam mineral
To give support and mechanical strength
Untuk memberikan sokongan dan kekuatan mekanikal

6. Which of the following sequence of organelles involved in the synthesis of

extracellular enzymes is correct?
Manakah di antara urutan berikut betul yang melibatkan organel dalam sintesis
enzim luar sel?
A Golgi apparatusRibosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Alat Golgi - Ribosom Jalinan endoplasmik kasar
B Rough endoplasmic reticulumRibosomesGolgi apparatus
Jalinan endoplasmik kasar Ribosom Alat Golgi
C RibosomesGolgi apparatusRough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosom Alat Golgi Jalinan endoplasmik kasar
D RibosomesRough endoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatus
Ribosom Jalinan endoplasmik kasar Alat Golgi]

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7. Carrot slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 4 hours, the slices are
found to be turgid and hard.
Hirisan lobak merah direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa 0.1%. Selepas 4 jam,
hirisan itu didapati segah dan keras.
Which of the following statement explains this phenomenon?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini ?
A The carrot cell wall prevent it from shrinking .
Dinding sel karot menghalangnya dari mengecut.
B The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to diffuse. .
Kepekatan yang tinggi dalam sap sel vakuol menyebabkan air meresap ke dalam
Sel.
C The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solution.
Sap sel adalah hipotonik kepada larutan sukrosa.
D The carrot cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the cell.
Dinding sel karot membenarkan molekul selulosa meresap ke dalam sel.
8. Diagram 5 shows a cell after immersed into a particular solution.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan sel yang telah direndamkan ke dalam larutan
tertentu.

Diagram 5
Which is experienced by the cell?
Apakah yang dialami oleh sel itu ?
A Crenation
Krenasi
B Plasmolysis
Plasmolisis

C Deplasmolysis
Deplasmolisis
D Haemolysis
Hemolisis

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Diagram 6 shows the action of an enzyme on a substrate.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan tindakan enzim ke atas suatu substrat.
K

Diagram 6

What is represented by K?
Apakah yang diwakili oleh K?
A
B

Enzyme
Enzim
Enzyme-substrate complex
Kompleks-enzim substrat

Products of reaction
Hasil tindak balas
D Substrate
Substrat

10. Based on the information below, name the enzyme that can be used.
Berdasarkan maklumat di bawah, namakan enzim yang sesuai digunakan.
Extracting agar jelly from seaweeds
Mengasingkan agar-agar daripada laut.]
Removing the seed coats from cereal grains
Mengeluarkan kulit dari bijirin
A

Zymase
Zimase
B Amylase
Amilase

Celulase
Selulosa
D Protease
Protease

11. Diagram 7 shows a graph between the rate of reaction at different

substrate concentration when factor Q is changed.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan graf diantara kadar tindak balas dan kepekatan substrat
apabila faktor Q diubah.

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Factor Q
Faktor Q

Diagram 7
What is factor Q ?
Apakah faktor Q ?
A

pH
pH
B Time
Masa

C Inhibitor
Perencat
D Enzyme concentration
Kepekatan enzim

12. The following information shows starch molecules undergoing process M.

Maklumat berikut menunjukkan molekul kanji melalui proses M.
Process M
Process M
Starch ------------------ Maltose -------------------- Glucose
[Kanj]
Maltosa
Glukosa
What is process M ?
Apakah proses M ?
A Photosynthesis
Fotosintesis
B Hydrolisis
Hidrolisis

Condensation
Kondensas]
D Polymerisation
Pempolimeran

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13. Diagram 8 shows a cell cycle of an organism.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan kitar sel bagi suatu organisma.

Diagram 8
Which of the following represent X and Y ?
Yang manakah di antara berikut mewakili X dan Y ?
A
B
C
D

Phase X
Meiosis
Interphase
Mitosis
Interphase

Phase Y
Interphase
Mitosis
Interphase
Meiosis

14. The diploid chromosomes in a leaf cell of a maize plant is 20. If one of the
homologous chromosome pair does not separate during the Meiosis 1, how many
chromosomes can be found in the male nucleus of a pollen grain of maize ?
Nombor kromosom diploid dalam daun jagung ialah 20. Jika satu daripada
Pasangan kromosom homolog tidak terpisah semasa Meiosis 1, berapakah
bilangan kromosom yang mungkin didapati pada debunga daun jagung ?
A

B 10

C 20

18

15. Which of the following statements explain the importance of mitosis to cells?
Yang manakah di antara pernyataan berikut menerangkan kepentingan
mitosis kepada sel ?
I . To ensure the chromosomal number is constant in all somatic cells.
Untuk memastikan bilangan kromosom adalah tetap dalam semua sel somatik.
II To ensure the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as
the parent cell.
Untuk memastikan billangan kromosom adalah sama dengan biangan kromosom
sel induk.
III To ensure that the genetic material in the daughter cells is the same as in
the parent cell
Untuk memastikan bahan genetik sel anak dalah sama dengan sel induk.

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IV To contribute to the genetic variation in the daughter cells.

Untuk menyumbangkan kepada variasi genetik dalam sel anak.
A I and II only

I , II and III only

B II and III only

I , III and IV only

16. Diagram 9 shows the correct proportion for the various classes of food in the food
pyramid.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan nisbah yang betul bagi pelbagai kelas makanan dalam
piramid makanan.

Diagram 9

Which of the following shows the correct classes of food in the pyramid?
Yang manakah di antara berikut menunjukkan kelas makanan yang betul
dalam piramid makanan di atas?

1
Fats

2
Proteins

3
Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Vitamins and
minerals
Carbohydrate
s
Fats

Fats
Vitamins and
minerals

4
Vitamins and
minerals
Fats
Vitamins and
minerals
Proteins

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17. Diagram 10 shows the structure of the human alimentary canal.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan struktur salur alimentari manusia.

Diagram 10
Which organ produces the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of lipids ?
Organ manakah merembeskan enzim yang bertanggungjawab untuk
pemecahan lipid?
A. S only
B. P and Q

C R and S
D Q only

18. Which adaptations help the villi to absorb nutrients efficiently?

Yang manakah penyesuaian vilus untuk menyerap nutrien secara berkesan?
I

Abundant in number
Bilangan yang banyak
II Thin walls
Dinding nipis
III
Having blood capillaries
Mempunyai kapilari darah
IV
Lacteals to absorb fatty acids and glycerol
Lakteal untuk menyerap asid lemak dan gliserol
A
B
C
D

I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

19. When 0.4 g of groundnut is completely burnt, the temperature of 20 ml of water rise up
from 30C to 70C. Calculate the energy value of the groundnut.
(Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg C )
Bila 0.4g kacang tanah terbakar dengan lengkap, suhu 20 ml air meningkat daripada
30C kepada 70C. Hitung nilai tenaga kacang tanah ?
( Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 Jg C ).
A 1.4 kJg
B 3.4kJg-1

C 8.4 kJg
D 76.2 kJg

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20. Glucose + oxygen

Glukosa + oksigen

Carbon dioxide + water + 38 ATP

Karbon dioksida + air + 38 ATP

The above equation shows

Persamaan di atas menunjukkan
A. aerobic respiration
respirasi aerobik
B. anaerobic respiration
respirasi anaerobik

C condensation reaction
tindakbalas kondensasi
D hydrolytic reaction
tindakbalas hidrolitik

21. Which of the following organelle involves in the gaseous exchange in Ameoba sp?
Antara organel berikut yang manakah terlibat dalam pertukaran gas dalam
Ameoba sp ?
A Cell wall
Dinding sel
B Nucleus
Nukleus

C Cell membrane
Membran sel
D Vacuole
Vakuol

22. Diagram 11 shows parts of the tracheal system of insect.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem trakea pada serangga.

tracheoles

body
tissue

Diagram 11
What process occurs at X during the gas exchange of the insect?
Apakah proses yang berlaku di X semasa pertukaran gas bagi serangga tersebut?
A

Diffusion
Resapan

C Facilitated diffusion
Resapan berbantu

Osmosis
Osmosis

D Active transport
Pengangkutan aktif

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Diagram 12 shows three different types of interaction between organisms.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan tiga jenis interaksi di antara organisma.

Diagram 12
Which of the following is true about the interactions K, L and M?
Manakah di antara berikut benar tentang interaksi K , L dan M ?
A
B
C
D

K
Mutualism
Mutualism
Saprophytism
Parasitism

L
Commensalism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Commensalism

M
Parasitism
Saprophytism
Mutualism
Mutualism

24. Which of the following chemical substance is used to kill or prevent the
multiplication of microorganisms in the wound?
Yang manakah di antara sebatian kimia berikut, digunakan untuk membunuh
atau mencegah pembiakan mikroorganisma dalam luka ?
A Antiseptic
Antiseptik

C Vaccine
Vaksin

B Antibiotic
Antibiotik

D Disinfectant
Disinfektan

25. Nitrates and phosphates from farmland that flow into a lake caused rapid growth
of algae .
What is described by the above situation ?
Nitrat dan fosfat yang dialirkan dari ladang ke dalam tasik telah menyebabkan
pertumbuhan alga yang mendadak.
Apakah yang diterangkan oleh situasi di atas ?.
A Eutrophication
Eutrofikasi
B Pesticide pollution
Pencemaran pestisid

C Fertilizer accumulation
Pengumpulan baja
D Colonisation
Pengkolonian

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26. Diagram 13 shows plant cells.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan.
Which of the following cell is the product of meiosis?
Sel yang manakah di antara berikut adalah produk pembahagian sel meiosis?

Diagram 13

27

Diagram 14 shows a part of a mangrove plant.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan satu bahagian tumbuhan paya bakau.

What is structure S?
Apakah struktur S?
A. Succulent leaves
Daun sukulen
B. Pneumatophores
Pneumatofor
C. Vivipary seeds
Biji benih vivipari
D. Prop roots
Akar jangkang

Diagram 14

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28. Diagram 15 shows a stage in the blood clotting mechanism.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan satu peringkat di dalam mekanisme pembekuan darah.

Diagram 15
Which of the following statement explains this stage?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan peringkat ini?
A
B
C
D

Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin

Tromboplastin menukarkan protrombin kepada trombin
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to meshwork of fibrin.
Trombin menukarkan fibrinogen kepada jaringan fibrin
Platelets stimulate the formation of meshwork of fibrin.
Platlet meransang pembentukan jaringan fibrin.
Platelets release the thromboplastin to form meshwork of fibrin.
Platlet membebaskan tromboplastin untuk membentuk jaringan fibrin.

29. Diagram 16 shows a cross-section through the carpel of a flower before fertilization.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan keratan rentas
melalui karpel bunga sebelum
persenyawaan.

Where are the position of male and female

gametes before fertilization?
Di manakah kedudukan gamet jantan dan
betina sebelum persenyawaan ?
A
B
C
D

Male gamete
1
1
2
3

Female gamete
5
4
4
5

Diagram 16

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30. Diagram 17 shows part of the placenta.

Rajah 17 menunjukkan bahagian plasenta.

Diagram 17

In which parts do the blood contain the most oxygen and nutrients?
Di bahagian manakah darah mempunyai kandungan oksigen dan nutrien yang
tinggi?
A
B

1 and 3
1 and 4

C
D

2 and 3
2 and 4

31. Diagram 18 shows the structure of a nephron.

Rajah 18 menunjukkan struktur nefron.

Diagram 18

Which of the following activities cause X to be more permeable to water ?

Yang manakah di antara aktiviti berikut menyebabkan X lebih telap kepada air ?

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P - Drinking a lot of water

Minum air dengan banyak
Q - Eating salty foods
Makan makanan yang
banyak
R - Not exercising
Tidak melakukan senaman
S - Playing sports
Bersukan
A P and R

Q and R

B P and S

Q and S

32. Diagram 19 shows the changes in the thickness of the uterus lining of a woman
during her menstrual cycle. At which time is the woman most likely to be fertile?
[Rajah 19 menunjukkan perubahan ketebalan lapisan uterus seorang wanita semasa
kitar haid. Pada masa yang manakah wanita itu mengalami waktu paling subur?]

Diagram 19
33. The haemoglobin content of a pregnant mother is low. Which food should be taken
to increase the haemoglobin content in her blood ?
Kandungan haemoglobin seorang ibu mengandung adalah rendah. Makanan
manakah yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kandungan hemoglobin
dalam darahnya?
A Spinach
Bayam

Tomato
Tomato

B Potatoes
Kentang

Banana
Pisang

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34. Diagram 20 shows a part of hind limp which consists of femur, tibia and fibula .
Rajah 20 menunjukkan bahagian anggota belakang yang terdiri dari femur, tibia
dan fibula.
Patela

Diagram 20
Which of this action cannot be done if the patella is dislocated?
Manakah tindakan berikut tidak berlaku jika patela beralih tempat?
A

Sitting down
Duduk

B
35.

Sleeping
Tidur

Walking
Berjalan
Straightening the leg
Meluruskan kaki

Diagram 21 shows the structures involved in reflex action.

Rajah 21 menunjukkan struktur yang terlibat dalam tindakan refleks.

Diagram 21
Hot pan
Periuk panas

Which of the following shows the correct sequence for the above action?
Antara berikut, manakah menunjukkan urutan yang betul bagi tindakan di atas?
A

P Q R S

Q R S P

P S R Q

Q S P R

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36.

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A farmer sprays all the mangoes in his farm with hormone X to ensure that all the
mangoes ripen at the same time. What is hormone X?
Seorang petani menyembur semua buah manggadi ladang nya dengan hormon X
bagi memastikan semua mangganya masak pada masa yang sama.
Apakah hormon X?
A Auxin

C Cytokinin

Ethylene

Gibberilin

Diagram 22 shows the structure of human brain.

Rajah 22 menunjukkan struktur otak manusia.

X
Diagram 22

What is X?
Apakah X?

38.

Cerebrum
Serebrum

Spinal cord
Saraf tunjang

Cerebellum
Serebelum

Medula oblongata
Medula oblongata

The following statements is about hormone X.

Berikut adalah pernyatan tentang hormon X.
Produced by corpus lutem and placenta
[Dihasilkan oleh korpus luteum dan placenta]
Promotes growth of endometrium and prevents menstruation.
[Merangsang pertumbuhan endometrium dan menghalang haid]

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What is hormone X?
[Apakah hormone X?]
A
B
39.

Oestrogen
Estrogen
Progesterone
Progesteron

Luteinising hormone
Hormon pelutinan

Follicle stimulating hormone

Hormon perangsang folikel

Which of the following is true when the osmotic pressure in the blood decreases?
Manakah di antara berikut benar sekiranya tekanan osmosis darah berkurangan?

A
B
C
D

Secretion of ADH
Rembesan ADH

Reabsorption of water in kidney tubules

Penyerapan air oleh tubul ginjal

Increase
Bertambah
Decrease
Berkurang
Decrease
Berkurang
Increase
Bertambah

Increase
Bertambah
Decrease
Berkurang
Increase
Bertambah
Decrease
Berkurang

40. Diagram 23 shows the stages in the development of follicle in the ovary of human.
Rajah 23 menunjukkan peringkat perkembangan folikel dalam ovari manusia.

Diagram 23

What is the effect to the uterine wall when L developes into M?

Apakah kesan kepada dinding uterus apabila L berkembang menjadi M?

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It is repaired
Ia diperbaiki
It breaks down
Ia terurai

C It thickens
Ia menebal
D Its thickness maintains
Ketebalannya dikekalkan

41. Melissa who is a carrier for colour blindness married to Aron a normal
colour vision.
What is the probability that their son is colour blind?
Melisa adalah pembawa bagi buta warna berkahwin dengan Aron yang
mempunyai penglihatan warna normal.
Apakah kemungkinan anak lelaki mereka adalah buta warna ?
A

0%

C 50%

25%

D 100%

42. A pair of fraternal twins are brought up by two different families and have
the following characteristics.
Sepasang kembar seiras telah dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga yang
berbeza
dan mempunyai ciri seperti berikut.
Nini
Nina

Fat and fair complexion

Gemuk dan kulit cerah
: Thin and slightly dark complexion
Kurus dan kulit agak gelap

Which factor causes the differences in the characteristics?

Faktor yang manakah menyebabkan perbezaan ciri pada kembar itu?
A

Genetic
Genetik

Gene mutation
Mutasi gen

Environment
Persekitaran

Chromosome mutation
Mutasi kromosom

43. Diagram 24 shows a red rose plant is crossed with a white rose plant.
The F1 generations that are produced are two red rose plants and two white rose
plants. The allele for red rose plant, R is dominant to white rose plant, r.
Rajah 24 menunjukkan pokok ros merah dikacukkan dengan pokok ros putih.
Generasi F1 yang terhasil adalah dua pokok ros merah dan dua pokok ros putih. Alel
untuk pokok ros merah, R adalah dominan kepada alel ros putih, r.
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Parents
Phenotype

[Fenotip
induk]

White Rose

Red Rose

[Ros putih]

[Ros merah]

F1
generation
Phenotype
[Fenotip
generasi F1]

Red Rose
[Ros merah]

Red Rose
[Ros merah]

Diagram 24
What is the genotype of the parents?
Apakah genotip bagi induk?
A

Red Rose
RR

White Rose
Rr

Rr

Rr

Rr

rr

RR

rr

White Rose
[Ros Putih]

White Rose
[Ros Putih]

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44. Diagram 25 shows ultrafiltration that occurs in the kidney.

Rajah 25 menunjukkan ultraturasan yang berlaku dalam ginjal.
Efferent arteriole
Arteriol eferen

Afferent arteriole
Arteriol aferen
Bowman capsule
Kapsul Bowman

X
Diagram 25
What are the substances that can move across X ?
Apakah bahan yang dapat merentasi X?
A
B

Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
Leucocyte
Leukosit

C
D

Erythrocyte
Eritrosit
Amino acid
Amino asid

45. Diagram 26 shows a shirt with a blood stain before and after being washed with
detergent containing enzyme.
Rajah 26 menunjukkan baju dengan kesan darah sebelum dan selepas
dibasuh dengan pencuci mengandungi enzim.

Blood stain

Before

After
Diagram 26

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Which is the most suitable enzyme and temperature to give the result shown?
Yang manakah enzim dan suhu yang paling sesuai untuk menghasilkan
keputusan seperti di atas?
Enzyme

46.

Temperature

Lipase

37oC

Protease

18oC

Lipase

18oC

Protease

37oC

Diagram 27 shows a pair of chromosomes in a cell of an organism.

Rajah 27 menunjukkan sepasang kromosom dalam sel suatu organisma.
X

Diagram 27
What is X ?
Apakah X ?
A

Allele

Nucleotide

Gene

Chromosome

47. Diagram 28 shows the regulation of human body temperature.

Rajah 28 menunjukkan pengawalan suhu badan manusia.
Normal body temperature
Suhu badan normal
Body temperature decrease
Suhu badan menurun

Body temperature increase

Suhu badan meningkat
Temperature Regulation
Centre Pusat kawalan suhu

Correction mechanism
Mekanisme pembetulan
Diagram 28

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Which of the following correction mechanism occur ?

Antara berikut yang manakah mekanisme pembetulan yang berlaku?
l. Vasodilation
Pemvasodilatan
ll. Erector muscle contract
Otot erektor mengecut]
A
B

l and ll
l, ll and lll

III Vasoconstriction
Pemvasocerutan
lV Decrease in metabolic rate
Kadar metabolisme menurun
C
D

l and lV
l, ll and lV

48. Diagram 29 shows the graphs of two types of variation .

Rajah 29 menunjukkan graf untuk dua jenis variasi.
Plant
Tumbuhan

Human
Manusia

Numbe
r
of individuals
Bilangan individu

What type of variation shown in each population ?

Apakah jenis variasi ditunjukkan dalam setiap populasi ?

A
B
C
D
49.

Human
Manusia
Continuous
Continuous
Discontinuous
Discontinuous

Diagram 29

Plant
Tumbuhan
Discontinuous
Continuous
Discontinuous
Continuous

The following food chain is found in a fresh water pond.

Rantai makanan berikut terdapat dalam kolam air tawar.
Phytoplankton water fleas fish
Fitoplankton kutu air
ikan
Which of the following shows the relative amount of biological mass in the food
chain ?
Manakah di antara berikut menunjukkan amaun jisim biologi relatif dalam rantai

SULIT

4551/1

makanan ?

A
B
C
D

Phytoplankton
Fitoplankton
5g
30g
60g
60g

Water flea
Kutu air
15g
60g
5g
30g

Fish
Ikan
60g
15g
30g
5g

yang telah diberi suntikan vaksin sebanyak dua kali.

Diagram 30

Which of the following will be the type of immunisation acquired by these two
patients?
Antara berikut yang manakah merupakan jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh
kedua-dua pesakit?
A
B
C
D

P
Artificial acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan
Artificial acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan
Natural acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semulajadi
Natural acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif semulajadi

Q
Artificial acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan
Artificial acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan
Natural acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif semulajadi
Natural acquired passive immunity
Keimunan aktif semulajadi

KERTAS SOALAN

TAMAT.

MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY 1 (4551/1)
SPM TRIAL EXAMINATION
2009
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10

A
B
B
A
D
D
B
D
C
C

26.
27.
28.
29
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

B
C
B
D
B
D
B
A
C
C

.
11

36.

.
12

37.

.
13

38.

.
14

39.

.
15

40.

.
16

41.

.
17

42.

.
18

43.

.
19

44.

.
20

45.

.
21

46.

.
22

47.

23

48.

.
24

49.

.
25

50

SULIT

4551/2
NAMA : ................................................................

SULIT
4551/2
Biology
September 2009
2 hours

ANGKA GILIRAN : ..............................................

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2009

BIOLOGY
Kertas 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa
1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa .
Bahagia
Markah Markah
Soalan
2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
n
Penuh diperolehi
mendahului soalan yang
1
13
sepadan dalam bahasa.
3. Calon dibenarkan menjawab
2
12
keseluruhan atau sebahagian
soalan sama ada dalam
A
3
12
bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa
Melayu.
4
12
4. Calon dikehendaki membaca
maklumat di halaman kertas
5
11
soalan ini.
6

20

20

20

20

Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 22 halaman bercetak

@PKPSM Pahang

Section A
Bahagian A

For
examiner
s use

[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1

Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plasma membrane.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.

R
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a)

Name the parts labelled Q and R.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Q dan R.
Q:

1(a)

R:
[2 marks]
(b)(i)

State the component of structure P.

Nyatakan komponen struktur P.
1(b)(i)

[1 mark ]

(ii) Explain the main function of P.

2
[Lihat sebelah

Terangkan fungsi utama

P.

1(b)(ii)

[1 mark ]
(c) The plasma membrane is said to be semi-permeable.
What is the meaning of semi-permeable?
Membran plasma dikatakan bersifat separa-telap.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separatelap?
1 (c)

[ 1 mark]

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
d) Graph in Diagram 1.2 shows the percentage of red blood cells that are
burst or shrink when placed in salt solution of different concentration.
Graf dalam Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan peratus sel darah merah yang pecah
atau mengecut apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam yang
berbeza kepekatan.
(i) Based on the graph given, state the concentration which is isotonic to
blood plasma.

Berdasarkan graf yang diberi, nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang

isotonik terhadap plasma darah.

(1 mark)

1(d)(i)

1(d)(ii)

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(ii).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(ii).
_
(1 mark)
(iii) Comment on the osmotic pressure at Q.
Berikan ulasan tentang tekanan osmosis di Q.

1(d)(iii)

[ 2 marks]
(e) The concentration of ions inside root cells is up to 100 times greater than in
the soil. Anyway, the ions are still transported into the cells by active
transport.
Kepekatan ion di dalam sel akar adalah 100 kali lebih tinggi berbanding di
dalam tanah. Walau bagaimanapun, ion-ion tersebut masih diangkut ke
dalam sel secara pengangkutan aktif.
(i)

Define active transport.

Takrifkan pengangkutan aktif.

1 (e)(i)

[ 1 mark]

(ii)

Explain what will happen to the uptake of the ions by root cells if the
roots are immersed in a solution containing metabolic poisons such
as cyanide.
Terangkan apa akan berlaku terhadap pengangkutan ion oleh
oleh sel akar jika akar tersebut direndam di dalam larutan yang
mengandungi racun metabolik seperti sianida.
1(e)(ii)

[3 marks]

TOTAL

Diagram 2.1 shows the biochemical processes involve molecule K,

enzyme L and molecule M occur in organ X and organ Y.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul K,
enzim L dan molekul M yang berlaku di dalam organ X dan organ Y.

For
examiner
s use

M u s c l e c e ll s

O rg a n X

O rg a n Y

h e p a ti c p o r ta l
v e in
K

M
+

E nzym e L

+ ......

G lycogen

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a)(i) Name organ X and organ Y.
Namakan organ X dan organ Y.
2(a)(i)

Organ X :
Organ Y :
[ 2 marks ]
(ii) Name molecule K, molecule M and enzyme L.
Namakan molekul K, molekul M dan Enzim L.
Molecule K / molekul K :

2(a)(ii)

Molecule M / molekul M :
Enzyme L / enzim L :
[ 3 marks ]
(b)

State two characteristics of enzyme L based on Diagram 2.1.

Nyatakan dua ciri enzim L berdasarkan Rajah 2.1.
2 (b)

[ 2 marks ]
(c)

Molecules M are transported from organ Y to muscle cells. Explain why

molecule M is needed in muscle cells.
Molekul M diangkut dari Organ Y ke sel-sel otot. Terangkan
kenapa molekul M diperlukan di dalam sel-sel otot.

2 (c)

[ 3 marks ]
(d)

Explain the importance of forming glycogen.

Terangkan kepentingan pembentukan glikogen.
2 (d)
[ 2 marks ]
TOTAL

Soil

Diagram 3.1 shows three stages X, Y and Z i n meiosis.

For
examiner
s use

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat X, Y dan Z dalam meiosis.

Y
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a)(i)

Name stages X and Y.

Namakan peringkat X dan Y.
X :

3(a)(i)

Y :

(
[2 marks]

(ii) State two differences between chromosomal behaviour at X and Y.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan perlakuan kromosom di X dan Y.
3(a)(ii)

[ 2 marks ]
(b) i)

State the occurrence at Z.

Nyatakan kejadian yang berlaku di Z.
3(b)(i)

8
[Lihat sebelah

[ 2 marks ]

9
[Lihat sebelah

ii)

The chromosome number in somatic cell of this organism is 12.

State the chromosome number in each of the daughter cell in Z.
Give a reason for your answer.
Bilangan kromosom dalam sel soma bagi organisma ini ialah 12.
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom dalam setiap sel anak Z.
Berikan alasan anda.
3(b)(ii)

[ 2 marks ]
(c)

Diagram 3.2 shows the process of sperm formation in the human testis.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sperma di dalam testis
manusia.

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i)

Are cells A, cell B and cell C genetically identical? Explain.

Adakah sel A, sel B dan sel C seiras dari segi genetic?
Terangkan.
3(c)(i)

(ii)

[2 marks]
If Cell B undergoes an improper cell division, cell D might receive an extra
chromosome. State the number of chromosomes in Cell D.

3(c)(ii)

Jika Sel B melalui pembahagian sel yang tidak sempurna, sel D

berkemungkinan menerima satu kromosom tambahan. Nyatakan bilangan
kromosom di dalam sel D.
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) If cell D fertilises with an ovum, the zygote formed might develop into an
abnormal male. State the syndrome of the individual.

3(c)(iii)

Jika sel D bersenyawa denngan ovum, zigot yang terbentuk akan

berkembang menjadi lelaki yang abnormal. Nyatakan sindrom individu
tersebut.
TOTAL
[ 1 mark ]

For
examiner
s use

4(a)
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a)

State the function of the eosin solution.

Nyatakan fungsi larutan eosin.

Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set up n an experiment to study the role
[ 1 mark ]
of the vascular tissue in the transport of water in plants.
(b)
The stem of the plant is cut across at XY and viewed under a microscope.
Rajah
4.1 section
menunjukkan
susunan
radasineksperimen
untuk mengkaji
A cross
of the stem
is shown
Diagram 4.2.
peranan tisu vaskular dalam pengangkutan air d dalam tumbuhan.
Akar tumbuhan tersebut dikerat secara merentas pada XY dan
diperhatikan di bawah mikroskop. Keratan rentas akar ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 4.2.
K

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

4(b)

Name the parts labelled K and M.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel K dan M.
K

:
[ 2 marks ]

(c)

4(c)

Name the tissue which is responsible for transporting water and minerals
ions from the roots to the upper parts of the plant.
Namakan tisu yang terlibat dalam pengangkutan air dan ion mineral dari
akar ke bahagian atas tumbuhan.
[ 1 mark ]

(d)

If the root of the plant is cut across, draw and label the observation made.
Jika keratan rentas dibuat ke atas akar tumbuhan, lukis dan labelkan
pemerhatian anda.

4(d)

[ 3 marks ]

For
examiner
s use

(e)

Diagram 4.3 shows the effect of removing tissue M from the stem.

4(e)(i)
Diagram 4.3
Rajah 4.3
(i)

State the type of transport involved in Diagram 4.3.

Nyatakan jenis pengangkutan yang terlibat dalam Rajah 4.3.
[ 1 mark ]

4(e)(ii)

(ii) Explain why does the part above the ring become swollen after two weeks.
Terangkan mengapa bahagian atas gelang membengkak selepas
dua minggu.

4(e)(iii)
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain why have the leaves not wilted after two weeks.
Terangkan mengapa daun-daun tidak layu selepas dua
minggu.

TOTAL

[2 marks]

5.

Figure 5 shows the reflex arc that occurs when the finger is accidentally
pricked with a needle.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan suatu arka refleks yang berlaku apabila jari tangan
secara tidak sengaja dicucuki oleh sebatang jarum.

5(a)

Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a)

Complete the above figure by drawing the appropriate neurones involved in

the reflex action.
Lengkapkan rajah di atas, dengan melukis neuron yang terlibat di dalam
tindak balas refleks.
[2 marks]

(b)

Explain the transmission of impulse from one neurone to another neurone.

5(b)

Terangkan pemindahan impuls dari satu neuron ke neuron

yang berikutnya.

5(c)

[ 4marks ]

(c)

Name the structures M and N.

Namakan struktur M dan N.
5(d)

M:
N

:
[2 marks]

(d)

Differentiate between the above reflex action with the voluntary action.
Bezakan di antara tindakan refleks di atas dengan tindakan terkawal.

5(e)

_
[1 mark]
(e)

(f)

5(f)

State the importance of reflex action to us.

Nyatakan kepentingan tindakan refleks kepada kita.

[1
mark ]
If efferent neurone is injured and damaged, predict what will happen to the
person.
Jika neuron eferen cedera dan rosak, ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku
Kepada orang tersebut.

[1
mark ]

Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]

TOTAL

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini
6(a)

Figure 6.1 shows movement activities in a human.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan aktiviti pergerakan pada manusia.

(i)

(ii)
Diagram 6.1

.
Based on Figure 6.1(i) and Figure 6.1(ii), explain how the above
movement takes place which involves muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments
and joints
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1(i) dan Rajah 6.1(ii), terangkan bagaimana
pergerakan di atas berlaku yang melibatkan otot, tendon , tulang,
ligamen dan sendi.
[10 marks]
(b)(i) By giving one example of woody plant and and non-woody, explain how
the support system in woody plants differs from that of non-woody plants.
Dengan menyatakan contoh, terangkan bagaimana sistem sokongan
pada tumbuhan berkayu berbeza daripada tumbuhan tidak berkayu.
[10 marks]

7(a)

Diagram 7.1 shows how the respiratory gases are transported in the
human body.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan bagaimana gas respirasi diangkut dalam
badan manusia.

Diagram 7.1

(b)

(i)

Based on Diagram 7.1, explain how the transport of oxygen and

carbon dioxide takes place in the body cells
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan bagaimanakah pengangkutan
oksigen dan karbon dioksida berlaku di dalam sel-sel badan.
[6 marks]

(ii)

Describe the adaptations of the alveolus for gaseous exchange.

Terangkan penyesuaian pada alveolus yang membolehkannya
utuk melakukan proses pertukaran gas.
[4 marks]

The shaded area of the graph in Diagram 7.2 shows the intake of oxygen
by an athlete before, during and after running for five minutes.
Kawasan yang berlorek pada graf dalam Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan
pengambilan oksigen oleh seorang atlet sebelum, semasa dan selepas

berlari selama 5 minit.

Diagram 7.2
Based on the graph, explain how an oxygen debt is built up when an
athlete is running and how it is settled after he stops running.
Berdasarkan graf, terangkan bagaimana hutang oksigen terhasil semasa
atlet itu berlari dan bagaimana ia diselesaikan selepas beliau berlari.
[10 marks]

8(a)

Mr Nick has group A blood while his wife has group B blood. The group
of their son is O.
Explain how this happen.

Mr Nick mempunyai kumpulan darah A manakala isterinya

mempunyai kumpulan darah B. Kumpulan darah anak lelaki mereka
ialah O. Terangkan bagaimana ini boleh berlaku.
[10 marks]
(b)

Nowadays, the DNA fingerprinting technique has replaced the common

fingerprinting technique in criminal investigations.
Pada masa kini, teknik cap jari DNA telah menggantikan teknik cap
jari biasa dalam penyiasatan jenayah.
(i)

(ii)

Explain how DNA fingerprinting is carried out.

Terangkan bagaimana cap jari DNA
dilakukan

[4 marks]

Based on the given statement, state your opinion an the

advantages and disadvantages of DNA fingerprinting.
Berdasarkan pernyataan yang diberikan, nyatakan pendapat kamu
tentang kebaikan dan keburukan cap jari DNA.
[6 marks]

9(a)

Diagram 9 shows a mangrove swamp.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan kawasan paya bakau.

19
[Lihat sebelah

Diagram 9

(b)

(i)

Explain why most plants cannot colonise and grow in the swamps.
Terangkan mengapa kebanyakan tumbuhan tidak boleh hidup
dan tumbuh di kawasan paya bakau.
[5 marks]

(ii)

Explain how the mangrove trees adapt themselves to the harsh

living conditions.
Terangkan bagaimana pokok bakau ini menyesuaikan diri
dengan keadaan hidup yang sukar.
[5 marks]

Development that is not planned and managed properly has brought

negative effects to the ecosystem such as land erosion, flash flood,
landslides, global warming, thinning of the ozone layer, climate change
and the extinction of certain species.
Pembangunan yang tidak terancang dan terurus dengan teliti boleh
membawa kesan negatif kepada ekosistem seperti hakisan tanah, banjir
kilat, tanah runtuh, pamanasan global, penipisan lapisan ozon,
perubahan iklim dan kepupusan spesis tertentu.
Based on the above statement, describe the effects of unplanned
development and improper management of the ecosystem.
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan kesan pembangunan yang
tidak terancang dan terurus dengan teliti kepada ekosisitem.
[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly in
spaces provided in the question paper.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A

hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

3. Answer any two question from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the
helaian tambahan provided by the invigilators. You may use equations, diagrams,
tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B.
Jawapan anda bagi
Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam helaian tambahan yang dibekalkan oleh
pengawas peperiksaan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf,
dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.Rajah yang
mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan
.
5. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in
brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam
kurungan.

6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan
yang telah dibuat. Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.
7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

8. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes
for Section B.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam
Bahagian A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

9. Detach Section B from this question paper. Tie the helaian tambahan together with
this question paper and hand in to the invigilator at the end of the examination.
Ceraikan Bahagian B daripada kertas soalan ini. Ikat helaian tambahan bersamasama kerts soalan ini dan serahkan kepada pengawas peperiksaan pada akhir
peperiksaan.

MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY 2 (4551/2)
SPM TRIAL EXAMINATION
2009

No.
1(a)

Marking Criteria
Able to name the parts labelled Q and R.

Mark

Sample answer :
Q : Carrier protein
R : Channel protein / pore protein
1(b)(i)

1
1

Able to state the component of structure P.

Sample answer :
It is composed of two layers of phospholipids

(ii)

Able to explain the main function of P.

Sample answer :
Acts as a barrier between the internal and external
environment of the cell
// Allows only specific molecules to pass through it
// provide the structural basis for all cell membrane.

1(c)

Able to give the meaning of semi-permeable.

Sample answer :
A semi-permeable plasma membrane is a membrane that
allows only certain substances to move freely across it.

1 (d)(i)

Able to state the concentration which is isotonic to

blood plasma.
Sample answer :
0.45 g/100 cm3

1(d)(ii)

Able to explain the answer in (d)(i).

SampleAnswer :
Both percentage of haemolysis of red blood cells and
percentage of crenation of red blood cells are zero (0%).
1(d)(iii)

Able to comment on the osmotic pressure at Q.

SampleAnswer :
F

: The osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells is

equivalent to its environment.
P2 : Amount of water moving in and out of the cells are
the same,
P3 : therefore the size and structure of the red blood cells
does not change.
( F + Any P2/P3 )
1(e)(i)

Able to define active transport.

Sample answer :
Active transport is a movement of substances / molecules /
ions against the concentration gradient / from low to high
concentration across the plasma membrane with the help
of carrier protein and energy / ATP.

(ii)
Able to explain what will happen to the uptake of the
ions by root cells if the roots are immersed in a
solution containing metabolic poisons such as
cyanide.
Sample answer :
P1 there is no uptake of ions by root cells
P2 metabolic poisons kill/ damaged the (root) cells
P3 no energy/ ATP is produced
P4 active transport does not occur
(Any three)

TOTAL

13 marks

2(a)(i)

Able to name organ X and organ Y.

Sample answer :
Organ X : Ileum // small intestine
Organ Y : Liver

(ii)

Able to name molecule K, molecule M and enzyme L.

Sample answer :
Molecule K : Starch
Molecule M : Glucose
Enzyme L : (Pancreatic) Amylase

(b)

1
1

1
1
1

Able to state two characteristics of enzyme L based on

Diagram 2.1
Sample answer :
1. Enzyme remains unchanged at the end of the
reaction (and can be used again).
2. Enzyme is substrate specific / reaction is very
specific

(c)

1
1

Able to explain why molecule M is needed in muscle

cells.
Sample answer :
Pt. 1 Molecule M / glucose is the substrate for respiration
Pt. 2 As the muscle cells contract and relax, energy is
needed for activities
Pt. 3 therefore, molecule M is needed in muscle cells to
provide energy from respiration process.

(d)

1
1
1

Able to explain the importance of forming glycogen.

Sample answer :
Pt.1 : Glycogen is the main reserve of carbohydrates in
animals

Pt. 2 It can be converted back to glucose when energy is

needed from respiration process

3(a(i))

TOTAL

12 marks

1
1

Able to name stage X and Y.

Sample answer :
X : Prophase I
Y : Metaphase I

(ii)

Able to Able to state two differences between

chromosomal behaviour at X and Y.
Sample Answer:

1
1

1
2
(b)(i)

1
1

(ii)

(c)(i)

Prophase I
Metaphase I
(Paired homologous
chromosomes) are
arranged randomly.
(Paired homologous
chromosomes) are
arranged on the
metaphase plate /
equatorial plane.
Spindle fibre does not hold
on the centromere of the
chromosomes .
Spindle fibre holds on the
centromere of the
chromosomes.

(ii)

(The homologous
chromosomes paired and)
crossing over take place.
(The homologous
chromosomes paired)
crossing over does not
take place.

(iii)

1
1

1
1

Able to state the occurrence at Z.

Sample Answer:
P1 : Four daughter cells formed
P2 : Each daughter cell has two chromosomes / haploid / n

Able to state the chromosome number in each of the

daughter cell in Z and able to give reason.
Sample answer :

1
1

( Any 2 )

1
TOTAL

12 marks

P1 : 6 (chromosomes).
P2 :(During meiosis) the daughter cell receives half
the number of chromosome from the parent cell / 2n
// Daughter cell haploid / n, parent cell diploid / 2n
Able to state either cell A, cell B and cell C are
genetically identical and explain.
Sample answer :
F : Cell A is similar to cell B but is different from cell C.
P : Cell A and cell B are products of mitosis whereas cell
C is a product of meiosis.
Able to state the number of chromosome in Cell if Cell
B undergoes an improper cell division.
Sample answer :
24 (chromosomes)
Able to state the syndrome of the individual.
Sample answer :
Downs syndrome
// Klinefelters syndrome
4(a)

Able to state the function of the eosin solution.

Sample answer :
To stain the xylem (vessels) (with red dye)

4(b)

1
1

Able to name the parts labelled K and M.

Sample answer :
K : Xylem
M : Phloem

4(c)

Able to name the tissue which is responsible for

transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to
the upper parts of the plant.
Sample answer :

Xylem
4(d)

1
2

Able to draw and label the observation of the root cut

across.
Sample answer :

Phloem

Xylem

Pericycle
Cortex
// ground tissue
Drawing 1 m
Any 2 labels 2 m

(e)(i)

Able to state the type of transport involved in

Diagram 4.3.
Sample answer :
Translocation

(ii)

Able to explain why does the part above the ring

become swollen after two weeks.
Sample answer :
F : The products of photosynthesis cannot be transported
to the parts below the ring
P : as tissue M / phloem is removed

1
1

(iii) Able to explain why have the leaves not wilted after
two weeks.
Sample answer :
F : Water can still be transported to the leaves
P : as tissue K / xylem is not removed from the stem

1
1

TOTAL

12 marks

5(a)

Able to complete the drawing the appropriate neurons

involved in the reflex action.
Sample answer :

3 neurones 2 m
2 neurones - 1 m
5(b)

Able to explain the transmission of impulse from one

neurone to another neurone.
Sample answer :
Pt..1 When an impulses arrives in the axon terminal
Pt. 2 it stimulates (synaptic) vesicles to move towards and
bind with the presynaptic membrane
Pt. 3 The vesicles fuse / release the neurotransmitter into
the synapse
Pt. 4 The neurotransmitter molecules across the synapse
to the dendrite of another neurone
Pt. 5 Stimulated to trigger a new impulses which travels
along the neurone
( Max 4 )

5(c)

1
1
1
1
1
4

Able to name the structure M and N.

Sample answer :
M : Sensory reseptor // finger tip
N : Effector // muscles tissues

1
1

5(d)

Able to differentiate the reflex action with the

voluntary action.
Sample answer :
The reflex action is governed by the spinal chord whereas
the voluntary action is governed by the cerebrum.

5(e)

Able to state the importance of reflex action to us.

Sample answer :
To protect the body against injuries

5 (f)

Able to predict the effect on O if it is injured or

damaged.
Sample answer:
1. The nerve impuls will be sent from afferent neurone to
the effector
2. The effector / muscles will not contract
3. The hand will not be removed immediately from the
needle.
(Any one )

1
1
1

TOTAL

11 marks

6(a)

Able to relate the tissues involved in producing the

running movement
Sample Answer:
Pl- Tendons, ligaments, bones, muscles and joints are
important features in a movement,
P2- Tendons connect muscles to bones
P3- Tendons are strong and non elastic
P4- Force is transferred to bones through tendons.
P5- Movement at the joint is possible with the aid of
ligaments.
P6- Ligaments connect two bones together
P7-to give support and strength to the joint.
P8- Ligaments are strong and elastic.
P9- The quadriceps / extensor muscles contract while the
biceps femoris muscles relax and the leg is straightened.
P10- The biceps femoris muscles contract while the
quadriceps / extensor muscles relax and the leg is bent.
P11- Calf muscles contract to lift up the heels.
P12-Feet push downward and backward
P13-Repeated contraction and relaxation of muscles result in
the running movement.
MAXIMUM: 10 marks

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10

(b)
Able to give example and explain how the support
system in woody plants differs from that of non-woody
plants.
Examples 2 marks ,
Facts 8 marks
Sample answers:
Non-woody plants (herbaceous plants)
Example: Balsam plant/ any suitable answer
P1: (Support in herbaceous plants is) provided by the turgidity
of the parenchyma / collenchyma cells

1
1
1

P2: (When there is enough warm in the ground). the cells take
in water by osmosis and become turgid.
P3: The turgor pressure of the fluids in the vacuoles pushes
the cell contents / plasma membrane against the cell wall
P4: creating support for it stem/ roots /leaves
P5: The thin thickening die cell walls with cellulose /
collenchyma cells gives support to herbacous plants
Woody plants :
Example : Rambutan tree/ hibiscus/ any suitable example

1
1
1
1
1
1

P6: Woody plants have specialised tissues/ sclerenchyma

tissues/ xylem vessels / tracheids. to give them support;
P7: These tissues have cellulose walls which have deposits
of lignin for added strength.
P8: Sclerenchyma cells have very thick walls (which do not
allow water to pass through).
P9: (These cells are dead cells and) their function is to provide support for the plant.
P10: Xylem vessels have thick walls of lignin which are
deposited during the plant's secondary growth.
P11: The lignified xylem vessels form the woody tissues of the
stem.
P12: This makes the plant stronger and also provides support
for the plant.
P13: Tracheids are also dead cells with thick walls and very
small
diameters.
P14: They are found with the xylem vessels and together they
support the plants.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

MAXIMUM: 10 marks

20 marks

TOTAL
7(a)

(i) Able to explain how the transport of oxygen and

carbon dioxide takes place in the body cells
Sample answers:
P1: The blood circulatory system transport oxygen from the
alveoli to the body cells.
P2: Oxygen combines with the haemoglobin in the red blood
cells
P3: to form oxyhaemoglobin (which is unstable.)
P4: Oxygen is carried (in form of oxyhaemoglobin) to the
tissues (which have a low partial pressure of oxygen.)
P5: The (unstable) oxyhaemoglobin breaks down into oxygen
and haemoglobin again.
P6: Oxygen (molecules are) transferred to the body cells
P7: Carbon dioxide binds (itself) to the haemoglobin
P8: (and is) transported in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin.
P9: Carbon dioxide is (also) transported as dissolved carbon
dioxide (in the blood plasma.)
P10: Most of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ions
(dissolved in the blood plasma.)
P11: When the blood carrying carbon dioxide reaches the
body cells, the carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood plasma
and combines with the red blood cells.
P12:Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
P13:Carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells catalyse the
formation of carbonic acid.
P14: The carbonic acid then dissociates into a hydrogen ions
and bicarbonate ions.
MAXIMUM: 6 marks
(ii) Able to describe the adaptations of the alveolus for
gaseous exchange
Sample answer:
F1: The millions of alveoli
P1: provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange.
F2: The walls of the alveoli are moist
P2: and this allows respiratory gases to dissolve easily to
them.
F3: The walls of the alveoli are very thin (one-cell thick)
P3: forquick / easy diffusion of gases.
F4: The alveoli are richly supplied with blood capillaries

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6

P4: to increase the rate of diffusion / the rate of the

transportation of gases
MAXIMUM: 4 marks
(b)

Able to explain how an oxygen debt is built up when an

athlete is running and how it is settled after he stops
running.
Sample answer:
P1: During a vigorous exercise /running, the breathing rate is
increased.
P2: This is to supply more oxygen (quickly to the muscles)
P3:for rapid muscular contraction).
P4: However, the supply of oxygen to muscles is still
insufficient P5: and the muscles have to carry out anaerobic
respiration (to release energy).
P6: The glucose is converted into lactic acid,
P7: with only a limited amount of energy being produced
P8: An oxygen debt builds up in the body as shown in the
graph
P9: High levels of lactic acid in the muscles
P10: cause them to ache.
P11: After running, the athlete breathes more rapidly / deeply
than normal for 20 minutes (shown in the graph)
P12: There is a recovery period (from the 10th minute until the
20th minute)
P13:when oxygen is paid back (during aerobic respiration)
P14: About 1/6 lactic acid is oxidised to carbon dioxide, water
and energy.

10

MAXIMUM: 10 marks

20 marks

TOTAL

8(a)

Able to explain how the inheritance happen

Answer :
P1: The situation involved is monohybrid inheritance.
P2: The genotype of blood group A can be IAIA /1A10
P3: while the genotype of blood group B can be I BI B or
IBIO. P4: Blood group 0 has a genotype, I OI O (while the
genotype of blood group AB is I AI B.
P5: Alleles 1A and IB are codominant
P6: IO allele is recessive.
P7: Mr. Nick is heterozygous dominant/IAIO (for his
blood group A)
P8: while his wife is heterozygous dominant/ IBI0 (for
blood group B)
P9: Mr. Nick and his wife produce haploid
gametes/sperm/ovum (as a r e s u l t o f m e i o s i s )
P10: Mr. Nick produces (gametes with) genotypes IA /IO
P11: (while) his wife (will) produce (gametes with) genotypes
1A/ lO
P12: The gamete (IO) of Mr. Nick fuses with his wife's gamete
(10)
P13: to produce a zygote with genotype IIo.
P14: (Thus, they will) produce an offspring with blood group 0.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

MAXIMUM: 10 marks

(b)

(i) Able to explain how DNA fingerprinting is carried out.

Answer:

1
1

1
P1: Tissue samples are taken from the scene of a crime and
1
DNA is extracted.
P2: An enzyme breaks down the DNA into fragments.
P3: The DNA fragments are classified according to

size.
P4: An alkali is added to separate the double-stranded D N A
into single strands.

radioactive matter is added to it. A banding pattern appears.

P6: An X-ray film is produced and the positions of black bands
are compared with the part of DNA treated with radioactive
matter.

MAXIMUM: 4 marks
(ii) Able to state the advantages and disadvantages of
DNA fingerprinting
Sample answer:

Advantages:

P1: DNA fingerprinting is more accurate than common

fingerprinting as no two people have the same DNA
1

fingerprints.
P2: DNA fingerprinting is more efficient than blood-type
identification because many people have the s a m e

blood type

P3: DNA fingerprinting requires only a small amount of DNA to 1

obtain a highly accurate result
P4: DNA samples last longer than fingerprints.
P5: Mixed DNA samples can still be used.
P6: DNA evidence is harder to clean up compared to
fingerprints.

1
1
6

Disadvantages:
P7: D N A samples ma y be degraded b y addi ng
chemicals, and this will affect the accuracy of the technique.
P8: Human errors are possible when different procedures
and standards are used in DNA fingerprinting.
MAXIMUM: 6 marks
TOTAL

20 marks

9(a)

(i) Able to explain why most plants cannot colonise and

grow in the swamps.
Sample answer:
P1: The ground is too soft and unable to support plants,
P2: The water-logged / muddy swamps provide very little
oxygen for root respiration.
P3: The swamp water has a high concentration of salt and is
hypertonic.
P4: The plants growing in swamp will have the problem of
dehydration.
P5: Seeds that fall into the muddy swamp will die of
dehydration / insufficiency of oxygen.
P6: The swamp is exposed to strong sunlight and intense
heat.
P7: As a result, the plants growing there will lose water very
fast by transpiration.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5

MAXIMUM: 5 marks
(ii) Able to explain how the mangrove trees adapt
themselves to the harsh living conditions

1
1

Sample answer:
P1: Root system which is highly branched and spreads over a
big area to give good support to the plants.
P2: Pneumatophores (breathing roots) which grow protruding
upwards above the ground.
P3: The plant cells have high concentration of cell sap.
P4: Hence, the cells are able to withstand the high salt
content of the
swamp.
P5: Excess salt is eliminated through hydatodes found at the
lower epidermis of leaves.
P6: Viviparous seeds
which germinate while still
attached to the parent plant.
P7: The long radical produced will let the seedling stick into
the ground and not submerge or drift away.
P8:Thick cuticle and sunken stomata which help to reduce the
rate of transpiration.

1
1

MAXIMUM: 5 marks
(b)
Able to describe the effects of unplanned development
and improper management of the ecosystem.
P1: The leave canopy in the forest protects the soil from
excess rain water.
P2: When the forest is cleared, the soil is exposed to rain
(water) / wind.
P3: this will cause soil erosion
P4:The soil that is exposed to wind will be blown to
another area,
P5: while soil that is exposed to rain water will be eroded
and deposited at the bottom of the river / pond /lake.
P6:The soil at the hill slopes can (also) be washed away by
heavy rain water
P7: resulting in land slides.
P8: (The deposited soil will) cause the water level to increase
rapidly when it rains and
P9: this will in turn cause flash floods.
P10:Wild life species will also be threatened
P11: when their habitat is destroyed.
P12: Global warming will occur
P13:due to an increase in the Earth's temperature,
P14:which is caused by excess emissions of carbon
dioxide/ methane/ CFC /nitrogen dioxide (into the
atmosphere).
P15:These gases trap the heat that is reflected by the Earth.
P16:The thinning of the ozone layer occurs
P17: when the ozone layer (that protects the Earth from
ultraviolet radiation) is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC).
MAXIMUM: 10 marks

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

TOTAL

20 marks

20 marks

SULIT

4551/3

SULIT
4551/3
Biology
September
2009
1 jam

NAMA : .
ANGKA GILIRAN : .

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2009

BIOLOGY
Kertas 3
Satu jam tiga puluh minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA
DIBERITAHU
1. Tulis nama dan tingkatan pada ruangan
yang disediakan
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Markah
Markah
Soalan
penuh diperolehi
1

33

17

Jumla
h

50

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului

soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau
sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa
Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu.

5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman

belakang kertas soalan ini.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak

@PKPSM Pahang

INFORMATION FOR
CANDIDATES MAKLUMAT
UNTUK CALON
1. This question paper consists of two questions. Question 1 and Question 2.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua soalan. Soalan 1 dan Soalan 2.
2. Answer all questions. Write your answer for Question 1 in the spaces
provided in the question paper.
Jawab semua soalan. Jawapan anda bagi Soalan 1 hendaklah ditulis
pada ruangan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.
3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the answer sheet. You may use
equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain
your answer.
Jawapan anda bagi Soalan 2 hendaklah ditulis dalam helaian tambahan
yang
dibekalkan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual,
graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah.
5. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali
dinyatakan.
6. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part question are shown in
brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan
ditunjukkan dalam kurungan.
7.

If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have
done. Then write down the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.

8. The time suggested to completed Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2

is 45 minutes.
Anda dinasihatkan supaya mengambil masa 45 minit untuk menjawab
Soalan 1 dan 45 minit untuk Soalan 2
9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh
diprogram.
10. Hand in this question paper at the end of examination.
Serahkan soalan dan jawapan di akhir peperiksaan.

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan
1 An experiment was carried out to determine the concentration of sucrose solution
which is isotonic to the cell sap of potato strips.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kepekatan larutan sukrosa
yang isotonik kepada sap sel jalur ubi kentang.
The following steps were carried out .
Langkah-langkah berikut telah dijalankan .
Step 1

Langkah 1 :
Step 2

Langkah 2 :
Step 3

Langkah 3 :

A cork boarer is used to obtain four cylindrical potato strips and each
strip was cut at 5 mm long.
Satu penebuk gabus digunakan untuk mendapatkan empat jalur ubi
kentang dan setiap jalur dipotong sepanjang 5 mm.
The potato strip was wiped dry with tissue paper and weighed
individually.
Jalur ubi kentang dilap kering dengan kertas tisu dan setiap satu
ditimbang.
Each strip was immersed in petri dish containing different concentration
of sucrose solution.
Setiap jalur direndam ke dalam piring petri yang mengandungi larutan
sukrosa berbeza kepekatan.

Step 4
:
Langkah 4 :

After 30 minutes ,the potato strips were removed and wiped dry again.
Selepas 30 minit, jalur ubi kentang dikeluarkan dan sekali lagi dilap
kering.

Step 5
:
Langkah 5:

The final mass of each potato strip was weighed and then recorded.
Jisim akhir setiap jalur ubi kentang diukur dan direkodkan.

Diagram 1 shows the initial mass for each potato strip.

Diagram 1
Initial mass of potato strip :
Jisim awal jalur ubi kentang

gm

Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Type of solution
Jenis larutan

Final mass of potato strip after 30 minutes / gm

Jisim akhir jalur ubi kentang selepas 30 minit / gm

0.2 M
sucrose solution
0.2 M
larutan sukrosa

0.4 M
sucrose solution
0.4 M
larutan sukrosa

0.6M
sucrose solution
0.6 M
larutan sukrosa

0.8M
sucrose solution
0.8 M
larutan sukrosa

Table 1
Jadual 1
4

1 (a) (i)

(ii)

(b) (i)

Record the initial mass of potato strip in the space provided in Diagram 1.
Rekodkan jisim awal jalur ubi kentang dalam ruangan yang disediakan pada
Rajah 1
Record the final mass of potato strip in the boxes provided in Table 1.
Rekodkan jisim akhir jalur ubi kentang dalam kotak yang disediakan
dalam Jadual 1.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

For
Examiners
Use

1 (a)
3

State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.
Observation 1/ Pemerhatian 1:

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2 :
1 (b)(i)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii)

State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b)(i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b)(i).
Inference from observation 1/ Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:
.
.
Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:
1(b)(ii)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

For
Examiners
Use

(c)

Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
Variables
Pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
.

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
.

..

1(c)

Table 2
Jadual 2
(d)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

1(d)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(e) (i)

Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam
eksperimen ini.

For
Examiners
Use

Your table should have the following aspects :

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut :
-

concentration of sucrose solutions

kepekatan larutan sukrosa
initial mass of potato strips
jisim awal jalur ubi kentang
final mass of potato strips
jisim akhir jalur ubi kentang
percentage change in mass of potato strips
peratus perubahan jisim jalur ubi kentang

1 (e)(i)
3

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii)

Use the graph paper provided to answer this question .

Using the data in 1(e)(i) , draw a graph to show the relationship between
the percentage change in mass of potato strips and the the concentration
of the sucrose solutions .
1 (e)(ii)
Guna kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini.
Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis satu graf untuk menunjukkan hubungan
antara peratus perubahan jisim jalur ubi kentang dengan kepekatan larutan
sukrosa.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(f)

Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), state the concentration of the sucrose

solution which is isotonic to the concentration of the cell sap of the potatoes.
Explain your answer.

For
Examiners
Use

Berdasarkan graf di 1(e)(i),nyatakan kepekatan larutan sukrosa yang

isotonic kepada kepekatan sap sel ubi kentang.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

(g)

1 (f)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
State the operational definition for osmosis.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi osmosis.

1 (g)
3

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(h)

The potato strip from 0.6M sucrose solution was taken out and was dried
with tissue paper. Then it was immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes.
Based on the results of this experiment, predict what will happen to the
potato strip.
Explain your prediction.
Jalur ubi kentang dari 0.6M larutan sukrosa telah dikeluarkan dan
dikeringkan menggunakan kertas tisu. Kemudian ia direndam dalam larutan
air suling selama 30 minit.
Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, ramalkan apa yang berlaku
kepada jalur ubi kentang tersebut.
Terangkan ramalan anda.

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

1(h)
3

(i)

In another experiment,it was found that a mustard stem strip that was
immersed in 0.8% natrium chloride solution did not undergoes change in
mass.
Dalam eksperimen lain didapati bahawa satu jalur batang sawi yang
telah direndamkan kedalam larutan natrium klorida 0.8% tidak mengalami
perubahan jisim.

For
Examiners
Use

The following solutions are used in this experiment.

Larutan berikut telah digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
0.25% natrium chloride solution, 0.8% natrium chloride solution,
1.10% natrium chloride solution.
0.25% larutan natrium klorida, 0.8% larutan natrium klorida, 1.10%
larutan natrium klorida.
Classify the above solutions into Table 2.
Klasifikasikan larutan di atas ke dalam Jadual 2.
.
Solution
Types of solution compared to
concentrations
Kepekatan larutan
(%)

the osmotic concentration of cell

sap
Jenis larutan dibandingkan

1(i)

dengan kepekatan osmotik sap

sel

Table 2
Jadual 2.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
The percentage change in mass of potato strips and the concentration of the
sucrose solutions .
Perubahan peratus jisim jalur ubi kentang dengan kepekatan larutan sukrosa

2. Transpiration is the loss of water vapour through evaporation in living

plants.The rate of transpiration is affected by external conditions.

A group of students is given the apparatus and materials to investigate one of

the external conditions.
Transpirasi i alah kehilangan wap air melalui penyejatan di dala m tumbuhan
yang hidup. Kadar transpirasi dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor persekitaran.
Sekumpulan p elajar d ibekalkan d engan b ahan-bahan dan peralatan untuk
mengkaji salah satu daripada faktor persekitan tersebut.

Diagram 2

Based on Diagram 2, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of

air movement (wind) on the rate of transpiration.
The planning of the experiment should cover the following aspects :
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, rancangkan satu ekperimen untuk mengkaji kesan
udara yang bergerak ( angin) ke atas kadar transpirasi.
Perancangan eksperimen tersebut mestilah meliputi aspek-aspek yang
berikut :

Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah
Aim of investigation
Tujuan ekperimen
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Variables
Pembolehubah

List of apparatus and materials

Senarai bahan dan peralatan
Technique used
Teknik yang digunakan
Experimental procedure or method
Kaedah / cara ekperimen dijalankan
Presentation of data
Persembahan data
Conclusion
Kesimpulan

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

[ 17 marks ]

MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY 3 (4551/3)
SPM TRIAL EXAMINATION

2009

Question1
1 (a)(i) (ii) KB0603 Measuring Using Numbers
Scor
e
3

Explanation
Able to record 1 reading for the initial mass and all 4 readings for the
final mass of potato strips correctly .
Sample Answer:
Initial mass : 50 gm

Type
of
solution
Final mass of
potato strip
after 30
minutes
( gm)

0.2M
58
0.4M
52
0.6M
46
0.8M
42

Able to record 1 reading for the initial mass and all 3 readings for the
final mass of potato strips correctly .

Able to record any 1 reading for the initial mass and all 2 readings for
the final mass of potato strips correctly .

No response or 1 reading for the initial mass and 1 reading for the final
mass .

1 (b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

2

Explanation

Scor
e

Able to state two correct observations based on the following criteria :

[Observation must have values for MV and RV from Table 1 or
comparison between two readings.]
MV : Concentration of sucrose solution
RV : The final mass of potato strip
3

Sample answer:
1. In 0.2M sucrose solution, the final mass of potato strip is 58 gm.
2. The final mass of potato strip immersed in 0.8M sucrose solution is
42 gm.
3. The final mass of potato strip immersed in 0.8M sucrose solution is
less than the final mass of potato strip immersed in 0.2M sucrose
solution // inversely
Able to state two different observations inaccurately OR without values.

Sample Answer:
1. At concentration 0.8 M, the final mass is the lowest // inversely.
2. The highest concentration of sucrose solution, the final mass is 58
gm // inversely.
3. The concentration of sucrose solution influences the final mass of
potato strip .
Able to state two different observations at idea level.

Sample Answer:
1. The concentration changes / increases / decreases.
2. The final mass of potato strip changes /increases /decreases.
No response or wrong response.
Scoring

Scor
e
Corre
ct
Inacc
urate
Idea
Wron
g
3
2
2
1
1
-

2
-

1
1
1
-

2
-

1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 Making inference]

Explanation

Scor
e

Able to state two inferences for each observation made correctly and
accurately for each observation and equivalent in 1(b)(i).

Sample answers:
1. (At concentration of 0.2M), water molecule diffuse into the cell.
2. (At concentration of 0.8M), water molecule diffuse out of the cell.
3. More water molecule diffuse out of the cell at 0.8M but
more water diffuse into the cell at 0.2M.
Able to state any two inferences inaccurately .

Sample answers:
1. More water molecule diffuse .
2. The diffusion of water is influenced by concentration
Able to state two inferences at idea level.

Sample Answer:
1. Osmosis occurs.

No response OR wrong response.

Scoring:

Score
Correct
Inaccurat
e
Idea
Wrong
3
2
2
1
1
-

2
-

1
1
1
-

2
-

1
1

1 (c) [KB0610 Controlling Variables]

Scor
e
3

Explanation
Able to state all 3 variables and the methods to handle the variable
correctly.
Sample Answer :

Variables
Method to handle the
variable correctly
Manipulated variable:
Concentration of sucrose
solution
Use 0.2M,0.4M,0.6M and
0.8M / different
concentration of sucrose
solution
Responding variable :
Final mass of potato strip //
percentage change in mass
of potato strip
Using a triple beam
balance measure and
record the final mass of
potato strip // Calculate
the percentage change in
mass of potato using
formula:
Final mass-Initial mass X
100%
Initial mass

Constant variable:
1. Duration of immersion /
2. Length / mass of the
potato strip / Volume of
sucrose solution
1. Fix the time of 30

minutes to immersed
the potato strip.
2. Used the length of
5mm / Fix the mass at
50 gm.

Able to state 4-5 correctly.

Able to state 2-3 correctly

No response or only one criteria correct.

1 (d) [KB0611 Making Hypothesis]

Scor
e

Explanation
Able to state a hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable and
responding variable correctly with following aspects:
P1 : Stating manipulated variable.
P2: Stating responding variable
H : Showing a specific relationship/ showing direction of relationship

Sample Answer :
1. As the concentration of sucrose solution increases, the final mass
of potato strip decreases // the percentage change in mass
decreases.
2. As the concentration of sucrose solution increases / decreases,
the final mass of potato strip increases /decreases // the
percentage change in mass increases // decreases
Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable inaccurately.

Sample Answer:
1. The increase of the concentration of sucrose solution influences /
affects the final mass of potato strip.
2. The percentage change in mass of potato strip is affected by
concentration of sucrose solution.
Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable at idea level.

Sample Answer :
1. Final mass of potato strip / concentration of sucrose solution
changes.
2. As the final mass of potato strip increases the percentage change
increases.
No response or wrong response if no P1 or P2 no mark for each.
9

1 (e) (i) [KB0606 Communication]

Scor
e
3

Explanation
Able to construct a table correctly with the following aspects:
1 : Able to state the 4 titles with units correctly.
2 : Able to record all the data correctly.
3 : Able to calculate and record percentage change correctly
Sample answer :

10

Concentration of
sucrose solution
(M)
Initial mass
(gm) Final
mass (gm)
Percentage change in
mass
Final mass-Initial mass
X 100
Initial mass
(%)
0.2
50
58
16.0
0.4
50
52
4.0
0.6
50
46
-8.0
0.8
50
42
-16.0

11

2
1
0

Any two aspects correct

Any one aspect correct
No response or wrong response.

1 (e)(ii) [KB0612 Relationship between space and time]

Explanation

Scor
e

Able to draw the graph correctly with the following aspects:

P(paksi)
3

2
1

: Corrected title with unit on both horizontal, vertical axis and

uniform scale on the axis.
T(titik)
: All points plotted / transferred correctly.
B(bentuk) : Able to join the points to form a smooth graph / line
Able to state any two correct.
Able to state any one correct
No response or wrong response.

1 (f) [KB0608 Interpreting Data]

12

Explanation

Scor
e

Able to interpret data correctly and explain with the following aspects :
Relationship :
P1 = Able to state the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic
to the cell sap
3

Explanation
P2 = K Linmacam tak lengkap aje..
P3 = Able to state
Sample answer :
Produced (P3).
Able to interpret data with two aspects correctly.

2
Able to interpret data only one aspect correctly.
1
No response or wrong response.
0
1 (g) [KB0609 Defining by Operation ]
Explanation

Scor
e

Able to define operationally based on the result of the experiment with the
following aspects:
P1 : Movement of water in / out
P2 : Plasma membrane of the potato cells
P3 : Difference in concentration gradient between the sucrose solution
and the cell sap.
3
Sample answer:
1. Osmosis is a process in which water molecules entering / leaving the
potato strips (P1) across the plasma membrane of the potato strip (P2)
when there is a difference in concentration gradient between the
sucrose solution and the cell sap (P3).
2

Able to define operationally based on the result of the experiment with two
aspects correctly.
13

1
0

Able to define operationally based on the result of the experiment with

only one aspects correctly.
No response or wrong response

1 (h) [KB0605 Predicting]

Explanation

Scor
e

Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with
the following aspects:
Prediction :
P1 : Able to predict the mass of the potato strip correctly.

Explanation :
P2 : Able to state distilled water is hypotonic
P3 : Able to state more water molecules diffuse into the potato strip
Sample answer:
1. The mass of the potato strip increases more than 46 gm // any
values more than 46 gm .Water molecules diffused into the potato
strip because distilled water is hypotonic.
** P1 must be correct to get P2 & P3, if P1 wrong automatically
reject P2 & P3 - for score 3, 2, 1

2
1

Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with
the two aspects
.
Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with
one aspect correctly.
No response or wrong response.

1(i) [KB0602 Classifying]

Able to classify all 3 solutions concentration and types of solution
14

correctly:
Solution
concentrations
Kepekatan larutan
(%)
Types of solution
compared to the
osmotic concentration
of cell sap
Jenis larutan
dibandingkan dengan
kepekatan osmotik sap
sel
0.25% natrium chloride
solution
Hypotonic
3

0.8% natrium chloride

solution
Isotonic

1.10% natrium chloride

solution.
Hypertonic

Able to classify 2 solutions concentration and types of solution correctly

15

Able to classify 1 solution concentration and types of solution correctly

1
No response or wrong response

Question 2

KB061201 ( Problem statement)

Score

Criteria
Able to state the problem statement correctly :
C1 : Manipulated variable
C2 : Responding variable
R : Question form and have relationship

3
Sample Answer :
1. How does air movement affect the rate of transpiration ?
2. How does ( wind) affect the rate of transpiration ?
** Without question mark (?) score 2
2

Able to give a statement of identified problem but incomplete.

16

Sample Answer:
1. Does air movement have a relationship with the rate of
transpiration ?
2. Does wind have a relationship with the rate of
transpiration ?

Able to give idea of a statement of identified problem.

Sample Answer:
1. What is the effect of air movement / wind?

No response or wrong response

KB061202( Making Hypothesis )

Score
3

Criteria
Able to state the hypothesis correctly by relating two variables.
Criteria set:

C1 : State the manipulated variable

C2 : State the responding variable
R : Show the specific relationship and direction between the
manipulated variable and the responding variable.
Answer must have C1, C2 and R
17

Sample Answer :

1. The higher the air movement , the higher the rate of

transpiration.
2. The higher the wind , the higher the rate of
transpiration

Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the

manipulated variable to the responding variable.

Answer must have C1 and C2 but without correct relationship

2
Sample Answer :
1. The air movement affect the rate of transpiration
2. The wind affect the rate of transpiration
Able to state an idea of a statement of hypothesis.

Sample Answer:
1. The air movement / wind increases.

No response or wrong response

KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation)

18

Score
3

Criteria
Scoring Criteria :
Able to state 7- 9 planning investigation of experiment following :

Problem statement (PS) idea

Aim of investigation / Objective (Ob) Relation between C1
and C2
Sample answer
1. To investigate the effect of air movement / wind on the rate of
transpiration.

Statement of hypothesis (Hp) idea

States variables (Vr)
All three variables must be correct :

Manipulated variable : Moving air / wind

Responding Variable : Time taken by the air bubble to move
a distance of 2 cm.
Constant Variable : Temperature / Relative humidity / light
intensity

List of materials and apparatus (AM)

Technique (Tq) Correctly and accurately
Bonus 1/B1 = 1 mark

Sample Answer:

19

Record the time taken for the bubble to move a distance of 2 cm

using a stopwatch.

Procedure / Method of investigation (K) must have at least one

criteria either K1 / K2 / K3 /K4 /K5
Data presentation // presentation of result (RD) Have table
with 3 titles with correct units and no data is required

Sample Answer :

20

External condition
Time taken for the
air bubble to move
a distance of 2 cm
(seconds)
Rate of
transpiration
(mms-1)

1
2
3
Average

Using the fan / air

movement ( wind)

Without fan / no
air movement

21

1
0

Scoring Criteria :
State 4 - 6 items
Scoring Criteria:
State 1 - 3 items
No response or wrong response

KB061204 ( Method / procedure of investigation)

Score

Criteria
Able to state all five criteria K1,K2, K3, K4 and K5 :

Criteria :
3

K1 : Preparation of materials & apparatus (any 5)

- Cut a leafy balsam / named plant shoot
- The capillary tube and rubber tubing are filled with water.
- The leafy shoot is inserted into the rubber tubing under water.
- The capillary tube is lifted up above the water surface to trap an air
bubble.
- The capillary tube is placed back into the beaker of water and kept
upright using a retort stand.
- A fan is used to create condition air movement .
- Steps 5-9 is repeated twice to obtained an average reading.
- The experiment is repeated without using the fan .
- The results are recorded in a table.
22

- The rate of transpiration is calculated.

Remark :
Able to state any five (K) steps to get P1.

K2 : Operating Fixed variable

- The potometer is placed at room temperature ,37 oC

K3 : Operating responding variable

- Record the time taken by the air bubble to move a distance
of 2 cm using a stopwatch

K4 : Operating manipulated variable

-

Repeat the experiment without using fan.

K5 : Precaution / Accuracy of experiment (Any 1)

State one precaution steps in the experiment.
Sample Answer:
- Cut a leafy balsam / named plant shoot slantly under water
- The leaves are wiped dry .
- Some vaseline Is smeared around the rubber tubing

Sample Answer:
Method / Procedure :

23

1. Cut a leafy balsam / named plant shoot slantly under water to

prevent air from entering the xylem.
1. The capillary tube and rubber tubing are filled with water.
2. The leafy shoot is inserted into the rubber tubing under water.
3. The leaves are wiped dry. Some vaseline is smeared around the
rubber tubing to make the apparatus airtight.
4. The potometer is placed in a beaker of water for 5 minutes at
room temperature to allow water to move up the capillary tube.
5. The capillary tube is lifted up above the water surface to trap an
air bubble.
6. The capillary tube is placed back into the beaker of water and
kept upright using a retort stand.
7. Mark two points , P and Q at a distance of 2 cm apart on the
capillary tube.
8. A fan is used to give air movement.
9. A stopwatch is activated and the distance travel by the air
bubble from P to Q point is recorded.
10. Steps 5-9 is repeated twice to obtained an average reading.
11. The experiment is repeated without using fan.
12. The results are recorded in a table.
13. The rate of transpiration is calculated.
2

Able to state 4 criteria

Able to state 2-3 criteria

No response or wrong response

KB061205 (Listing of Materials and Apparatus)

Skor
3

Perkara
Abble to state all the materials and apparatus:
Sample Answer:

24

Materials :
*Leafy balsam shoot,
*distilled water
vaselin

Apparatus :
*capillary tube,* rubber tubing,
beaker,*stopwatch,*fan
marker
pen/thread,
tissue
paper/cloth , retort stand

Able to state two of the * materials and four * apparatus

Able to state two of the * materials and two *apparatus including

No response or wrong response

Mark:
3X5

= 15 marks

B1 = 1 mark( technique)
B2 = 1 mark( Data presentation)
TOTAL = 17 marks

END OF MARKNG SCHEME

25

26