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US History 1CP Final exam review sheet

Chapter 12
- Industrial Revolution - definition
- Where did it begin?
- Samuel Slater
- What industry was first affected by Industrial Revolution?
- positive and negative effects of Industrial Revolution?
- new middle class
- Why was invention of steam engine important?
- Eli Whitney
- cotton gin
- interchangeable parts
- mass production
- division of labor
- Samuel F.B. Morse
- patent
- tariff
- Moving west
- Why did Americans move west in early 1800s?
- New modes of transportation: canals, turnpikes, steamships, etc.
- Conestoga wagons
- Daniel Boone
- Wilderness Road
- turnpikes
- steamboats
- Robert Fulton and the Clermont
- canals
- Erie Canal
- DeWitt Clinton
- What bodies of water were connected by Erie Canal?
- Era of Good Feelings why was it called that?
- sectionalism
- nationalism
- Henry Clay and American System
- What were the main goals?
- John Calhoun
- Where was he from?
- What part of the country did he represent in Congress?
- John Marshall
- How did his Supreme Court decisions strengthen the judicial branch?
- McCullough v. Maryland
- Why was their sectionalism in US in early to mid 1800s? (tariffs, etc.)
- Missouri Compromise
- Henry Clay Great Compromiser
- What did it say?
- What was the Missouri Compromise line?
- Balance in the Senate
- Acquisition of Florida
- What was ultimatum Monroe issued to Spain?
- Adams-Onis Treaty
- Monroe Doctrine

- What were the main points of the document?

- Why did British support it?
- Election of 1824: corrupt bargain
- Why was it called that?
- John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay
- New political parties: Democrats and National Republicans
- Who were leaders?
- What parts of the country supported each party?
- What type of people supported each party (farmers, etc.)?
- What were the main beliefs of each party?
Chapter 13
- How did voting change in early 1800s?
- removal of property qualifications, etc.
- suffrage
- caucus
- What groups still could not vote in early 1800s?
- spoils system
- Andrew Jackson
- What battle did he lead US troops in during the War of 1812?
- Jacksons war with the 2nd Bank of the US
- How did Jackson destroy it?
- pet banks
- specie
- Nullification crisis
- Why didnt South like the Tariff of Abominations?
- Henry Clay and compromise tariff
- secede
- Why didnt South Carolina secede from Union?
- Native Americans
- In what ways did the Cherokee try to Americanize themselves?
- Cherokee vs. Georgia
- What was Supreme Courts decision?
- How did Jackson respond to Supreme Courts decision?
- Indian Territory
- Trail of Tears
- Panic of 1837
- What were the causes?
- What was Van Burens solution?
- independent federal treasury
- Election of 1840
- Whig party and the log cabin campaign
- William Henry Harrison: What happened to him? Why?

- Who was Harrisons VP who became president after Harrison died?

Chapters 14 and 15
- Oregon Country
- mountainmen
- difference between prairie schooners and Conestoga wagons
- Where did the Oregon Trail begin?
- What was the western boundary of the Oregon territory?
- Election of 1844

- James K. Polk
- 5440 or fight! What does that campaign slogan mean?
- What country did the US make a deal with to get Oregon?
- Texas independence
- Stephen Austin
- What conditions did the Mexican government have for the old 300 and others moving
into Texas?
- What did Mexican government do to restrict the amount of American settlers moving
into Texas?
- Battle of the Alamo
- Effects of the battle?
- Sam Houston
- People living in what part of the US opposed the annexation of TX?
- War with Mexico
- Manifest Destiny
- Border problems between US and Mexico?
- Where did Mexico attack and kill US civilians before war started?
- What were the conditions of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
- Gadsden Purchase
- James Gadsden
- settled boundary between US and Mexico
- Writers, artists, and scientists
- Edgar Allen Poe what were his major works?
- Nathaniel Hawthorne what were his major works?
- Utah
- Mormons
- Why were they persecuted?
- Brigham Young
- California
- gold rush
- forty-niners
- vigilance committees
- Reform movement
- Education
- Horace Mann
- Samuel Gridley Howe
- Prisons
- Houses of Refuge
- Dorothea Dix
- Temperance
- Temperance was strongly supported in what part of the country?
- Religion
- 2nd Great Awakening
- goals?
- Anti-slavery movement
- abolitionist
- What was the first religious group to start an antislavery society in US?
- William Lloyd Garrison
- The Liberator
- New England Anti-Slavery Society
- Sojourner Truth worked in both antislavery and womens rights movements
- Frederick Douglass

- North Star
- Underground Railroad
- Harriet Tubman why were her journeys so dangerous?
- Escape to Canada why?
- Songs and codes used why?
- Womens movement
- suffrage
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Seneca Falls Declaration/Declaration of Sentiments and
Resolutions
- Emma Willard
- Susan B. Anthony
Chapters 16 and 17
Life in the North
- immigration in mid-1800s
- Why did Irish come?
- Major immigrants groups (Irish, Germans, etc.)
- What was the biggest group to come to US?
- nativist
- American Party
- What was their nickname?
- What was their goal?
- What were free African-Americans in the North not allowed to do?
Life in the South
- Major differences with North: South had an agricultural economy, love of tradition,
life at leisurely pace, slave labor, smaller population.
- overseer
- What was the effect of the cotton gin on slavery in the South?
- Eli Whitney
- What were major slave codes?
- Why did most southerners defend slavery even though most didnt own slaves?
- What restrictions were placed on free African-Americans in the South?
Compromise of 1850
- Henry Clay
- What were the 5 main parts?
- popular sovereignty
- What were main parts of the Fugitive Slave Act?
Frederick Douglass
Election of 1856
-Who won?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
-Uncle Toms Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- What did it say?
- Bleeding Kansas
- What did John Brown and his sons do in Kansas?
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
- What was the effect of the decision on the Missouri Compromise?
- Who supported the decision the North or the South?
Lincoln-Douglas debates

- Why were the two men debating?

- Who won this election?
John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry, VA
- Was it successful?
- What was the effect of the raid on the relationship between the North and the South?
- What happened to John Brown?
Election of 1860
- Republican Party
- Who was their candidate for president?
- How did the party feel about the spread of slavery?
- What was Lincolns primary goal when he was elected president?
Southern secession
- Confederate States of America/Rebels
- Union/Yankees
- What was the first state to secede from the Union?
- Jefferson Davis
Civil War
Advantages and disadvantages of North and South in Civil War
- General Winfield Scott, etc.
- What was the military strategy and goals of the South?
Border states
- Why was Maryland so important for the Union to hold onto?
First Battle of Bull Run
- What did the battle show to the North and the South?
Battle of Hampton Roads
- blockaderunners
- Virginia vs. Monitor
- Why was battle a turning point in naval history?
Battle of Antietam
- What were the effects of battle?
Emancipation Proclamation
-What did it say?
African-American soldiers
-54th Massachusetts Volunteers
- discrimination
What was the effect of the war on the northern economy?
Habeus corpus
- What were the effects of Lincoln suspended the writs of habeas corpus?
Ulysses S. Grant
Problems with Civil War medicine and sterilization?
siege
Battle of Gettysburg
- Why was it a turning point?
General William Tecumseh Shermans march to the sea - Atlanta to Savannah
- total war tactics
Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse - end of Civil War
- Why did Lee surrender to Grant?
Freedmens Bureau
Lincolns 10% Plan
- What was it?
Lincolns assassination

-Who killed him?

- Where did this occur?
- Who became president after Lincoln died?
Reconstruction
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
What was the goal of Jim Crow laws?
- tactics used by the South to limit strength of 14th and 15th Amendments:
- poll taxes
- literacy tests
- Ku Klux Klan
Define Reconstruction
Why did Southern governments pass black codes?
Radical Reconstruction
-What was goal of Radical Republicans for Reconstruction?
- Why did Radical Republicans criticize Lincolns and Johnsons Reconstruction plans?
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
- Why were there problems between Johnson and Congress?
-Tenure of Office Act
- How did it limit the power of the president?
- impeachment
- In which part of Congress can impeach an official?
- In which part of Congress does the impeachment trial occur?
Plessy v. Ferguson