မေနာ္ဟရီ - မုန္တုိင္းထန္တဲ့ေႏြ

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8
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9
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rvdkwmrdkY cyfoGufoGufyif csa&;vdkufonf/ aEGNyD;oGm;NyD; ab;udk &JaoG;u &,f\/ onf/
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10
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11
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pdwfcsyg…qdkrS ra&TEG,fu xyfrSmaeao;onf/ EG,fhvdkyJ aEG ize vkyMf uwmcsn;f yJ} ]uJ … xm;ygawmh … aEG & m … }
vnf; xdyfrSmaecsifolyJ/ odkYaomf…b,folYudkawmh r&apcsif[l aom cyfwnfwnfEiS hf Bu;D Bu;D us,u f s,af wGukd rodwpf0uf odwpf0uf ]xm;w,f …tJ ' gu xm;w,f }
pdwfrsdK;awmh aEGUrSmr&Sd…/ udk,hfqHk;jzwfcsufESifhudk,fyJ…BudK; pm;onf/ ESifh avQmufajymaeMuNyD;rS aEG &,fcsifvmonf/ xdkYaMumifh… ]bmu rxm;wmvJ}
wu,fawmh EG,hfrSmvnf; t&ifu xdkodkYpdwfr&Sdyg/ ckusumrS bm ]aocsmwmu ig q&m0efrjzpfcsifbl; odyfawmfwJholwdkif; ]apmapmu eifjyHK;ovdkrsdK; aemuf b,fawmhrS rjyHK;eJY}
jzpfoGm;rSef;udkrod/ aq;ausmif;oGm;&r,fvdkY b,folajymvJ} ]Ak a '¨ g … }
twef;xJrSm ESpfa,mufjcm;um xdkifae&NyDjzpfaom aEGESifhEG,f ]b,folrS rajymygbl;} cdkifjrJu &,fum cyfwdk;wdk; bk&m;w\/
u rkefYpm;ausmif;qif;csdef? ausmif;qif;csdefrsm;usrS pum;ajym& ]vlwdkif;rSm vkyfcsif&mvkyfcGifh&SdrS ydkawmfvmrSm} ]ig jyHK;wmu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ}
awmhonf/ wpfcgwpf&HtaMumif;&SdrS ESpfa,mufjcm; vSrf;ajym&\/ ]eifhrSm vkyfcsif&mvkyfcGifh&SdvdkYvm;} ]eifhudk,feif…vlBuD;vdkvdk? odyfoabmxm; BuD;ovdkvdkjyHK;wm
]aEG … } ]&Sdwmaygh} igrBudKufbl;}
cdkifjrJu ocsFmwGufae&mrS ac:\/ ]eifhtdrfu eifhudk q&m0efrjzpfapcsifbl;vm;} ]eif r Bud K uf b l ; }
]bmvJ … } ]ightazeJYtaru tJ'Davmuf rwHk;bl;} ]at; … }
]eif ocsFmwGufwmuvnf; jrefvkdufwm jyefrppfbl;vm;} aEGu rsufESmav;csDum udk,hfrdbtwGuf *kPf,laeqJ…cdkifjrJ ]eifrBudKuf&if eifha&SUrSm rjyHK;rdatmif owdxm;&rSmaygh}
]ppfNyD;NyD} pum;aMumifh tm;emoGm;&onf/ ]at; … xm; … }
]eifu ocsFm 0goemygwmvm;} ]igh rdbawGuawmh wHk;w,f[…}wJh/ &JaoG;u BudwfBudwf BudwfBudwfESifh pum;rsm;aeaom aEGESifh
]tif; qdkygawmh? wGuf&wmqdk tukef0goemygw,f…½lyaA' jrwfpGmbk&m;/ cdkifjrJudk Munhfum…

12
34 raemf[&D rkew
]bmjzpfaeMujyefNyDvJ} [k ar;\/ ]eif …b,ftcsdef pmMunhfvJ } av; EG,w f pfa,muf use;f rma&; aumif;zdYk vdw k mawmh aocsm onf/
]&efjzpfaewm} vmjyefNyD/ ar;cGef;u rukefEdkif… yif u d k , f Ó Pf a umif ; NyD ; om;ud k wvJ G q H y if a umif ; aevQif 'k u ©
aEG…OD;atmif ajzvdkufonf/ ckdifjrJuawmh at;at;aq;aq; ]MunhfcsifwJhtcsdef…} a&mufoGm;Edkifonfr[kwfvm;/ EG,fuawmh vGwfvyfaom &JaoG;
yif ]rMunhfcsifwJhtcsdefrSm bmvkyfvJ} ESifh aEGUudk tm;usaeonf/ aEGwdkYuvnf; olrudk Munhfum pdwf
]aqG;aEG;aewmyg} [k ajzonf/ ]vkyfcsifwm vkyfw,f } roufrom jzpf&onfyJ/ odkYaomf tm;vHk;onf udk,fydkifqdkif&m b0
aEG…rkef;wm tJ'grsdK;yif/ vlBuD;vnf; r[kwfygbJESifh pum;BuD; ]aumif;w,f} pmrsufESmrsm;ESifh vmMuolcsnf;rsm;om jzpfonfav/
pum;us,fawGudk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aEG wpfzuf vSnhfaevdkuf\/ pm&Gufu pmrsufESmwpf0ufusdK;aeNyD/ ar;cGef;awGu rNyD;Edkif
naecsed u f sawmh wpfacgufac:jyefonf/ aEGEiS hf cdik jf ru
J pmay; ao;…/ cdkifjrJu wpfrsdK;awmh cifp&maumif;ygonf/ odkYaomf i,fi,f
xm;vQif apmapmNyD;aewwfí pum;ajymcsdef&aewwfonf/ wnf;u wJGvmcJhaom &JaoG;ESifh EG,fhvdkawmh &ifxJrSm oHa,mZOf
]aEG … } rjzpfrdacs/
]bmvJ … } naeus &JaoG;u ajym\/
pdwfrMunfí toHudk Budwfum cyfqwfqwfxl;vdkufonf/ ]aEG…eifu wm0efvJTajymif;,lxm;NyDvm;}
]eifhtazeJY taru bmvkyfvJ} ]bmvJ … bmud k v J … }
'g reufu pum;\ tqufjzpfonf/ rajzcsifí rMum;csif ]cdkifjrJudk pnf;½Hk;zdkYav}
a,mifaqmifaeawmh pma&;um ar;\/ ]tH r ,f…r[k w f y gbl ; }
]eifh rdbawGu bmvkyfMuvJ…}wJh/ eifwkdYyJ pum;ajymaeMuwm r[kwfvm;}
]tvkyfvkyfw,f} [k &GJUum jyefa&;ay;vdkufonf/ ]pum;u olu vmajymwmudk jyefrajymyJ ae&rvm;}
]bmvk y f v J … ar;wm} ]raecdkif;ygbl;…eif wm0ef,l&if NyD;wmyJ}
aEG pdwfr&Snfawmh/ rajzvQifvnf; NyD;rSm r[kwfojzifh ajz ]r,l y gbl ; }
ay;vdkufonf/ ],l y g[m}
]or® m tmZD 0 } EG,f…xatmfawmhonf/
cdkifjrJ&,f\/ 'Dwpfcgawmh wu,hfudk &,fjcif; jzpfonf/ &,f ]awmfawmh b,folrS wm0efr,leJY igh[mig wm0ef,lr,f}
p&mudk r&,fbJ vlBuD;vdk vkyfNyD; jyHK;aewmudk aEGu rBudKuf…/ EG,fhpum;aMumifh olwdkY aMumifoGm;Muonf/
aEGu &,fp&m&Sdvnf; rdef;uav; yDyDoo…0g;vHk;uJG &,fwwfol/ ]bmvJ[…eifu bmwm0ef,lrSmvJ }
]'gawmh wlw,f } ]ighbmomig BudK;pm;rSmudk ajymwm}
]bmwl w mvJ } ]at;…eifhpmMunhfcsdefawG odyfrsm;vm&if usef;rma&; xdcdkuf
]ighrdbawG vkyfwmvnf; or®mtmZD0awGyJ] OD ; r,f a em}
pdwfxJu ]aovdkuf}[k ajymum rsufapmif;xdk;ypfvdkufonf/ &JaoG;u EG,fhudk owday;\. aysmhwdaysmhzwfESifh ydk;[yfjzLr

13
rkew
(i)
av;udkif;u jrm;udk wdk;wdk;av; ajymw,f 'kwd,tprf;ajzNyD;awmh aEG awmfawmfav; aeraumif;jzpfum
]rif;&JU vGwfvyfjcif;[m ighqDrSm &Sdw,f}wJh/ ausmif;rwufEikd /f aEGu arG;&myg ESv;kH tm;enf;ol jzpfonf/ odaYk omf
aEGUudk MunhfvQif bmrS xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGU&rSm r[kwf/ usef;rma&;
aocsmvdkYvm;uG,f…/ aumif;olwpfa,mufvkd tjrv J ef;qef; jzwfvwfaeonf/ EG,Ef iS yhf if
tJ'DvGwfvyfjcif;uaum ]jrm;uav;}udk rwl/ ckvdk aEG awmfawmfav; aeraumif; jzpfawmh tm;vHk;u
olvdkcsifwJh yef;wdkifypfrSwfqD wnhfwnhfrwfrwf ydkYay;EdkifrSm wtH h w Mo /
rd k Y v m; … / report card rsm; xGufawmh aEGUudk olwdkY tdrfvmay;Muonf/
]b,fvdkvJ b,folawG bmjzpfukefNyDvJ }
&JaoG;u &,f\/
]b,folawG bmjzpfjzpf eifuawmh eifhae&mrSmyJ}
EG,fhudk Munhfvdkufawmh rsufESmurvef;/
]&JaoG;&,f…ajymprf;ygOD;? eifwkdYua&m}
]igu eifhab; jyefa&mufvmNyD unluckily ygyJ}
]aovd k u f … EG , f u a&m}
]olwdkYarmifESru ab;csif;uyf[}
][if…cdkifjrJu oHk;vm;}
]at; … }
EG,fwpfa,muf 'Dae&mu rwuf/ usefvlrsm;om ae&mvJukef
onf/
]aMuuJGp&maumif;wmu…}

14
40 raemf[&D rkew
&JaoG;u rsufESmi,fav;ESifhqdkum pum;pudk jzwfxm;\/ ]eifwdkY armifESruvnf; ckxd rwnhfbl;vm;} pre-test us enf;enf; tm;xnhv
f u
kd af ygh}
]bmvJ…bmjzpfvdkYvJ…b,fvdk aMuuJGp&maumif;wmvJ } &JaoG;u pdwfysufovdk ar;onf/ ]'dxuf tm;xnfh&&if igaorSm aEG&JU}
]acsm½lygav} ]rwnhfwm r[kwfbl; } EG,fajymwmvnf; [kwfwmyif/
aEGu tm;azsmhpGm toHwdwf qJa&;vdkuf\/ EG,fuawmh EG,fu pdwfwdkoHESifh ajzonf/ ]xm;yg[m …Final us&if a wmh *k P f x l ; awG u tm;vH k ; wl M u
rsufapmif;xdk;\/ &JaoG;u rrIbJ qufajymonf/ ]bmjzpf w mvJ } rSmyg}
]oem;ygw,f bmjzpfvJ rodbl; tqifhckepfjzpfoGm;w,f} ]bmjzpf&rvJ…rwnhfwJh pnfoleJYurS awmfao;w,f/ oleJYu ]trSwfxGufrvmrSm usaewmyJ}
]aumif;w,f} b,fvdkrSudk raewm cHpm;vdkY r&bl; tpfudkvdkvnf; rcHpm;Edkif aEG\ rxda&mufaom ajzodrfhpum;udk &JaoG;u uefYuGuf\/
EG,fu tjrifuwfuwfESifh 0ifajym\/ bl;…oli,fcsif;vdkvnf; rcHpm;Edkifbl; wpdrf;vdkyJ} 'gaMumifh aEG ajzodrfhpum;? tm;ay;pum;awGudk r,Hkwm jzpf
]at; … aumif ; rS m aygh eif u awmh } EG,fhpum;aMumifh aEGyif rsufvHk;0dkif;oGm;&onf/ EG,f tJ'D onf/ ajymvnf; ajymcJonf/ 'Dpum;awGu ajzodrfhwm oufouf
&JaoG;pum;u bmvdkvdk/ aEG em;rvnf/ xdkYaMumifh EG,fh avmuf ajymwwfvdrhfr,f[kvnf; aEGrxifrd/ odkYaomf EG,fhrsuf0ef; jzpfí [muGufawmh &SdjrJyif/
udkyJ ar;&awmhonf/ rsm;udk MunhfvQif EG,fwu,fajymaerSef; odomonf/ tjyifrSmvnf; ]NyD;awmh igajymp&m &Sdao;w,f}
]bmaumif ; wmvJ EG , f } olwkdYu wu,hfwpdrf;jyifjyifvdkyJ qdkwm…aEG owdxm;rdcJhonfyJ/ ]ajym }
]a&mf…igu olYudk &JGUwm} ]pre-test &Sad o;w,f[} EG,fu pdwf½Iyf[efav;ESifh ajymonf/
]igodygw,f bmjzpfwmvJyJ ajymyg} aEGu owday;vdkuf\/ ]ighudk araru eifwdkYeJY usL&Sifrwufcdkif;awmhbl;}
][dkaumif pnfol ighem;a&mufvmw,fav} ]pre-test u pmar;yJBG u;D eD;rSppfwm? ae&majymif;&vJ cPyJ} ][if …bmvk y f r S m vJ }
]jrwfpGmbk&m; rjzpfEdkifwm} EG,fu ta&;xJ ae&mudpöudk tm½Hkpdkufae\/ tif;av…pdkuf aEGrsufvHk;jyL;oGm;&\/
aEG wtHhwMo jzpfoGm;&\/ pnfolqdkwmu tawmhfudk qdk;ay &Smrnfaygh/ b,fbufrSmu wpdrf;vdkjzpfaeaomtpfudk/ nmbufrSm ]tdrfrSm q&mr ac:oifawmhr,fwJh…}
xJu / u wpfcgrS rwnhfcJhzl;aom &efolawmf/ EG,frS pdwfrnpfvQif b,f ]eif w pf a ,muf w nf ; }
NyD;awmh EG,fESifhu i,fi,fwnf;u &efbuf/ b,fvdku b,f olrSnpfrSmr[kwf/ e*dkurS pdwfnpfvG,fwwfawmh EG,hftwGuf ydkqdk; ]at; …wpf a ,muf w nf ; tJ ' g eif w d k Y jzpf r vm;}
vdkjzpfNyD; 'Davmuf wdk;wufvmrSef;rod/ bmyJajymajym aEG aysmfyg onf/ aEG pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ &JaoG;uawmh olESifh bmrS rqdkifovdk
onf/ q,fwef;qdkaom twef;udk av;pm;&aumif;rSef; BudK;pm;& ]ig&Sdygw,f…EG,f&m} vkyfaeonf/ bmrS 0ifrajym/ xl;xl;axGaxG pOf;pm;ae[efvnf;
aumif;rSe;f odvmwmudu k 0rf;omp&maumif;onf[k aEGujrifonf/ &JaoG;pum;aMumifh aEGaum EG,fyg &JaoG;udk wrifpdkufMunhf r&S/d
]rjzpfEdkifbl; vkyfraeeJY…jzpfEdkifvdkY a&mufvmNyD} ay;vdkufonf/ odkYaomf 'Dwpfcgajymaom &JaoG;pum;u twnfjzpf ]igwdkY 0dkif;rSmu eifwpfa,mufwnf; xGufoGm;wm udpör&Sd yg
]ryl y geJ Y …} yHk&onf/ olYrsuf0ef;rSm paemufvdkaom t&dyfta,mifr&Sd? EG,fu bl;…udpö&Sdwmu eifyJ eifwpfa,mufwnf; wuf&wm ysif;p&m
]bmudk ryl&rSmvJ} tm;i,fwwfívm;rod/ &JaoG;u EG,fESifhywfoufvmvQifawmh *½k BuD ; }
]EG,fhab;rSm olYtpfudk cdkifjrJ &SdwmyJ} pdkufazmf&&Smonf/ ]tif ; av }
]tm;ud k ; &wmud k ; …} ]eifeJYigeJYuawmh xHk;pHtwdkif; ESpfa,mufjcm;yJ aEG} aEGUpum;udk 'Dwpfcgawmh &JaoG;u pdwfvdkvuf& axmufcH\/
EG,fu rJh&GJUum ajym\/ ]tif;aemf…ae&mu ta&;rBuD;ygbl;[m eifhtartwGuf eif EG,fu rsufESmi,fav;ESifh…

15
rkew
]igvnf; pdwfnpfwmaygh wpfaeYwpfaeY wpfa,mufwnf; pm ]bmvJ tcsOfvm; eifeJY rwnhfbl; rpm;eJY} aEG…aeraumif;wmudk taMumif;jyí EG,fESifh &JaoG; aeYwdkif;
awGyJ Munhfae&wm ck wpfa,mufwnf; pmoif&OD;r,f ig… &JaoG;u tcsOfyef;uefudk qJGxm;um ajym\/ vmMuonf/ tdrfrSm rkefYpm;? tacGMunhf? oDcsif;em;axmifNyD;rS jyef
pmtkyfawGawmif rMunhfcsifawmhbl;} ]r[kwfygbl;? cdkifjrJ usL&Sifwufvm; ar;rvdkYyg} oGm;wwfonf/ aEGvnf; tysif;ajy…olwdkYvnf; tqiffajyrdkY aEG…
EG,fhMunhf&wm wu,hfudk pdwf½IyfaeyHk&\/ ]tydkrar;eJY 'DacwfrSm usL&SifrwufwJh olwpfa,mufrS r&Sd aeaumif;NyD; ausmif;jyefwuf&rSmyif pdk;vmovdk jzpfvmonf/
]bmwwfEdkifrSmvJ } bl;} &JaoG;uawmh owif;wpfck ay;vmonf/
]bmrS a wmh rwwf E d k i f b l ; igu eif w k d Y b 0ud k tm;uswm… ]&S d w ,f } ]aEG…cdkifjrJ eifhudk owif;ar;w,fvdkY ajymay;ygwJh? jrefjrefae
b,favmuf vGwfvyfvJ } 'g EG,fu 0ifajzvdkufaom toHjzpfonf/ EG,fhtajzaMumifh aumif; atmifvnf; aewJh/ ausmif;jrefjrefwuf&atmif…vdkY ajym
aEG…pdwfroufromESifh oufjyif;csrd\/ aEGaaum &JaoG;yg tHhMooGm;wmawmh trSef/ cd k i f ; w,f … }
]EG , f } ]wu,f v m; … EG , f … } aEG jyHK;rdonf/
]bmvJ … aEG } ]wu,frdkY…ig…ydk tqlcH&wmaygh aEG…} aEGu cdkifjrJudk tJvdk jyHK;wm rBudKufbl;…[k qdkcJhzl;aom tjyHK;
]vGwfvyfwmeJY xdef;csKyfwm uJGawmh uJGrSmaygh} ]ol[mol pmMunhfwmyJvm;} rsdK;ESifh cyfqifqifwlaervm; rajymwwf/
EG,f…rsufarSmifMuKwfum jyefMunhf\/ ]tif ; … 'gayr,h f }
]eifu bmudk ajymcsifwmvJ} ]'gayr,h f … bmjzpf v J … EG , f … }
]a&mufcsifwJh yef;wdkifu wlwlyJav igwdkY vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ]olYtaru…olYudk pmjyw,f…tareJYtwl pmMunhfw,fwJh}
oGm;&vnf; 'Dtwef;udkyJ xl;xl;cRefcRefatmifrSm? eiftxdef;tuGyfeJY ]eifu b,fvdkodwmvJ }
oGm;&vnf; 'Dvrf;yJav bmrS pdwf½IyfraeeJY vdkY ajymwm} ]azazajymwm}
]'gawmh [kwfygw,f} qufar;p&mpum; ruseaf wmhojzifh oH;k a,mufom; tpm;udyk J
][kwf&if eifpdwf½IyfaewmawG xm;vdkufawmh} iHkYpm;aevdkufMuawmhonf/ aEGUpdwfxJrSmawmh wpfckck rSm;aeqJ…qdk
]xm;qdkwdkif; xm;vdkY &rvm; aEG} wm odaeovdkyif/ bmrSef;awmh aocsmrod/
&JaoG;u 0if½Iyf\/ pm;NyD;awmh EG,fu ]oDcsif;em;raxmif&wm MumNyD}[k qdkum
]igod w ,f & J a oG ; eif r &S n f e J Y ck [ mu 'gawG u d k cPxm;… uufqufudk tus,fBuD; xzGifhonf/ &JJaoG;u EG,fhudk jyHK;um Munhf
ckeu ig ararhudk aMu;tdk; 0,fcdkif;xm;wm aomufMuOD;vdkY ajym &if; ]awmolr}[k axmyemjyKonf/ aEGuawmh EG,fhudkyJ u½kPm
rvd k Y } oufrdonf/
]aMomf…'D v d k v m; 'D v d k q d k rqd k ; ygbl ; xm;vd k u f r d E G , f … & vlqdkwmu wpfcsdefvHk; pmcsnf;yJ rvkyfEdkif/ tcGifhta&;awG
atmif xm;vdkuf} ydwfyifxm;vQif vlqdkwmu ydkNyD; vGwfvyfcsifwwfonf/ wif;vGef;
&JaoG;udk aEGaum EG,fyg 0dkif;arwåmydkYvdkufMuonf/ aMu;tdk; vQifjywf…qdkaom pum;twdkif;awmh rjzpfapcsif/ aEGwdkYuawmh
aomuf&if; aEG wpfck owd&vmí ar;rdonf/ ]EG,f}qdkaom BudK;uav;wpfacsmif; wif;vGef;í jywfoGm;wmrsdK;
]ckrS owd&w,f } rjzpfatmif 0dkif;0ef;qkawmif;ulnDay;½Hkom &Sdawmhonf/

16
46 raemf[&D rkew
]'g…vlwdkif; oabmusoifhwJhudpöyJ } aEG…bk&m;wrd\/ EG,fajymaompum;ESifh qifaewmudk; /
]aEGUvdk vlwdkif; oabmrusMuygbl;} 'gudk cdkifjrJu aEG tHhMooGm;onfxifum &Sif;jy\/
][kwfrSmaygh…wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufrS rwlwm…} ]qdkvdkwmu ig EG,fhudk nDrwpfa,muftjzpfvnf; rjrifbl;?
]aEG…ausmif;rwufwkef;u pmawG tukef&w,fr[kwfvm; oli,fcsif;vdkYvnf; rcifrdbl;…}
notes awGudk ajymwm…} &Sif;umrS ydkqdk;ae\/
]&JaoG; ul;ay;ygw,f } olwdkYESpfa,muf\ wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; jrifyHku wlaeonf
]EG,faum…rul;ay;bl;vm;} av…/ EG,fhudkawmh tm;vHk;ac:ovdk ]EG,f}[kyJ ac:onf/
(p)
]olUrSm tcsdefydkr&Sdbl;} ]xl;qef;w,f odvm;}
aEGuausmif;jyefwufawmh ausmif;rSm vlawmfawmfenf;aeNyD/
]rod y gbl ; …od & if igul ; ay;ygw,f } ]bmxl;qef;wmvJ}
xH;k pHtwdik ;f ausmif;rSmu course ukeof nfEiS hf pre-test twGuf ud,
k fh
]&ygw,f} ]EG,fuvnf; tJvdkyJ ajymw,f}
pmud, k f tdrrf mS usuMf uawmhonf/ aEGwaYkd usmif;u pre-test qdw
k mu
wpfa,mufjcm;aeaomfvnf; cdkifjrJu pum;vSrf;ajymwwf\/ cdkifjrJ wpfcsufawmh NidrfoGm;onf/ NyD;rS…
wu,hf Final Exam ar;cGef;yHkpHtwdkif; ausmif;utawGUtMuHK&
wpfcgwpf&H &JaoG;ESiyhf g oH;k a,mufajymaewwfojzifh wpfzufuEG,f ]'golvnf; rSefwmyJ}
atmif ppfar;jcif; jzpfonf/ ausmif;rSm usefaeolrsm;udkawmh q&m
u vSrf;vSrf;Munhfwwfonf/ pnfolYMunhf&wmvnf; wjznf;jznf; cdkifjrJ bmudkqdkvdkum bmudk rSefw,fajymrSef; aEGrod/ aEGod
q&mrrsm;u revision jyefay;onf/ ar;cGe;f a[mif;awG ajzcdik ;f onf/
vdr®mvmyHk&onf/ pmudk wav;wpm; vkyfvm\/ EG,fESifhvnf; &ef wmuawmh xdktxJwGif rrSefwm wpfckckawmh &SdaeEdkifonfqdkjcif;
pmBudKMunhfcdkif;NyD; ar;cGef;a[mif;rsm;udk wpfywf wpfpHkajzcdkif;wmrdkY…
rjzpfawmh…/ acsm½lygeJY wwJGwJGpmMunhfwwfojzifh &JaoG;u ½HIUrJhjy yif…/ 'gudk &JaoG;udk jyefajymrdawmh &JaoG;u rsufarSmifMuKwfum
xdkodkYaom aeYrsm;wGifawmh ausmif;wGif vlpHkwwfonf/
onf/ em;axmif\/
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]bmvJ … cd k i f j rJ }
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]aEGu BudK;pm;&wmudk oabmusyHk&w,f}
]jrwfpGmbk&m;…} igwd k u f r ,f }

17
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]wu,f … } 0if r ajym/ ]r[k w f b l ; …ajymaewmud k }
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]eifhrSm ydkufqH&SdvkdYvm;… eif… EG,fhudkvnf; rkefY0,f0,fay;ae pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;vdkuf&onf/ ]tif ; av }
&wm } &J a oG ; u … cdik jf rpJ um;udk &JaoG;u cyfwnfwnfEiS hf 0ifaxmufco
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]wpfcgwav ajymvkdY &w,f&Sdatmif auR;xm;rvdkYav} ]tJ'g…aEG a*gufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY wdkufwJh aMu;tdk;} ]cdkifjrJu usL&Sifrwufbl;qdk}
]b,fvdkauR;auR; pm;&&if NyD;wmyJ} ]olu bmvdkY a*guf&rSmvJ} ][k w f w ,f }
]pm;NyD ; &if …arh O D ; … } ][dkawG;'DawG;eJY xl;qef;wmqdk avQmufawG;aeNyD} ]bmvd k Y v J }
]at; …arh r ,f } &JaoG; bmudk qdkvdkwmvJqdkwm odaom aEGu &,fcsifaeí ]arareJY pmMunhf&wm aysmfp&maumif;w,f}
aEG cyfwnfwnfESifh oabmwlvdkufawmh &JaoG;u aEGUacgif; EIwfcrf;udk rodromudkufxm;&onf/ txl;tqef;Mum;&jyefonf/
udk ykwfum axmyemjyK\ ]bmvJ…mystery awGudk pdwf0ifpm;wmvm;} b,fom;orD;rS rdbESifh pmrMunhfcsifMu/ rdbawGuvnf;
]iaygr}wJh/ vJGcsufu emonf/ olajymaom mystery qdkonhfpmvHk;udk udk,hfom;orD;udk,f pmroifcsif? q&mrESifhom vTJxm;csifwwfonf/
cgwdkif;qdk qwfqwfxd rcH jyefajymrdrSmyif/ ckawmh bmrS jyef awmif aEGrod…/ &JaoG;vnf; odyHkray:/ tdrfusrS ararhjyefar; ck … ol U usumrS …
rajymawmh/ um…tbd"mef vSef&OD;rnf[k aw;xm;vdkufonf/ &JaoG;uawmh ]cdkifjrJtaru q&mrvm;}
wu,hfwu,f &JaoG;aMu;tdk;wdkufawmh cdkifjrJyg ygvmonf/ olrodwmudk rodbl;[k 0efrcH/ cyfwnfwnfESifh acgif;ndwf\/ ]tif ; … qd k y gawmh }
NyD; uyfajymao;\/ ]EG,fhudk,fpm; ac:vmwm}wJh/ rvGwfvyfaom ]at;…[kwfw,f qdkygawmhuGm } ]bmqdkygawmhvJ }
EG,fu t&ifvdk olwdkYESifhtwl vdkufcGifhrS r&Sdawmhwm/ ]bmawG v J …b,f v d k [ mrsd K ;vJ } ]q&mrawmh q&mryJ 'gayr,h f wjcm;vl a wG & J U q&mr
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]½l ; oG m ;OD ; r,f } ]bmu [kwfwmvJ } ]eifwdkY rodvdkY…odvm; arareJY pmMunhf&wm aysmfp&m aumif;
]½l;awmh r½l;avmufygbl; &JaoG;&m} ]awmf a wmh } w,f…araru pmudk ysif;atmif roifbl;}
]ajymEdkifvm;…tefwDEku vGefvmw,f } aEG pdwfwdkpGm xatmfvdkufrS &yfoGm;awmhonf/ cdkifjrJu aEG cdkifjrJu olYtarudk csD;rGrf;cef; zGifhaewmudk wtHhwMo em;
]at;…igjzifh xifawmif rxifbl; } pdwfwdkaewmudk Munhfum oabmuspGm &,f\/ axmifrdMuonf/ cdkifjrJudk Munhf&wm tarudkawmh awmfawmfcspfyHk&
olwdkY bmawGajymajym b,fvdk rSwfcsufcscs cdkifjrJu wpfvHk;rS ]bmvJ…pm;wmudk awmfvdkuf&rSmvm;} onf/ aEGvnf; ararhudk cspfwmyif/ odkYaomf ararESifhawmh twl

18
52 raemf[&D rkew
pmrMunhfjzpf…/ araruvnf; pmroifay;tm;/ tm;í oifjzpf
vQifaum cdkifjrJwdkYvdk aysmfp&maumif;rSmvm;? raocsm…/
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awmh raumif;/ xdktawG;rsm;u wpfcgwpf&H vludk 'ku©ay;wwf
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qdkwmu wm;qD;vdkY &aom t&mrsdK;rS r[kwfwm/ ESif;qDyGifhudk jrif&ef rsufpd&Sdolonf
'grsdK;usawmh &JaoG; &,faewmudkaum…cdkifjrJ…jyHK;NyD; Munhf ql;udkvnf; jrifapownf;/
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ESif;qDyef;awG&JU &eHHUu…ql;awGudk arhavsmhapjyefw,f/

19
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&JaoG;pum;aMumifh EG,fu &,f\/ pm&if;xGufwJhxd tdkauyJ…trSwfpm&if;xGufrS xyftqlcH&awmh
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k Nf y;D Nyv ]r[kwfwm[m…eifhtrSwfu igwkdYxuf? cdkifjrJxufenf;r,fvkdY
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20
58 raemf[&D rkew
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21
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aumif;wmu 'gudk aEGaum &JaoG;yg pdwf0ifwpm;&Sdum vdkufwuf a&mufvsufESifh 0ifr&ac:r&/ olu aEGwdkYudk awGUcsif&if vmawGU
rdMujcif;yif jzpfonf/ &onf/ ck…jzpfaeyHku aEGESifh &JaoG;u ]bHk}…/ cdkifjrJESifhwJGvnf; oHk;
cdkifjrJwpfa,mufudkawmh EG,fhtdrf0ifxGufvQif awGUaeusjzpf a,muf… wJGvdkY&onf/ EG,fESifhu oyfoyf wJG&onf/ 'gudk aEGESifh &J
aomfvnf; tefwDEkrsufESmndKrSmpdk;í vSrf;jyHK;jy½HkrQom awGUjzpfMu aoG; &dyfrdaomfvnf; rodcsifa,mifaqmifaevdkufcJhonf/
onf/ cdkifjrJu aEGUqD owfowfrSwfrSwf vmvnfrSom pum;ajym ]&JaoG;vm&if igwkdY rkefYoGm;pm;r,fodvm;}
jzpfwwfMuonf/ ]&JaoG;vmrSvm;…rvm&if rpm;&bl;vm;}
]aEGwdkY bmawG vkyfaeMuwmvJ} jrwfpGmbk&m;…/ 'g cdkifjrJ&JU tusihfrS r[kwfwm…cdkifjrJu 'Dvdk
]tpHyk … J } *sDrwdkufwwf/
ajymjyvdkufawmh cdkifjrJu r&,fyg/ aumif;w,f[kyif tm;ay; ]eif…b,fvdkjzpfvmwmvJ…}
ao;\/ ]AdkufqmvdkY[…}
]cdkifjrJaum bmvkyfaevJ…} ]'gqdk aeOD;…}
]ighudkvnf; araru pE´&m;wD;oifay;w,f…t*Fvdyfpmoif aEG tdrfxJ0ifum ydkufqHawmif;rnfjyifqJ…cdkifjrJu vSrf;qJG\/
ay;w,f? tjyifrSmuawmh yef;csDoifjzpfw,f…} ]'gu b,fvJ…}
xdktcgusrSyif aEGwdkY EG,fwpfa,muf bmvdkY pE´&m;wD;oif& aEGu ½kwfw&ufrdkY vufudk zswfceJ jyef½kwfum…
wmvJqdkwmudk odMu&awmhonf/ EG,fyif olY[mol olYtaru olY ]bmvJ[…ydkufqHoGm;,lrvdkY…}

22
64 raemf[&D rkew
]aMomf…rodygbl;/ tdrfxJu rkefYwdkrkefYpawG oGm;&SmrvdkYvm; ]tif;…} ]pdwfcs…ig…b,folYudkrS rajymbl;}
vd…
Yk } cdkifjrJu wHk;wdwdajz\/ ]&JaoG;wifrubl;…aEG…EG,fhudkvnf; rajym&bl;…}
cdkifjrJpum;aMumifh aEG &,frdonf/ ]'DtaMumfqdkifu igeJYightaztareJY vmpm;aeus…arareJY ]b,fvdk…b,fvdk…}
]jzpf&w,f…rkew Yf rkd ek pYf …wJh…} 'Du…ta':BuD;eJYawmif &if;ESD;aeNyD…} aEG; ydkpdwf½IyfoGm;&NyD/ olwdkYbawGqdkwm cdkifjrJodvQif EG,f
]at;av…eif,lxkwfvmr,hf yJrkefYwkdY bDpuGwfwkdYudk igrS rpm; cdik jf ru
J bmrSrajym/ aEGUpum;udo k m em;axmifum aEGrmS aom od&rSmaygh/
wwfwm} taMumfudk pm;\/ tawmfMumrS… ]EG,f…bmrS odrSm r[kwfao;bl;…}
]auR;vnf; rauR;ygbl;…} ]aEG…} aEG NidrfoufoGm;rdonf/
]pm;vnf; rpm;ygbl;…ydkufqHqdk r,leJY…ighrSmygvmw,f…} ][dkbuf rsufapmif;xdk;qdkifu tokyfqdkifvm;} ydkvnf; pdwf0ifpm;oGm;&\/ NyD;awmh cdkifjrJajymjywkef; Nidrf em;
][if…eifu ighqD vmwmav} ]tif;…bmvkyfrvdkYvJ} axmifvdkufwmu olravQmufawG;aewmxuf ydktusdK;&Sdrnf[k
]uRwf…eifhpum;eJY ajym&&if tJavmuf rwHk;prf;ygeJY…} ]ig…tokyfrSmpm;csifvdkYyg} vnf; awG;vdkufrd\/
Aka'¨g…/ aEG rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;&onf/ cdkifjrJudkvnf; ckrSawGUzl; ]trav;…rvkyef YJ…pm;csi&f if oGm;pm;r,f…rrSmeJ}Y ]ajymav…cdik jf r…
J }
ovdk Munhfrd\/ aEG…uysmu&m vufum umwm;&\/ cdkifjrJu em;rvnf/ cdkifjrJu taMumfpm;xm;í ayaeaom vufudk aocsmokwfae
]bmMunhfwmvJ? tdrfudkvm&if tdrf&Sifu {nhfonfudk {nhfcH& ]bmjzpfvdkYvJ[…} ao;onf/ NyD;rS…
w,fqdkwJh xHk;wrf;pOfvmBuD;udk eifu vufcHaewkef;vm;} ]olwkdYu rwnhfMubl;…} ]ightazeJY olYtarudku bmrS rawmfwmav…}
]tHr,f…r[kwfygbl;} ]aMomf…&efjzpfxm;Muwmvm;} ]t,f…}
]r[kwf&ifvm…} ]tif;…eifwdkYvdkyJ qdkygawmh} aEG…awG;xm;wmESifhu wjcm;pD…/
]igawmif tukefoufomao;w,f…vm…oGm;r,f…} aEGu rsufvHk;av;axmifhuyfum cdkifjrJudk pvdkuf\/ ]bGm;bGm;u ightazudkaum olYtarudkaum arG;pm;cJhwm…
aEGu…wrif bmrS r,lbJ xGufvdkuf&efjyifawmhvnf; cdkifjrJ ]igwdkYvdk bm…igwdkYvdkvJ…} bGm;bGm;rSmu om;orD; r&Sdbl;av}
u wm;\/ cdkifjrJ acgif;iHkYum NidrfoGm;\/ tawmfMumrS… ]aMomf…}
]aeOD;} ]igwdkYu trsdK;t&if;BuD; r[kwfbl;…} ]'gayr,hf bGm;bGm;u wu,hf olYom;orD;awGvdkyJ… tarG
]bmvJ bmjzpfjyefwmvJ} ]bm…} pm; tarGcHudk arG;cJhwm? 'gaMumifh…'DtdrfeJY jcHudk cJGay;cJhwmaygh}
]eift f kd rSmcJOh ;D …&JaoG;vm&if…b,fvu
h rd u kd v kd m…}
f m&r,fqw ][kwfw,f…EG,feJY igu bmrS rawmfbl;…} ][kwfygNyD… eifhtazeJY EG,fhtaru armifESrt&if;r[kwfvdkY
aEGu cyfwnfwnfESifh tdrfuaumifrav;udk b,fvdkuf&r,f aEG jcmjcmvnfoGm;&awmhonf/ acgif;xJrSmawmh rdaEGwkdYu rwnhfMuwmvm;}
qdkwm rSmcJhvdkuf\/ cdkifjrJ\ oabmwlnDcsufudk ,lraeawmh/ cdkifjrJ xHk;pHtwdkif; pmtkyfawGxJuvdk EG,fuyJ arG;pm;orD;vm;? cdkifjrJuyJ ]r[kwfbl;…armifESrt&if;xufudk wnhfcJhMuvd… kY }
uvnf; ruefYuGuf/ aEGac:vmwmu taMumfqdkif/ taMumfudk cHk arG;pm;om;vm;eJY cyfwnfwnfESifh puúefYydkif;twGif; Zmwfvrf;awG ]b,fvdk…}
jrifhESifh? tat;? toD;azsmf&nfwdkYESifh wJGa&mif;aomqdkif/ aEGu 0ifvmvdkufao;onf/ aEG rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;&jyefonf/
taMumfvnf; BudKufonf/ ]ig em;rvnfbl; cdkifjrJ…} ]azazeJY EG,fhtaru armifESr r[kwfwJhtcgusawmh olwdkYcsif;
]eif…taMumfBudKufvm;} ]ig eifhudk ajymjyrSmyg…'gayr,hf…} cspfoGm;Muw,f}

23
rkew
]a[mawmh…} cdkifjrJu aEGUudk Munhfum&,f\/
]'gayr,hf…olwkdY r&cJhMubl;} ]eifu awG;jyefNyD/ wpfeHwpfvsm;}
]tif;av…r&vdkY ckvdk eifwdkY bmrSrawmfMuwmaygh? bmvdkY ]r[kwfygbl;…igcHpm;Munhfrdovdk ajymwmyg}
r&cJhwmvJ} aEGuawmh tefwDEkrsufESmudk ajy;ajy;jrifum oem;rqHk;/ bm
]t"duu bGm;bGm;yJ? bGm;bGm;u olu om;orD;tjzpf arG; rSrodaom EG,fhudk oem;&wmxufyif ydkOD;rnf/ aEG tefwDEkvdkawmh
xm;wmjzpfwJhtwGuf tJvdktjzpf rcHEdkifbl;wJh} rjzpfcsifyg/ b,fajcvSrf;rqdk udk,fu t&if½kwfodrf;vdkuf&ifaum…
]aMomf…'gvnf; [kwfwmyJ} 'Dxuf cHomrSmvm;/ t&if ½kwfodrf;EdkifcJhaom cdkifjrJtazudk ar;
'gudk azazu tBuD;qdkawmh usdwfrSdwfem;axmif&Smw,f/ EG,hf Munhfcsifonf/ olrsm; ½kwfodrf;vdkufrS rwwfomawmhí avsmhajz awGYqHk&jcif;onf
taruawmh em;raxmifbl;…'gayr,hf azazu ararhudk ,lvdkuf ½kwfodrf;vdkuf&aom ol\ cHpm;csufuawmh ydkrsm;ayvdrfhrnf/ tm;vHk;udk 0g;rsdKwwfaom
wJhtcgrSmawmh ol…aygufuJGawmhwmyJ…azazeJY ararudk bGm;bGm; avmuBuD;taMumif;aEG…odyfrodao;yg/
u ay;pm;cJhwm} ck…yxrqHk; odcJh&aom b0wpfckuyif aEGUudk ausmpdrfhapcJh aojcif;w&m;ESifh wl\/
]aMomf…? [if…'gayr,hf tefwDEkuvnf; ck… olYtdrfaxmifeJY NyD/ aEG a&SUrSm trsm;BuD; &ifqdkif&OD;rnf/ aocsmwmuawmh ]aEG
olyJ? bmjzpfp&m&SdvJ} uEÅmOD;}onf rmausmausm wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;uav;jzpf 'gqk&d if…
]oluvnf; bGm;bGm;ay;pm;wmyJ/ 'gayr,hf tpu wtm; onfqdkwmyif/ ]]cJGcGm&jcif;}}[m &SifoefrIwpfckvm;??
jiif;wm…aemufusrS ,lvdkufwm} xdkaeYu &JaoG; a&mufrvmcJhyg/ wpfckckawmh rSm;aecJhrSmyg/
]EG,fhazazu tefwDEkudk cspfygw,f}
]araruvnf; azazhudk cspfygw,f}
]eif[mav…pum;udk vkdufuyfw,f}
aEG rsufapmif;xdk;um ajymawmh…cdkifjrJu &,f\/ NyD;rS…
]tJ'Duwnf;u a':EkEkaqGu ightarudk &efolvdk oabmxm;
NyD; rkef;awmhwmyJ}
]eifhtarua&m…}
]ajym&if eif,Hkyghrvm;rodbl;? araru a':EkEkaqGudk oem;
w,fwJh/ 'DvdkrSef;rodvdkY azazhudk ,lwmygvdkY tjrJajymw,f/ ckvdk
a':EkEkaqG&JU tyludkjrif&awmh araru EG,fhudkvnf; oem;w,f}
]ckvdk Mum;&awmh igvnf; oem;wmygyJ/ tefwDEkudk at;aq;
w,fxifwm? ck oljzpfyHku at;pufoGm;wmudk;/ ckvdk eifwkdY rdom;pk
ajymif;vmawmh olY at;pufrIawG aysmufukefwmaygh}

24
70 raemf[&D rkew
vsufeJY owd&aewm…t&ifvdk twlwuf&&if aumif;rSmvdkY awG;
aewm…}
]awmfygaEG&m…udk,hfcH,lcsufudk,f pGefYEdkifwmvnf; r[kwfbJ
eJ…
Y pdwu f ;l ,OfraeeJY…}
]r,Ofygbl;…eifuaum pGefYEdkifvdkYvm;}
]igurpGefYEdkifayr,hf…vufawGUusw,f…}
]'gqdk…eifu oli,fcsif;awGudk owdr&bl;aygh…}
(ps) ]&vdkY eifhqDvmwmaygh…eifawmif vmvdkYvm;…}
atmifpm&if;awG xGufonf/ trSwfpm&if;awGxkwfum 0ifcGifh ]vmrSmyg}
wifMuonf/ olwdkYarQmfrSef;cJhMuonhftwdkif; udk,favQmuf&rnhfvrf; ]tydkawG…cdkifjrJeJY EG,faum eifhqDvmvdkYvm;}
rsm;qDodkYudk a&mufoGm;Mu\/ txl;ojzifh EG,f…arQmfrSef;cJhonhf ]cdkifjrJvmoGm;ao;w,f}
twdik ;f aygh/ ausmif;rSm aEGu yxr &onf/ cdik jf rEJ iS hf &JaoG;u 'kw,
d ? &JaoG;tMunhfu zswfceJ aEGUrsuf0ef;xJ pdkuf0ifvm\/ NyD;…
EG,fu wwd,? pre-test utwdkif;jzpfonf/ bmrS r[kwfovdk jyefvSnhfoGm;onf/
ausmif;awGzGifhawmh EG,fESifhcdkifjrJu t&ifzGifhonf/ aemufrS ]w,f[kwfygvm;? cdkifjrJu…eifhawmh cifom;yJ}
&JaoG;ESihf aEGw\Ydk ausmif;rsm;zGio
hf nf/ aEGUrSmawmh ausmif;zGihf wmESihf ]eifhudkvnf; cifwmyJ…}
oli,fcsif;awGudk owd&aompdwfu wm;rEdkifqD;r&/ &JaoG;uawmh ]wlawmh rwlbl;aygh}
aEGUxHa&mufvmwwfonf/ EG,hfowif;udk tpD&ifcHwwf\/ ]bmrwlwmvJ}
]rdEG,fwpfa,mufawmh 'ku©yJ…} ]eifu a,mufsm;av;rS r[kwfwm? igeJYwlcsifvdkY &rvm;}
]bmvdkYvJ} aEG rsufapmif;xdk;vdkufrd\/ cdkifjrJvdkom uyfuyfowfowf
]olwdkYausmif;rSmu test awGu rsm;rSrsm;? result uvnf; aeY vdkufawG;&vQif &JaoG;pum;u tawmft"dyÜm,fa&mufonf/ ck
csif;ncsif; xkwfay;wm…tjrJacgif;udkufae&awmhrSmaygh} wavm cdkifjrJuvnf; t"dyÜm,fa&mufcsifp&mtvkyfawG tawmf
]at;aemf…tefwDEkvnf; b,fawmhrS settle jzpfrvJrodbl;} vkyfonf[k aEGxifonf/
]w&m;&vmwJhaeYaygh[} Munhfav…/ [dkaeYu vmoGm;wmyJ Munhf…/
&JaoG;u cyfwnfwnfESifh ajym\/ taMumif;odaeaom aEG ]twef;&Sdw,f? 'gayr,hf eifhudk owd&vdkYvmwm}
uawmh… ]ighudk owd&vdkY}
]w&m;&zdkYqdkwmuvnf; vG,fwmrS r[kwfwm} ]tif;av…eifBudKufwJh yJrkefYudkawGUvdkY…}
]eifawmif tawmfodaerSyJ…} ]jzpf&w,f…rkefYygvmvdkYvm;…}
]odwmaygh…ckawmif…eifwkdYeJY b,fvdkrS rwlEdkifawmhwm od ]rygygbl;…eifhqDvmwJh[myJ}

25
rkew
]tm…} ]bmvJ…} ]bmvkdY rod&rSmvJ…}
][kwfw,fav…eifhudk awGUNyD; yJrkefYudk owd&&ifawmh yJrkefYqD ]igeifhqD tjrJvmr,fodvm;} ]wu,f rodwm…}
oGm;NyD; 0,fxm;rSmaygh} ]vmaygh} ]olbm&vJ eifrodbl;aygh…}
cdkifjrJu pum; uwfuwfowfowfawGyg ajymvmonf/ ]eifh time table ighudk ay;xm;OD;} ]tif;…awGUawmif rawGUbl;}
]eif…igwkdYausmif;udk vmvnfav} ]bmvdkYvJ} ]rodcsifbl;vm;}
]rvmawmhygbl;…eifwkdYqDvm&if eifeJYpum;ajym&rvm;? EG,f ]eiftm;wJhtcsdefod&atmif} ]rodcsifawmhygbl;…}
eJY ajym&rvm;rodjzpfaeOD;r,f} ]igtm;wJhtcsdef eiftm;rSmrdkYvm;} e*dkuwnf;u tav;teufr[kwfbJ yg;pyfu awGUu&m ajym
]wpfvSnhfpDajymaygh…} ]tm;&rSmaygh} csifwwfí ajymrSef; aEGu…odESifhNyD;olrdkY awmfawmhonf/
]aumif;rvm;} ]eif…twef;awGawmh rysufapeJYaemf…} ]twnfvnf; r[kwfbJeJY avQmufajymwkef;u ajymw,f}
]raumif;&if ighudk rajymeJY&w,f…eifvmwm igawGU&&if NyD; ]tif;yg} aEGu rausreyfa&&Gwfawmh &JaoG;u &,f\/
a&mav…} &JaoG;u aEGU time table udk olYpmtkyfaemufausmwGif aocsm ]twnfrS ajym&rSmvm;…twnfus rajym&JvYkd rajymwmvnf;
aEG…bmrSrajymbJ &,faecJh&onf/ &JaoG;udkawmh bmrS jyef ul;xm;vdkuf\/ &SdEdkifwmyJ}
rajymawmh…/ xdkodkY ajymNyD; &JaoG;wdwfoGm;ojzifh aEGuyJ jyefar;&\/ ][if…}
]bmjyHK;aewmvJ…cdkifjrJtaMumif; awG;NyD; jyHK;wmvm;…} ]eif…EG,fhqDawmh a&mufaewmyJ? EG,fb,fvdkaevJ…} aEG…tHhMooGm;\/ &JaoG; wu,fajymaewmvm;[k Munhfrd
]r[kwfygbl;…} ]olu [dkrSm oli,fcsif;topfawGawmif &aeNyD…} awmh rSef;r&…/
aEGnmrd\/ bmvdkY nmvdkufrSef;vnf; udk,hfbmomudk,frod/ ]igvnf; &rSmyg} ]&JaoG;…}
]'gqdk bmjyHK;wmvJ…} ]&vnf; vSwywav;awmh &Smaygif;aemf…igu vSrSaygif;csif ]bmvJ…}
]eifeJYigeJYwl&if…eifbmjzpfrvJ awG;Munhfaewm…} wm} ]'gaum…eif…twnfajymwmvm;? eifb,fvdkvkyfodvJ}
]odyfrawG;eJY…]tacsmuf}jzpfrSm…eifuawmh ]a,mufsm;vsm} azmufvmjyefonf/ pum;taumif;ajymae&mrS csucf si;f ajymif; ]tm…ia*gufr…avQmufawG;jyefNyD…pmawGzwfNyD; &TD;wmaygh/
jzpfrmS } oGm;\/ eifaum pmrzwfbl;vm;}
]ig…a,mufsm;vsmjzpfwmu udpör&Sdbl;…} ]aygif;&rSmu ig? eifrS r[kwfwm} ]zwfwmyJ}
]aMomf…ig…]tacsmuf}jzpfrSmu eifhtwGuf udpö&Sdw,faygh…} ]igu vmae&if eifeJYwifrubl;? olwdkYeJYyg awGUae&rSmav? ]rodbl;vm;}
]aovdkufygvm;} rvS&if b,faumif;yghrvJ} ]zwfawmh zwfzl;ovdkyJ…}
]raoEdkifygbl;…pdwfcsyg…tacsmufawmh rjzpfap&bl;} aEG…rsufarSmifMuKwfvdkufonf/ aEGu Za0Z0gqdkawmh &JaoG;w[m;[m;&,f\/
]a&omEdkifEdkifavmif;xm;…} tJ'Dvdk aocsmMunhfjyefawmh &JaoG;u rsufESmvJTJoGm;\/ ]iaygr…}wJh/
&JaoG;u aEGESifhqufNyD; pum;Edkifrvk&awmh/ pum;wpfckudk ]eifh…acsm½lygaum…} aEGu wjcm;ae&mrSm &JaoG;xufomoavmuf pum;jydKifajym
av;av;eufeufajymawmhrnhf[ef ajymif;oGm;\/ aEGUtar;aMumifh &JaoG;qwfceJ armhvmum jyefajz\/ vQifawmh ½HI;wwf\/ aEGu…pum;rSrwwfwm/
]aEG…} ]b,fodrSmvJ} xdkaeYu &JaoG;wpfaeukefausmif;rSmae\/ &JaoG;jyefoGm;awmh

26
76 raemf[&D rkew
twef;xJrS &if;ESD;pjyKaeaom oli,fcsif;rsm;u pMuawmhonf/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;r&Sv d /S awGUpu &JaoG;wdv Yk kd &if;ES;D rIr&Sd [k cHpm;cJ&h aom
]aEGU…i,fuRrf;aqGvm;} J ykd if aEG…awmfawmfav; cifrad eNy/D cdik jf rJ u aEGUudk tukezf iG [
cdik jf ru hf
]i,fuRrf;aqG…} ajymwwfaom oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfonfav/
aEGu wtHhwMovdkuf&Gwfawmh &,fMujyefonf/ EG,fwpfa,mufawmh ausmif;opfrSm pmopfESifh tqifajyaeykH
]r[kwfygbl;…oli,fcsif;yg} &onf/ pmvnf; rsm;ojzifh EG,f pmydkMunhf&vdrhfrnf/ EG,fhrSm aEGU
]t&rf;cifwJh oli,fcsif;vm;…} J a&m…/ cdik jf rv
twGuf tcsed &f ydS rkH ay:/ 'gqdk cdik jf ru J nf; pmrsm;onf
wpfa,mufu jyHK;ppESifh ar;\/ yif/ pmar;yJGawG 0dkif;aewwfonfyif/ cdkifjrJurS aEGUqD a&mufvm (n)
][kwfw,f…} azmf&ao;onf/ EG,fwkdYausmif;udk &JaoG;ESifh a&mufoGm;aomaeYudk aEGrarh/
]t&rf;aum cspfzdkY &Sdvm;…} tif;av…bmyJjzpfjzpf EG,x hf aH wmh aEG wpfacgufavmuf a&muf cdkifjrJu ta0;rStjyHK;ESifh BudKoavmuf EG,fuawmh vHk;0[uf[uf
]tm…bmawGv… J r&Sdygbl;} atmif oGm;OD;rnf[k qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ xdkaeYusvQif &JaoG;udk yufyuf r&Sd? at;wdat;pufESifh…/ pmudk taMumif;jyum twef;
aEGjiif;awmh &,fMujyefonf/ ap;ap;qdkaom u&ifrav;u tazmfac:oGm;&rnf/ EG,fESifhwpfvSnhf cdkifjrJESifhwpfvSnhfawGUzdkY olwdkY yif zsufray;/ wu,hfwu,f olwdkYudk twef; zsufum… tcsdefay;
awmh rsufESmwnfav;ESifh qdk\/ tpDtpOfqJGMu&rnf/ vdkufvmolu…cdkifjrJ/
]aEGuEÅmOD;u r&Sdayr,hf olu &SdyHk&w,f} aEGU…tawG;rsm;u xdt k pDtpOfEiS hf tqH;k owfomG ;cJ&h avonf/ xHk;pHtwdkif; aEGtawG;awGrsm;um pum;wdwfaecJhonf/
]r[kwfygbl;…aEGwkdYu State ausmif;rSmwnf;u ab;csif;uyf ]rdaEG}
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27
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28
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29
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aEGqwfceJ tar;aMumifh ckdifjrJ olYtrSm;ol odoGm;onf/ b,f 'g[m jzpfEdkifvdkYvm;? rjrif&wJh &ifxJu a0'emawGaum r&SdEdkifawmh om;? aEG ai;aerdqJ? cdkifjrJu qufajym\/
olrqdk udk,fudk,fwdkif zGifh[0efcHcsifonhftcsdefu vJG&if b,foludkrS bl;vm; pdwful;r,OfygeJY cdkifjrJ&m…[k aEGajymcsifaomfvnf; ajym ]&JaoG;udk wpfar;wnf; ar;aewm…}wJh/
todrcHcsifwwfbl;r[kwfvm;/ rxGuf/ aEGvnf; cdkifjrJudk udk,fcsif;pmvdkY&onfyJ/ aEG…xdkpum;vHk;udk Mum;vdkufwm aocsmovm;rod…/
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taeudkawmh igrvdkcsifbl;…'Dwdkif;yJ arQmfvifhcsufr&SdbJ eifhab;rSm ]ajyygw,f}
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]0w¬KawGxJu usufvmwmvdkY xifvdkYvm;…} ]eifhudk wpfcgrS rar;wJholudk eifu bmvdkY ar;&wmvJ…}
]tJavmufvnf; ryDjyifygbl;…} aEG r&,fcsifbJ &,fvdkufrdonf/ olwpfcgrS aEGUudk owdr&bl;
aEG aemufvdkufrS cdkifjrJ ayghyg;pGm &,f\/ ESpfa,mufom; &,frd qdkwmawmh rjzpfEdkif[k awG;vdkufrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ aocsmwm
Ny;D rS…aEGu… uawmh olr &JaoG;udk owd&wdkif; aEGUudk wJGjrifrdrSmyif…/
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32
94 raemf[&D rkew
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aEGUwpfudk,fvHk; wkefcgoGm;&onf/ a&arT;ykvif;av;u yef;Ek &Sm0,fjzpfMuonf/ ykvif;vSwmaum? teHUBudKufwmaum &Smae&í
a&miftonf;yHkav;/ teHYuvnf; t&rf;udk romantic jzpfvGef;onf/ awmfawmfawmh &SmMu&onf/ odkYaomf aEG aysmfygonf/ &JaoG; vdk
EG,hf&ifxJrSm bmawG &Sdaer,fqdkwmudk aEGrSef;vdkY &onf/ aEGrSef;vdkY csifaom teHUESifh a&arT;ykvif;av;u awmfawmf cspfp&m aumif;
&ovdk &JaoG;vnf; odrSmyif/ aEGuawmh EG,fhvdk owådr&Sd? EG,fhvdk onf/ tjyma&mif ykvif;av;ay:wGif wdrfjzLprsm; 0JvGifhaeyHkESifh/
&ifxJrS t&mawGudk &JaoG; odatmif xkwfrjyEdkif/ 'gqdk &JaoG; rod aEGu tjyma&mifudk BudKufonf/
Edkifawmhbl;wJhvm;/ aEG…EGrf;vspGm ykvif;av;udk wdkYxdMunhfaerd ]eifBudKufvm;}
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]at;…eifhtwef;u Mumvdkufwm}
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&JaoG;…aEGUudk pl;prf;ovdk Munhfonf/ i,fi,fuvdkqdkvQif ]azazhum;xJrSmvdkY ajzrSmaygh…}
ay;aewmeJY…}
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aEGum;xJ 0ifxdkifvdkufwmESifh um;xJrSm arT;ysHUaewmudk owd
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]eifBudKufvm;…} bl;…}
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½kwfw&uf ar;cGef;aMumifh aEG aMumifoGm;rdao;onf/ NyD;rS… aEG &JaoG;udk wpfcsuf Munhfvdkufrdonf/
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]eifhoabmyJ…} ]ajymygqd… k }

33
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&JaoG; &,f\/ NyD;rS… ]bmvJ[…a>ra>rcsif; ajcjrifw,fqdkwm} ]vlwpfa,mufudk cspfwm taMumif;jycsuf r&Sdovdk wjcm; vl
]&ifawmif ckefcsifvmNyD… eif csufcsif;awmh tajzrawmif;eJY aEG…wrif ar;vdkuf\/ olYxHrS csufcsif; tajzxGufrvm/ NyD;rS wpfa,mufudk rcspfwm[mvnf; taMumif;jycsufr&Sdbl;&JaoG;…}
aemf…} aEGUbufvSnhfvmum… &JaoG; NidrfoufoGm;\/ cPaeusrS wpfvHk;csif;ar;\/
]aovdkufygvm;} ]a,mufsm;csif;yJ…odwmayghvdkY ajymwm…} ]eifu vlwpfa,mufa,mufuakd um taMumif;jycsurf &Sb d J cspf
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aEG&,frd\/ &ifqdkifwdkif; vdkcsifaom tajzu tppftrSefr&Edkifwwfwm odod aEG…csufcsif; jyefrajzEdkif…/
]at;…ckvnf; tJ'D &nf;pm;pum;ajymwJhtaMumif;yJ ajymrSm BuD;ESifh ar;vdkufrdwm aEGUtrSm;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;awmh aEGyJ arm bmajz&rSef;vnf; rod…/
yg…} vspGm usefcJh&\/ ]eif rajzEdkifbl;vm;}
]at;av…ajymNyD;NyD…ajymap…tajzawmh csufcsif;rawmif; ]uJ…eifu ajymygOD;…} ]r[kwfbl;? rajzcsifwm…}
eJYvdkY} ]bmajym&rSmvJ…} &JaoG; oufjyif;wpfcsufudk cdk;csvdkufwm aEG odvdkuf&\/
&JaoG;u ta&;xJ aemufaeao;onf/ ]eifhoabmudk ar;wm…} ]tif;av rajzcsif&if rajzygeJY eif… cdkifjrJudk rcspfwm aocsm
]igajymrSmudk ajymaewm r[kwfbl;…olrsm;u ajymwmudk ajym ]ighoabm…} &if NyD;wmygyJ…}wJh/
wm…} ]at;av…ckdifjrJtay: xm;wJhoabmxm;…} bmvdYk tJ'aD ocsmrIukd t&if,&l wmvJ aEG rod/ aEGomqdk ud, k fh
]olrsm;u ajymwm…[kwfvm;} ]b,fvdkrS rxm;Edkifbl;…} aocsmrIudk udk,ft&if,lrdrSmyif/ odkYaomf &JaoG;onf aEGrS r[kwf
&JaoG; aEGUpum;udk oHa,mifa&&Gwf\/ ]eifjiif;vdkufvm;…} wm/ aEGu cdkifjrJajymcJhaom pum;wcsdKUudk jyefajymjyawmh &JaoG;u
][kwfw,f…} ]tif;…} wav;weuf em;axmif&Smonf/ NyD; rSwfcsufwpfckudk cs\/
]eifhudk…ajymwmvm;} ]On the spot jiif;wmyJvm; rpOf;pm;bl;vm;} ]udk,hfoli,fcsif;rdkY ajymwm r[kwfygbl;? 'DaumifhrSmu eifjyef
]tif;…} ]cdkifvHkaerSawmh bmpOf;pm;p&m&Sdao;vJ} rcspfEdkifwmu vJG&if bmrS tjypfajymp&mr&Sdbl;? NyD;awmh wu,fh
]cdkifjrJrS [kwf&JUvm;…} ]cdkifvHkaew,f [kwfvm;} udk pdwf"mwfaumif;wJhaumif…}wJh/
][if…} &JaoG; rsufarSmifMuKwfum pl;pl;av;Munhfawmh aEG&ifckefoGm; tjypfajymp&mr&Sdwdkif;? pdwf"mwfaumif;wdkif; jyefcspfvdkY r&wm
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]eif b,fvdkodvJ…olajymwmvm;} ]tif;…} wmu 'Dpum;rsdK;r[kwf? cdkifjrJESifh ywfoufNyD; &JaoG;udk zGifhajym
]r[kwfygbl;? olajymrS od&atmif igu iwHk;rS r[kwfwm} ]b,fvdkcdkifvHkwmvJ…} uwnf;u &JaoG;xHrS wpfpHkwpf&mudk arQmfvifhNyD; ajymjywm[m
]'gqdk…eif b,fvdkodv… J } ]ighrSm cspfwJholwpfa,muf aocsm&Sdaew,fav…}[k aEG ajz twyfrajymEdkifaomfvnf; arQmfvifhcsuf tenf;ESifhtrsm;ygwmudk
]a>ra>rcsif; ajcjrifygw,f[m…} vdkufcsifaomfvnf; &JaoG;udkMunhfum xdkodkY ajzzdkYus aEG…owåd awmh aEG rjiif;Edkif…/
a>ra>rcsif; ajcjrifowJh/ 'g…bmt"dyÜm,fvJ…/ olvnf; aEGU r&S/d um;xJwGif a&arT;eHYuav;u oif;&Dae\/ tjzLa&mifwdrfrsm;
udk cspfaeolcsif;rdkY odw,fvdkY qdkvdkwmvm;…/ &JaoG;udk Munhfvdkuf ]ig olYudk rcspfwm…t&rf;BuD; cdkifvHkaewm…} uvnf; vSyaom aumif;uifjymwGif wa&GUa&GU pD;arsmaeqJ…/

34
100 raemf[&D rkew

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&Snfrsm;u um;avtwdk;wGif wzswfzswf 0JvGifhaeonf/ aEG tdwf bk&m;ocif\ nmvufonf El;nHh\
xJrS acgif;pnf;BudK;av;udk xkwfumay;awmh &JaoG;u &,fonf/ odkY&mwGif b,fvufum; &ufpufMurf;MuKwf\/
NyD;…acgif;rSm pnf;xm;vdkuf\/ &JaoG; qHyifawG vGifh0Jraeawmh…/
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k af rhaewwfMu
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35
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41
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42
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43
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44
130 raemf[&D rkew

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we*FaEGyg em;vdkuf…wevFmaeYrSwufzdkY tm;arG;xm;…} ]avQmufrajymeJw Y …hJ igu…xdik af jym&wmawmif ysi;f vdYk vSJ ajym aEG a,mif&rf;acgif;ndwfrd\/
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cdkifjrJuyJ ajzonf/ pnf;&rS r[kwb f ;l vdYk igvufcw H ,f? tJ'D cspjf cif;udk olw&dYk moufyef vdrfhrnf/ aEGUtzdkYu pum;wpfcGef;wnf;ESifh vHkavmufoGm;cJhygNyD/
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cdkifjrJpum;u 'DrQom/ odkYaomf… rsufESmtrlt&muawmh rBuKd ;pm;Edik af wmhaum…bmxl;rSmrdv Ykd …
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rodcsifa,mifaqmifaeonf/ cdkifjrJjyHK;vkdufyHku ]olu…vlyJ Munhf avmurSm vlwdkif; rqdkEdkifwJhaw;yJ…aEG…tJ'DvlawGtwGuf jrifh av/

45
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avmifaerIudk at;Nidrf;oGm;atmif tdyfarGUcsay;rnhf *DwrsdK;vnf;
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46
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onf/ aEGUudk,fydkifvkyfief;wpfckjzpfaom vQyfppfypönf;rsm; a&mif; ]oleJYuRefawmfeJYudk oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGxufaum olu ydkodae
0,fa&;udk udk,fwdkifOD;pD;vkyfonf/ cdkifjrJuawmh Posting usojzifh vdkYvm;…}
e,frSm…/ &JaoG;u olYzcif\ vkyfief;jzpfaom ta0;ajy;um;vkyf 'gudkawmh tefwDEkrajz/
ief;udk qufvkyfonf/ aEGuawmh ckdifjrJESifh tquftoG,frjywf aemufqHk;awmh tefwDEk…rsuf&nfusonf/ olr…bmtwGuf
ovdk &JaoG;uvnf; aEGUxH a&mufvmwwfjrJ/ EG,fESifhom wpfb0 rsuf&nfusrSef; olrrSom odayvdrfhrnf/
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'DESpfrS ausmif;NyD;rSmjzpf\/ orQu aEGUtwGufvnf; roufom…/ bmajym&rSef;vnf; rod…/
EG,f…ausmif;rNyD;cif jyóemu pawmhonf/ &JaoG;udkom ESpfodrfh&awmhonf/
jyóem\tpu aEGwdkYat;aq;onf[k xifcJhaom tefwDEk ]eif…vkyo h ,fxifwmudk vkycf NhJ y;D NyyD …
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oli,fcsif;…EG,fhem;rSm…uRefawmf rdwfaqGaumif;wpfa,mufvdk ajymMurSmyif/ &JaoG;u ol 'gvkyfvQif 'gjzpfrnf[k wGufcJholav…/

47
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odkYaomf olvkyfcJhwmudk wjcm;wpfzufu tjrifwpfrsdK;ESifh udk,fvdk ]&Sdygw,f…} tefwED k tBu;D tus,f rsuEf mS ysuo f mG ;awmhonf/ odaYk omf wpfpufrS
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rSwfvJGacsmfoGm;cJh&NyD…/ aEG pdwfysufpGm jyHK;vdkufrd\/ ]'gqdk… &JaoG;raumif;wmyJ? a,mufsm;rqefwmyJ…}
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&JaoG;…aEGUudk tm;udk;ovdk Munhfum ajym\/ ]olwkdYudpöudk pDpOfrvdkY vkyfumrS &JaoG;u jiif;w,fav…} aygh tefwD&,f? EG,hfudkvnf; tJvdkyJ ajymvdkufyg…}
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eif jywfom;pGm pGefYvTwfvkyfcJhwmyJ…} &rd\/ onfvm;rod/ aEGU&ifxJrSm wpfckrS rusefatmif ajymvdkuf&ojzifh
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]ckcsdefrSm ta&;BuD;wmu jywfom;rI r[kwfbl;&JaoG;…} aEGUxHrS xifrSwfrxm;aom pum;aMumifh tefwDEkrsufESmysuf rsufapmif;jzifh aEGUudk jymusrwwf Munhfum xGufoGm;awmh\/
]bmu…ta&;BuD;vJ…} oGm;onf/ odkYaomf csufcsif;yif jyefwHkYjyef\/ tefwDEkxGufoGm;awmhrS aEG…&JaoG;udk vdkuf&Sm&onf/ &JaoG;
]tJ'D…bmta&;BuD;vJ…qdkwmudku eifhbmomeif t&if qHk; ]&JaoG;eJY EG,fu oli,fcsif;yJvdkY aEGu em;vnfxm;wmvm;…} u tdrfrSmr&Sd/ tvkyfrSmr&Sd…/ &JaoG;tazajymrS &JaoG; b,fa&muf
jzwf&rSm…} ]r[kwfbl;… odaewm… aEGUavmufodwJhol &Sdr,fvdkYaum aevJqw kd mudk od&awmhonf/ aEGUrSm armarmESiyhf ifvu kd o
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]ig…rodawmhb;l aEG&m…} vnf; odygw,f…tefwDwdkYwpfckck rSm;aeNyDxifwmyJ…} &onf/
]enf;enf; tcsdef,lvdkufyg…} ]rrSm;ygbl;? aEGwkdYu tJvdkodxm;ovdk tefwDwdkY todkif;t0dkif; ]bmjzpfuek Nf yvD …J aEG…}
&JaoG; acgif;ndwfum jyefoGm;cJhonf/ eJY EG,hfoli,fcsif;awGuvnf; &JaoG;udk EG,fhcspfolvdkY odxm;Muwm} ]bmjzpfw,fxifvdkYvJ…}
aemufwpfywfavmufMumawmh EG,fhowif;udk Mum;&onf/ ]odxm;wmeJY trSefw&m;u odyfruGmygbl;…avQmufoGm;vdkuf ]EG,f…wpfcck jk zpfwmvm;…}
t&iftwdkif; jyefjzpfoGm;onfqdkyJ…/ pmar;yJGvnf; rajzjzpfawmh/ &if a&mufrSmyg? tJ'Dtcgus…b,folrSefw,fqdkwm odrSmaygh…} ]wpfckckawmh wpfckckyJ…topfr[kwfbl;? t&iftwdkif;jyefjzpf
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48
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udk,fuawmh apwemESifh pmemrIESifh oHa,mZOfESifh tukefvHk; vmonf/ owif;awGudkMum;awmh ckdifjrJ pdwfwdkwdkESifh &JaoG;udk atmf raxmufcHMu/ wdwfqdwfaerdMuonf/ avmu\ tvSnhftajymif;
udk pGefYvTwf yHkatmay;cJhonf/ jyef&vmwmu ay;vdkuf&wmESifh awmh\/ rm,mESifh uHMur®m\ rsufvSnhfjyrIrsm;udk ,Ofyg;aeavmufatmif
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