Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos
WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
Waste Management
Concept for
Low Income Countries
Institute of Waste Management
Marion Huber-Humer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Maxim Akhmadiev
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Marlies Hrad
Gnther Kraus
Peter Lechner
Sabine Lenz
Peter Mostbauer
Florian Part
Alexandra Pukhnyuk
Roland Ramusch
Stefan Salhofer
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Felicitas Schneider
Margarete Staudner
Benjamin Steuer
Nina Degischer
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Zorica Stamenkovic
Erwin Binner MSc.

1
BOKUBOKU-University / Vienna
of Waste Management
Anna Happenhofer
Christian Hochhauer
Aleksander Jandric
Julia Zeilinger
Erwin Binner
Institute
La Molina 2015
Outlook
Waste Management Concept

Example Austria
Different Waste Composition
Adequate Waste Management Concept
Other Things Important for Peru
Conclusions
2
Erwin Binner
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 1

September 2015
Waste Management in Austria (and EU)

1990 Waste Management Law (BGBL. I-102/2002)
Priorities (5R):
prevention
reuse
recycling
energetic recovery
3
Erwin Binner
treatment + disposal

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
La Molina 2015
SS = sewage sludge
MBT = mechanical
biological pretreatment
recycling
use
resources
separate
collection
production
residual
waste
MBT
landfill 5
MSW incineration
landfill 4
use?
recycling
landfill 6
biogenous
resources
separate
composting
consumption collected
soil
anaerobic treatment
biowaste
production
thermal treatment
recycling
SS
anaerobic treatment
thermal treatment
biogas
excavated soil
reuse
Inert wastes and

construction
and
Erwin Binner
demolition waste
recycling
composting
biogas
landfill 1
landfill
La Molina 2+3
2015
page 2

September 2015
Waste Treatment
Treatment Costs
Treatment of residual waste in Europe - comparison
costs are varying strongly, depending on legal
requirements, applied technology and capacity
treatment of residual
waste
costs in Europe
(/t Input)
landfilling
mechanical-biological
pretreatment
8 240
18 133
thermal treatment
90 332
source: Putz, 2005
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
MSW Composition
very different to Austria
again the local
situation is to be
known
31%
Waste Composition in Peru

paper
7%
leather
<1%
plastic
4%
textile
2% metal
2%
organic waste
55%
glass
3%
wood
1%
Erwin Binner
fines
26%
source: Analisis sectorial de residuos solidos 1998
2009 (different sources)

organic waste (Peru):
48 to 55%
2009 (different sources)
organic waste (some
districts):
2015
upLatoMolina
78%
page 3

September 2015
Global Warming
Gas Formation Potential of Landfills
org. fraction in waste
content
C-content
[kg/t WM]
[kg C/t WM]
bio waste
250 350
45
paper, card board

wood, textiles,
leather, compounds
220 320
80
50 150
30
plastics
70 140
70
WM ... wet matter
500 - 800!
DM ... dry matter
low income countries
gas formation: 150 300 m3/t DM
>> !!
time frame for gas formation is between 20 and > 50 years

7
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Global Warming
CH4 Emissions (World)
0%
+5
2000
2025
prognosis: until 2025 50% increase;

because of reactor landfills in USA, low income
countries and developing countries
8
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 4

September 2015

for Low Income Countries Bio Waste
Lima 2012, photo: Erwin Binner
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Global Warming
CH4 Emissions (Austria)
- 15%
1990
2001
15% decrease during the last 10 years because of

separate collection of biowaste (Bio-Bin)
10
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 5

September 2015
Waste Recycling
recycling
recyclables, biogenic waste
Austria
1989
316
44 kg / inh.a (14%)
disposal
residual & bulky waste
271 kg / inh.a (86%)
Collection Systems
effect of Source
Separation in Austria
1989 versus 1999
by
recycling
recyclables, biogenic waste
383
190 kg / inh.a (45%)

information
1999
public relations Austria
disposal
residual & bulky waste
teaching children
193 kg / inh.a (55%)
simple system
Reference: Federal Waste Management Plan 2001
11
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015

for Low Income Countries Sep. Collection
Erwin Binner
12 Lima
2012, photo: Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 6

September 2015
Waste Management Concept for Low Income

hazardous
Countries
MSW
2%
compounds
49%
100 %
49%
bio bin
residual waste
(sep. collect.)
29%
49%
anaerobic
energy 5%
(2-3 weeks)
manual
sorting
49%
30%
44%
CO2
aerobic
20%
(16-20 weeks)
20%
valuable
compounds
shredding
(<250 mm)
25%
agriculture
organic substance (humus)
nutrients (N,P,K,..)
positive soil effects
less landfill gas
13
Erwin Binner
biological
treatment
(open windrow)
20%
10% CO2
20%
landfill
less gas and leachate,
less volume
recycling
(plastic, paper,
metals, glass,)
La Molina 2015
Waste Management
Important for Peru
separate collection of biowaste:
high quality compost
definition of quality requirements
(soil protection) regulation!
reduction of landfilled waste (amount)
reduction of organics in landfilled waste
(reactivity)
14
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 7

September 2015
Waste Management
Important for Peru
regulations for landfills:
different types (depending on waste)
prevention of emissions (reduction of
reactivity, bottom liner)
treatment of emissions (leachate, gas)
long term behaviour !!

15
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Waste Management
Important for Peru
regulations for hazardous wastes:
prevention
(substitution, producer responsibility!)
separate collection
adequate treatment (reuse, recycling,
chemical/physical, thermal, disposal)
long term behaviour !!

16
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 8

September 2015
Waste Management
Important for Peru
important standards (norms) for Peru:
waste catalogue
hazardous wastes
limit values and methods for analyses
(wastes, compost, landfill behavior,
leaching tests, soil, water, atmosphere)
17
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015

for Low Income Countries - Conclusions
simple technique:
low investment costs, low running costs,
independency from industrialised countries
(spare parts, service)
high efficiency (cost/benefit value)
(low leachate and gas emissions and low
costs)
18
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 9

September 2015

simple implementation:
possibly a problem may be separate
collection of recyclables collected
resources might be stolen
informal sector should be kept in mind:
scavengers may get jobs in sorting-,
composting- and MBT-plants
19
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015

look to industrialised countries:
learn from their experiences
do not repeat their mistakes
do not copy their systems and techniques
adapt them for your local conditions
20
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 10

September 2015
e.binner@boku.ac.at
http://www.wau.boku.ac.at
Sustainable MBT-Landfill
Muchas
Gracias por
Su Atencin
Miscantus
1-2 m mature compost
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
mechanical-biological
pretreated waste
landfill liner (DVO)
drainage system for surface runoff

free leachate discharge
21
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Low Tech MBT
23
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 11

September 2015
Mechanical Biological Pretreatment

Low Technique Systems
Erwin Binner
24 / Salzurg,
SAB
2008
La Molina 2015
photo: Erwin Binner

25
Erwin Binner
photo: Erwin Binner
Molina 2015
Katsdorf /LaUA,
1976
page 12

September 2015

Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
26
Allerheiligen
/ Styria, 1984 Aich Assach / Styria,
1984
photo: Erwin
Binner

Erwin Binner
27 2010,
photo: Johannes Tintner
La Molina 2015
page 13

September 2015

28
Erwin Binner
1996, photo: Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015

Windrow Turning Machines
Erwin Binner
29
2010, photo: Johannes Tintner
La Molina 2015
page 14

Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries

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IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

WM-Concept for Low Income Countries

Erwin Binner MSc.