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Root causes:
Internal and external causes
Internal causes refer to the psyches of the terrorist individuals. Right-wing
terrorists tend to suffer more from psychotic personalities than their counterparts
from the radical left. External root causes can be found in the histories and
societies of the respective countries where the right-wing terrorists operate. (Eg.
Important political events like collapse of Soviet Union)
Mass immigration
Mass immigration had resulted in rapid societal changes which has fueled a deep
xenophobia among certain individuals, who fear that their own position in society
will be contested by immigrants
Examples:
Blood and honour
Aim: Purge UK (and in extension Europe) of immigrants and Jews and overthrow
democratic system
Period of operation: 1987-Present
Last attack: 1999
Operates in: Northern, Western, Eastern Europe
Founded in 1987 as music promotion network, aimed at spreading nazist
propaganda through music. Not involved in terrorism until it formed its armed
wing, Combat18 (C18). Attacks typically aimed at immigrants.
Example of attack: 3 dead, 139 injured when nail bombs set off in multicultural
neighborhoods in London and Brixton in 1999
Religious groups
Hizb ut-Tahrir al Islami
Aim: Interaction with the Ummah so that she adopts Islam as her cause and is
led to restore the Khilafah and the ruling by what Allah revealed
The Hofstadgroep
Aim: Overthrow of Western democracy and its replacementby a pure form of
Islam
Members: 14 active members
Period of operation: 2002-Present
Areas of Operation: Netherlands
The Hofstadgroep is an Islamist terrorist organization of nine young Muslims in
the Netherlands. The group was influenced by the ideology of Takfir wal Hijra, a
violent Islamist organization. It is a diffuse and self-generated autonomous
network and was not organized in a top down command structure. Eventually
declined due to imprisonment of key members.
Example of attack: Murder of the controversial Dutch writer and filmmaker Theo
van Gogh by Mohammed Bouyeri, one of the Hofstadgroeps key members.
Occurred on November 2 2004 when Theo van Gogh was assassinated while
biking to work.
Causes of attack: (Perceived) discrimination, problems between generations,
difficulties with personal identity, conflicts affecting the Muslim world (eg. Iraq,
Chechnya)