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Your goal is to find the best solution to meet the Clients wastewater treatment needs over the
next 20 years. How do you design a solution that optimally achieves the goals & objectives of the
project?
1. First, you must first define the goals & objectives.
GOALS should reflect the ultimate purposes of those who have both direct and indirect interests
in the project.
example: to produce safe effluent water that protects human health and the environment
OBJECTIVES specify which characteristics of the system are to be optimized in order to achieve
the goals. Things such as cost, aesthetics, etc.
ecample: maximize the safety of the plant
2. Then specify the criteria against which you will measure how well the goals/objectives are met
CONSTRAINTS: drive the alternatives selection and design by mandating limits that cannot be
exceeded
these MAY be legal limits
examples:
must fit the WWRF on the available land
must comply with NPDES permit limits from the state
must comply with water rights
maximum amount of money (potentially)
CRITERIA: are desirable or undesirable elements against which the design will be judged;
a set of parameters used to measure how optimum a solution is with respect to the objectives
Criteria are subject to interpretation !
As the design team you need to balance your professional judgement with both the Client
concerns and public concerns.
Non-technical issues have a large impact on the final design
social, economic, & political issues should be considered
Frequently, the goals, objectives, and criteria may conflict; therefore, it is important to rank the
relative importance of each. Example: optimal water quality vs low cost
How well each alternative satisfies a criteria is frequently a subjective judgement, since it doesnt
involve quantifiable elements
Due to the complexity of our problem, and the HUGE range of possible combinations of
processes to achieve our goals, your team will likely need to discretize the problems.
Example A
1. primary treatment of all WW flow
2. secondary treatment of all WW flow
3. advanced treatment of all WW flow
for next 5 years, remove ammonia
in 10 to 15 yrs, need to remove N
in 15 to 20 yrs, need to remove P
Example B
1. meet Q and effluent limits for next 5 years
2. meet Q and effluent limits for 5-15 yrs
3. meet Q and effluent limits for 15-20 yrs
Example C
1. remove solids
2. remove BOD
3. remove bacteria
4. remove ammonia
5. remove N & P (for reuse, or in 15-20 yrs)
6. treat biosolids
Example D: unit processes
1. primary settlers
2. activated sludge
3. biotrickling filters
etc.....
** first cut: eliminate things that dont meet CONSTRAINTS
** next: primary criteria? main criteria with sub-criteria?
-> try to narrow to 3 to 5 options for detailed evaluation (1/person)
** listing the criteria is not enough -- need to include a sentence or 2 definition, so that everyone
will interpret each criteria the same
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