Code of practice for Power System

Protection
Under Electrical Protection
01 - The entire wiring of circuitry for indications, alarms, metering
and protection should be permanent wiring.
02 - The leads should be marked and identified by ferrules near
terminals.
03 - Every lead should end at a terminal point and no junction by
twisting is allowed.
04 - The wiring should be by copper leads for C.T secondary for all
cores i.e. metering cores as well as protection cores and for PT
secondary for protection core.
05 - The wiring should be by copper leads 1.07. The copper lead for
1.05 & 1.06 above should be stranded but not single lead type.
06 - Aluminum leads can be used for indication, alarms and PT
secondary for metering but stranded wires only are to be used. But
copper leads are always preferable for these said purposes.
07 - The terminations should be lugged by ring shape O lugs. U
shape lugs should be avoided since U shape lugs may slip if
terminal is loosen.
08 - For CT Secondary terminations, two nuts with one spring
washer and two flat washers to be compulsorily used.
09 - The CT terminal strips should be stud type with nuts and not
screw-in-type.
10 - Wherever two sets of battery are available, the primary
protection and back-up protection should be from different battery .

11 - Where there is only one battery at an Electrical Power

Substation, the primary and back-up protections should be given
D.C supply through two individual circuits with independent fuses
run from D.C bus.
12 - When CBs have two trip coils, both main protection and backup
protection will energize both the trip coils.
13 - D.C and A.C supplies should not be taken through different
cores of the same cable. Totally different cables should be used for
DC and AC supplies.
14 - Independent D.C cables should be run to each equipment in
the yard and looping of D.C supply from one equipment to other is
not permitted.
15 - The D.C emergency lighting in substation should be through
independent cables and not mixed up with protection and other
circuitry.
16 - Standard color codes for wires in control circuit of different
sizes should be as follows,
PURPOSE

SIZE

COLOR

Indication, Alarm, trip, close etc

1.5 mm2

Gray

Red Phase Metering PT Circuit

1.5 mm2

Red

Yellow Phase Metering PT Circuit

1.5 mm2

Yellow

Blue Phase Metering PT Circuit

1.5 mm2

Blue

Red Phase Protection PT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Red

Yellow Phase Protection PT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Yellow

Blue Phase Protection PT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Blue

Red Phase Metering and Protection CT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Red

Yellow Phase Metering and Protection CT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Yellow

Blue Phase Metering and Protection CT Circuit

2.5 mm2

Blue

Phase for auxiliary AC supply

2.5 mm2

Red

Neutral for auxiliary AC supply

2.5 mm2

Black

Common star point of CTs

2.5 mm2

Black

Common star point of Protection PTs

2.5 mm2

Black

Common star point of Metering PTs

1.5 mm2

Black

Earthing Connection

2.5 mm2

Green

17 - The lead numbers are also standardized as follows so that

anyone can easily identify the purpose for which the lead is
connected.
Alphabet Series

Purpose

Example

J Series

D.C Incoming

J1, J2, etc.

K Series

Control - Closing, Tripping, etc.

K1, K2, K3 etc.

L Series

Alarms, indications and annunciations

L1, L2, L3, etc.

M Series

Motor Circuit

M1, M2, etc.

E Series

Potential transformer secondaries

E1, E2, E3, etc.

H Series

LT A.C Supply

H1, H2, H3, etc..

A Series

C.T secondary for special protection

A1, A2, A3, etc.

B Series

Bus bar protection

B1, B2, B3, etc..

C Series

Protection Circuits

C1, C2, C3, etc.

D Series

Metering Circuit

D1, D2, D3, etc.

18 - The CT ratios available and adopted with number of cores shall

be displayed on each panel as follows: (with underlined position as
adopted). 400 - 200 - 100 / 1-1-1 19 - Wherever CT cores are not

used SHORTING LOOPS should be provided in CT secondary

terminals and not in marshaling boxes or at panels.
20 - The Cable entries in the equipment, marshaling boxes and
panels should be through appropriate size of cable glands. No other
means are allowed.
21 - PT secondaries should have group MOCBs with D.C alarm.
22 - Few cells from a battery set should not be used for separate
low voltage D.C circuits. Here D.C - D.C converters may be
employed for utilizing full D.C voltage of the entire battery as input.

Standard Lead Numbers used in Control

Circuit of Protection of Power System
Certain lead numbers are standardized as follows and should be
compulsorily adopted with ferrules at terminations of leads.
Purpose

Normally used Ferrul Number

Main DC Positive supply

J1

Main DC Negative supply

J2

DC Positive bus inside panel

K1

DC Nagetive bus inside panel

K2

Close

K15R

Remote Trip

K5R

Local Close

K15L

Local Trip

K5L

Metering CT secondaries

D11, D31, D51, D71 etc.

Protection CT secondaries

C11, C31, C51, C71 etc.

Special Protection CT secondaries

A11, A31, A51, A71 etc.

PT scondaries

E11, E31, E51, E71 etc.

Different Relay Device Number

Protection of Power System

used

in

Mark Number

Name of the Device

Time delay relay

Checking or Interlocking relay

21

Distance relay

25

Check synchronizing relay

27

Under voltage relay

30

Annunciator relay

32

Directional power (Reverse power) relay

37

Low forward power relay

40

Field failure (loss of excitation) relay

46

Negative phase sequence relay

49

Machine or Transformer Thermal relay

50

Instantaneous Over current relay

51

A.C IDMT Over current relay

52

Circuit breaker

52a

Circuit breaker Auxiliary switch Normally open (a contact)

52b

Circuit breaker Auxiliary switch Normally closed (b contact)

55

Power Factor relay

56

Field Application relay

59

Overvoltage relay

60

Voltage or current balance relay

64

Earth fault relay

67

Directional relay

68

Locking relay

74

Alarm relay

76

D.C Over current relay

78

Phase angle measuring or out of step relay

79

AC Auto reclose relay

80

Monitoring loss of DC supply

81

Frequency relay

81U

Under frequency relay

81O

Over frequency relay

83

Automatic selective control or transfer relay

85

Carrier or pilot wire receive relay

86

Tripping Relay

87

Differential relay

87G

Generator differential relay

87GT

Overall differential relay

87U

UAT differential relay

87NT

Restricted earth fault relay

95

Trip circuit supervision relay

99

Over flux relay

186A

Auto reclose lockout relay

186B

Auto reclose lockout relay