In the name of Allah the most the gracious most merciful

From water we have created

everything alive
Allah is the most
truthful.

Contents of the lecture

Aims
Definition of the Heat Exhaustion
The size of the problem

Cooling Operation in the human body

The factors affecting the process of sweat evaporation
The factors affecting the individual response to
the heat exhaustion
The behavioral and health Symptoms of heat

Prevention from the heat

exhaustion

Aims
Understanding the extent of heat exhaustion
influence on the human body
Understanding how the human body deals with
the heat exhaustion
Method of preventing the effects of the heat
exhaustion

What is the temperature

exhaustion?

It is a group of symptoms resulting

from the increase of exposing to the
heat or the exhaustion at work under
harsh weather conditions.

What is the size of the problem?

The problem aggravates in the summer

season.
One case of death at America in 2002

Short of data at Kuwait

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Cooling operations in

the human body

Methods of scattering heat from the
human body
Evaporation

Heat load
The body loses its
temperature to the
atmosphere surrounding it to
be replaced by a cold air.

Breath

The body
temperature
causes sweat
which scatters
when it transfers
from liquid to
vapor.

Radiation
The body loses its
temperature in the cold
things neighboring the
body without touching
them directly

Connection
The body loses its
temperature to the
neighboring cold
things when touching
the same directly

Cooling operations in the human body

Hypothalamus (thermostat)

It locates at the lower

part of the brain
Coordination center for temperature
organizing operations
Sending instructions to the body organs
to perform cooling operations
8

Cont... Cooling operations

in the human body

Heating
blood

Flowing
into the
head

The hot blood reaching the

hypothalamus
EVAPORATION

Skin

nervous
signal
9

Opening
the sweat
glands

Sweat glands

Cont... Cooling operations

in the human body
The person loses a rate of 1.5
liter/ hour of liquids

Continuous liquids
leads to dryness.
10

losing

Cont... Cooling operations

in the human body
Difficulties faced by
the fireman
The temperature amount which is generated by his
body 70%

The external temperature absorption forms 30%

which includes:
Whether and humidity temperature

Fire temperature
11

The factors affecting the operation

of sweat evaporation
The skin surface exposed to
the environment

The relative temperature and

humidity degree of the air.

The air current movement

around the body
12

The factors affecting the individual

response to the heat exhaustion

Physical fitness

Aging
13

Weight

Heart diseases

Cont the factors affecting the individual

response to the heat exhaustion

Diabetes

Non-adaptation
14

Medicines

Food Quality

The behavioral and health

symptoms of heat
The behavioral symptoms
from the heat exhaustion

Slowness in work

15

Recklessness

resulting

Aggressive
behavior

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Health symptoms

Heat wearing out

It is a dryness case which is suffered by the man as a
result of losing a great amount of liquids and salts
because of exposing to the heat or the hard work
excessively.

16

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Cont.. The health symptoms
Sings of heat wearing out

Nausea

17

Muscles contractions

Vomiting

weakness

Headache

Anxiety

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Cont.. The health symptoms
Aiding the afflicted with heat wearing out

Providing with
liquids
18

Cold place

Taking rest

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Cont.. The health symptoms

Sunstroke
It is a case which threatens the
mans life, caused by exposing
to high temperature or humidity.
The
human
temperature
increases to reach 41 C 43 C
so that it causes damage in the
central nervous system of the
body.
19

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Cont.. The health symptoms
The symptoms

Mental confusion

20

Unconsciousness

Heat and skin

dryness

Coma

Increase in the body

temperature

Death

Cont The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

Cont.. The health symptoms
Aiding the affected person

Massaging the limbs of

the affected person.

21

Medical
emergencies

Immersing or sprinkling
him using cold water

Taking off the

clothes entirely

Taking him to the

hospital immediately

Prevention from heat

exhaustion
Dryness symptoms

confusion

22

Skin
dryness

Lack of
Coordination

Decrease of
urinary rate

Bad temper

Increase of
temperature
degree

Thirst

Exhaustion

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

Risks of losing liquids in the human body

2% dryness occurrence

4% non-ability to work
7% vomiting or fainting
10% of death rates.
23

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

Providing with liquids

Benefits of providing with liquids
Organizing the body temperature.

Compensating the liquids amount

lost.

Vital organs performing

functions entirely
Compensating the lost salts.
24

their

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

Providing with liquids

Outside the house
Drinking half liter of water before leaving
the house (garden sportetc.)

Drinking quarter liter of water during

working outside the house.

Lessening of drinking liquids

contain Caffeine substance.
25

which

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

At the fire station

Drink water all day long
Avoid drinking caffeine

Urine periodically to
avoid the bladder
being full.
26

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

At the accident site

Start drinking water during heading
for the accident site.
Drink water during replacing the air
cylinder.
When the accident period becomes
longer than an hour, drink water
lightened by juices inasmuch as half
of the same.
Drink water during coming back to
the station
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Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion
Adaptation adapting with the air
temperature.
The common belief before 1971
The adaptation period is from 4-6 days
(temperature degree- heart pulses rate- skin)

28

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion
Cont Adaptation adapting with the air
temperature.
A study conducted by American Navy in 1971:
Non-sufficiency of the period 4-6 days (gullet temperaturecontracting& stretching pressure- artery pressure)

How long does the man need to be

adapted with the air temperature?

29

7 days

45 %

14 days

79%

21 days

99.6%

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion

How to be adapted
Started to work in hot weathers at the
beginning of the season

Working for short and varying periods.

Taking a sufficient amount of rest and

having liquids before , during and after
work.
30

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion
Physical fitness:

Its benefits
It helps the body to endure the heat
burdens.

Provide a capacity for the heart

which is required to maintain the
body temperature organized.

31

It activates and widens the blood

circulation , increases the blood size
and passes great amount of the
same in the blood vessels to help in
cooling the body.

Cont Prevention from heat

exhaustion
Cont Physical fitness:
Cont its benefits
It helps him to sweat rapidly in order to make
the fireman works at a low heart beats and
temperature rates.
It makes him adapt with the temperature two
times more than the fireman having a weak
physical fitness.

The fireman having a high physical fitness

loses adaptation slowly and retrieve it rapidly.
32

Cont Prevention from heat exhaustion

The nutrition system
The good nutrition system helps to avoid
dryness occurrence.

Keeping away from fats and salts.

Increasing in eating fibers, fruits and

vegetables.
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References
Georgia State University, Nutrition Education for New Americans
Projects. By Erin Atkerson, RD, LD Project Coordinator.
Guyton, Arthur C., Basic Human Physiology: Normal Function and
Mechanisms of Disease, W.B. Saunders Co, 1971.
Temperature Regulation of the Human Body. By
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatreg.html
The Physiological Effects of Heat Stress. By
http://www.coolbandanas.com/heatstress.htm
U.S. Fire Administration, 102 United States Firefighter Fatalities in
2002. Issued date: January 9, 2003.
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-usfa/media/03-005.shtm
Understanding Heat Stress by Shan Raffel.
http://www.uq.net.au/~zzsraffe/Articles_Papers/understanding
_heat_stress.htm
34

References
Firefighter Hydration by Firefighter Rodger Broome, June 2, 1998.
http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/villa/4787/ffhydration.html
Youre an Athlete-So Drink Like One, by Kathryn A. Parker,
R.D.,L.D. Nutrition Consultant.
http://www.cityofgainesville.org/hosted/lifequest/drinkathlete.htm
Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine: Chapter 3: Ventilation and
Thermal Stress Ashore and Afloat: Section III. Physiological
Principles, By Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery. The University of Iowa 1997-2003.
http://www.vnh.org/PreventiveMedicine/Chapter3/3.09.html

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Best regards

Public Safety and Professional

Health Supervision
Wishing you
Safety and Good Health continuously
36