Rem-Sed007-11 Ujv Rev0 3

www.stevenson.
cz
SeismicQualificationofNPPStructures,
SystemsandEquipmentComponents
MarekTengler
SeismicEngineeringKnowledgeTransferSeminar
NuclearResearchInstitutein e,November2125,2011
remsed00711.ujv.rev0
STEVENSON AND ASSOCIATES Office in Czech Republic a. s., Vejprnicka 56, CZ 318 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
www.stevenson.cz
TOPICS
OverviewofExistingStandards
PrinciplesofEquipmentSeismicQualification(SQ)
AnalysisMethods
ExperimentalMethods
MethodologyofSQincludingGIPandPracticalExamples
SeismicQualificationofNPPStructures,SystemsandEquipmentComponents
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1.OVERVIEWOFEXISTINGSTANDARDS
National
Nuclear Law,
Convention on Nuclear
Safety
Documents of the National

Nuclear Authority,
relevant IAEA documents
Other relevant national and international codes, norms and

standards, industrial standards
as IEC, IEEE, ASME, PNAE, KTA etc.
HierarchyofLegislation,Codes,NormsandStandardsRelatedtoSeismicQualification
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2.OVERVIEWOFEXISTINGSTANDARDS (Contd)
~4500OtherStandardsCitedinRegulatoryDocuments
Reference:NUREG/CR5973,PNL8462Rev.3,CodesandStandardsandOtherGuidanceCitedinRegulatory
Documents,PublishedAugust1996.
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION
MOTHERHOOD STD.
IEC 980:1989
IEEE Std 344-2004
ASME QME-1-2007
Consequentialapplicablestandardsofseismicqualification:
Partialstandardsoftribalstandards:IECseries600682,600683
(standardsformechanicalandvibrationresistance)
Specificstandards:IEC255213,C37.981987,IEEEStd3822006,
IEEEStd3171983etc.
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION INTRODUCTION
WithintheseismicsectionoftheEQprogram,allsafetyrelated
equipmentmustproveitsseismicadequacytowithstandtheeffectsof
theearthquakecorrespondingtothemaximumdesignearthquake(SSE,
S2,SL2).Onepartoftheseismicadequacyverificationisthe
demonstrationtheequipmentiscapabletowithstandthecumulative
degradationeffectoffiveprojectdesignearthquakes(OBE,S1,SL1),
whichmustnotaffecttheresistanceoftheequipmenttotheimpactof
themaximumdesignearthquake(SSE,S2,SL2).
Theseismicqualificationmustassuretheequipmentwillholdits
capabilitytoperformtherequiredsafetyfunctionsduringand/oraftera
seismiceventkeepingsuchastatethatcorrespondstotheendofits
qualifiedlife.
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION SEISMICCLASIFICATION
TheequipmentofanNPPsafetysystemsisgroupedintoseismicclasses (sub
classes)accordingtothefollowingdefinitions(Generaldefinition):
1(A)fullfunctionalityisrequireduptoandincludingthemaximumdesign
earthquakelevel(SSE,S2,SL2).
1(B)onlymechanicalintegrityisrequired(i.e.strengthandleaktightness)in
accordancewithrelevantstrengthstandardsandregulations;partialfailuresof
thefunctionalityareadmitteduptoandincludingthemaximumdesign
earthquakelevel(SSE,S2,SL2).
1(C)onlystabilityisrequired,i.e.toavoidseismicinteractionswithotherSSC
(tokeepthestablepositionmostly);partialfailuresofthefunctionalityaswell
asthemechanicalintegrityareadmitteduptoandincludingthemaximum
designearthquakelevel(SSE,S2,SL2).
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION SEISMICINPUT
Seismicconditions ofthebuildings arerepresentedbyrequiredresponse
spectra(RRS)ofthelocations,onwhichtheequipmentsubjecttoqualification
isinstalled.
FiguresonnextpageshowanexampleoftheRRS(smoothed)formaximum
designearthquake(SSE,S2,SL2).
ThesmoothingofcalculatedRRScanbedoneusingthemethoddescribedinUS
NRCRG1.122.
Thespectrashallcorrespondtothesignificantplaces(floororstructures)
situatedinsidetheseismicclassifiedcivilstructures(buildings)whereclassified
equipmenttobeinstalled.
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION SEISMICINPUT(Contd)
RRSenvelope,horizontaldirection.Earthquake RRSenvelope,verticaldirection.Earthquake
levelSSE,S2,SL2
levelSSE,S2,SL2.
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Theaccelerationsneededtodeterminetheseismicexcitationwiththeintensityofthe
projectdesignearthquake(OBE,S1,SL1)arederivedfromtheshownRRSofmaximum
designearthquakeastheonehalfoftheaccelerationRRSSSE(S2,SL2)forthespecified
frequency.
Fortheequipmentwhichisconnectedwithapipelinesysteminaverygoodmanner,
liketemperaturesensors,valveactuatorsetc.,andwhichrequirethedemonstrationof
theirfunctionality,aspecifictechniqueoftheseismicqualificationneedstobeapplied.
Suchequipmentactsasthepipelinecomponentsandtheyaresubjectedtoveryhard
seismicloads.Theseloadsaregeneratedintheplaceoftheequipmentastheseismic
responseofthepipelinesystem.Amplifiedexcitationforcesareofthediscretenature
withasingledominantfrequency.Toqualifytheequipmentconnectedwithpipeline
systemstheseismicexcitationderivedfromtheRIMcurvemustbeadditionallyapplied
togenericseismicqualificationRRStests.
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RequiredInputMotion(RIM)curve(seeIEEEStd382).LevelSSE,S2,SL2.
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2.SEISMICQUALIFICATION METHODS
Todemonstratetheseismicadequacyofseismiccategory1structures,systems
andequipmentcomponentsthefollowingmethodsareused:
(a)seismicanalyses(mainpipelines,mainmechanicalcomponents,
anchorageofequipment),
(b) seismictests(activemechanicalcomponents,electricalandI&C
components),
(c)earthquakeexperienceandindirectprocedures(smallborepipes,HVAC
ducts,additionalapproachtoverifyseismicadequacyofequipment
componentsasmountedusingtheGIPVVERprocedure).
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4.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICANALYSIS
Purpose:Tedeterminedcriticalresponseparametersofequipmenttobe
evaluatedforoperationalandseismicloadsbycalculation.
Generalmethodsofresponsecalculation:
Handcalculus(simplyequation);
FiniteElementMethod;
Combinationofbothabovementioned.
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4.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICANALYSIS(Contd)
Methodsofthecalculationofseismicresponse
- Staticanalysisforstiffcomponentswithnaturalfrequencyabove33Hz;
Equivalentstaticanalysisforsimplycomponents
Responsespectramethodcomplexcomponentslineardynamicbehavior
assumed
Timehistorymethodcomplexcomponentslinearandnonlineardynamic
behaviorassumed
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Assessmentofbaseparametersofcomponentcapacity
- Integrityofpressureboundary(housing,nozzles);
Capacityofinternals;
Supports(supportingstructure)capacity;
Anchor/fixtureresistance.
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Assessmentofperformancecapabilityofcomponent
Inaddition,fordocumentationofperformancecapability(functionality)of
activemechanicalcomponentsareevaluatedparametersthataffectingtheir
performanceofdemandedsafetyfunction:
- Totalrelativedisplacementsofmovingandstaticpartstoassesstheir
collisionsduringinducedseismicmotionsdepletionofdesignspacings
betweenparts.
Totalreactionforcesandoveralldisplacementsinpointofpartsplacing
jamingofbearings.
Totaldeformationinplacesofacontactofsealingareasviolationof
pressuretightness.
- Otherspecificparametersrelatingtoevaluatedcomponent.
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4.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICANALYSIS EXAMPLE
MathFEmodeloftheflapvalveDN1000
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4.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICANALYSIS EXAMPLE(Contd)
SeismicexcitationRIMaccordinglyIEEEStd3822006
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MaximumresultingdistributionoftotaldisplacementsatexcitationinZ
direction,max.11.4mm
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Evaluation Maximum Displacements

Place of maximum
displacement
Disc of flap
Loading
Max. displ. X
[mm]
Max. displ. Y
[mm]
Max. displ. Z
[mm]
Max. displ
[mm]
NOC
0,0
0,0
0,3
0,3
SSE X
1,5
2,0
1,5
2,6
SSE Y
4,7
5,6
2,9
5,7
SSE Z
1,1
1,6
11,3
11,4
Max. total
displacement
[mm]
Allowable
displacement
[mm]
11,5
20,0
Evaluation of sliding bearings in flap shaft

Loading
Fy
[kN]
Fz
[kN]
Stress
[MPa]
NOC
1,43
3,83
1,29
SSE X
5,00
1,07
1,62
SSE Y
12,25
1,24
3,90
SSE Z
3,30
11,42
3,77
Max. stress
[MPa]
Allowable stress
[MPa]
5,19
30,0
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5.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICTEST GENERALLY
TheseismictestsofequipmentinNPPsaregenerallypreferredmethodsforthe
qualificationprogramof
Activetechnologicalequipment(e.g.valvesandtheiractuators)
Electricalequipment(e.g.switchgears)
I&Cequipment(cabinetsandpanels)
Sensitiveequipmentcomponentslikerelays,contactors,circuitbreakers,
transmitters,sensorsetc.
Theseismiccapacityofsuchequipmentinregardoftheirfunctionalityduringandafter
anearthquakeisimpossible,difficultorunreliabletoevaluatebyothermethods.
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5.QUALIFICATIONBYSEISMICTEST DIVISION
SEISMICINPUTMOTION
Singlefrequencymotion(withassumptiontheequipmentwillbesubjectedtosteady
vibrationswithonedominantfrequency,seeRIM,or,iftheexaminationofthe
naturalfrequenciesandthedampingvaluesoftheequipmentisperformed);
Multifrequencymotion(generallypreferredfortheverificationoftheseismic
capabilityoftheequipment,themotionsimulationisveryclosetothetypical
earthquakemotion).Inmultifrequencyseismictestingtwoapproachesareapplied:
o Testwithrandomexcitation(inputseismicmotionappliedonthetestpieceis
givenbysynthetictimehistory;TRScorrespondstorealquakemotion);
o Testwithcomplexsineexcitation(inputseismicmotionappliedonthetest
pieceisgivenbythesuperpositionofcomplexsinewaves)
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5.EXPERIMENTALMETHODS EXCITATIONDIRECTIONS
TESTSAMPLEORIENTATION
Singleaxistests(seismicinputmotionisappliedonlyinonedirection);
Biaxialtests(seismicinputmotionisappliedintwodirections)
o Biaxialinstallationtestingfortwoindependentdirections(seismicinputmotionfor
eachdirectionisstatisticallyindependent);
o Singleaxisinstallationtestsfortwodependentdirections(seismicplatformmoveson
inclinedplane);
Triaxialtests(seismicinputmotionappliedinthreedirections/axesofatestpiece
simultaneously).
o Triaxialinstallationtestperformedwithsimultaneousbutindependentinputwaveform
intothethreepreferredaxesofthespecimen;
o Biaxialinstallation(vertical/horizontal)testswithindependentsimultaneousexcitation
signalsinhorizontalandverticalplane.
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5.EXPERIMENTALMETHODS RRS
RequiredResponseSpectrum(RRS)istheresponsespectrumissuedbytheuserofthequalified
equipmentorbytheusersagentaspartofthespecificationforqualification.RRSrepresentsa
requirementtobemet.Theyarepreparedforallthreeorthogonalspacedirectionsoratleastfor
horizontalandverticaldirections.
RequiredResponseSpectrapreparation
Createdtocoverapplicationforwholebuilding/wholeplant;
EnvelopeofbroadenedandsmoothedFRSforequipmentinstallationlocation(equipment
anchoredtotherelevantfloor/structure);
MultipleofbroadenedandsmoothedFRSduetoexcitationappliedonlyinonedirection(factor
1.5);
MultipleofbroadenedandsmoothedFRSduetoequipmentinstallationonotherstructuresor
equipment(usingamplificationfactor);
Combinationofpreviousboth.
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5.EXPERIMENTALMETHODS RRSVS.TRS
TestResponseSpectra(TRS)arecalculatedfromtherecordingsoftheactualmotionofthe
shakingtable.TRSshallenveloptheRRSortheapplicableportionoftheRRStakingintoaccount
thedynamiccharacteristicsoftheequipmenttested(naturalfrequency).TRSshallbecomputed
with1/3octave(ornarrower)bandwidthresolution.
TRSandRRScomparisonismadefororallthreeorthogonalspacedirectionsoratleastfor
horizontalandverticaldirectionsandforfiveOBE(S1,SL1)earthquakesfollowedbyoneSSE(S2,
SL2)earthquakes.Howeverinsteadof5OBE(S1,SL1)earthquakesthespecimenmaybe
subjectedto2testscorrespondingtolevelSSE(S2,SL2).
TRSandRRSarecomparedwhichhavethesamedampingvalue.Recommendeddampingvalueis
5%damping.ItisacceptabletocompareRRSwithTRSofhigherdampingvaluethenisthe
dampingvalueofRRS,nevertheless,TRSmustenvelopRRS.
Iftheresonancephenomenadoesnotexistbelow5Hz,theRRSshouldbeenvelopedfor
frequencyvaluesabove3.5Hz.Bandwidth13.5Hz,howevershouldbecovereduptolevel
providedbytestingdevice.Ifresonancephenomenaexistbelow5Hz,TRSshallenvelopRRSfrom
1Hz.
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5.EXPERIMENTALMETHODS RRSVS.TRS(Contd)
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6.QUALIFICATIONBYEXPERIENCE/INDIRECTMETHOD
In1982havebeenestablishedSeismicQualificationUtilityGroup,wita
purposedofcoordinatingandfoundingworksondevelopmentofstudy
aboutbehaviorofmechanicalandelectricalcomponentsincaseof
destructiveearthquakes.
Firstphaseofthoseworksfinishedalreadyin1978,whenhavebeen
publishedreportdefined20equipmentclassesindentifiedasinevitable
forsafeshutdownofnuclearunits.
Thereportevaluatedfeaturesofdifferentequipmentclassesduring
severeearthquakeandfoundedcriteriaofseismiccapacity,i.e.caveats,
thathavebeendevelopedforeachequipmentclass.
Ithasbeenalsodeterminedthecapacityspectrumofequipment,so
called,BoundingSpectrum,BS.
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6.QUALIFICATIONBYEXPERIENCE/INDIRECTMETHOD
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6.QUALIFICATIONBYEXPERIENCEGIP
Thescopeofequipmentcoveredbythe currentversionoftheGIP procedureincludes, the
followingtwentyclassesofmechanicalandelectricalequipment:
(1)MotorControlCenters;
(11)Chillers;
(2)LowVoltageSwitchgears;
(12)AirCompressors;
(3)MediumVoltageSwitchgears;
(13)MotorGenerators;
(4)Transformers;
(14)EngineGenerators;
(5)HorizontalPumps;
(15)DistributionPanels;
(6)VerticalPumps;
(16)BatteriesonRacks;
(7)FluidOperatedValves;
(17)BatteryChargersand
Inverters;
(8)MotorOperatedandSolenoid
OperatedValves;
(18)InstrumentsonRacks;
(9)Fans(ventilators);
(19)TemperatureSensors;
(10)AirHandlers;
(20)I&CPanelsandCabinets.
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6.QUALIFICATIONBYEXPERIENCE GIP (Contd)

EuropeanandparticularlyVVERtyperelays,switches,transmittersandelectric
penetrationsaresignificantlydifferentfromthoseincludedintotheoriginalGIPdatabases.
Thesetwoclassesofequipmentarenotincludedinspecificmodifiedprocedurefor
EuropeanNPPs,socalledGIPVVERprocedure(orGIPInternational),andtheirseismic
verificationshallbebasedontesting.
Inadditiontotwentyclasseslistedabove,theGIPVVERprocedurealsoincludesguidelines
forsimplifiedanalyticalseismicevaluationofthefollowingclassesofequipment:
(23)CableSupportingStructures(basedmainlyontheEPRImethodology);
(24)Tanks,HeatExchanger,Filters(TANKVcomputercode,basedonthepublicavailable
documents);
(25)PipelinesandHVACDucts(basedonthepublicavailabledocuments).
GIPVVERalsoincludestwospecialguidelinestoverifyadequacyofanchorageandseismic
adequacyofnonbearingmasonrywalls.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE WALKDOWNPROCEDURE
TheGIPaswellastheGIPVVERortheDOEGIPisprimarilyascreeningandwalkdown
procedure.However,ifanequipmentitemisclassifiedasanoutlier,rigorous
approachesastestingonshakingtable,deepstudyofinputdata,sophisticatedanalysis
etc.maybeusedtoverifyitsseismicadequacy.Generally,fourmajorstepsofthis
procedurewhenappliedevaluationofseismicadequacyofclassesofequipment
identifiedaboveareasfollows:
selectionofSeismicReviewTeam(SRT);
identificationofequipmenttheseismicadequacyshallbeevaluatedandsetupthe
SeismicEquipmentList(SEL);
screeningverificationandwalkdowns;
outlieridentificationandresolution.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE WALKDOWNPROCEDURE(Contd)
AnengineeringjudgmentisthemajortoolusedbySRTduringthescreeningverification
andwalkdownstoevaluateseismicadequacyoftheequipment.TheSRTshouldinclude
thesystemengineers,plantoperationpersonnel,experiencedandprofessionally
trainedseismiccapacityengineers,andalsopersonneltoidentifyandevaluate
essentialrelays(ifnecessary).
Seismicevaluationengineersshouldhaveatleast3yearsexperienceinseismicdesign
orqualificationofnuclearsafetyrelatedstructures,systemsandcomponents.They
shouldhaveatleastabachelorsdegreeincivilormechanicalengineeringandformal
instructioninstructuraldynamicanalysis.Theyshouldalsohavecompletedatleasta3
daycourseincludingfieldanalysisintheuseofGIPVVERmethodologyinseismic
evaluationofnuclearfacilitysafetyrelatedSSCs.ItisforbiddentousetheGIPVVER
procedurewithoutdeepstudyofcorrespondingdocumentation,trainingandpractical
experience.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE CRITERIA
Thebasiccriteriatoverifyseismicadequacyofanequipmentitemduringthescreeningwalkdown
are(seealsoschema&flow):
seismiccapacitygreaterthanseismicdemand(bycomparisonofthecorresponding
ISRSRLE(SL2,SSE)orGRSRLE(SL2,SSE)totheBoundingSpectrum;
similaritytotheequipmentintheseismicexperiencedatabases(checkingofcaveats,based
onwalkdownandinformationavailablefromdocumentation);
adequateanchorageofequipment (calculationsorengineeringjudgment,basedonwalkdowns
andinformationavailablefromdocumentation);
potentialseismicinteractionsevaluated(basedonwalkdowns).
TheGIPVVERprocedureusestwoboundingspectra(BS):
(a) BSattachedtoPGA=0.33g(thesameasintroducedbySSRAPandusedbyGIP);
(b) BSattachedtoPGA=0.50g(1.5timesSSRAPBS)forselectedVVERequipmentclasses,which
areevidentlyrobustandrugged.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE SCHEMA&FLOW
START
DOES CAPACITY EXCEED

DEMAND?
NO
CHOOSE ALTERNATE METHODS

FOR CAPACITY/DEMAND
YES
CAPACITY/DEMAND OUTLIER
NO
ARE CAVEATS MET?
CHOOSE ALTERNATE METHODS

FOR CAPACITY
(DETAIL INVESTIGATION)
YES
CAVEAT OUTLIER
NO
IS ANCHORAGE ADEQUATE?
DETAIL INVESTIGATION
YES
ANCHORAGE OUTLIER
ARE INTERACTIONS
ACCEPTABLE?
NO
DETAIL INVESTIGATION
YES
INTERACTION OUTLIER
ARE FOUR ABOVE CRITERIA

MET?
NO
IDENTIFICATION AND RESOLUTION

OF OUTLIERS
YES
VERIFIED
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE CAPACITYSPECTRA
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE CAPACITYVS.DEMAND
A.ComparisonwithRLE(SL2,SSE)GroundResponseSpectra(GRS)2)
Thiscanbeusedwhentheequipmentitemismountedbelowabout12mabovethe
effectivegradeandwhenthenaturalfrequencyofequipmentisgreaterthan12Hz3)
BSGRSRLE(SL2,SSE)(5%damping)4)
B.ComparisonwithRLE(SL2,SSE)InStructureResponseSpectra(ISRS)
1.5xBSrealistic(median,mean,bestestimated)ISRSRLE(SL2,SSE)(5%damping)4)
Notes:
(1)Applyatleastoneofthesetworules,whichapplicable.
(2)ThecriterionAcanbeusedonlywiththewellrigidbuildingstructuresasthelowerconcrete
reactorbuilding.Donotusethiscriterionwithevidentlyflexiblebuildingstructures.
(3)Donotapplythe12Hzlimitforequipmentmountedonpipingsystems(valves,valveoperators
etc.).
(4)Thesecriteriashallbemetforallthreeorthogonalspatialdirections.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE SIMILARITY
SimilarityofVVERtypeequipmenttoequipmentincludedinthedatabases ofseismicresistant
equipmentisthemostimportantkeystoneofpracticalapplicationoftheGIPVVERprocedure.
Generally,theprincipalofsimilarityisbaseduponcomparisonofequipmentdynamicandphysical
characteristics.Theproceduretoestablishsimilaritywithinaneachequipmentclassincludesthe
followingcomparisons:
mostprobablemodesofmalfunction(basedonrecognizedbehaviorofallcriticaldevices);
predominantresonantandcriticalfrequenciesandmodeshapes;
criticaldamping;
mostimportantphysicalequipmentcharacteristics,like
equipmentsize,massandposition(vertical,horizontal,inclinedetc.);generalmaking,qualityof
making,ageofequipment;locationofthecenterofgravity,presenceandlocationof
cantileveredparts;implementationofheavyand/ormovinginternalparts;implementationof
supportsandanchorage;implementationofattachedlines,substructures,devicesetc.;
presenceofdevices(mechanicalorelectrical)sensitivetovibrationsandshocks.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE ANCHORAGE
Thescreeningapproachtoverifyofequipmentanchorageisbaseduponacombinationof
inspections,calculations,andengineeringjudgment.
Inspectionsconsistofmeasurementsandvisualevaluationsoftheequipmentanditsanchorage,
supplementedbyuseofplantdocumentationanddrawings.Calculationsshouldbeperformedto
comparetheanchoragecapacitytothecorrespondingloading(demand)imposeduponthe
anchorage.Engineeringjudgmentisalsoanimportantpartintheevaluationofequipment
anchorage.
Generally,evaluationtheadequacyofequipmentanchorageincludes:
anchorageinstallationinspection,
anchoragecapacitydetermination,
anchoragedemanddetermination,
comparisonofcapacitytodemand.
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6.GIPVVERPROCEDURE SEISMICINTERACTIONS
Thefourseismicinteractioneffectsthatareconsideredare:
proximity(impactsofadjacentequipmentorstructuresonsafetyrelatedequipment
duetotheirrelativemotionduringanearthquake),
structuralfailureandfallingofoverheadoradjacentstructures,systems,or
equipmentcomponents),
flexibilityofattachedlinesandcables,
floodingduetoearthquakeinducedfailuresoftanksorvessels.
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Documents of the National

Other relevant national and international codes, norms and

IEEE Std 344-2004

Evaluation Maximum Displacements

Evaluation of sliding bearings in flap shaft

6.QUALIFICATIONBYEXPERIENCE GIP (Contd)

DOES CAPACITY EXCEED

CHOOSE ALTERNATE METHODS

CHOOSE ALTERNATE METHODS

ARE FOUR ABOVE CRITERIA

IDENTIFICATION AND RESOLUTION

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