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Introduction
Nowadays, modern organizations are forced to develop new approaches to both employees
and workforce management. This is caused by constant changes in their business
environments, such as: market volatilities, globalization, demographic changes, new roles of
innovative technologies, information services, jobs intellectualization as well as dynamic
development of international organizations and shifts in organizational models. Concerning
organization itself, the most important shifts are considered to be as follows:
Taking the form of network-based organization - often with multiple centres of power;
Particularly important position in these activities is occupied by the creation of talents set and
their management.
Talents and talents management
By talent we mean an extraordinarily develop- and growth-capable person, who easily
improves its work performance. According to the most often quoted and practically useful
Renzulli Model (Renzullis Conception of Giftedness), talent consists of the following
components (Listwan, 2013):
Even though Renzulli Model was used so far in education system as a diagnosis tool that
helped to discover gifted children, it also clearly corresponds with Talents in organizations,
i.e. expected features of the manager of the future. In case of managers, we can easily
mention about many additional assets connected with workforce management (specific
direct abilities). These are variables with social nature comprised within charismatic
leadership, realised by the leader throughout interaction with other people. The most
basic ability is personal intelligence and, in particular: self-control, empathy, ability to
influence others and motivate. Wide, interdisciplinary knowledge regarding creation,
functioning and development of groups and organizations, including multiculturalism is
very closely related to those qualifications. Therefore, our considerations about talents
can be smoothly related to management-level employees as well as searching and
developing organizations leaders (Listwan 2013).
Competences
Competences are currently an important object of interest for various researchers
connected with labour market. Competences are often analysed in regard to work
performance on the occupied position and individual social roles (Baczyska, 2010).
In the following paper the definition that has been used describes competences as a
category of behaviours, which condition an effective realization of tasks. These behaviours
are affected by declarative and procedural knowledge, experience, temperament, intellect
as well as personality, working style and motivation (Baczyska, Wekselberg, 2009, p. 5660).
One of the most common and efficient method in terms of measurements taken on
competences in behavioural approaches is Development Center. It gives the opportunity to
undertake effective researches on subjects potential and its individual growth and develop
capabilities.
Research objective
The aim of this research was to verify the effectiveness of Renzulli model in terms of
potential Talents in pharmaceutical company.
In order to verify the assumptions, a research question was raised along with hypotheses,
which follow.
Research question:
Do individuals within talent groups, who achieve outstanding work performance present high
level in terms of Renzulli Model factors?
Hypotheses:
H.1. Individuals in specific talent groups display an increased intellectual potential measured
by Ravens Progressive Matrices test.
H.2. Individuals in specific talent groups display an increased intellectual potential within
analytical thinking competence measured by Development Center research.
H.3. Individuals in specific talent groups display an average or increased potential in terms of
creative acting measured by Development Center within the following competences: goalorientation, internal customer-orientation, cooperation.
H.4. Individuals in specific talent groups display an average or increased potential in terms of
creative acting measured by Development Center research within the following competences:
change-orientation, team leadership, development of others.
H.5. Individuals in specific talent groups display an increased work commitment measured by
Intentio Consensio test within high results in Intentio scale.
Research method
The research was undertaken in December 2013 in IBD Business School in Warsaw. It was
conducted upon specific research sample, which consisted of the medical representatives
N=49, who worked in one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Poland.
The tools to measure individual variables within Renzulli Model were defined in the initial
stage of research by the Angoff Method on Cutoff Scores and Judgement Consensus. The joint
group of judges consisted of the representatives from: pharmaceutical company, tested
individuals, IBD Business School consultants (3 people altogether).
Chart no. 1 presents undertaken arrangements:
Chart 1. Renzulli Model and tools used to measure relevant components of the model.
Measurement instruments chosen adequately
abilities-
increased
intellectual Ravens
potential
Progressive
Matrices
test
Development Center:
Development Center:
Goal-orientation
Internal customer-orientation
Cooperation
Change-orientation
Team leadership
Development of others
Work
commitment,
i.e.
inner
Afterwards, a research consisting of two stages was undertaken: (1) Development Center
session and (2) battery of tests.
Organisational skills
Openness to cooperation
Openness to development
An important criterion of this selection was based on the fact that the aforementioned choice
of individuals was initiated and approved not only by immediate superiors but also by Regional
Directors.
Development Center
There were 7 sessions within Development Center altogether (6-8 persons in each group). The
competences of all researched participants were tested during 1 day-long Development
Center session. Those competences were:
Goal-orientation
Internal customer-orientation
Cooperation
Change-orientation
Team leadership
Development of others
Analytical thinking
Development Center was designed by IBD Business School and is based on the principles,
which were elaborated on the 4th of May 2000 in San Francisco. They have been updated since
then during annual events named The International Congress on Assessment Center
Methods by researchers and practitioners of Assessment Center method (Baczyska,
Wekselberg, 2009, p. 56-60).
Development Center sessions consisted of 4 simulations and competence interview and it
lasted for 8 hours. The participants took part in the following tasks: discussion without defined
role, analysis of the case along with individual presentation and simulation of the following
interviews: interview with internal customer, interview with employee and competence
interview. The model that was used in Development Center research embraces
seven aforementioned competences.
Every competence was examined in at least two exercises and every participant was surveilled
in each task by at least two assessors. The session was undertaken in accordance with the
guidelines described above. 7 sessions were organised altogether.
All competences were created with the involvement of competent judges. The rules of running
the session and surveilling participants were realised in accordance with the aforementioned
principles of The International Congress on Assessment Center Methods. The Angoff Method
on Cutoff Scores and Judgement Consensus was used to describe high, average and low levels
of individual competences. Undertaken arrangements are presented in chart no. 2.
Chart 2. Assessment of competence levels
Competence
Low
Average
High
Analytical thinking
Levels 1-1,5
Levels 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
Goal-orientation
Levels 1-1,5
Levels 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
Internal customer-
Levels 1 - 2
Levels 2,5 - 3
Levels 3,5-5
Cooperation
Levels 1-2
Levels 2,5 - 3
Levels 3,5-5
Change-
Levels 1-2
Levels 2,5-3
Levels3,5-5
Levels 1-1,5
Levels 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
Levels 1-1,5
Levels 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
orientation
orientation
Team leadership
Development
of
others
Battery of tests
Participants of the research were conducting the battery of tests, which consisted of: Ravens
Progressive Matrices test and Intentio Consensio test (Wekselberg).
Tool 1. Ravens Progressive Matrices test. Author- Raven- test of liquid intelligence.
Ravens Progressive Matrices test measures general intelligence level. The test is used to
gain information about individuals g factor, i.e. general intelligence factor.
Ravens Progressive Matrices test in its standard version consists of 5 scales: A, B, C, D, E. Each
scale usually holds 12 tasks within. The aim of the tasks is to find relations between elements
of the matrix and point the missing pattern from the ones enlisted under the matrix.
Tool 2. Intentio Consensio Test (TIC). Author Victor Wekselberg.
Intentio Consensio Test was developed in order to thoroughly analyse independent reasons
of each individual to undertake work. It takes into consideration both the effort put into work
by each person as well as its openness to cooperation. TIC is based on an innovative idea of
personality assessment in work context. It also analyses human's personality as an
information- and knowledge-based structure. By measuring two main, global personality
traits- CONSENSIO and INTENTIO, TIC analyses human's predispositions to cooperate and its
readiness to put an effort into work. Both CONSENSIO and INTENTIO have the following
nature:
Fig. 2 Specification of low and high intensification of general traits Intentio and Consensio
INTENTIO
LOW
HIGH
Labour avoidance
Labour willingness
Risk avoidance
Facing risk
Innovation avoidance
Stability preference
Change preference
CONSENSIO
LOW
HIGH
Personal goals
Social goals
Individual work
Teamwork
Competition
Unwillingness to aid others
Cooperation
Willingness to aid others
H1. Individuals within talent groups have an increased intellectual potential measured with
Ravens Progressive Matrices test.
Mean
7,7143
49
H.1. was partially confirmed, since the result achieved by examined persons equalled M=7,7
sten, which means that the average headed towards higher results, which start with 8 sten.
H2. Individuals within talent groups display an increased intellectual potential measured by
Development Center test within analytical thinking competence.
Chart 4. Interpretation of results from DC for 'analytical thinking' competence
Competence
Low result
Average result
High result
Analytical thinking
Levels 1-1,5
Levels 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
49
Lack of data
Mean (M)
3,3980
Median (Me)
3,5000
Mode (Mo)
3,00
Levels of competence
Frequency
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Accumulated
Percentage
Valid
1,50
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,00
2,0
2,0
4,1
2,50
10,2
10,2
14,3
3,00
16
32,7
32,7
46,9
3,50
11
22,4
22,4
69,4
4,00
10
20,4
20,4
89,8
4,50
4,1
4,1
93,9
5,00
6,1
6,1
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
The result of 'analytical thinking' competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 3,398. At
the same time Median amounted to Me= 3,5 and Mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the result
fit into high values for this competence (levels 3-5). In general, 42 out of 49 results of
examined persons fit into high results.
Hypothesis " H.2. Individuals within talent groups display an increased intellectual potential
measured by Development Center test within analytical thinking competence" has been
confirmed.
H.3. Individuals within talent groups display an increased value within specific abilities
measured by Development Center method in terms of the following competences: goalorientation, internal customer-orientation, cooperation.
Chart 7. Interpretation of Development Center results in terms of the following competences:
goal-orientation, internal customer-orientation, cooperation.
Competence
Low result
Average result
High result
Goal-orientation
Level 1-1,5
Level 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
Internal
Levels 1 - 2
Levels 2,5 - 3
Levels 3,5-5
orientation
customer-
Cooperation
Levels 1-2
Levels 2,5 - 3
Levels 3,5-5
Internal
Respect for
customer-
others
orientation
Goal-orientation
Valid
49
49
49
Lack of data
Mean (M)
3,0612
3,0714
3,1020
Median (Me)
3,0000
3,0000
3,0000
Mode (Mo)
3,00
3,00
3,00
Valid
Frequency
Percentage
Valid
Accumulated
Percentage
Percentage
,00
2,0
2,0
2,0
1,50
2,0
2,0
4,1
2,00
6,1
6,1
10,2
2,50
18,4
18,4
28,6
3,00
16
32,7
32,7
61,2
3,50
10
20,4
20,4
81,6
4,00
14,3
14,3
95,9
4,50
4,1
4,1
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
Levels of
competence
Frequency Percentag
e
Valid
Accumulated
Percentage
Percentage
2,00
16,3
16,3
16,3
2,50
12,2
12,2
28,6
3,00
13
26,5
26,5
55,1
3,50
12
24,5
24,5
79,6
4,00
10
20,4
20,4
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
Valid
Valid
Frequency Percentag
e
Valid
Accumulated
Percentage
Percentage
1,50
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,00
6,1
6,1
8,2
2,50
14,3
14,3
22,4
3,00
20
40,8
40,8
63,3
3,50
13
26,5
26,5
89,8
4,00
10,2
10,2
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
The result of 'goal-orientation' competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 3,061. At the
same time Median amounted to Me= 3,0 and Mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the result fit
into high values for this competence (levels 3-5). In general, 35 out of 49 results of the
examined persons fit into high results.
The result of 'internal customer-orientation' competence for tested group N=49 averaged M=
3,1. At the same time Median amounted to Me= 3,0 and Mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus,
the result did not fit into high values for this competence (levels 3,5-5). In general, 22 out of
49 results of the examined persons fit into high results.
The result of 'cooperation' competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 3,07. At the same
time Median amounted to Me= 3,0 and Mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the result did not
fit into high values for this competence (levels 3,5-5). In general, 22 out of 49 results of the
examined persons fit into high results.
Hypothesis named 'Individuals within talent groups display an increased value within specific
abilities measured by Development Center method in terms of the following competences:
goal-orientation, internal customer-orientation, cooperation.' has been confirmed in
reference to goal-orientation competence. However, it has not been confirmed in reference
to internal customer-orientation and cooperation competences.
H.4. Individuals in specific talent groups display an average or increased potential in terms
of creative acting assessed by Development Center research within the following
competences: change-orientation, team leadership, development of others.
Chart 12. Interpretation of results from DC for change-orientation, team leadership and
development of others competences
Competence
Low result
Average result
High result
Change-orientation
Levels 1-2
Level 2,5 - 3
Levels 3,5-5
Team leadership
Level 1-1,5
Level 2-2,5
Levels 3-5
Development of others
Level 1-1,5
Level 2-2,5
Level 3-5
Development of others
Valid
49
49
49
Lack of data
Mean (M)
2,9388
2,6020
2,7755
Median (Me)
3,0000
2,5000
3,0000
Mode (Mo)
3,00
3,00
3,00
Percentage
Level of competence
Valid
Accumulated
Percentage
percentage
,00
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,00
10,2
10,2
12,2
2,50
18,4
18,4
30,6
3,00
23
46,9
46,9
77,6
3,50
8,2
8,2
85,7
4,00
12,2
12,2
98,0
4,50
2,0
2,0
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
Valid
Percentage
Valid
Accumulated
Percentage
percentage
,00
4,1
4,1
4,1
1,50
6,1
6,1
10,2
2,00
10
20,4
20,4
30,6
2,50
11
22,4
22,4
53,1
3,00
12
24,5
24,5
77,6
3,50
18,4
18,4
95,9
Valid
4,00
4,1
4,1
Total
49
100,0
100,0
100,0
Valid
Percentage
Valid
Accumulated
percentage
percentage
1,50
6,1
6,1
6,1
2,00
18,4
18,4
24,5
2,50
16,3
16,3
40,8
3,00
20
40,8
40,8
81,6
3,50
10,2
10,2
91,8
4,00
8,2
8,2
100,0
Total
49
100,0
100,0
The result of change-orientation competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 2,9. At the
same time median amounted to Me= 3,0 and mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the result fit
into both average and high values for this competence (interval 3-5). In general, 32 out of 49
results of tested individuals fit within the average level and 11 Talents fit within high level in
reference to this competence.
The result of team leadership competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 2,6. At the
same time median amounted to Me= 2,5 and mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the result fit
into both average and high values for this competence (interval 2-5). In general, 21 out of 49
results of tested individuals fit within the average level and 23 of them fit within high level in
reference to this competence.
The result of development of others competence for tested group N=49 averaged M= 2,8.
At the same time median amounted to Me= 3,0 and mode amounted to Mo=3,0. Thus, the
result fit into both average and high values for this competence (interval 2-5). In general, 17
out of 49 results of tested individuals fit within the field of average results and 29 of them fit
within the field of high results in reference to this competence.
H.4. Individuals in specific talent groups display an average or increased potential in terms of
creative acting assessed by Development Center research within the following competences:
change-orientation, team leadership, development of others. The hypothesis has been
confirmed, however the results fit within the field of average results. The highest-rated
competence from all abovementioned was change-orientation.
H.5. Individuals in specific talent groups display an increased work commitment assessed by
Intentio Consensio test within high results in Intentio scale.
Chart 17. Grading used in reference to the population
VERY LOW
1
LOW
3
AVERAGE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
50
Lack of data
Mean (M)
7,0740
Median (Me)
7,0000
6,00a
Mode (Mo)
a. There are many modal values. The chart presents minimal value.
Frequency
Percentage
Valid percentage
Accumulated
percentage
Valid
1,70
2,0
2,0
2,0
10
4,00
2,0
2,0
4,0
5,00
4,0
4,0
8,0
6,00
15
30,0
30,0
38,0
7,00
15
30,0
30,0
68,0
8,00
6,0
6,0
74,0
9,00
11
22,0
22,0
96,0
10,00
4,0
4,0
100,0
Total
50
100,0
100,0
The result of Intentio trait for tested group amounted averagely M= 7,1. At the same time
median amounted to Me= 7,0 and mode amounted to Mo=6,0. Thus, the result fit into high
values for this competence (sten 7-10). In general, 31 out of 50 results of tested individuals fit
within the field of high level in reference to this competence.
H.5. Hypothesis Individuals in specific talent groups display an increased work commitment
assessed by Intentio Consensio test within high results in Intentio scale has been confirmed.
the assumptions have been confirmed only in terms of goal-orientation competence (M=3,0,
Me=3,, Mo=3,0) with exclusion of two others.
Creativity, i.e. originality, novelty, liquidity and elasticity of thinking, undertaking of new and
unconventional challenges, openness to ambiguity and uncertainty, facing risk, sensitivity and
rich emotionality operationalized on the level of research of three competences, i.e. changeorientation (M=2,5; Me=2,5; Mo=3), team leadership (M=2,5; Me=2,5; Mo=3) and
development of others (M=3,0; Me=3,0; Mo=3,0) have confirmed the deduced assumptions.
The last element of Renzulli Model- work dedication, i.e. internal discipline, persistence in
pursuing objectives, diligence, endurance, work fascination, willingness to make sacrifices,
belief in oneself, examined with Intentio Consensio test has also been reflected in presented
outcomes. Examined individuals within Intentio trait (work dedication, risk undertaking,
search for novelties, change and self-development preference) achieved high results on the
levels of: M=7,0; Me=7,0; Mo=6,0.
Its worth to mention that research subjects were freshly-assigned to the managerial talent
groups and did not have previously any experience in the field of either self-development or
training. They stood on the verge of a new stage in their careers.
Conclusions:
Renzulli Model found its justification in conducted research upon managerial talent group
in pharmaceutical company
Bibliography
Agnieszko Jwik- senior consultant, trainer at IBD Business School; manager with 16 yearslong career in business field, academic lecturer, co-founder of Managers Competence
Academy at Kozminski University, expert in the fields of competence diagnosis and employees
development methods.
Affiliation: IBD Business School
Declaration
The abovementioned publication named The image of Talent in pharmaceutical company in
the context of Renzulli Model has not been published anywhere yet.
Agnieszka Jwik
Anna Baczyska
Anna Bugalska