Title of project: The Intelligent Patient

Monitoring System Using GSM.

A Project Report
Submitted by

Jalpa Maheshwari .N (120750111023)

In fulfilment for the award of the degree
of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
Electronics & Communication
Under the Guidance of

Guide Name: Prof. Amit Patel

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ShankersinhVaghelaBapu Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

October, 2015
1

ShankersinhVaghelaBapu Institute of
Technology, Gandhinagar
Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering
2015
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the UDP entitled The Intelligent

Patient Monitoring System Using GSM has been
carried

out

by

Jalpa

Maheshwari

(120750111023),under my guidance in fulfilment of

the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics
and

Communication

Technological

(7th

University,

Semester)
Ahmadabad

of

Gujarat

during

the

academic year 2015-16.

Date:

Place:

SVBIT
Gandhinagar
Guide:
Examiner
(Prof. Amit Patel)

External

HOD:
(Rishikesh Bhavsar)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a pleasure for me to express my
sincere gratitude to those who have always
helped me for this project. First of all we are
humbly expressing thanks to our respected guide
Prof. Amit Patel for his valuable time and
constant help given to us. We would also like to
thank Prof. Ujjval Dave, Prof. Pratik Patel and Prof.
Amit Patel, Assistant Professor, Electronics &
Communication

Engineering

department

who

were always been ready to offer help at any time.

3

Finally, we are thankful to our all the faculty

members

of

Electronics

&

Communication

Engineering Department and all my friends who

have directly or indirectly helped us during this
project.

ABSTRACT
In This Fast Pace of life, it is Difficult for
people to be constantly available for their
near ones who might need them while they
are suffering from a disease or physical
disorder. So also constant monitoring of the
patients body parameters such as temp,
blood pressure, heart beat or heart rate,
pulse rate, sugar level etc. becomes difficult.
Hence to remove human error & lessen the
burden of monitoring patients health from
doctors

head,

methodology

this
for

paper

presents

monitoring

the

patients

remotely using GSM Network & Very large

scale integration (VLSI) technology.
Patient
monitoring
systems
physiological

characteristics

measure
either

continuously or at regular intervals of time.

KEY WORDS: GSM Network, VLSI technology.

CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER 1:-INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Heart Beat Sensor
..
1.2 Lm335 Temp.
Sensor..
1.3 Blood Pressure
Monitor.
CHAPTER 2:-LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Literature
Review...
CHAPTER 3:-HARDWARE AND BLOCK
DIAGRAM
6

3.1 Figure of Block

Diagram
3.2 Circuit
Diagram...
3.3 P.C.B Layout
3.4 Bridge Rectifier
3.5 Capacitor...
3.6 Resistor
3.7 IC7805 voltage
regulator
3.8 PIC18F46K22
Microcontroller
3.9 LCD 16*2 Char..
3.10 GSM SIM
300...
CHAPTER 4:-WORKING
4.1 Flow Chart
4.2 Algorithm..
CHAPTER 5:- RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion and future work
.
5.2 Application
.
CHAPTER 6:- REFERENCES:7

APPENDIX

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure

Figure Description

No.

Pag
e
No.

Heart Beat Sensor

2
3

LM335 Temp Sensor

Blood Pressure module

Block Diagram

Circuit Diagram

6
12
20

PCB Layout (PCB Design)

Bridge Rectifier

Capacitor

Resistor

10

IC 7805 Voltage Regulator

11

PIC18F46K22 Micro controller

12

LCD 16*2 Char

13

GSM SIM 300

LIST OF TABLES
Tabl

Table Description

Pa

ge

No.

No.

1.

HEART BEATSENSOR SPEC.

RESISTOR COLOUR CODE

PIN DESCRIPTION

4.

ELECTRICAL CHARECTERISTICS

5.

L.C.D PIN CONNECTIONS

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
Recently, the health care sensors are playing a vital
role in hospitals. The patient monitoring systems is one
of the major improvements because of its advanced
technology. So we are here, just connecting the
10

temperature sensor and heartbeat sensor so that

simultaneously we can monitor the patients condition
and hence ruling out the use of the thermometer and
other devices to check the condition of the patient. This
project describes the design of a simple, microcontroller
based heart rate & body temperature measuring device
with LCD output. Heart rate of the subject is measured
from the index finger using IRD (Infra Red Device
sensors and the rate is then averaged and displayed on
a text based LCD). Also Saline Level is measured
continuously for different levels. The device alarms
when the heart beat & the body temperature exceed
the provided threshold value. This threshold value is
defined by the programmer at the time of programming
the microcontroller. The threshold value given for the
project is as 20 to 120 pulses per minute for heart beat
indication & 18C to 38C for temperature. This
information i.e. the Heart Rate & the Body Temperature
and saline level is then transmitted wirelessly to the
doctor which in not in the vicinity of the patient through
GSM technique. The sensors measure the information
and transmit it through GSM Modem on the same
frequency as on which cell phones work.

1.1INTRODUCTION TO HEART
BEAT SENSOR
11

The sensor consists of a super bright red LED

and light detector. The LED needs to be super
bright as the maximum light must pass spread
in finger and detected by detector. Now, when
the heart pumps a pulse of blood through the
blood vessels, the finger becomes slightly
more opaque and so less light reached the
detector. With each heart pulse the detector
signal varies. This variation is converted to
electrical pulse. This signal is amplified
through an amplifier which outputs analog
voltage between 0 to +5V logic level signal. It
works on the principle of light modulation by
blood flow through finger at each pulse. Figure
4:Heart Rate Sensor TABLE 2. Specifications
Parameter Value Operating Voltage +5V DC
Regulated Operating Current 100 mA Output
Data Level 5V TTL Level Heart Beat Detection
Analog out Light Source 660 nm super red LED
Detector Photo Diode.

12

FIG-1 .1HEART BEAT

SENSOR

NO. -

Specifications

1.2LM335 TEMP. SENSOR

13

The LM335 temperature sensor is an easy to use,

cost-effective sensor with decent accuracy
(around +/- 3 degrees C calibrated). The sensor is
essentially a zener diode whose reverse
breakdown voltage is proportional to absolute
temperature.
Since the sensor is a zener diode, a bias current
must be established in order to use the device.
The spec sheet states that the diode should be
biased between 400 uA and 5 mA; we'll bias it at
2 mA. It is important to note that self-heating can
be a significant factor, which is why I'm not
choosing a higher bias current. The bias circuit is
as follows:

FIG-1.2 TEMP. SENSOR

The temperature sensor's voltage output is

related to absolute temperature by the following
equation: V out = VoutT0 * T / T0, where T0 is the
known reference temperature where VoutT0 was
measured. The nominal VoutT0 is equal to T0 *
10 mV/K. So, at 25 C, VoutT0 is nominally 298 K *
10 mV/K = 2.98 V (to be really accurate, we'd
need a reference temperature and a voltmeter,
but nominal values are OK for our purposes).
Thus, the voltage dropped between +5 and the
14

diode is 5V - 2.98V = 2.02V. In order to get 2 mA

bias current, we need a 1 K resistor for R1.

1.3 BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR

The blood pressure monitor (BPM) reference
design shows how to implement a system that
can measure arterial blood pressure values. The
system demonstrates control, data retention,
analogue acquisition, and connectivity functions,
as well as the ability to interface with a user.
These are achieved by using several free scale
devices. Normally, the blood pressure of adult is
120/80 and of child is 100/65. IF a patient is
having SYSTOLIC 140 and DYSTOLIC 90 then that
patient is suffering from hypertension.

15

FIG-1.3 BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR.

CHAPTER 2:- LITERATURE

REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION

The central idea of this research is to

develop low cost intelligent remote
monitoring system using mobile (cell
phone) with emphasis on its utilization in
rural areas. In past few years, there has
been tremendous rise in number of mobile
users in India. Due to widespread growth
of wireless cellular networks and drastic
reduction in call rates and handsets,
mobile usage has percolated all sections
of society from business magnates to
skilled and unskilled laborers like
16

carpenters, masons, farmers and even

dabbawalahs. Cell phone is gradually
emerging as powerful tool for many
commercial applications like train
reservation booking, banking, etc. Remote
monitoring of processes, machines, etc is
popular due to advances in technology
and reduction in hardware cost. Internet
based monitoring is one of common
approaches of remote monitoring. Cellular
networks provide Short Messaging Service
(SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service
(MMS), which have been utilized by many
researchers for telemetry applications
especially in medical field. Wireless sensor
networks (WSN) also offer attractive
opportunity for remote monitoring.
However, deployment entails substantial
investments in infrastructure. Major
applications of WSN are in field of
environment monitoring, defense, etc. The
research work presented here aimed to
provide cellular phone based remote
controlled smart embedded system with
various features to provide status of
17

system and fault detection capabilities. It

was observed that technological
capabilities of cellular phones have varied
widely during last decade from simple
voice and messaging features to very
powerful ones having high resolution
camera, high speed GPRS capabilities, etc
and connection interface have varied from
simple RS-232c based data link, USB
based link to wireless Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
based links. There have been rapid
advances in microcontroller technologies
and powerful processors with low power
consumption have been developed. Due to
diverse technological developments, work
was carried out on range of Nokia cell
phones starting from 3310 model which
works on F-Bus protocols to 2700 classic
which is Series 40 5th Edition model which
involved the use of Java ME platform.
Major focus of the work was to develop
system which can cater to the needs of
local rural population where industrial
firms are Intelligent Embedded System
based Remote Monitoring using Mobile
18

Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University,

Amravati, MS, India March 2011 Page 2
reluctant to invest due to lower returns
and lack of suitable infrastructural
facilities. The work has achieved
tremendous success in this regard as it is
able to offer remote control capability
using obsolete cell phone model and even
cell phone having non-working display and
operational cost can be minimized to
negligible level through novel concept of
miscalls. The work has been divided into
following subsections: A) Literature review,
analysis and building the research
objectives. B) Study of technical features
of various cell phone models for control
adaptation. C) Study and selection of
sensors, communication protocols and
microcontroller suitable for development
of prototype system. D) Design and
implementation of prototype systems
based on capabilities of selected Nokia cell
phone model, micro-controller, sensors
and cost factors. E) Conclusions,
Limitations of work and Future scope.
19

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature related to the research topic
has been reviewed for last twenty years in
order to find out work carried out by various
researchers. There are many systems for
remote monitoring and control designed as
commercial products or experimental
research platforms. It is noticed that most of
the research carried out belongs to the
following categories
Internet based Monitoring using Servers,
GPRS modems, etc. with different
approaches.
GSM-SMS protocols using GSM module
individually or in combination with
Internet Technologies.
Monitoring using Wireless Sensor
Networks.
Wireless Monitoring using Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee and RF.
E. Applications have varied widely like
Home Automation, Security Systems,
20

Biomedical applications, Agriculture,

Environment, Reservoir, Bridge health
monitoring, etc.

CHAPTER 3:-HARDWARE AND

BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

21

Fig-3.1 block diagram

22

FIG-3.2 circuit diagram

23

FIG-3.3 P.C.B LAYOUT

24

3.5 CAPACITORS:
In the capacitors non-conducting material is
put between two conducting plates.
The values of capacitors are measured in
micro farad (MF), neon farad (NF) or Pico farad
(PF).
The value of the capacitor and its working
voltage is printed on its body. The More the
working

voltage,

the

more

the

size

of

capacitor. As the increase the frequency, the

capacitor is decreased while at zero frequency
it has maximum resistor.
Capacitor is used for the reverse the a.c pulse
and is allowed to pass the constant d.c voltage.

25

Figure 3.4 Symbol of capacitor

Figure 3.5 capacitor

3.6 RESISTORS:
Some material is opposed the flow of the
current which is known as the resistors. It is
measured in ohms (). Its higher unites are K ()
and M(). Its value is printed on the resistors by
the color code resistors currents bearing capacity
is measured in walf. The size of resistor is increase
as the value if the walf capacity is increase. It is
generally used for the current controller, voltage
drop and to produce of heat.
There are four types of resistors:

Carbon
Wire wound
Potentiometer
Special resistors

26

NO-2 RESISTER COLOUR CODE

COLOUR
NAME
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Gray
White
Golden
Silver
No colour

FIRST
BAND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-

SECOND
BAND
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

THIRD
BAND
0
00
000
0000
00000
000000
0000000
00000000
000000000
.1
.01
-

FOURTH
BAND
5%
10%
20%

For example:
Consider one resistor which has four bands
Yellow
Violet
Green
Golden
For the different band there are different
colours

Yellow=4
Violet=7
Green=00000
Golden=5%
27

So, the total

FIG 3.6 RESISTOR

Resistor value is 47, 00000 means

3.7 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (I.C)

As compared to standard printed circuit which use
discrete

component,

ICs

have

the

full

of

advantage just like extremely smaller physical

size, reduce in cost, very small weight, easy
replacement, low power consumption etc.
ICs are classified as under:
1. Monolithic integrated circuits
2. Thick and thin film ICs
3. Hybrid or multi chip ICs
Here we are using one ICs.
28

IC7805

FIG 3.7 IC7805

This IC is used for the regulated power supply.

Fig shows the main function and how it works.
Generally it works on the basis of zener diode.
Now, zener diodes are specially to have
accurate

and

stable

reverse

break

down

voltage. As shown in fig. Zener diode of zener

voltage V2 is reverse connected across the
load RT across which constant output is
desired. It may be noted that the zener will
maintain a constant voltage across the load as
the input voltage does not fall below V2.
When the circuit is properly designed the load
voltage E0 remains essentially constant even
29

though the input voltage Ei and load R1 may

vary over a wide range.
A.

Suppose

the

input

voltage

increases,

since zener is in the breakdown region the

zener diode is equivalent to a battery V2 As
shown in fig. It is clear that output voltage
remains constant at V2. The excess voltage
dropped across the series resistance R. This
will cause an increase in the value of total
current I.
The zener will conduct the increase of current
in I. While the load current remains constant.
Hence, output voltage E0 remains constant
irrespective of the changes in the input
voltage Ei.
B.

Now

suppose

that

input

voltage

is

constant by the load resistance Re decreases.

This will cause in increase in load current. The
extra current cannot come from the source
because drop in R will not change as the zener
is within its regulation range. In additional load
current will come from a decrease in zener
current I2. Consequently, the output voltage
stays constant value.
30

This regulated power supply is applied to the ICs because

if the voltage is given to its increase than problem will
occur.

3.8 PIC18 (L) F2X/4XK22

Two Enhanced Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART)
Modules:
- Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN
- RS-232 operation using internal oscillator
- Auto-Wake-up on Break
- Auto-Baud Detect

FIG-3.8 MICRO CHIP

31

3.8.1 New Core Features

XLP TECHNOLOGY
All of the devices in the PIC18 (L)
F2X/4XK22 family. Incorporate a range
of features that can significantly
reduce power consumption during
operation. Key
Items include:
Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the
controller
From the Timer1 source or the internal
oscillator
Block, power consumption during code
execution
Can be reduced by as much as 90%.
Multiple Idle Modes: The controller
can also run
With its CPU core disabled but the
peripherals still
Active. In these states, power
consumption can be
Reduced even further, to as little as 4%
of normal
Operation requirements.
On-the-fly Mode Switching: The
power managed
Modes are invoked by user code during
32

Operation, allowing the user to

incorporate power saving
Ideas into their applications software
Design.
Low Consumption in Key Modules:
The power
Requirements for both Timer1 and the
Watchdog
Timers are minimized. See Section 27.0
Electrical
Characteristics
For values.
3.8.2 MULTIPLE OSCILLATOR OPTIONS
AND FEATURES
All of the devices in the
PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family
Offer ten different oscillator options,
allowing users a
Wide range of choices in developing
application
Hardware. These include:
Four Crystal modes, using crystals or
ceramic
Resonators
Two External Clock modes, offering
the option of
Using two pins (oscillator input and a
divide-by-4
33

clock output) or one pin (oscillator

input, with the
Second pin reassigned as general I/O)
Two External RC Oscillator modes
with the same
Pin options as the External Clock
modes
An internal oscillator block which
contains a
16 MHz HFINTOSC oscillator and a 31
kHz
LFINTOSC oscillator, which together
provide eight
user selectable clock frequencies, from
31 kHz to
16 MHz This option frees the two
oscillator pins
For use as additional general purpose
I/O.
A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency
multiplier,
Available to both external and internal
oscillator
Modes, which allows clock speeds of up
to
64 MHz Used with the internal
oscillator, the PLL
Gives users a complete selection of
clock speeds,
34

From 31 kHz to 64 MHz all without

using an
External crystal or clock circuit.
Besides its availability as a clock
source, the internal
oscillator block provides a stable
reference source that
gives the family additional features for
robust
operation:
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option
constantly
monitors the main clock source against
a
reference signal provided by the
LFINTOSC. If a
clock failure occurs, the controller is
switched to
the internal oscillator block, allowing
for continued
operation or a safe application
shutdown.
Two-Speed Start-up: This option
allows the
internal oscillator to serve as the clock
source
from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from
Sleep
35

mode, until the primary clock source is

available.

3.8.3 Details on Individual Family

Members
Devices in the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family are
available
in 28-pin and 40/44-pin packages. The block
diagram
for the device family is shown in Figure 1-1.
The devices have the following differences:
1. Flash program memory
2. Data Memory SRAM
3. Data Memory EEPROM
4. A/D channels
5. I/O ports
6. ECCP modules (Full/Half Bridge)
7. Input Voltage Range/Power Consumption

36

FIG-3.9PIC18F46K22

37

NO-2 PIC DESCRPTION

3.9. LCD INTERFACING:

38

16 Characters, 2 Lines
Extended Temperature Range available
Several Character Types available
LED Backlight available

FIG-3.9.1 L.C.D DISPLAY

NO.4ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTIS
FIG-3.9.2

BLOCK
DIAGRAM OF LCD
39

3.9.2

NO-5 PIN CONNECTIONS

40

3.10 GSM SIM300

1. Features

A breakout board for the SIM300. The

SIM300 is an all in one GSM/GPRS compact
module. With an industry-standard serial
interface, the SIM300 offers GSM/GPRS
900/1800/1900MHz performance for
carrying out voice, SMS, data, and Fax
operation all in one small sized module that
is perfect for integration in any handheld
device. Use this breakout board to make
GSM based calls, send messages (SMS), etc
through a serial interface from a
microcontroller or a computer.
This breakout board comes with a SIM300
module soldered onto the breakout board
through the module's ultra-fine board to
41

board connector, which is quite tough to

solder by hand. The board brings out all the
pins of the SIM300 to individual holes on
either edges, with clear pin labelling for
rapid prototyping and development. Header
pins, berg sticks or wires can be soldered
onto these holes and taken out to an
external circuit.
The board also comes with a SIM Card
holder that is wired to the appropriate pins
on SIM300. The SIM300 module comes with
a wire antenna, which provided good
performance and reception. For better
reception, an external antenna can be
added to the breakout board by soldering an
SMA connector to it.
This breakout board can be easily interfaced
with AT commands over a TTL serial
interface, which makes it easy to connect it
to microcontrollers, computers, and other
devices.
Uses the extremely popular SIM300 GSM
module
Provides serial TTL interface for easy
and direct interface to microcontrollers
Power Indicator LED for easy debugging
Onboard buzzer for general audio
indication
42

 Can be used for GSM based Voice

communications, Data/Fax, SMS,GPRS
and TCP/IP stack
Can be controlled through standard AT
commands
Comes with an onboard wire antenna for
better reception. Board provides an
option for adding an external antenna
through an SMA connector
The SIM300 allows an adjustable serial
baudrate from 1200 to 115200 bps
Modem a low power consumption of
0.25 A during normal operations and
around 1 A during transmission
Operating Voltage: 3.4V to 4.5V .

43

FIG-3.10 SIM300 BREAKOUT BOARD

2. Testing the board

Insert a SIM card into the SIM tray on the
board
Connect the board to a computer or a
microcontroller capable of issuing
commands through a serial interface.
Power the board with a input voltage in
the range of 3.4V to 4.5V
To read the text being sent by the
modem, you will need a serial
monitoring software. Windows has a
44

built in serial monitoring software called

HyperTerminal. Run it at Start ->
Programs -> Accessories ->
Communications -> HyperTerminal
Enter connection name,
Select the serial port to which the
modem is connected under the
Connect Using option(usually COM1)
Select Baud rate of 9600 and Flow
control as none. The board works on a
serial communication that can work
within a wide range of speeds from 1200
bps to 1152000 bps
Enter AT in the HyperTerminal and
press enter, the board will echo OK if
everything is properly setup.

CHAPTER 4:- WORKING

45

46

47

CHAPTER 5:- RESULTS &

CONCLUSON
5.1 Conclusion & Future Work

5 .2APPLICATION:-

48

CHAPTER 6:-REFERENCES

www.seminarprojects.co
m
www.microchip.com
www.summitek.com.tw
www.alldatasheet.com
www.google.com
www.edaboard.com
www.probots.co.in
www.sunplusdatasheet.co
m
www.embedjournal.com
www.youtube.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.networkmagazinein
dia.co
www.engineersgarage.co
m
49

APPENDIX:- In this Section you have to add

following
1.Patent Search & Analysis Report (PSAR) as
submitted by each student.
2.Design Engineering canvases:
Summary,

Empathy

Summary,

AEIOU
Ideation,

Product Development and its report generated

in line with the existing project.

50